kaxa gabunia

lali ezugbaia
Wabuki qiriaP

enobrivi situacia
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi

qarTveluri enebi

Tbilisi
2010
2006 wlis 16 Tebervals xeli moewera folksvagenis fondis
mier dafinansebul proeqts `sociolingvisturi situacia
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi~ (proeqtis avtorebi - i. giperti,
m. TandaSvili; ganmkargveli - mainis frankfurtis
universiteti); proeqti saerTaSorisoa da mis
ganxorcielebaSi monawileobas iRebdnen ramdenime qveynis
(germania, didi britaneTi, saqarTvelo) wamyvani mecnierebi.
proeqti miznad isaxavda, upirveles yovlisa, qarTuli enis,
rogorc saxelmwifo enis Tanamedrove statusisa da
funqcionirebis sakiTxis sociolingvisturi aspeqtis
Seswavlas; meore mxriv, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri
jgufebis enaTa (sametyvelo kodebis) sociolingvistur
analizs. sakiTxis kompleqsurobidan gamomdinare, aRniSnuli
proeqti multidisciplinuri xasiaTisaa: proeqtis erT-erT
mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens saqarTveloSi bolo
aswleulis manZilze mimdinare migraciuli procesebisa da
Tanmdevi enobrivi cvlilebebis Seswavla.
garda Teoriul-samecniero Sedegebisa, proeqti miznad
isaxavda qarTuli dialeqtologiuri korpusis kompiuteruli
bankis Seqmnas, kodebis cvlisa da interferenciebis kvlevas,
agreTve enobrivi rukebis cifruli versiebis damuSavebas.
proeqti 6 jgufisagan aris dakompleqtebuli da mis
ganxorcielebaSi 12 samecniero dawesebulebis 42 mecnieri
iRebda monawileobas.
winamdebare naSromSi qarTvelur enaTa jgufis mier 2006-2008
wlebSi ganxorcielebuli samuSaos winaswari Sedegebia
Tavmoyrili.

redaqtori:
filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
manana TandaSvili

2
 Sesavali

qarTuli ena saxelmwifo enaa saqarTvelos mTel

teritoriaze (afxazeTSi qarTulTan erTad
saxelmwifo enis statusi micemuli aqvs afxazurs);
qarTulis garda, saqarTveloSi sxva iberiul-
kavkasiuri, indoevropuli, Turquli da semituri
enebia gavrcelebuli; aqedan gamomdinare,
mkvlevarTa winaSe dgeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze
gavrcelebuli am enebis saxelmwifo enasTan
mimarTebis analizi sociolingvisturi
TvalsazrisiT.
sazogadod, sociolingvisturi kvleva
gulisxmobs ara sakuTriv enis, misi Sinagani
struqtura-Sedgenilobis analizs, aramed imis
aRweras, Tu rogor gamoiyeneben adamianTa
socialuri jgufebi am enas. enis Sinagani struqtura
`apriori~ miiReba, rogorc arsebuli monacemi da
specialur analizs ar eqvemdebareba;
sociolingvistikisTvis sainteresoa is, Tu
socialuri cxovrebis romel sferoebSi gamoiyeneba
sakvlevi enebi; rogoria maT Soris
urTierTmimarTeba statusisa da funqcionaluri
gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT; romeli ena, ase vTqvaT,
`meTaurobs~, anu romelia saxelmwifo ena, anda
3
sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufebs Soris urTierTobis
ZiriTadi (Tumca araoficialuri) saSualeba; romeli
enebi ixmareba religiuri, saojaxo Tu yofiTi
urTierTobis enebis funqciiT...
am sakiTxebze pasuxis gacema sakmaod rTulia da am
mimarTulebiT saqarTveloSi kvleva-Zieba mxolod
ukanasknel xanebSi daiwyo. isic unda iTqvas, rom am
problemebisadmi miZRvnil arsebul naSromebSi
aqcenti ZiriTadad gadatanilia diaqroniul
sociolingvistikaze, romelic Seiswavlis enis
ganviTarebis process sazogadoebis ganviTarebasTan
mimarTebiT. sxvadasxva obieqtur Tu subieqtur
mizezTa gamo, sinqroniuli sociolingvistikis
ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, gansakuTrebiT sabWoTa
periodSi – ar xdeboda.

* * *
eTnikuri mravalferovnebis kvaldakval, saqarT-
velos lingvisturi mravalferovnebac axasiaTebs.
qarTuli ena, megrul-lazur da svanur enebTan
erTad, miekuTneba qarTvelur enaTa jgufs. indoev-
ropuli enebis sxvadasxva jgufs miekuTvneba saqarT-
veloSi arsebuli enebi, kerZod, rusuli (slavuri
jgufi), somxuri, berZnuli (jgufebi indoevropul
enaTa ojaxidan), osuri (iranul enaTa jgufi) - indo-

4
evropul enaTa ojaxis wevrebi arian; azerbaijanuli
miekuTvneba Turqul enobriv jgufs alaTaur enaTa
ojaxSi.
sagangebod unda gamovyoT 4 regioni, sadac kom-
paqturad arian gansaxlebulni umciresobaTa warmo-
madgenlebi: afxazebi (afxazeTi), osebi (samxreT oseTi),
azerbaijanelebi (qvemo qarTli) da somxebi (samcxe-
javaxeTi da qvemo qarTlidan – walkis raioni).
1. afxazebi saqarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi
saxloben – md. enguridan md. fsoumde, Savi zRvis
gayolebaze. 1989 wlis gamokiTxvis mixedviT, maTi
ricxvi 100 000-mde aRwevda (mTlianad saqarTvelos
teritoriaze, dispersiuli gansaxlebis adgilebis
CaTvliT); dRes maTi ricxvi TiTqmis ganaxevrebulia
(saomari moqmedebebisa da migraciuli procesebis
Sedegad).
2. osebi kompaqturad cxovroben Sida qarTlSi –
CrdiloeT nawilSi, agreTve ramdenime sofelSi
samxreT saqarTvelosa da kaxeTSi. sakmaod didi
nawilia dispersiulad gansaxlebuli saqarTvelos
mTels teritoriaze. 1989 wlis aRweris mixedviT, maTi
raodenoba 165 000-mde aRwevda. konfliqtebis Sedegad,
dRes osurenovani mosaxleobis ricxvi uaRresad Sem-
cirebulia.

5
 afxazebisa da osebis sakiTxi gansakuTrebulia
(arsebuli politikuri viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT) da
dRes am regionebSi arsebul enobriv mdgomareobaze
saubari Zalian rTulia: Sesabamisad, rekomendaciebis
SemuSaveba konfliqtur regionebSi viTarebis stabi-
lizaciamde ar iqneba efeqturi da Sedegis momcemi;
Tumca, SesaZlebelia SeTavazebaTa garkveuli paketis
SemuSaveba am mimarTulebiT.

* * *
bolo aRweris mixedviT, saqarTveloSi umcireso-
baTa ori didi jgufi gamoiyofa, romlebic kom-
paqturad arian gansaxlebulni saqarTvelos terito-
riaze da, amasTan, ricxovnobiT bevrad sWarboben sxva
eTnikur jgufebs:
3. azerbaijanelebi ZiriTadad qvemo qarTlsa
(saqarTvelos samxreT nawili) da Sida qarTlSi sax-
loben. azerbaijanulenovani mosaxleoba romelic
cxovrobs Sida qarTlsa da qvemo qarTlSi, mkveTrad
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. Tundac is faqtia
mniSvnelovani, rom Sida qarTlisa da qvemo qarTlis
azerbaijaneli eTnikuri jgufi zogad ganaTlebas
iReben gansxvavebul enebze (Sida qarTlSi _ qarTu-
lad, qvemo qarTlSi _ azerbaijanulad).

6
 4. somxebi ZiriTadad samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo
qarTlis regionidan walkis raionSi arian kom-
paqturad gansaxlebulni (saqarTvelos samxreT-
aRmosavleTi nawili). umciresobaTa Soris isini II
adgilze arian azerbaijanlebis Semdeg.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am eTnikuri jgufebis kompaqturi
gansaxlebebi esazRvreba maT eTnikur samSoblos. ma-
galiTad, qvemo qarTlis regioni, sadac kompaqturad
saxloben eTnikurad azerbaijanelebi, esazRvreba sax-
elmwifo azerbaijans, xolo samcxe-javaxeTi, sadac
kompaqturad saxloben eTnikurad somxebi _ esazRvreba
saxelmwifo somxeTs. vfiqrobT, am ori enis statusi
(maTi ricxovnobisa da gansaxlebis TaviseburebaTa
gaTvaliswinebiT) gansxvavebul midgomas moiTxovs.

* * *
kompaqturi gansaxlebis garda, saqarTveloSi
gvxvdeba iseTi eTnikuri jgufebis dispersiuli gans-
axlebebi, rogorebicaa rusebi, berZnebi, ukrainelebi,
polonelebi, qurTebi, iezidebi, ebraelebi, asirielebi,
agreTve Crdilo-kavkasiur enaTa warmomadgenlebi:
qistebi, CeCnebi, lekebi, udiebi, yabardoelebi,
Cerqezebi da sxva.

* * *

7
 gansakuTrebiT specifikur mdgomareobasTan gvaqvs
saqme zanur-svanur-qarTuli sociolingvisturi
urTierTmimarTebebis TvalsazrisiT; tradiciulad,
qarTvelur enebSi aerTianeben sakuTriv qarTuls,
megrul-lazurs (maT saerTo saxelwodebad gamoiyeneba
zanuri, agreTve kolxuri); mkvlevarTa erTi nawili
lazurs (uwodeben agreTve Wanurs) calke enad
ganixilavs.
zanuris megrul dialeqtze molaparake jgufi
mTlianad saqarTvelos teritoriazea gansaxlebuli.
isini kompaqturad cxovroben dasavleT saqarTveloSi,
kolxeTis dablobsa da odiSis zeganze, istoriul
samegrelosa da samurzayanoSi, mdinareebs –
cxeniswyalsa da RaliZgas Soris. istoriuli
samurzayano (galisa da oCamCiris raionebi) amJamad
afxazeTis teritoriazea moqceuli, rac
sociolingvisturi TvalsazrisiT specifikur
situacias qmnis.
lazebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebuli mxolod
erTi sofelia (sarfi) saqarTvelos teritoriaze,
aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi. lazebis ZiriTadi
nawili gansaxlebulia TurqeTis teritoriaze, Savi
zRvispira zolSi, TiTqmis qalaq rizemde.
svanebi kompaqturad saxloben dasavleT
saqarTvelos CrdiloeT nawilSi, kavkasionis qedis

8
samxreT kalTaze, mdinareebis – engurisa da rionis
zemo welze. dasavleTiT, afxazeTis avtonomiuri
respublikis teritoriaze, soliviTaa SeWrili
svanebiT dasaxlebuli kodoris xeoba (e. w. dal-
svaneTi). aRmosavleTiT svaneTs raWa esazRvreba,
samxreTiT – samegrelo da leCxumi.
svanebis, megrelebisa da lazebis raodenobis
Sesaxeb zusti statistikuri monacemebis mopoveba
amJamad SeuZlebelia: jer erTi, dRemde Catarebuli
arc erTi saxelmwifo aRwera ar iTvaliswinebda
SidaqarTvelur enobriv diferenciacias; garda amisa,
qarTul-afxazuri konfliqtisa da urbanizaciis
Seuqcevadi procesis moqmedebiT, sruliad Seicvala am
eTnikur jgufTa gansaxlebis suraTi. marto qarTul-
afxazuri konfliqtis dros 300 000-mde qarTveli
iZulebiT adgilmonacvle piris statusiT icvlis
sacxovrebel adgils, romelTagan umetesoba
zanurenovania. maTi gansaxleba moxda saqarTvelos
mTel teritoriaze.

* * *
saqarTvelom damoukidebloba moipova 1991 wels
sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevis Semdeg. ZaldatanebiTi
migraciis komunisturma politikam sabWoTa kavSiris
ngrevis Semdeg gamoiwvia araerTi eTnikuri problema
yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi. sabWoTa kavSiris
dros mosaxleobas da eTnikur jgufebs Soris

9
sakomunikacio enas warmoadgenda rusuli ena. sabWoTa
saganmanaTleblo da enobrivi politikis Sedegad
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri jgufebi - rusebi,
somxebi, azerbaijanelebi, afxazebi, osebi, berZnebi,
qurTebi da sxvebi gaxdnen rusuli politikuri da
enobrivi sazogadoebis nawili. sabWoTa kavSiris
ngrevam da saqarTvelos damoukideblobam aucilebeli
gaxada eTnikur umciresobebTan mimarTebiT
gatarebuliyo Sesabamisi politika, rameTu
politikuri realoba iyo absoluturad gansxvavebuli.
mniSvnelovani iyo, erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo enis
statusis gaZliereba da, meore mxriv, umciresobaTa
enebis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. sabWoTa kavSiris
ngrevis Semdeg saqarTveloSi ori eTnikuri konfliqti
gaRvivda. ra Tqma unda, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis
konfliqtebs hqondaT politikuri sarCuli, Tumca
eTnikurma dapirispirebam misca ufro mkveTri saxe am
konfliqtebs. amasTanave, enobrivi sakiTxebi iyo erT-
erTi gadamwyveti eTnikuri dapirispirebis gaRvivebisas
da zogierTi eqsperti am konfliqtebs `enobrivi
omebis~ klasifikaciasac aZlevs. swori enobrivi
politika saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier
kontrolirebad teritoriaze mniSvnelovani garantia
iqneba am konfliqtebis mosagvareblad.

10
1. enobrivi analizis sakuTriv lingvisturi da
sociolingvisturi aspeqtebi

1. 1. sociolingvistika enaTmecnierebis erT-erTi

wamyvani dargia; enaTmecnierebis am dargis ZiriTadi
mizani, amosavali debulebani da kvlevis meTodebi
sociologiasTan pouloben Semxeb wertilebs.
enas, iseve, rogorc nebismier movlenas, orgvari
raoba moepoveba, ori aspeqtiT ganixileba: erTia misi
Sinagani, imanenturi raoba, Sepirobebuli misi formo-
brivi da semantikuri sistemebiTa da struqturebiT; am
struqturaTa maTsave dinamikaSi gamovlena, maT Soris
mizez-Sedegobriv urTierTdamokidebulebaTa garkveva,
maTi cvlilebebisa da ganviTarebis kanonzomierebaTa
dadgena aris enaTmecnierebis, kerZod ki, sakuTriv
lingvistikis ZiriTadi amocana.
meorea enis daniSnulebiTi, pragmatuli mxare.
enis am daniSnulebiTi aspeqtis gansazRvra, enis ga-
moyenebiTi funqciis Seswavla, enis sazogadoebrivi
Rirebulebis garkveva, enis socialur, sazogadoebriv
procesebTan mimarTebis, masze am procesebis zegavle-
nisa da mis mier am procesebis asaxvis kvleva, anu,
zogadad, enis Camoyalibebis, arsebobisa da ganviTare-
bis socialuri Sepirobebulobis Seswavla aqvs miz-
nad sociolingvistikas (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 197).

11
 jer kidev XIX saukunis lingvistebi amtkicebd-
nen, rom SesaZlebelia enis ganviTarebis tendenciis
gonivruli warmarTva. ena saWiroebs gonivrul Care-
vas. misi daxvewisaTvis aucilebelia marTebuli eno-
brivi politikis gamomuSaveba. enaTmecniereba ara
mxolod enaSi arsebul kanonebs unda ikvlevdes, ara-
med aRmoCenil kanonTa safuZvelze warmarTavdes ki-
dec enis Semdgomi ganviTarebis gezs.
Tanamedrove sociolingvistikis pozitiuri mo-
napovrebi SesaZleblobas iZlevian, warmatebiT gada-
wydes es rTuli da mniSvnelovani amocana.
termini `enobrivi situacia~ aRniSnavs enis
gamoyenebis saerTo konfiguracias mocemul drosa da
mocemul adgilze da moicavs iseT monacemebs,
rogorebicaa: ramdeni ena da romeli enebi
(dialeqtebi) gamoiyeneba mocemul arealSi, ramdeni
adamiani laparakobs maTze, ra viTarebaSi, ra
ganwyobebi da damokidebulebebi aqvT mocemuli
sazogadoebis wevrebs am enebis mimarT” (j.
fergiusoni, 1971, gv, 157).
enobrivi politika oficialuri qmedebaa,
romelic cdilobs, Caerios nebismieri tipis enis
(saxelmwifo, regionuli, umciresobaTa, ucxo da
misT.) funqcionirebis sferoSi (magaliTad, weris
sistema, oficialuri enis arCeva) an ganaTlebaSi am

12
enebis adgilis sakiTxebSi. moqalaqeebma an moqalaqeTa
jgufebma, SesaZlebelia, nebayoflobiT gaataron
enobrivi politika saxelmwifo doneze an kerZo
seqtorSi. enebze zemoqmedebas adgili aqvs
konkretuli socialuri situaciebis an movlenaTa
konteqstSi, romelsac is miekuTvneba. Tumca aseTi
enobrivi politika eyrdnoba garkveul principebs
(ekonomika da efeqturoba, erovnuli identuroba,
demokratia da a. S.), rac maT iseT mniSvnelobas
aniWebs, romelic arsebul pirobebs scildeba.
enobrivi politika rigi komponentebiT
Semoifargleba (eris koncefcia, ganaTlebis mizani da
misT.), moqmedi pirebisagan (politikosebi, aqtivistebi,
profkavSiris wevrebi da misT.) da Carevis donisagan
(sakanonmdeblo, maregulirebeli da misT.). enisa da
enis swavlebis sakiTxebis politikuri bunebis
aRiareba aris am sferoSi nebismieri qmedebis
winapiroba, radganac teqnikuri sirTuleebi
(struqturuli, administraciuli, finansuri da misT.),
romlebic mTavrobebma individualurad an erToblivi
moqmedebiT unda daZlion, ver gadailaxeba, sanam
sakiTxebi am principebTan dakavSirebiT ar
dazustdeba.
enobrivi sakiTxebis politikuri bunebis
gagebisadmi zerele midgoma cvalebad xasiaTs atarebs

13
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi da yuradRebas imitom
amaxvileben, rom, miuxedavad saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
misi arsebobisa, Segnebuli Careva enebTan
dakavSirebiT mxolod bolo dros damkvidrda
politikisa da sociolingvistikis sferoSi. faqtia,
rom sociolingvistika codnas aRrmavebs, romlis
gaTvaliswinebac aucilebelia gadawyvetilebis
mimRebisTvis.
zogierTi evropuli politikuri filosofia
gvTavazobs Teorias, romlis mixedviTac saxelmwifo,
erovneba da ena erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli: saxelmwifo ena aris erovnulobis
simbolo da komponenti da, amasTanave, moqalaqeobis
ganmsazRvreli faqtori. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania,
rom is mkafiod ganisazRvros da gamoiyos sxva
enobrivi saxesxvaobebisagan (am terminTa Sesaxeb ix.
qvemoT), romlebic gamoiyeneba mocemul geografiul
teritoriaze. evropis istoriis ganmavlobaSi
TandaTanobiT Seiqmna erovnuli enebis gansazRvrisa
da maTi stabilurobis uzrunvelyofis instrumentebi
(leqsikonebi, gramatika, akademiebi da a. S.). am enobriv
organoebs gaaCniaT oficialuri da/an akademiuri Tu
kulturuli uflebamosileba da avrceleben enobriv
normebs sxva institutebisaTvis, rogoricaa,
upirveles yovlisa, ganaTlebis sistema. saxelmwifo

14
gamonaklisis saxiT am standartuli enobrivi
saxesxvaobis (saxesxvaobebis) kanonierebas mxolod
misi (maTi) gamoyenebis meSveobiT aZlierebs, rasac
moqalaqeebTan da ganaTlebis sferoSi
urTierTobisaTvis nergavs (enobrivi ganaTlebis
politikis ganviTareba evropaSi - saxelmZRvanelo
principebi, 2008, gv. 21).
yvelaze ufro farTod gavrcelebuli
ideologia daibada martivi grZnobidan, rasac
aranairi gansakuTrebuli safuZveli ar gaaCnia _ enebi
erTnairebi ar arian. es ideologia gvaswavlis, rom
enebi arsobrivad araTanabaria maTi Rirebulebis
TvalsazrisiT. es araTanabari mdgomareoba Tavisi
warmoSobiT eTnocentrulia, rac aucilebels xdis
sxvebis mier nalaparakevi enis gakritikebas ama Tu im
konkretuli enisa da jgufis upiratesobis
gasamyareblad. sxva enebi warmodgenilia
arasasiamovno, rudimentul an Zireulad
arasaTanadod daxvewili gamoyenebisaTvis, magaliTad,
literaturuli an mecnieruli gamonaTqvamebisTvis.
termini `enebisadmi damokidebuleba~ mraval-
aspeqtiania. is moicavs kognitur (enebis mimarT Ca-
moyalibebuli damokidebuleba), emociur (grZnoba ene-
bis mimarT), an qceviT (garkveuli enobrivi qcevis mi-
marT midrekileba) komponentebs. amgvarad, enebisadmi

15
damokidebuleba vlindeba iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa
Sefaseba (ramdenad keTilganwyobiT aRiqmeba esa Tu is
ena), enobrivi upiratesoba (mag. romel enas eZleva
upiratesoba ama Tu im miznis misaRwevad an raime
garkveul situaciaSi), arCevis mizanSewoniloba da ama
Tu im enis Seswavlis safuZveli, im socialuri jgu-
febis Sefaseba, romlebic iyeneben erT, an ramdenime
enas, bilingvizmis, an bilingvuri ganaTlebis aucile-
bloba, agreTve Tvalsazrisebi enebis cvlis an arse-
buli enobrivi politikis mimarT.
ar aris aucilebeli, rom urTierTobaTa yvela
models garkveul situaciaSi hqondes calsaxa xasia-
Ti. sinamdvileSi, enobrivi umciresobebis warmomad-
genlebi, rogorc wesi, afaseben ra TavianT enas, ro-
gorc eTnikuri TviTidentifikaciis indikators, amave
dros avlenen negatiur Sexedulebebs misi praqtikuli
gamoyenebisa da socialuri prestiJis mimarT.
xSirad zogierTi ena iTvleba ufro prestiJulad
da aqvs ufro maRali statusi. amave dros, unda gvax-
sovdes, rom yvela droSi ena gvevlineba garkveuli
socialuri jgufis maxasiaTeblad. enis prestiJi, ro-
gorc amas praqtika gviCvenebs, dakavSirebulia ara
TviT enasTan (rogorc lingvistikis kvlevis obieqt-
Tan), aramed socialur klasTan da masze molaparake-
Ta statusTan.

16
 umravlesobis negatiuri damokidebuleba umcire-
sobaTa enebis mimarT xSirad asaxavs maTs damokide-
bulebas am enaze molaparakeTa da ara maTi enis mi-
marT. aseT Sexedulebebs mivyavarT enis socialur
Sefasebamde (romelic eyrdnoba socialur strate-
giebs) da ara zogadad enis Sefasebamde.
miuxedavad amisa, ena TamaSobs sakvanZo rols ama
Tu im socialuri an regionul-eTnikuri erTobis
kuTvnilebis gansazRvraSi. mSobliuri enis Rirebule-
bis grZnoba aris fundamenturi Semadgeneli im adgi-
lis gaazrebisa, romelic adamians ukavia sazogadoe-
baSi. radganac enebi warmoadgens jgufuri kuTvnile-
bis TvalsaCino niSans, isini SeiZleba advilad ga-
daiqcnen am jgufis simbolod. ena SeiZleba iyos in-
dividisa an jgufisTvis is faseuli resursi, romel-
sac sWirdeba gafrTxileba da Senaxva, rac Tavis
asaxvas hpovebs am enis mimarT damokidebulebaSi (p.
riageni, j. ludi, 2008, gv. 29).
swored amitomac iyeneben ukanasknel xanebSi
termins enobrivi saxesxvaoba, raTa Tavidan aicilon
sityva ena, romelic ukve gulisxmobs RirebulebebiT
msjelobas. yvela enobrivi saxesxvaoba SesaZloa im
funqciebis Sesasruleblad aRiWurvos, romelTa
ganxorcielebac maT adre ar moeTxovebodaT.

17
 enobrivi saxesxvaoba es aris termini, romelic
neitraluri, maxasiaTebeli terminia; misi daniSnuleba
is aris, rom Tavidan aviciloT termin enis xmareba,
amasTanave, Tavidan aviciloT faseulobiTi gansja
(ena = realur enas). enobrivi saxesxvaobis nebismieri
gansazRvreba, rogorc Semadgeneli an araSemadgeneli
realuri enisa, efuZneba gare faqtorebs da ara
saxesxvaobis realur (lingvistur) maxasiaTeblebs.
enobrivi saxesxvaobis saxeldeba moicavs socialur
fsonebs individualuri Tu jgufuri
molaparakeebisTvis.
sakuTriv lingvisturi TvalTaxedviT, nebismieri
enobrivi saxesxvaoba, miuxedavad misi socialuri
statusisa, niSanTa sistemaa (f. de sosiuri), romelic
gamoiyeneba adamianTa jgufis mier urTierTobis
safuZvlad, roca yvela ena kacobriobis
damaxasiaTebeli lingvisturi SesaZleblobebis
gamoxatulebaa. Tumca konkretul sazogadoebaSi
enebs sxvadasxva Rirebulebebs miakuTvneben. aseTi
msjeloba, rogorc Cans, efuZneba, Tavis mxriv, enebis
bunebas, magram, faqtobrivad, sazogadoebaSi maTi
funqcionirebis sferoebidan an im xalxis statusidan
gamomdinareobs, romlebic am enaze metyveleben. erTi
enobrivi saxesxvaobis legitimacia meoresTan
SedarebiT mocemul adgilas damokidebulia gare

18
faqtorebze, rac naTlad dadginda sociolingvisturi
kvlevebiT:
 urTierTobis enis gamoyeneba dominanturi
socialuri jgufebis (samxedro, ekonomikuri,
kulturuli, religiuri, mecnieruli, simboluri
an elitaruli) an centraluri mTavrobis mier;
 standartizacia werilobiTi formiT, gramatikiT,
leqsikonebiTa da misT;
 enobrivi saxesxvaobis istoriuli dakanoneba,
romelic ama Tu im teritoriis kulturul jgufs
ganekuTvneba da maTi Tundac mcire nawilis
identurobis gamovlenis aRiarebaa;
 kulturuli legitimacia, rac miRweulia
literaturuli, xelovnebis, samecniero,
filosofiuri, religiuri da sxva naSromebiT;
 Sesaswavli enis statusi da misi roli - rogorc
swavlebis ena, romelzec saskolo da
sauniversiteto sagnebi iswavleba.

1. 2. sxva enebisa da maTze molaparakeTa Sesaxeb

sakmaod saziano mosazrebebi SeiZleba wamoiwios
enebis klasificirebisas, maTi daxasiaTebiT (enebs
aRiqvamen, rogorc met-naklebad gasagebs, martivs,
rogorc mdidar, lamaz enebs da misT.) an maTi
gamoyenebisas garkveuli miTiTebiT erovnuli enebis

19
`aqcentiT” laparakze `dabal fenaSi” an
`vulgarulad~, `arasworad~ da misT. magaliTad,
zogierTi emigranti bavSvi ambobs, rom mas SeuZlia
mxolod erT enobriv saxesxvaobaze laparaki _
magaliTad, maspinZeli qveynis saxelmwifo enaze,; es
imitom, rom maT ganicades mZlavri zewola, romlis
mixedviTac maTi mSoblebis ena ar iTvleba `namdvil~
enad iq, sadac isini axla cxovroben.
enis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, Tavis mxriv, maTs
aRiarebaze momuSave jgufis umTavresi sakiTxia:
konkretul regionul dialeqts surs miiRos aRiareba,
rogorc srulyofil enas, romelsac aqvs
legitimaciis ufleba. es enobrivi ideologia mediasa
da politikur msjelobebSi isev sakmaod cocxalia,
Tumca, iseT formebSi, romlebic naklebad saxifaToa,
vidre winaT iyo. aSkaraa, rom aman SesaZloa
migviyvanos enobriv Seuwynareblobamde (enobrivi
ganaTlebis politikis ganviTareba evropaSi -
saxelmZRvanelo principebi30).
Tu isev individualuri momxmareblis
TvalTaxedviT iqneba gamokvleuli, enobriv
saxesxvaobaTa funqciebis klasificireba SeiZleba
moxdes maTi mniSvnelobis an gamoyenebis sferoebis
mixedviT.
termini Cveulebrivi (an ZiriTadi) ena
gamoyenebuli iqneba yvela an yvelaze mniSvnelovan
komunikaciur situaciebSi enebTan mimarTebiT

20
(samsaxuris, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisa da a. S.) da es
iqneba Sedarebuli im saxesxvaobebTan, romlebic
gamoiyeneba calkeul SemTxvevebSi an erT konkretul
sferoSi (magaliTad, ojaxis ena). termini dominanti
ena gamoyenebuli iqneba am mniSvnelobiT, raTa
mivmarToT enobriv saxesxvaobebs, romlebSic metyveli
yvelaze kompetenturia; magaliTad, komunikaciis
zogad an calkeul saxeobebSi. Tumca es termini
ganekuTvneba enobrivi saxesxvaobis gansakuTrebul
socialur statussac (enobrivi ganaTlebis politikis
ganviTareba evropaSi - saxelmZRvanelo principebi,
gv. 62); saqarTveloSi sabWouri gadmonaSTis saxiT
arsebuli specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, zogierT
regionSi (mag. qvemo qarTlSi, javaxeTSi) saWirod
migvaCnia termin hiperdominanturis gamoyeneba
(samwuxarod, rusuli ena jer kidev am statusiT
sargeblobs).

1. 3. enaTa nomenklatura akademiuri da

politikuri debatebis sagania (maT Soris, rogorc
zemoT iTqva - TviT sityva `enac~). sasurvelia
gadaidgas nabijebi terminologiis CamoyalibebisTvis,
sul mcire, enaTa tipebis gansazRvrisTvis (mSobliuri
ena, ucxo, meore ena da sxv. Tumca, yvela am

21
kategoriis obieqturi gansazRvra SeuZlebelia.
magaliTad, pirovnebis ena (language of identity) (agreTve
cnobili, rogorc enobrivi vinaoba (linguistic identity),
SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc memkvidruli ena
(heritage language); magram es ufro viwro terminia da
mxolod imigrantTa jgufebisTvisaa arsebiTi.
winamdebare kvlevis erT-erTi mizani swored am
koncefciis ganmartebaa. am mizniT, gadavwyviteT
aRgvewera ara mxolod enaTa roli pirovnebis
formirebaSi, aramed is, Tu saerTo socialur-
kulturuli fonis pirobebSi enobrivi
maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT rogor axasiaTeben
adamianebi sakuTar Tavs (TviTkategorizacia) an
rogor axasiaTeben maT sxvebi (heterokategorizacia)
(J. beko, 2008, gv. 8)
imisaTvis, rom enebis gamoyeneba davaxasiaToT,
SesaZlebeli unda iyos visaubroT saerTo
kategorizaciaze, romelic SeZlebisdagvarad
obieqturadaa dawesebuli. Cven viciT, rom, Tavis
mxriv, ukve enaTa saxeldeba ideologiuri arCevania:
`enebad~ saxeldebas da Sesabamis gansazRvrebebs
individebisa da jgufebisaTvis socialuri da
politikuri elferi eZleva. aqedan gamomdinare, es ar
aris bunebrivi arCevani terminebs Soris dialeqti da
ena, regionuli enebi da mkvidri enebi, arc terminebi
mSobliuri ena, dedaena da erovnuli ena arian
urTierTSemcvlelni (enobrivi ganaTlebis politikis

22
ganviTareba evropaSi - saxelmZRvanelo principebi,
2008, gv. 59).

2. mSobliuri ena, dedaena, erovnuli ena

pirveli ena aris akademiuri termini, romelic

gamoiyeneba zogadad mSobliuri enis aRsaniSnad. es

23
aris enobrivi saxesxvaoba (saxesxvaobebi), romelic
SeZenilia adreul bavSvobaSi, ori-sami wlis asakamde.
am saxesxvaobas gansakuTrebuli statusi aqvs
bavSvisaTvis, ramdenadac bavSvi TavisiT aRmoaCens
samyaros adreuli socializaciis periodSi:
lingvisturi urTierToba sxva molaparakeebTan
aucilebelia normaluri ganviTarebisaTvis. bavSvi
lingvisturi `wesebis~ gacnobierebasa da SeTvisebas
iwyebs mis uSualo garemoSi da, amave dros, iZens
komunikaciuri qcevis wesebs (magaliTad, vis, rogor
da rodis unda miesalmos?). es aris saxesxvaoba,
romelSic adamianis enobrivi niWi pirvelad
gamovlindeba bunebriv enaze. pirveli ena ar aris
yovelTvis mSoblis ena (mSobliuri ena).
mSobliuri ena yoveldRiurad gamosayenebeli
terminia, romelsac, amis miuxedavad, aqvs emociuri
qveteqsti. ufro metic, is yovelTvis koreqtuli ar
aris, radgan bavSvebi pirvel enas SeiZenen ara
mxolod maTi dedebisagan, aramed maT SeuZliaT
SeiZinon ramdenime ena (ori an meti) erTdroulad
mravalenovan ojaxur garemoSi; mkvidri ena da
STamomavlobis ena aseve, xSirad gamoiyeneba am
mniSvnelobiT, magram maT msgavsi asociaciebi aqvT
jgufTan, romelsac miiCneven, rom miekuTvnebian.
mkvidri ena (an endemuri ena): enis saxesxvaoba,

24
romelic gamoiyeneba geografiul teritoriaze,
romelic iTvleba rom aris istoriuli gamoyenebis
Sedegi, axlad Camosuli emigrantebis enis
sapirispirod. es ukanaskneli saxesxvaobebi
SesaZlebelia ar ekuTvnodnen igive enobriv ojaxebs,
rogoricaa regionuli da/an oficialuri
saxesxvaobebi Sesabamis teritoriaze.
enobrivi saxesxvaobisTvis, romliTac SesaZloa
ganisazRvros ama Tu im wevris mikuTvneba jgufisadmi,
aucilebeli sulac araa pirveli enis povniereba,
aramed, SesaZloa, es iyos mogvianebiT SeZenili
saxesxvaoba (cnobili qarTveli mwerlis – daviT
kldiaSvilis magaliTi, romelmac mSobliuri –
qarTuli ena zrdasrul asakSi Seiswavla) (enobrivi
ganaTlebis politikis ganviTareba evropaSi -
saxelmZRvanelo principebi).
saintereso mimarTebaa qarTul sinamdvileSi
terminebs `mSobliuri enasa~ da `dedaenas~ Soris.
evropul enaTmecnierebaSi mSobliuri enis
aRsaniSnavad metwilad gamoiyeneba dedis semantikis
momcveli Sesityvebani (ing. Mother tongue, germ.
Muttersprache, Sved. Modersmål, frang. La langue maternelle,
esp. La lengua materna, qarT. dedaena da a. S.); amave
mniSvnelobiT (praqtikulad, rogorc sinonims)
ganixilaven termins mSobliuri ena (ing. Native

25
language, rus. родной язык, qarT. mSobliuri ena);
aRsaniSnavia, rom omis Semdgom germaniaSi gaimarTa
seriozuli diskusiac ki, sadac ganixileboda
istoriuli `dedaenis~ ufro `adekvaturi~, naTargmni
`mSobliuri eniT~ (an – bazisuri eniT) Canacvlebis
Taobaze. germaniaSi sruliad gansxvavebuli iyo
motivi – nacionalizmSi dadanaSauleba (g. ramiSvili,
2000, 70); am mxriv gansakuTrebuli situaciaa qarTul
sinamdvileSi.
dedaena ganisazRvreba, rogorc RviZli ena,
romelic pirovnebis identobis ganmsazRvrelia,
miuxedavad imisa bavSvobidan aiTvisa igi Tu ara.
rogorc zemoT iTqva, evropul enebSic moipoveba
SinaarsiTa da formiT msgavsi leqsema, magram,
istoriuli sinamdvilidan gamomdinare, isini ufro
kninobiTi elferis matareblebi arian da
tradiciulad qalebis, bavSvebisa da sazogadoebis
sxva, wera-kiTxvis ucodinari wevrebis metyvelebaze
miuTiTebs; qarTulSi ki igi mTavar enas aRniSnavs (g.
ramiSvili, 2000, gv. 9; z. kikviZe, 2004, gv. 206-212. n.
denisoni, 1986, d. patanaiaki, 2003, gv. 23-28).
dedaenis ganmartebisas xazi esmeva terminis so-
ciologiur daniSnulebas: `dedaena mTavar enas niS-
navs da ara visime enas (sociologiis obieqtia da ara
individualuri fsiqologiisa)~ - ix. g. ramiSvili,

26
2000, gv. 9); dedaena aris winaprebis mier Seqmnili
kulturis ena, romelic, rogorc samyaros xedva-
aRqmis sistema, mraval Taobas aerTianebs. dedaena
mTavari enaa da ara maincdamainc biologiuri mSo-
blis ena (t. futkaraZe, 2005, 324).
rogorc Cans, aris mcdeloba, termin `dedaenas~
gansakuTrebuli funqciebi daekisros (iseTi, rac, ma-
galiTad, ar aqvs inglisur Mother tongue-s) da amas
aqvs garkveuli obieqturi wanamZRvaric: aRsaniSnavia
erTi mniSvnelovani faqti – XIX saukunis bolos
swored am saxelwodebiT (deda ena) daibeWda i.
gogebaSvilis mier Sedgenili saxelmZRvanelo,
romliTac mTeli qarTveli eri iwyebda mSobliuri
enis Seswavlas da SemTxveviTi ar aris qarTvel
mecnierTa Soris gavrcelebuli mosazreba, rom `sam-
wignobro qarTuli (igive saliteraturo qarTuli) –
dedaenas uigivdeba~ (t. futkaraZe, 2005, 61).
TavisTavad, Tuki mSobliuri enis tradiciuli ga-
gebiT mivudgebiT (es aris ena, romlis meSveobiTac
bavSvi lingvisturi `wesebis~ gacnobierebasa da
SeTvisebas iwyebs mis uSualo garemoSi da, amave
dros, iZens komunikaciuri qcevis wesebs), tolobis
niSnis dasma terminebs saliteraturo enasa da
mSobliur enas (dedaenas) Soris SeuZlebelia;
maSasadame, cxadia, rom termins - dedaena dRes ukve

27
SeZenil-SeTvisebuli aqvs damatebiTi funqciebi, rac
termin mSobliuri enisaTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli.
kidev ufro meti kiTxvis niSnebi daismis termin
erovnul enasTan dakavSirebiT; qarTul
saenaTmecniero literaturaSi mas orgvarad
ganmartaven:
1. `yvela erovnuli ena amave dros
saliteraturo enac aris~ (arn. Ciqobava);
2. `erovnul enas qmnis erToblioba im enobrivi
movlenebisa da maTSi monawile elementebisa,
romlebic saerToa yvela (an umetesi wili)
teritoriuli da socialuri dialeqtebisa
da agreTve zedialeqturi warmonaqmnisTvis
saliteraturo ena ki efuZneba am saerTo mo-
nacems da mis normirebul, daxvewil saxes
warmoadgens~ (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 150)
b. de kurtenes ganmartebiT, `erovnuli / tomo-
brivi ena warmoadgens garkveuli raodenobis indi-
vidTa metyvelebis tolqmeds~ (b. de kurtene, 1963, gv.
76). am definiciis mixedviT metad rTulia erovnuli
enis mimarTebis dadgena iseT terminebTan, rogoricaa
mSobliuri ena, dedaena, saliteraturo ena. vfiqrobT,
Cveni Semdgomi sociolingvisturi kvlevebisTvis gamo-
viyenoT akademiuri termini pirveli ena, romelic
zustad (yovelgvari emociuri Tu politikuri faqto-

28
rebisgan Tavisufali) asaxavs pirovnebis Tu pirovne-
baTa garkveuli jgufis mier am fenomenis mflobelo-
bas (igulisxmeba enis floba, rac sxvaobs terminisgan
enis swavla – ix. qvemoT).

3. meore ena, ucxo ena;

bilingvizmi da diglosia

3. 1. termini meore ena gamoiyeneba im enobrivi

saxesxvaobebisTvis, romelTa aTvisebac bavSvobaSi ki

29
ar xdeba, aramed - mogvianebiT: amis gamo, yvela sxva
ena, garda pirveli enisa (romelzec mozardi iwyebs
azrovnebas), unda moviazroT meore, mesame da a. S.
enebadY maTi SeZenis Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT. pirveli
enis (enebis) SeZenis Semdeg SeZenili enebi SesaZloa
sxvadasxva saxis iyos, aqedan didi terminologiuri
mravalferovneba momdinareobs.
SesaZlebelia eseni iyvnen saxesxvaobebi, romlebic
mudmivad da umeteswilad garkveul garemoSi
funqcionireben da maTi SeZena SesaZlebelia maTTan
kontaqtiT, oficialuri swavlebis gareSe. es xSirad
regionuli enebis SemTxvevaSi xdeba. magram aseTi
saxesxvaobebi SesaZloa iswavlebodes spontanuri
dauflebis paralelurad: asea migrantebisa da maTi
bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi, romelTaTvisac maspinZeli
qveynis ena ar aris pirveli ena, romelic
avtomaturad Seiswavleba da / an institucionaluri
swavlebis farglebSia. meore ena exeba ara mxolod
dauflebis Tanmimdevrobas, aramed saxesxvaobis
sociolingvistur statuss, romelic SesaZloa
TamaSobdes enobrivi komunikaciebis rols, ZiriTadad
warmodgenili iyos mediaSi da sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi (ufro xSirad, vidre ojaxuri garemos
gareT, amis gamo) da isic swavlebis enaa.

30
 aucilebelia gaimijnos meore enisa da ucxo enis
statusebi: termini ucxo enebi xSirad gamoiyeneba,
raTa movixsenioT enobrivi saxesxvaobebi, romelTa
swavleba SesaZloa naklebi motivaciiT iyos
gamowveuli: kerZod, Semswavlelebi ar arian im
saxesxvaobebTan kontaqtSi, an arian mxolod
virtualur an SezRudul formebSi (kino, televizia,
im qveynebSi vizitebi, sadac isini gamoiyeneba da
misT.). amis gamo, isini, SesaZloa, naklebad
aTviTcnobierebdnen maTs moTxovnilebebs ucxo enebze
- isini Cveulebrivi skolis sagnebad miiCneven da
romlebSic yovelTvis ara maTi faqtobrivi daufleba,
aramed maTi Sefasebaa (testebi, gamocdebi) miRwevebis
damadasturebeli; es aris arsebiTi ganmasxvavebeli
meore enasa da ucxo enas Soris: meore enas
Semswavleli eufleba, SeiTvisebs; ucxo enas –
swavlobs, rogorc sagans (aqedan gamomdinareobs
meTodikuri midgomebisa da swavlebis strategiebis
arsebiTi sxvaobac)...
sityva ucxo absoluturia imiT, riTac is xazs
usvams gare samyarosTan sxvaobas. faqtobrivad ucxod
cnobili enebi, SesaZloa, met-naklebad axlos idges
mSobliurTan, met-naklebad advili an rTuli iyos
saswavlad. es aris termini, romelic gamoyenebulia
Cveulebriv msjelobaSi, raTa gamovxatoT sxva

31
sazogadoebebTan an qveynebTan kulturuli da
lingvisturi siSore. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom
mniSvnelovani kulturuli gansxvavebebi xSirad
gagebulia xelixelCakidebuli enebis sirTuleebad,
romlebic gamoiyeneba aseTi kulturuli jgufebis
mier. piriqiT, erTi da imave wyarodan warmoSobili,
kulturulad axlo mdgomi enebi (magaliTad,
semituri, romanuli da slavuri enebi) SeiZleba
ucxod miviCnioT. pirvel enasa da yvela sxva enas
Soris manZili SesaZloa mcired iyos miCneuli, Tuki,
sul mcire, urTierTgagebineba iqneba SesaZlebeli maT
Soris da / Tu maTi molaparake jgufebi kulturulad
axlos mdgomadaa Sefasebuli (enobrivi ganaTlebis
politikis ganviTareba evropaSi - saxelmZRvanelo
principebi, 2008, gv. 62).

3. 2. XIX saukunis bolos erT-erTi cnobili in-

gliseli profesori amtkicebda: `bavSvs rom hqonoda
saSualeba, erTnairad scodnoda ori ena, es iqneboda
metad cudi ram, vinaidan aseTi bavSvis inteleqtua-
luri da sulieri ganviTareba warimarTeboda ara Tu

32
orjer swrafad, aramed orjer ufro nela. aRniSnul
garemoebebSi gonebrivi ganviTarebis formireba da xa-
siaTis Camoyalibeba sakmaod Seferxdeboda~. amasTa-
nave, erovnuli politikis wamyvani ideologia Tvli-
da, rom erovnuli sazRvrebi bunebrivad emTxveva mo-
nolingvur enobriv teritoriebs: ori erovnebis mata-
rebloba ki eWvs iwvevda. orenovnebi (bilingvalebi)
iTvlebodnen potenciur moRalateebad: nebismieri
adamiani, romelic or an met kulturas miekuTvneboda,
ar unda yofiliyo sando, vinaidan amosavlad miCneu-
li iyo is, rom adamiani unda yofiliyo erTenovani,
mravalenovneba ki iTvleboda RvTis risxvad, romelic
kacobriobas sdevs babilonis godolis droidan.
msgavsi stereotipebi Cvens droSi moZvelebulad
(SeiZleba iTqvas – saxifaTodac) aRiqmeba. dRes mra-
valenovneba funqcionalurad ganisazRvreba, rogorc
komunikaciis damyarebis unari or an met enaze kompe-
tenciis donis, enis dauflebis xerxis, asakisa da
enebs Soris im fsiqolingvisturi kavSirebis miuxeda-
vad, romlebic Sedis molaparakis repertuarSi (p.
riageni, j. ludi, 2008, gv. 5).
Cveulebriv, adamianebi erT da zogjer erTze
met enas euflebian mcire asakSive (socializaciis
procesSi). enis aseTi daufleba aris fundamenturi
elementi erTi an ufro meti socialuri da

33
kulturuli jgufisadmi mikuTvnebis grZnobis
ganviTarebisa. aqedan gamomdinare, enis daufleba
moicavs kulturuli kompetenturobis SeZenas da
sxvebTan erTad cxovrebis unaris gamomuSavebas.
mravalenovani repertuaris ganvrcoba mTeli
sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi aseve gulisxmobs sxva
kulturebisa da kulturuli jgufebis Semdgom
ganviTarebas, ramac individs SeiZleba axlad SeZenil
enaze molaparake sazogadoebasTan dakavSirebisken
ubiZgos. sxva enaze molaparake jgufebTan dakavSireba
damokidebulia ara mxolod SeZenil enaze, aramed
mraval sxva individualur da socialur faqtorebze
da aq CarTuli swavlis formaze.
aqedan gamomdinare, mravalenovani repertuaris
SeZena cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi asocirdeba garemos
kulturuli kompleqsurobis codnis ganviTarebasTan,
romelic Cans rogorc evropul qveynebSi, aseve maT
Sorisac. es codna SesaZlebelia asocirdes
kulturuli kompetenciis cvlilebasTan. pirovnebebma
SeiZleba SeZlon sxvebTan erTad cxovreba axal
enobriv garemoSi da, amis Sedegad, SeZlon sxva
jgufebis faseulobebisa da qcevis gageba.
sadac adgili aqvs aseT cvlilebebs,
pirovnebebma unda gaigon da gamoscadon sxva enisa da
sxva kulturis xalxTa cxovrebis Tundac ramdenime

34
aspeqti. es imasac niSnavs, rom maT aqvT SesaZlebloba,
gaigon sxvagvari cxovreba da ganumarton maT, vinc
sxvagvarad cxovrobs. es kulturaTSorisi kompetencia
Zalian mniSvnelovania sxvadasxva jgufis ormxrivi
gagebis gasaviTareblad da yvela saxis
kulturaTSorisi mediatoris rols TamaSobs,
mogzaurTa gidobidan - maswavleblobamde,
diplomatobamde da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare,
kulturaTSorisi kompetenturoba da
kulturaTSorisi Suamdgomlobis SesaZlebloba enis
swavlebis mizania, rac mravalenovan individebs
saSualebas aZlevs, SeiZinon cxovrebis unarebi
mravalenovan garemoSi, iseT garemoSi, rogorsac
sTavazobs maT Tanamedrove evropa. mniSvnelovania
sxva enis xalxebTan da kulturebTan urTierToba
ormxrivi mxardaWeris konteqstSi politikur
sazRvrebSi da mis sapirispirod, romelic ayalibebs
demokratiuli moqalaqeobriobis aqtivobebs (enobrivi
ganaTlebis politikis ganviTareba evropaSi -
saxelmZRvanelo principebi, 2008, gv. 42).
orenovneba (bilingvizmi) – es aris ori (an
ramdenime) enis gamoyeneba erTi da imave enobrivi
erTobis wevrTa mier sxvadasxva sakomunikacio
situaciaSi (Tumca jer kidev leonard blumfildi
masSi ori an meti enis mSobliuris darad flobas

35
gulisxmobda). orenovneba zogjer mTels
saxelmwifosTan mimarTebaSi ixmareba, zogjer
romelime sazogadoebasTan mimarTebaSi, zogjer ki
sulac im individis mimarT, romelic erT, or an met
enas flobs. hainc klosi gaxldaT pirveli, vinac
mkveTrad gamijna erTmaneTisagan orenovneba da
mravalenovneba erovnul da individualur doneebze.
orenovneba zogjer ixmareba ganzogadebuli,
mravalenovnebis mniSvneobiT (j. fiSmani, 1968, gv. 21-50;
h. klosi, 1966, gv. 135-145; u. vainraixi, 1968)
termini bilingvizmi Tavis TavSi (amosavali
fuZiseuli lingva) moicavs enis gagebas; amerikelma
enaTmecnierma, Carlz fergiusonma individis an
individTa jgufis mier ori an meti enobrivi
saxesxvaobis flobis sociolingvistur movlenas sxva,
vfiqrobT, ufro neitraluri da adekvaturi
saxeldeba gamouZebna - diglosia.
Carlz fergiusonis mier Tavdapirvelad
SemoTavazebuli ganmarteba ase JRers: `diglosia
warmoadgens SedarebiT stabilur enobriv situacias,
romelSic enis pirvelads dialeqtebTan (maT Soris
SeiZleba iyos enobrivi standarti an regionaluri
standartebi) erTad arsebobs Zalian gansxvavebuli,
uaRresad kodificirebuli (xSirad gramatikulad
Zalian rTuli) varianti, romelic umeteswilad

36
samwerlo enad gamoiyeneba an gamoiyeneboda an wina
periodSi an sxva sametyvelo erTobaSi, da romelsac
ZiriTadad iTviseben saswavlo dawesebulebebSi da
gamoiyeneba weriTi da oficialuri miznebiT, oRond
ar moixmareba sazogadoebis romelime fenis mier
yoveldRiuri urTierTobebisas” (fergiusoni, 1959, gv.
336). igive avtori mogvianebiT sxva publikaciaSi kidev
gvTavazobs diglosiis ganmartebas: `erTi da imave
enis ori an meti saxesxvaoba, romlebic gamoiyeneba
zogierTi molaparakis mier zogierT garemoSi. . . enis
ori saxesxvaoba, romlebic Tanaarseboben mocemul
sazogadoebaSi da TamaSoben garkveul rolebs~ (j.
fergiusoni, 1971, gv. 11).
diglosiis, rogorc sociolingvisturi situaciis,
farglebSi enobrivi qceva erTgvar sferoebadaa
gadanawilebuli; es sferoebi erTmaneTTan ierarqiul
mimarTebaSi imyofebian: gamoiyofa maRali (H) da
dabali (L) sferoebi. (C. fergiusoni, 1959; gv. 325-340; d.
jardeli, 1982, gv. 15-25). miuxedavad semantikuri
siaxlovisa da arcTu mkveTrad gamoxatuli gamijvnis
kriteriumebisa, vfiqrobT, bilingvizmisa da
diglosiis gamijvna garkveul SemTxvevebSi
aucilebelia; gansakuTrebiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli
enobrivi situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT; sxva ierarqiuli
mimarTeba arsebobs, magaliTad, somxur enasa da

37
qarTul enas (saxelmwifo ena) Soris (klasikuri
bilingvizmis magaliTi) am or enis mflobeli
adgilobrivi mosaxlisTvis da gansxvavebuli
mimarTebaa svanuri Tu zanurenovani mosaxlisTvis
pirvel enasa da qarTuls Soris: am mimarTebas,
vfiqrobT, diglosiis kvalifikacia unda mieces.

4. saxelmwifo ena; dominanti ena;

enobrivi umciresobebi

saxelmwifo ena enobrivi saxesxvaobaa, romelsac

aqvs konstituciiT an sxva legaluri instrumentebiT
sanqcirebuli roli saxelmwifosa da moqalaqeebs
Soris sakomunikacio enis saxiT (saxelisuflo

38
struqturebi, iuridiuli sistema, skolebi da a. S.).
es gulisxmobs, rom kerZo komunikaciebSi moqalaqeebs
SeuZliaT gamoiyenon nebismieri enobrivi saxesxvaoba.
magram, xSir SemTxvevaSi, oficialuri ena (enebi) aris
(arian) mosaxleobis ricxobrivad an socialurad
mniSvnelovani nawilis mSobliuri ena, Tumca,
magaliTad, dasavleT evropuli qveynebis yofil
koloniebSi es roli SesaZloa iTamaSos enobrivma
saxesxvaobam (rogorc wesi, kolonizatoris ena),
romelic ar aris arc erTi jgufis mSobliuri ena.
erovnul saxelmwifoebSi (miuxedavad imisa, arian
Tu ara federaluri mowyobisa), oficialuri ena
SesaZloa identurobis anu erovnul sazogadoebasTan
gawevrianebis faqtori gaxdes,. saxelmwifo ena
yovelTvis ar emTxveva moqalaqeobas (Tu inglisurad
laparakobT, ar niSnavs, rom xarT avstraliis
moqalaqe; frangulad da flamandiurad molaparake
belgielebi erTi da imave saxelmwifos moqalaqeebi
arian), Tundac rom oficialuri saxesxvaobis codna
savaldebulo iyos maTTvis, vinc iTxovs moqalaqeobas.
amis gamo, termini saxelmwifo ena, aris ufro
emociurad datvirTuli, vidre oficialuri ena
(enobrivi ganaTlebis politikis ganviTareba evropaSi
- saxelmZRvanelo principebi, 2008, gv. 64)

39
 termini dominanti ena ganekuTvneba saxesxvaobas,
romelsac ufro maRali legaluri an socialuri
statusi aqvs sxva saxesxvaobebTan SedarebiT mocemul
geografiul teritoriaze. upiratesoba SeiZleba
gavrceldes saxelmwifoSi an exebodes imave
saxelmwifos mxolod erT regions. es upiratesoba ar
gaizomeba mxolod molaparakeTa ricxviT. adgili,
romelsac sazogadoeba mianiWebs saxesxvaobebs,
romelTac aqvT aseTi statusi, gvkarnaxobs, rom
Seswavlili unda iyos sxva saxeobebisadmi sivrcis
gamoyofis saTanadooba da am sivrcis maxasiaTeblebi.
enobriv umciresobad iwodeba ena, romelzec
laparakobs mosaxleobis garkveuli jgufi qveynis
teritoriis nawilze da romelsac SesaZloa ki
hqondes oficialuri statusi, magram, SesaZloa, es ar
iyos oficialuri an legaluri enis statusi.
termini enobrivi umciresoba ganekuTvneba enobriv
saxesxvaobebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba (rogorc pirveli,
ise meore ena) garkveuli jgufebis mier; es jgufebi
TavianT Tavs gansxvavebulad miiCneven maTi
teritoriis, religiis, cxovrebis wesis an nebismieri
sxva maxasiaTeblis gamo da aregulireben TavianT
gansxvavebas ufro didi sazogadoebis farglebSi.
xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom enobrivi umciresoba
aris kvantitatiuri da araviTar SemTxvevaSi

40
kvalitatiuri termini; aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
enobrivi umciresobis statusi zogjer calsaxad ar
Seesabameba raodenobriv kriteriums: garkveul
geografiul teritoriaze an sazogadoebaSi aseTi
saxesxvaobebi SesaZloa farTod iyvnen gavrcelebuli
an aqtiurad gamoyenebuli. statusi ganekuTvneba
uflebebs, romlebiTac es jgufebi ar sargebloben:
sasamarTloSi gamoyeneba, legaluri an
administraciuli dokumentebis warmoeba, ganaTlebaSi
pirvel enad (rogorc dawyebiT skolaSi, ise
universitetebSi) gamoyeneba, funqcionireba erovnul
mediaSi, sagzao niSnebSi da misT.
enobrivi umciresobebis warmoSoba gansxvavebulia
da, amis gamo, garkveul politikur problemas
(enobrivi politikis problemas) warmoadgens. kerZod,
rodesac is exeba maT mogvarebas da ganaTlebis
sistemis cvlilebaze diskusiebsa da molaparakebebs
ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi SeTavazeba skolebSi.
magram enobrivi umciresobebis arseboba warmoSobs
erT mniSvnelovan problemas: kerZod, maT
gaTvaliswinebasTan da ganaTlebis sistemis
politikaSi CarTvasTan dakavSirebiT - unda
Caanacvlon Tu ara am umciresobaTa saxesxvaobebma
saxelmwifo ena nawilobriv, Tu darCnen mxolod
instruqciis (swavlebis procesSi maswavlebelsa da

41
moswavles Soris araformaluri komunikaciis)
enebad? unda hqondeT Tu ara saswavlo programebSi
raime statusi? unda iyos Tu ara isini xelmisawvdomi
mxolod meorad ganaTlebaSi? unda xdebodes Tu ara
am enaTa mecnieruli Seswavla da popularizacia? es
sakiTxebi uRresad sensitiuria, Tumca, es ar niSnavs
imas, rom problema ar arsebobs da unda xdebodes
misi ignorireba.

5. enobrivi TviTidentifikacia da
heteroidentifikacia

ena, religiasa da teritoriasTan erTad, erT-

erTi resursia. Tumca, ganviTarebuli evropis
formireba ver moxdeba imave modeliT, romliTac

42
yalibdeboda saxelmwifoebi me-19 saukuneSi: ar aris
mkafio, rom SesaZlo Tanxvedra advilad moxdes iseTi
saerTo istoriuli Rirebulebebis safuZvelze,
rogoricaa religiuri memkvidreoba, individualuri
morali da individualizmi an saerTo politikuri
idealebi, romlebic jer kidev sakmaod Sorsaa xalxis
Cveulebrivi yofisgan. zemoT aRniSnuli gamoiwvevs
raime sxva Rirebulebebis Ziebas, romlebzec SeiZleba
aigos kulturuli cnobiereba. M
enis meSveobiT identifikaciis sakiTxis
Seswavla mxolod identobis formirebis procesis
konteqstSi unda moxdes. es procesi ki, dRevandeli
evropis SemTxvevaSi, mxolod sawyis etapzea. EsakiTxis
am konteqstSi Seswavla mniSvnelovania, rameTu ena
aris potenciuri meqanizmi identifikaciisa da, amave
dros, mniSvnelovani faqtori pirovnebaSi garkveuli
jgufisadmi kuTvnilebis Sida da gare
faqtorebis Camosayalibeblad. Tuki evropaSi
komunikaciis saSualeba gaxdeba erTi romelime ena, es
konkretuli ze-ena iqceva evropis saidentifikacio
enad, rameTu evropis gaerTianebis formireba win
uswrebda am teritoriaze araerTi uZvelesi erisa Tu
regionuli warmonaqmnis formireba.
enis rolis ganxilvisas, evropuli cnobierebis
da kuTvnilebis formirebisas, rogorc adre

43
aRvniSneT, mniSvnelovania gakeTdes Zalian viwro
fokusi enis meSveobiT kulturuli identobis
formirebaze da ara imaze Tu ra gavlenas axdens
enobrivi identoba koleqtiuri kuTvnilebis
formirebaze. am konteqstSi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia is,
multikulturuli evropis sivrceSi identifikaciis
ra formebma SeiZleba gauwios konkurencia
demokratiuli moqalaqeobrivi kuTvnilebis
instituts. Aam konteqstSi ori tipis identifikaciis
forma iqneba ganxiluli, romlebic gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisgan aqtiurobis xarisxiT:
1) identifikacia enis meSveobiT da
2) identifikacia ramdenime enis saSualebiT
(enobrivi repertuari) (J. beko, 2008, gv. 12).
identobis ena: enis saxesxvaoba, romelzec
SesaZloa laparakobdnen Tavisuflad, iSviaTad an
Tundac arasdros, magram romelic funqcionirebs
rogorc mikuTvnebis dasadgeni saSualeba (simboluri,
emociuri) xalxis mocemul sazogadoebaSi an jgufSi.
am saxesxvaobis Rirebuleba xalxs xSirad umcirebs
sxva enebis Rirebulebas maT repertuarSi.
enis meSveobiT identifikacia kulturuli iden-
tifikaciis farTod gavrcelebuli formaa, radgan ena
aris piris ama Tu im jgufisadmi mikuTvnebis indika-
tori. Tumca enis meSveobiT identifikacia aris ufro

44
metad artifaqti da ara moulodneloba koleqtiuri
identobis formirebis procesSi, radgan is ugulebe-
lyofs istoriul realobebs. magaliTad, Ggalebs
gviani mecxramete saukunis istorikosebma mianiWes um-
niSvnelovanesi roli frangebis erovnuli cnobiere-
bis formirebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom franguli
erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebis sawyisi sakmaod
mravalferovania (mravaleTnikuri da mravalenovania).
mxolod erTi enis gamoyeneba, rogor identifikaciis
maxasiaTeblisa, warmoadgens mcdelobas, ugulebe-
lyofil iqnes an daknindes realuri lingvisturi
mravalferovneba. enobrivi identobis erTferovan
procesad warmodgena aris mizanmimarTuli mcdeloba,
moxdes lingvisturi realobis ignorireba (J. beko,
2008, gv. 13).
identifikaciis ena, es iqneba TviTidentifikacia
Tu heteroidentifikacia, Cveulebriv, aris mSobliuri
ena. erTi SexedviT, termini `mSobliuri ena~ sakmaod
erTmniSvnelovania, Tumca, realurad arc ise martiv
terminTan gvaqvs saqme (ix. zemoT, Tavi 2). praqtiku-
lad, bavSvi pirvel enad eufleba rogorc dedis,
aseve mamis enas; Tu mSoblebs aqvT erTi saerTo mSo-
bliuri ena an ena, romlis saSualebiTac mSoblebi
axdenen komunikacias erTmaneTSi - problema ar Cans.
Tumca, zogjer mSoblebi an mSoblebis mSoblebi,

45
ufros debi an Zmebi floben mets, vidre erT enas,
romlis meSveobiTac isini axdenen komunikacias da es
enebi yovelTvis ar aris ojaxis am wevrTa mSobliuri
(pirveli) enebi. erTi ram naTelia, rom `mSobliuri
ena~ yvelaze xelmisawvdomia identifikaciis mizne-
bisTvis, radgan STamomavlobisTvis genetikuri xaziT
identifikaciis martivi gadacemis SesaZleblobas
iZleva.
xSir SemTxvevaSi ivaraudeba, rom identifika-
ciis enas rogorc TviT- ise hetero- aRqmis procesSi
warmoadgens saxelmwifo (erovnuli) ena. magaliTad,
frangi xalxi miiCnevs, rom norvegielebi saubroben
norvegiul enaze, Tumca ar arian informirebulni,
rom sinamdvileSi norvegiaSi arsebobs kidev sami ena
(finuri da norvegiuli enis ori saxesxvaoba: ninorski
da bokmali). analogiurad, norvegielebi fiqroben,
rom frangi xalxi saubrobs frangulad da ver acno-
biereben, rom frangebi amave dros SeiZleba sau-
brobdnen korsikul, alsatiur Tu berberul enebze.
EaRniSnuli gamomdinareobs xalxis enobrivi saxes-
xaobebis gaTviTcnobierebis doniT, rac agreTve xSi-
rad ukavSirdeba ucxo enis codnasac. albaT, ubra-
lod damTxvevas ar unda mieweros is faqti, rom zo-
gadevropul CarCo-konvenciaSi enebis Sesaxeb aRiare-
bulia, rom enebis regionuli da socialuri saxesx-

46
vaobaSi garkvevis unari damaxasiaTebelia mxolod
enis gamocdili SemswavlelebisTvis (yvelaze maRali
done - muxli C2), sruliad aRiarebs mSobliuri enis
sociolingvistur da sociokulturul mniSvnelobas
da SeuZlia Sesabamisi reagirebis moxdena. zogadad,
es marTlac mSobliuri enaze molaparakeTa maxasiaTe-
belia... Tumca, rogorc g. ludis tipologiaSia Ca-
moyalibebuli, enobriv identifikacias gansazRvravs
ramdenime subieqturi faqtori:
- pirveli, meore da a. S. enebi (Tanmimdevroba
maTi Seswavlis mixedviT): SesaZlebelia,
enis Semswavlelma Seiswavlos sxva, aramSo-
bliuri ena garkveuli mizezebisa da intere-
sebis gaTvaliswinebiT (erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
vani motivi am dros `integrirebaa~). magali-
Tad, frangma ojaxma, SesaZlebelia, nebayo-
flobiT Seqmnas ojaxSi inglisurenovani ga-
remo, raTa bavSvi advilad daeuflos in-
glisur enas (mSoblebma gadawyvites bavSvis
Seyvana amerikul skolaSi, maT surT, bavSvi
iyos amerikeli);
- enebi, romlebsac iyeneben mudmivad, mxolod
SemTxveviT an Zalian iSviaTad: magaliTad
CrdiloeT afrikaSi frangulad molaparake
ojaxebi SesaZlebelia arabul enas Zalian

47
 cudad flobdnen, magram iyenebdnen arabuls
drodadro da maTi enobrivi identifikacia
mainc iyos dakavSirebuli arabul enasTan;
- enebi, romlebic dominantur socialur ur-
TierTobebSi gamoiyenebian an enebi, romleb-
sac ver floben kargad (magaliTad, irlan-
diuri irlandiaSi);
- ena, romelzec saubroben samSobloSi da ena,
romelic aris maspinZeli saxelmwifos ena
imigrantebis SemTxvevaSi: magaliTad, imi-
grantebis Svilebma sakuTari enobrivi iden-
tifikacia SeiZleba moaxdinon rogorc mSo-
bliur, agreTve im saxelmwifos enaze, ro-
melSic isini cxovroben.
- SesaZlebelia, maT agreTve identifikacia
moaxdinon orive enaze erTdroulad da Ca-
moyalibdnen tipur migrant bilingvebad, rac
logikuri da bunebrivia.
garda amisa, ufro metad socialur, vidre indi-
vidualur doneze, enebi, romlebic axdenen pirovnebis
identifikacias, Zalian gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan
statusis mixedviT. identifikaciis ena SeiZleba iyos
saxelmwifo / oficialuri / saskolo ena, farTod
gavrcelebuli da oficialurad aRiarebuli regio-
nuli enebi, mxolod mcire jgufis da iSviaTad ga-

48
moyenebuli regionuli enebi, samarTlebrivad aRiare-
buli an marginalizebul umciresobaTa enebi, gareSe
enebi, importirebuli migrantTa mier da sxva. nebis-
mieri enobrivi identifikacia efuZneba am ori ucnobis
jgufs... Sesabamisad, garkveuli konteqstisTvis es
enobrivi identifikacia SeiZleba iyos stabiluri da
usafrTxo, Tumca, sxva SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia iyos
arastabiluri, cvalebadi gadafasebaTa Sedegad da,
Sesabamisad - safrTxis qveS myofi. enobrivi identifi-
kacia gansazRvravs pirovnebis arCeul an miRebul mi-
kuTvnebas ama Tu im jgufisadmi. sociolingvistur
warmodgenebs aranairi kavSirSi ar aqvT am procesTan
(J. beko, 2008, gv. 14-17).
ena ufro amZafrebs sxvebisgan gansxvavebulobis
SegrZnebas, enis gansxvavebuloba simbolizebulia ama
Tu im jgufis absolutur identurobasTan. magali-
Tad, garde miuTiTebs, rom bosnieli eTnikuri jgu-
fis formirebaSi rwmena (islami) iyo gadamwyveti faq-
tori. igi wers, rom `dialeqtebs Soris sxvaoba na-
klebad releventuria xorvatebis, serbebisa da bos-
nielebis gansasxvaveblad, romlebic xorvatebis sam-
xreT-aRmosavleTiT mezoblebi arian. am mxriv, ara-
sodes yofila enobrivi zRvari. yvela es eTnikuri
jgufi miekuTvneba `serbo-xorvatul~ dialeqtur
tips. Ddidi xnis ganmavlobaSi is, rac iTvleboda

49
mxolod `serbo-xorvatuli~ dialeqtis sxvadasxva va-
riantad, dResdReobiT miCneulia serbul, xorvatul
da bosniur standartul enebad. Tumca arCevani sxva-
dasxva standartul enas Soris, romelTa Soris
gansxvaveba simboluria, ufro Sedegia, vidre mizezi
Sesabamisi identobis arCevanisa~. eqskluziurad erT
enasTan dakavSirebulma am identobam gamoiwvia slo-
veniaSi bosnielebis mier bosniuri enis im kursebis
uaryofa, romelic gaxsnili iyo agreTve serbebisTvis.
am tipis TviTkategorizacia ar SeiZleba miCneul
iqnes mxolod TavdacviT faqtorad an ganpirobebuli
iyos im socialuri situaciiT, rodesac socialuri
moTamaSe safrTxes grZnobs. es TviTkategorizacia
gaxda tradiciuli evropul asparezze, ramac gavrce-
leba hpova iseTi istoriuli terminebis meSveobiT,
rogorebicaa: erovnuli umciresoba / erovnebebi da,
ufro metic, erebi (magaliTad balkaneTSi da cen-
tralur evropaSi). eris gansazRvris es eTnikuri kon-
cefcia (rogorc xSirad uwodeben), romelic mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba eris gansazRvris samoqalaqo koncefcii-
sagan, iyo da aris oficialuri da Cveulebrivi kate-
gorizaciis bazisi, romelic aRiqvams erovnul da
samoqalaqo erTobebs, rogorc erTsa da imaves da
akavSirebs erovnul erTobas erTenovnebasTan (J. beko,
2008, gv. 19).

50
 6. ena da dialeqti
(qarTveluri enebi Tu qarTuli enis
dialeqtebi)

6. 1. dialeqti, igive kilo, enaTmecnierebaSi

Semdegnairad ganimarteba:
`enis teritoriuli (aloleqti, geoleqti),
droiTi (tempoleqti) an socialuri (socioleqti)
saxesxvaoba, romelsac adamianebis met-naklebad
SezRuduli raodenoba moixmars da Tavisi wyobiT
(fonetika, gramatika, leqsikuri Sedgeniloba Tu
semantika) gansxvavdeba enobrivi standartisagan,
51
romelic Tavad warmoadgens socialurad yvelaze
prestiJul (dia)leqts (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 8).
dialeqti unda ganisazRvros, rogorc ama Tu im enis
metyvelebrivi nairsaxeoba, gavrcelebuli garkveul
teritoriaze an eTnikur, socialur, profesiul, asa-
kobriv jgufSi. amis mixedviT gvaqvs teritoriuli,
eTnikuri, socialuri, profesiuli dialeqtebi. (b.
jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 8).
dialeqti metyvelebis faqtia da ara enisa: erTi
da imave sistemis nairgvari gamoyeneba safuZvels uqm-
nis enobrivi saxeobebis warmoqmnas. es nairsaxeobebi
arsebiTad warmoadgenen kidec dialeqtebs; dialeqti
zepiri metyvelebaa; werilobiT xdeba mxolod misi
fiqsacia. (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 9). mTavari da arsebi-
Ti mainc is aris, rom dialeqti aris saerTo erovnu-
li enis nairsaxeoba da ara damoukidebeli enobrivi
sistema (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 16);
ena aris urTierTgagebinebis saSualebaTa sis-
tema, dialeqti ki – enis erT-erTi nairsaxeoba, misi
Semadgeneli nawili. ena, rogorc urTierTgagebinebis
saSualebaTa sistema, amrigad, aris masSi Semaval
dialeqtTa erToblioba (roca ena umwerloboa), an –
dialeqtebisa da saliteraturo enis erToblioba
(roca enas saliteraturo enac aqvs). saliteraturo
enac, msgavsad dialeqtisa, enis nairsaxeoba da misi

52
Semadgeneli nawilia (dialeqtisgan is mxolod sazo-
gadoebriv-saxelmwifoebrivi funqciiT gansxvavdeba).
(a. oniani, 1,2003, 136-137).
rasakvirvelia, dialeqti SeiZleba gadaiqces
enad, anu Camoyalibdes damoukidebel enobriv siste-
mad... am dros igi Tvisebrivad icvleba – raodenobri-
vi sxvaobani Tvisebriv sxvaobebad iqceva. (b.
jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 10).
urTierToba enasa da dialeqts Soris SeiZleba
Semdegnairad ganisazRvros: aucilebeli piroba imis
dasaSvebad, rom enobrivi saxesxvaobebi an dialeqtebi
erTsa da imave enas miekuTvneba, aris is, rom isini
erT uwyvetobas anu kontinuums unda warmoadgendnen...
(v. boederi, 2005, gv. 218).
arsebobs erTi ki ara, ori saxis wyvetiloba
cneba enis gansasazRvrad: enobriv-komunikaciuri wyve-
tiloba, romelic TviT enis Tvisebebs emyareba da
socialuri (kulturuli, politikuri da a. S) uwyve-
toba, romelic enobrivi kontinuumis garkveul monak-
veTs romelime socialuri jgufis mier istoriulad
miekuTvna, imitom, rom, a. meies sityvebi rom kidev mo-
vixmoT, mis wevrebs `grZnoba da neba aqvT~, calke
enaze laparakobdnen (da xSirad swamT, rom es ena
`abStandpraxea~. am ukanaskneli tipis ena, rogorc we-
si, ausbauSpraxea (sityvasityviT: miSenebiT / ganvrco-

53
biT [e. i. ganviTarebiT daxasiaTebuli] ena) (v. boederi,
2005, gv. 221)
sociolingvistikaSi dialeqts gansazRvraven
gamoyenebiTi (pragmatuli) TvalsazrisiT; Sesabamisad,
misi sakuTriv lingvisturi statusi, rogorc wesi,
mxedvelobaSi naklebad miiReba; Sesabamisad. aRiwereba
eqstralingvisturi (da ara imanenturi) niSnebis meS-
veobiT:
dialeqti: enis saxesxvaoba oficialuri
statusis gareSe (an dabali statusi), romelic
gamoiyeneba iSviaTad an arasdros weriT xmarebaSi,
aRwers regionul da/an umciresobaTa enobriv
saxesxvaobas, magram aRiarebulia, rogorc erovnul an
federaluri teritoriis sakuTreba.
termini dialeqti sociolingvistikaSi zogjer
gamoiyeneba regionul da enobriv umciresobebTan
mimarTebiT (anu, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
ignorirebulia misi, rogorc sakuTriv lingvisturi
imanenturi arsi): saerTod, isini faqtobrivad
saxesxvaobebia, romlebic ganekuTvnebian erovnul an
federalur teritorias. isini miekuTvnebian mkvidr an
adgilobriv mosaxleobas; magaliTad, axlad
dasaxlebuli migrantTa sazogadoebebis sapirispirod.
isini aucileblad ar miekuTvnebian imave enobriv

54
ojaxs, rogoricaa dominanturi / oficialuri
saxesxvaobebi.
dialeqti gamoiyeneba erovnuli an oficialuri
enebis funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebiTac.
saxesxvaobebi SesaZloa warmoSobiT sociologiuri
iyos (asakobrivi jgufebi, ganaTlebis done,
komunikaciis formaloba Tu araformaloba Dda misT.)
da / an teritoriuli. gadaxrebi SesamCnevia,
magaliTad, gamoTqmis an leqsikis TaviseburebebiT.
isini warmoSoben erovnuli enis normebis problemas,
saidanac `gadaxrilad~ gamoiyurebian. saxesxvaobebi
SesaZloa dakristaldes da mogvces identurobis
substancia axal umciresobaTa saxesxvaobis
Sesaqmnelad (kerZod, erT TaobaSi an profesiul
jgufebSi).
aseTi enobrivi saxesxvaobebi sakmaod stabiluria
- maT SesaZloa hqondeT damwerloba: mxatvruli
literatura, leqsikonebi da sabaziso gramatika. amis
gamo, sakmaod advilia, swrafad gaxdnen
instruqtirebis subieqti an saSualeba. maT aerTianebT
is, rom ar aqvT aranairi oficialuri an
gansakuTrebuli statusi, magram maTi aRiareba
danarCeni erovnuli sazogadoebis mier
araerTgvarovania. es aRiareba, sxvaTa Soris,
damokidebulia urTierTgagebis SesaZleblobaze am

55
tipis saxesxvaobasa da oficialur / dominant
saxesxvaobas Soris da jgufis kulturul siaxloveze
sxva moqalaqeebTan. es enobrivi saxesxvaobani
sazogadoebisadmi mikuTvnebis fundamenturi grZnobis
Camoyalibebaa da misi yvelaze naTeli gamoxatulebaa.
zog SemTxvevebSi regionuli mikuTvnebis azri ar
emTxveva erovnul mikuTvnebas, magram zogjer is
SeiZleba qmnides erovnuli politikuri
sazogadoebidan gamoyofis sakmaod radikalur
formas. amis gamo, sazogadoebrivi azris garkveuli
nawili SesaZloa regionul da umciresobaTa enebs
erovnuli erTianobis winaSe mdgom safrTxed
moiazrebdes.
swored amgvar `safrTxed~ moiazrebs qarTvel
lingvistTa erTi nawili svanuri da zanuri enebis
statuss. ukansknel wlebSi gaCnda aseTi mosazreba:
`enisa da dialeqtis gamijvnis problema mxolod
lingvistikis sferoSi ver moTavsdeba; kulturuli
tradiciis mqone arcerTi ena sakuTriv lingvisturi
niSnebiT ar aris saxeldebuli enad: jer aravis
daudgenia enobriv cvlilebaTa Tu TaviseburebaTa is
zRvari, romlis Semdegac monaTesave enobriv er-
TeulTa Soris arsebuli raodenobrivi gansxvavebani
gadadis TvisebrivSi - sistemis varianti gadadis
axal sistemaSi~ (t. futkaraZe, 2003, gv. 119); aqedan ga-

56
momdinare, `arsebuli enebis statusi, rogorc wesi,
gansazRvrulia eTnokulturuli da politikur-
religiuri niSnis mixedviT (t. futkaraZe, 2003, gv. 70).
sakiTxis politizebis mcdelobas warmoadgens
Semdegi kategoriuli mtkiceba: `rogorc wesi, erT ers
(eTnikuri gagebiT) erTi dedaena aqvs~ (t. futkaraZe,
2003, gv. 62); `erTi eri (eTnikuri erToba) erT enaze
metyvelebs~ (T. gvancelaZe, 2003, gv. 600).
winamdebare naSromis farglebSi am mosazrebis ga-
mowvlilviTi analizis saSualeba ar gvaqvs, Tumca,
oriode sityviT mainc SevexebiT am problemas.
sazogadod, erTi da igive obieqti (Cvens SemTxve-
vaSi – ena) mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargis Seswavlis
sagani SeiZleba gaxdes; amis mkafio magaliTia sabune-
bismetyvelo mecnierebaTa farTo speqtris arseboba:
bunebis esa Tu is movlena Seiswavleba sruliad
gansxvavebuli kuTxidan (qimia, fizika, botanika, bio-
logia...). asevea enis SemTxvevaSic: aucilebelia, da-
vicvaT imanenturi gansazRvris principi. roca sauba-
ria ama Tu im enis warmomavlobaze, mis naTesaobaze
sxva enebTan – unda visargebloT im wes-kanonebiTa da
terminologiiT, rac Camoyalibebulia istoriul-
SedarebiTi enaTmecnierebis wiaRSi; jer kidev a. meie
werda, rom `erTaderTi enaTmecnieruli klasifikacia,
romelic faseuli da sasargebloa, esaa genealogiuri

57
klasifikacia, dafuZnebuli enaTa istoriaze~ (a. meie,
1924, gv. 1). enad kvalificireba xdeba sistemuri igi-
veoba-sxvaobebis mixedviT – es aris aqsioma enaTmec-
nierebisTvis da sxva midgomebi ukve scildeba ling-
vistikis sferos. Sesabamisad, lingvisturi cnebebisa
(enis, dialeqtis da a. S.) da maTi urTierTmimarTebis
dadgena lingvistikaSi mxolod sakuTriv lingvisturi
kriteriumebiT aris SesaZlebeli, eqstralingvisturi
cnebebisa da kriteriumebis Semotanas aq mxolod qao-
sisa da arev-darevis gamowveva SeuZlia (a. oniani,
2003, gv. 136).
sociolingvistika Seiswavlis enis (enaTa)
funqcionirebas sinqroniul doneze; misi mizani ar
aris da arc arasodes yofila ama Tu im obieqtis
sakuTriv lingvisturi statusis dadgena. faqtia, rom
ama Tu im erTeulis statusi gansxvavebuli iqneba
istoriul-SedarebiTi enaTmecnierebisTvis imisgan,
rac, sxvadasxva eqstralingvuisturi faqtoris
gaTvaliswinebiT, `daakanona~ sociolingvistikam.
vfiqrobT, sruliad marTebulia mosazreba, romelic
b. jorbenaZis mier aris formulirebuli: `enaTmecnie-
ruli (davazustebT – sakuTriv lingvisturi) Tvalsa-
zrisiT, megrul-Wanuri da svanuri qarTulis moZme
enebia, magram eTnikur-politikuri (aqac davazustebT

58
– sociolingvisturi) TvalsazrisiT, maT igive statu-
si aqvT, rac dialeqtebs (b. jorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 36).

6. 2. sainteresoa es sakiTxi TviTindetifikaciis

TvalsazrisT: enaa Tu dialeqti megrul-lazuri da
svanuri? _ es iyo respondentebTan Cveni saubris erT-
erTi Tema, Tumca, cxadia, am saubris mizani ar
yofila da veranairad ver iqneboda sakiTxis erTxel
da samudamod gadaWra da saTanado argumentebis
moTxovna-warmodgena. saintereso iyo ubralo
adamianebis (romelTac enaTmecnierebasTan araferi
akavSirebT) damokidebuleba megrul-lazurTan da
svanurTan, mis rolTan dakavSirebiT (es da sxva
Tematika specialur kiTxvarebSic Camoiwera, magram
piradi gasaubreba mainc mets iZleva, vidre kiTxvaris
sakiTxebze mSralad gacemuli pasuxebi).
respondentebisTvis megrul-lazuri da svanuri,
Cveulebriv, kuTxur-tomobrivi ena an qarTuli enis
dialeqtia (kuTxur enad kvalificirebisas
TviTidentifikaciis sakiTxic TavisTavad
amotivtivdeba, xazi esmeba qarTvelobas):
203. ©.k. (17:34:17:35) megruli ra aris?
204. C.T. (17:35:17:44) megruli es ±uTxuri enaa... samegrelos
mcxovrebisTvis;
205. C.T. (17:55:18:01) karTuli... karTulad vis¦avle ¦era-±iTxva
da karTveli var (zugdidi, ingiri, cisana Tordia).
***

59
 546. T.M. (0:33:41.000) me vpikrob, rom taobac, romelic
izrdeba, ar unda daiviÂçon tavisi Öutxuri ena (Tamar mania,
Tbilisi).
***
32. ±.G. (0:02:30.000) megruli ra aris?
33. G.P. (0:02:32.000) megruli ±uTxuri enaa, ra Tkma unda,
±uTxurad.... (gia, fanCviZe, Tbilisi)
***
545-546. T.M. (0:33:33.000) ai, tundac, Ävenma åirvelma ledim
xom icis svanuri da megruli, amit ra, åirikit... me
vpikrob, rom taobac, romelic izrdeba, ar unda
daiviÂçon tavisi Öutxuri ena (Tamar mania, Tbilisi).
***
13. L.E. (00:01:19.000-(00:01:27.000) margaluri, ¸onuri do korTuli
re nina Tu... muTuni Ticali, dialekºuri, ±uTxuri
meº¶veleba? /megruli, svanuri da kartuli enaa tu ...
raÌac eseti, dialekï uri, Öutxuri meï çveleba?/
15. x.x. (00:01:32.000) korTuli, ra Tkma unda, nina re /kartuli,
ra tkma unda, enaa/
16. L.E. (00:01:34.000) margaluri? /megruli?/
17. x.x. (00:01:35.000) margaluri do ¸onuri korTuli¸i dialekºi
/megruli da svanuri - kartulis dialekºi/.

zogi miiCnevs, rom amosavali swored zanur-

svanuria da qarTuli _ misgan momdinare:
24. L.E. (00:01:57.000-(00:02:04.000) Tkva xolo Ta¸i pikrenT,
mu©oTi dialekºi korTuli¸i, xo? elene ´aºivcemuli, Tkva
mu azri¸i zo°unTu? /tkvenc ase pikrobt, rogorc kartulis
dialekï i, xom? åaï ivcemulo elene, tkven ra azris
brýandebit?/
26. x.x. (00:02:07.000) e¸ vapipkrenk. ´irikiT, margalur¸e do
¸onur¸e gi¸arTu korTulk /ase ar vpikrob. åirikit,
megrulidan da svanuridan gamovida kartuli/ (elene
gogiberia, Tbilisi).

60
 sainteresoa TviTidentifikaciis TvalsazrisiT
sxvadasxva internet-forumze warmoebuli diskusiebi.
ai, ras wers erT-erTi forumis (www.forum.ge) wevri:
`araviTari dialeqtebi, srulyofili enebia. isic
unda aRiniSnos, rom dRevandeli qarTuli warmoiSva
swored megrul-Wanuri da svanuri enebisagan~.
xandaxan respondentebi sakuTari mosazrebis
dasabuTebasac cdiloben da saubari erTgvari msubuqi
polemikis saxes iRebs (Cans bolomde gauazrebeli
SiSic: vaiTu megrul-svanuris kvalificireba enad
saxifaTo aRmoCndes saxelmwifoebrivi TvalsazrisiT):
mu¸enda... mudgaren siº¶vepi... saerTo ¾iri, arTi ¾iri¸e mours,
mudgareni siº¶vepi /raï om da... raÌac siï çvebi... saerto ýiri,
erti ýiridan modis raÌac siï çvebi/
23. m.g. (00:01:55.000) ma xolo Ta¸i pipkrenk /mec ase vpikrob/
62. L.E. (00:04:59.000) davarkvaT megruls da svanurs enaa Tu
ra¬aca dialekºi?
63. x.x.. (00:05:09.000) dam¦erloba rom ara akvs am enas, enas Tu
dialekºs?
64. k.G. (00:05:13.000) dam¦erloba bevr enas ara akvs.
90. x.x.. (00:07:09.000) ai, megruli enis dam±vidreba, svanuri
enis dam±vidreba... ra¬ac...
91. L.E. (00:07:16.000) ai, ras? risi ge¸inia?
92. x.x. (00:07:18.000) ras da urTierT¸u¬ls, isev
da´iris´irebas, isev ra¬acas xom?
93. L.E. (00:07:20.000) anu, gulisxmob, rom amiT saprTxe
¸eekmneba... ras... karTuli saxelm¦ipos erTianobas?
94. x.x. (00:07:22.000) karTuli saxelm¦ipos erTianobas, xo ai
imas, ra¬ac...? (elene gogiberia, Tbilisi).

61
 megrul-lazurisa da svanurisTvis statusis
ganmsazRvrelad SeiZleba miiCnion is faqtori, rom
qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa:
361-362. K.G. (00:28:05.000) eêi, tkvani azrit, margaluri nina
reno tu mure? margaluri do êonuri nina reno? /ise,
tkveni azrit megruli enaa tu ra? megruli da svanuri
enaa?/
363. A.I. (00:28:11.000) êonurio? /svanuri?/
364. ±.G. (00:28:12.000) êonuri do margaluri /svanuri da
megruli/.
365. A.I. (00:28:14.000) tena re Öutxurenovani isa... /es aris
Öutxurenovani isa.../
371. ±.G. (00:28: 4.000) mara guruli do margaluri... anu,
artdoigive reno? /magram guruli da megruli... anu, erti
da igivea?/
372. A.I. (00:28:41.000) arti do igive vare... /erti da igive ar
aris.../
373. ±.G. (00:28:43.000) mu gansxvaveba re? /ra gansxvaveba
aris?/
374-375. A.I. (00:28:50.00) gansxvavebulie, mara iêeni oÖatu
margaluri siï çvepi. u&unuana sodgareni, breli, breli...
/gansxvavebulia, magram mainc urevia megruli siï çvebi.
gamoureven sadÌac, bevri, bevri.../.
376-377. L.E. (00:28.:55.000) ase, guruliêen do imeruliêen
tkuana, Öutxuri meï çveleba, dialekï i renia. margaluri
do êonuriêeni muÅo oÖo vtkuatÊ? /axla, gurulze da
imerulze iï çvian, Öutxuri meï çveleba, dialekï i ariso.
megrulze da svanurze rogor unda vtkvat?/.
378. A.I. (00:29:08.000) Öutxuri dialekï ie, meï i araperi...
Öutxuri dialekï i... /Öutxuri dialekï ia, meï i araperi...
Öutxuri dialekï i.../
379. L.E. (00:29:13.000) dialekï ia megrulic da svanuric?
380. A.I. (00:29:15.000) Öi, tavistavad.
381. L.E. (00:29:19.000) anu enis ÖvalipiÖacias ar mivcemt,
ara?
382. A.I. (00:29:20.000) ara.
383. L.E. (00:29:23.000) raï om, tkveni azrit?

62
 384. A.I. (00:29:25.000) sakartveloêi aris ertaderti ena,
rogorc saxelmÂiposi ena - kartuli ena.
385. l.e. (00:29:31.000) saxelmÂipo ena.
386. A.I. (00:29:32.000) es kartuli enis sÂavleba savaldebuloa,
imiï om rom kartuli sakmisÂarmoeba
387. A.I. (00:29:43.000) da es çvelaperi midis kartul enaze.
388-403. L.E. (00:29:46.000) Öi, magram exla naxet. kartuli aris
saxelmÂipo ena da, ase rom vtkvat, saliï eraï uro enaa,
saxelmÂipo enaa, sÂavla-ganatlebis enaa da a.ê. da a.ê.,
magram es xom ar niênavs imas, rom sakartveloêi ar
êeiýleba iços iseti enebi, romlebic ar aris saxelmÂipo
ena, sÂavlebis ena, magram aris mainc ena. magalitad,
kurtebs tavianti ena akvt Öulï urac akvt tavianti
Öulï urac tavianti akvt da çvelaperi da exla, rogorc
aseti, kurtuli ena ar aris saxelmÂipo ak ena, magram
tavisi gamoçenebis tvalsazrisit kurtuli da megruli ar
gansxvavdeba ertmanetisagan. imiï om rom, kurtebi
êinaurulad, ertmanetêi urtiertobisa tu laåaraÖisas
gamoiçeneben am enas, iseve, rogorc megrelebi megruls
viçenebt ertmanettan urtiertobaêi. saxelmÂipo ena,
savaldebulo ena im kurtistvisac aris kartuli ena,
magram tkveni azrit, mainc sxvadasxva mimarteba aris
megrulsa da kartuls êoris, vidre kurtulsa da kartuls
êoris? da a.S. (aleko iosava, Tbilisi).

sainteresoa da erTob simptomaturi erovnuli

identifikaciis sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli erTi,
SeiZleba iTqvas, kuriozuli istoria:
101 - 120. M.G. (00:08:16.000 - 00:09:21.000) zogiertepi re, ma
magalito, tiênerepi åundu, vtkvat, sopels Ölaselepi,
xo? a, ma margali vorekÊ do arti gvalo ticali åundÊ,
margali vorekÊ do margaliêi åasåorï i miÌunia. åasåorï i
miÌunia do, supras voret do zusï as, Äkimi komonþi xolo
tak re do, åasåorï i makvso da supraze vart da zusï ad,
Äemi kmaric ak aris da, muþoxonia - uÂu...
vadmaþerebenia mutuniêe, muþoxo, munero giÌunia
margaliêi åasåorï i? kova - morti devnirzatÊ - muêava
63
 do kacariêa devnirzatia do didis kinÖodvÊ ena xolo
dudi, muêen da, teê manÂaratÊ rdÊ darÂmunebuli demuri,
''margali'' muÅo inaÅaruapunia åasåorï is? do mogebul
mainia, kacars åilunkiava. geÖlaÄiÖinu e margalkÊ -
''margali'' inuÅarÊ åasåorï iêa. erovneba: margali. dÒ,
sole miÌia boêi, ''margali'' mikÊ inoiÅarua? ena rusetiêa
gileêÊnÊ peri boêi rdÊ do sodgareni teure dinapili,
sabÅoêÊ dros, sodgarenÊ dinapils &ope do... kimevrtiava
do nacionaloba miÂuesiani, margalia - vuÂia. do
kinaÅarua i ÖoÄikÊ - ''margali''. do giluÌudu tena. ï upï a
rdÊ ti åasåorï i mudgareni... tis tiêÊ manÂaratÊ uÌudu ti
muêi margaloba.
/zogierti aris, me magalitad, isetebi mçavda, vtkvat,
Ölaselebi, rom ai, me megreli var da erti mtlad iseti
mçavda, megreli var da megrelis åasåorï i makvso.
åasåorï i makvso da supraze vart da zusï ad, Äemi kmaric
ak aris da, rogoro - utxra... me ver daviþerebo araprit,
ras hkvia, rogor gakvso megrelis åasåorï i? modi
davni¾lavdet - raze da ciÖanze davni¾lavdeto da didi
moitxova, imiï om rom ise mÂared iço darÂmunebuli
demuri, ''megreli'' rogor eÂerebao åasåorï êi? da
mogebuli mekneba, tiÖans davÖlavo. amoatria am
megrelma - ''megreli'' uÂeria åasåorï êi. erovneba:
megreli. va, saidan moiï aneo biÅo, ''megreli'' vin
ÄagiÂerao? es rusetêi rom dadioda, iseti biÅi iço da
sadÌac ik daÖarguli, sabÅoetis dros, sadÌac
daÖargulêi çopila da... mivedio da nacionaloba, rom
mÖitxeso, megreli - vutxario. da ÄaÂerao im Öacma -
`megreli~. da dahkonda es. ï upï a iço is åasåorï i raÌac...
imas ise mÂared hkonda mas tavisi megreloba/(manana
gogoxia, Tbilisi).

megreli rom erovneba ar aris, amaze aravin davobs:

8. b.k. (00:00:48:00:00:55) ¸emdeg gavtxovdi, gav¶evi
kartvels.
8. n.p. (00:00:48:00:00:55) megrels.
10. b.k. (00:00:56:00:01:01) megreli ar ari ra isa... ra kvia...
11.n.m. (00:01:01:00:01:03) ara, me da±on±reºebit vambob.

64
 12. b.k. (00:01:03:00:01:11) xo, me... a, da±on±reºebit ¸ei¾leba
ese? ai megrelebi megreloben, magram...
13. n.m. (00:01:11:00:01:12) gasagebia.
14-16 .b.k. (00:01:12:00:01:15-00:16:21:00:01:20) es ari ±utxuri
da... megruli rodis... eºo ne nacionalnosº, megrel. es
erovneba ar aris, megreli (bela qerqaZe, daba
jvari).

Zalian kargad Cans damokidebuleba (da Sefasebac)

im fenomenis mimarT, rasac pasportSi megrelad Cawera
hqvia, _ yovelive es aRqmulia, rogorc saocari da
daujerebeli ram.
aqve SeiZleba moviyvanoT zemoT xsenebul internet-
forumSi (www.forum.ge) Catarebuli erTgvari
sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Sedegebi. es masala,
sazogadod, saintereso gveCvena im TvalsazrisiT, rom
misi monawileebi arian absoluturad gaxsnili
respondentebi, amofarebulni raRac fsevdonimebs, arc
kameris kompleqsi awuxebT da arc ucxo adamianTan
uSualo kontaqtis gamo eqmnebaT bunebrivi
uxerxuloba. cxadia, swored am Tavisuflebis gamo
(xSirad asakis gamoc) forumelebs Znelad Tu
mosTxov akademiurobasa da koreqtulobas, verc didi
ganswavlulobiTa da sakiTxis siRrmeSi CaxedulobiT
gamoirCeva umravlesoba, magram warmodgena mainc
gveqmneba maTs poziciasa da ganwyobaze (rogorc
TviTidentifikaciis, aseve heteroidentifikaciis
TvalsazrisiT).
65
 `gTxovT, politikaSi nu gadaiWrebiT..., _
afrTxilebs sainstruqcio Sesaval nawilSi
iniciativis avtori forumelebs, _ kiTxva ar exeba
megrulis politikur statuss, anu arc pirdapir da
arc SefarviT ar gekiTxebiT Tqvens azrs imasTan
dakavSirebiT, unda qondes Tu ara megruls an svanurs
raime oficialuri statusi, magaliTad, gamocxaddes
regionalur enad.... es ar aris am Temis mizani...
ara, mizani aris gairkves, rogor aRiqvamen megruls
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi da Tu ganvazogadebT am
pasuxebs, ramdenad moqmedebs konkretuli
sakiTxisadmi adamianis damokidebulebaze misi
warmoSoba. ar vici Tqven rogor, magram me metad
sainteresod meCveneba es sakiTxi... Tan saqarTveloSi
sakmaod aqtualuri kiTxvaa...
erTgvari sociologiuri kvlevis magvari rame
gamodis... im mxrivac aris saintereso es kiTxva, rom
gairkveva, umravlesobas rac gonia saqarTvelos erT
kuTxeSi da saxelmwifos pozicia rac aris, is Tu
emTxveva erTmaneTs...~
rogor fiqrobT, megruli enaa Tu dialeqti?
1. megruli aris ena (megreli var) [ 30 ]
[23.81%]
2. megruli aris ena (ar var megreli) [ 28 ]
[22.22%]

66
 3. megruli dialeqtia (megreli var) [ 18 ]
[14.29%]
4. megruli dialeqtia (ar var megreli) [ 41 ]
[32.54%]
5. ar vici. [ 9 ] [7.14%]
Total Votes: 126
`ra mniSvneloba aqvs, megreli xar Tu ara?~ _
kiTxva uCndeba mavans da pasuxic TiTqos logikuri
mosdevs:
`is mniSvneloba aqvs, rom, savaraudod megrelebi
subieqturni iqnebian am sakiTxSi da TavianT dialeqts
enas daarqmeven. ase rom, mgoni saWiroa subieqturi da
SedarebiT sxva mizezebiT warmoSobili
Sexedulebebis da poziciis gamijvna“.
rogorc gamokiTxvis sqemidan Cans, mTlad asec ar
yofila saqme (Tumca am faqtoris gaTvaliswineba
namdvilad ar iyo zedmeti), sakiTxi `gadawyda~ im
Sexedulebis sasargeblod (minimaluri angariSiT _
59:58, Svidma Tavi Seikava), romelic Tvlis, rom
megruli aris dialeqti.
am gamokiTxvaSi namdvilad sainteresoa erTi
detali: saTanado statusis miniWebisas megreli-
aramegrelis faqtori praqtikulad ar muSaobda
(yovel SemTxvevaSi ise, rogorc ideis avtori
SiSobda): 58 kacidan, vinc miiCnevs, rom megruli enaa,

67
28 aramegreli iyo, xolo sapirispiro azris mqone 59
adamianidan 18 megreli iyo (TviTidentifikacia!).
amgvari gamokiTxvis racionalurobaSi eWvi
gamoiTqva: `iqneb gamokiTxva lingvistebSi mogvewyo? aq
ra azri aqvs, garda imisa, rom moxdeba daskvnebis
politizireba da erTmaneTis dapirispireba?
kompetenturma xalxma Tqvas Tavisi azri. piradad
CemTvis ra dadgindeba - `enaa Tu dialeqti~ - amiT
absoluturad araferi Seicvleba~.
saerTod, Tema _ megrul-lazuri da svanuri enebia
Tu dialeqtebi _ Zalian popularulia sxvadasxva
tipis forumSi. bunebrivia, pasuxebis diapazonic ver
iqneba farTo, _ nawili miiCnevs, rom eseni enebia,
meore nawilis azriT ki - dialeqtebia. erTia, rom
polemika arcTu iSviaTad arasasurveli mimarTulebiT
viTardeba, rasac Semdgom Temis daxurva mosdevs...
aqcenti mainc, rogorc wesi, megrulze keTdeba.
erT-erTi forumelis gancxadebiT, `vinc iZaxis, rom
megruli mxolod dialeqtia, am sakiTxs mxolod
politikuri kuTxiT uyurebs! separatizmis SiSiT
simarTlis ugulebelyofa da, miT umetes, misi devna,
erTianobas ver ganamtkicebs! simtkice simarTleSia!
megruli aris ena!~ mas aseve ainteresebs, `ratom
Cndeba yovelTvis kiTxva samegrelos separatizmze?
sad da raSi xedavT mas? rato ver iSorebT SiSis am

68
lands?~ _ mimarTavs igi oponentebs, ukvirs, ratom
aRiqvamen `megrulis enad aRiarebas saqarTvelos
mTlianobisaTvis safrTxed~, moiTxovs argumentacias:
`Tu marTlac ase fiqrob, iqneb daasabuTo es kavSiri
am or movlenas Soris. Tanac gaiTvaliswine, rom
safrTxes tyuili qmnis da ara simarTle....~; misi
azriT, `vinc megruls dialeqtad acxadebs, is
abuntebs megrelobas da nergavs maTSi saSiS
separatizms!~.
`megruli aris ena! magram winaaRmdegi var,
iswavlebodes skolebSi, iTargmnebodes biblia
megrulad da a.S. ise, vefxistyaosani megrulad ukve
didi xania arsebobs~, _ acxadebs mavani.
zogi forumeli patiosnad swavlobda, rasac
aswavlidnen:
`imis Tqma, rom megruli ar aris ena, ar mimaCnia
sworad. didi xania, qarTveli lingvistebi da
qarTvelologebi SeTanxmdnen im sakiTxze, rom
megruli da svanuri arian enebi da, qarTulTan erTad
warmoadgenen qarTvelur enaTa ojaxs. ase viswavle
mec~.
asec xdeba: sxva rames aswavlidnen da axla Turme
sul sxva rames amtkiceben maTi maswavleblebi:
`...Cemi leqtori... Zalian niWieri enaTmecnieria,
romlisganac viswavle, rom megruli aris ena. exla ki

69
sawinaaRmdegos ambobso, ase miTxres... ra vici, iqneb
araa marTali, mara me ara mgonia, rom tyuiliT
SeiZleba kargi saqmis dacva. es aris da es~.
sxva forumelisTvisac uswavlebiaT, rom megruli
enaa, magram amis aRiareba mas saxifaTod eCveneba:
`megrulic mTeli cxovrebaa mesmis, ase Tu ise
vsaubrob da ratomRac arasodes TavSi azrad ar
momsvlia imaze fiqri, enaa megruli Tu ara, mere Cemma
SesaniSnavma pedagogma agvixsna, rom megruli enaa,
magram raRac gansakuTrebuli, saSinao enis msgavsi,
rogorc baskuri. cota xnis win erT baskTan
(safrangeTidan) saubrisas manac ase Tqva baskurze,
saSinao enaao, magram vibrZviT imisTvis, rom statusi
avuwioTo... isini seriozulad muSaoben amaze. me
mgonia, dRevandel situaciaSi imis mtkiceba, rom
megruli damoukidebeli da srulfasovani enaa,
saxifaToa, sxva Tu araferi, imitom, rom megrelebSi
yovelTvis gamoCndeba viRaca "ganmanaTlebeli",
romelic "bnel" xalxs "auxsnis" raRaceebs da
sruliad realuria afxazeTis precedenti gameordes,
xalxSi es igrZnoba da Zalian meSinia~.
mavans eSinia: `male damwerlobas moigoneben da
gavlen saqarTvelodano~.
aseTsave `politikur windaxedulebas~ iCens meorec:
`saerTo qarTveluri enidan wamovida sami dialeqti.

70
 1. svanuri
2. zanuri
3. qarTis ena (dRevandeli literaturuli qarTuli)
megruli zanuri enis dialeqtia!!!
ra calke enebi xalxo!!!! ena aris eris
damaxasiaTebeli erT-erTi niSani, Cven rom vaRiaroT
zanuri da svanuri enebad, cota xanSi mogviwevs
xalxebadac aRiareba... egRa gvinda Cven zustad ra...~.
zogs megrulisTvis enis statusis miniWeba misi
saxelmwifo enad gamocxadeba hgonia: `megruli ena
arasdros ar gaxdeba saxelmwifo ena da tyuilad
wylis nayvas jobia ufro seriozul raRaceebze
imuSavoT, iseTi, rogoricaa megruli enis da kuturis
fondis gadarCenaze~.
erT-erTi forumeli diletantebis zerele
gancxadebebs auRelvebia da maTi `ganaTleba~
mouwadinebia, rogorc Cans, profesional lingvists:
`amdeni xania, Tvals vadevneb forumSi saocar
wioks, rac megruli enis (erTxel da samudamod
SevTanxmdeT, rom megruli da lazuri zanuri enis
dialeqtebia! - ifiqreT kargad amaze da ara mxolod
wminda lingvisturi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
politikuri TvalsazrisiTac friad mogebiani rom
aris es xedva - dameTanxmebiT, imedia) `gadarCenas“ Tu
separatistuli safrTxis gamowvevas exeba... faqtia,

71
rom veravin veravis Seacvlevina Tvalsazrisi.
erTxel, adre, ganvacxade forumze, rom am TemiT
manipulireba gacilebiT mavne Sedegebs moitans-meTqi,
vidre is, rom saqmiT specialistebi dakavdnen...
tyuiliT karg saqmes ver gaakeTeb!.. modi, vcadoT
kompetenturi lingvistebis mobilizeba (Tundac aq -
forumze; yvelas gamovaTqmevinoT azri da
darwmundebiT, rom oriode provokatorisa da
TaRliTis (mecnierebaSic „mosula“ TaRliToba)
garda, qarTul enaTmecnierebas arasodes sxvanairad
arc ufiqria: megrul-lazuri da svanuri, iseve,
rogorc qarTuli, qarTveluri enebia... es debuleba,
TavisTavad, „separatisuli“ ar aris... sxva saqmea
wamowyebuli kampania, TiTqos is, vinc megrul-
lazursa da svanurs enebad miiCneven - samegrelosa da
svaneTis saqarTvelodan gamoyofas qadagebs... erTxel
da samudamod zRvari gavavloT mecnierebasa da
politikas Soris!.. mokled, wylis nayvaa
diletantebTan am Temaze seriozuli sja-baasi: kidev
erTxel vTavazob yvelas, forumze movawyoT
lingvistTa paeqroba da maT gviTxran saTqmeli!“
ar viciT, Sedgeba Tu ara lingvistTa paeqrobaze
forumze, magram faqtia: `rac Seexeba, enaa Tu
dialeqti, rom magas politikur statusTan aranairi
kavSiri ar aqvs, ar unda bevri mtkiceba (bevri

72
dialeqti qceula saxelmwifo enad da bevr enas ki
saxelmwifo enis statusi ar gaaCnia). ubralod, ukeT
rom gaerkveT sakuTar sakomunikacio saSualebasa da
mis naTesaur kavSirebSi, anu sakuTari Tavi ukeT rom
SeicnoT, ena/dialeqtis sakiTxzec mogiwevT
dafiqreba~.
marTebuli dakvirveba-Sefasebaa: `dialeqtebi
aranairad araa megruli da svanuri. megrulze ki
SeiZleba Tqvas kacma, rom zanuris dialeqtia. magram
arcerTi maTgani ar aris qarTuli enis dialeqti.
zogierTi, viTom erovnuli interesebidan gamomdinare
maT dialeqtebs uwodebs, rac mecnierulad ar aris
gamarTlebuli. maT ubralod eSiniaT, rom Tu
megruli da svanuri calke enebad gamocxaddeba, da es
separatizms warmoSobs... ra sisulelea!~
es axlaxan `aRmouCines~ megrel-lazebsa da svanebs,
rom isini qarTulis dialeqtze laparakoben, _
TiTqos, amiT undobloba ki ar gamoucxades maT,
ubralod, gza mouWres separatizmisken. Zalian
niSandoblivia erT-erTi forumelis kategoriuli
gancxadeba: `rac Seexeba enaTmecnierebs, me mwams, rom
maT is unda amtkicon, rac saqarTvelosaTvis iqneba
sasargeblo!~.
kvlevisas SeiZleba patiosanma mecnierma Secdomebi
dauSvas, araswori gziT wavides, magram mis kvlevas

73
mainc SeiZleba hqondes garkveuli Rirebuleba, _
gansxvavebiT im SemTxvevisagan, rodesac jer
debulebebi (sloganebi) da daskvnebi iwereba da mere
iwyeba `kvleva~.
faqtia, rom megrel-svanebic iseTive memkvidreebi da
Semoqmedni arian qarTuli kulturisa, rogorc
danarCeni kuTxis warmomadgenlebi, _ arc am niadagze
aqvT maT arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi (`Zalian
kargia, rom megrelebic, svanebic qarTulad qmnidnen
TavianT Semoqmedebas~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi
forumeli); swored aq xedaven yvelaze did
`saSiSroebas~, ris gamoc saWiroa megrulis kilod
gamocxadeba(?!), is, rom am bolo dros mavanTa
gaaqtiurebuli mTargmnelobiTi Tu originaluri
SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba megrul-svanur `dialeqtze~
mimdinareobs, bevrs aRizianebs (`vefxistyaosani~ rom
gamouSves megrulad, amaze Zalian gavbrazdi~), mavan
forumels ki es did usaqmurobad miaCnia: `xalxno,
jobia sxva ufro seriozul saqmes miyoT xeli, vidre
bibliis megrulad Targmna... ubralod Zalian did
usaqmurobad meCveneba bibliis megrulad Targmna...
viRacam ro Targmna `vefxistyaosani~ megrulad, ra
mere magiT, vinme kiTxulobs an iyenebs rameSi? ar
vambob arafers leqsikonebze da gramatikaze, radgan
es Cveulebrivi samecniero naSromia enaTmecnierebaSi,

74
romelic gamoyenebas mxolod Zalian viwro wreSi
poulobs. kacs saqme gamoelia da raRacas akeTebdao,
zustad amazea naTqvami...~;
aris aseTi poziciac: `an ra saWiroa megrulad
Targmnili biblia? ratomac ara? yvela enaze
Targmnes ukve da iyos~.
Znelia ar daeTanxmo gulwrfel sityvebs: `zogi
enebad Tvlis, zogi ara da davaneboT ra Tavi.
mTavaria ro yvela saqarTvelos Svilebi varT da erT
qveyanaSi vcxovrobT~.
an amas: `gansxvaveba arsebobs saqarTvelos yvela
kuTxes Soris. es maT urTierTnaTesaobas ar arRvevs.
saqarTvelo aris qarTvelebis, anu kaxelebis,
megrelebis, gurulebis da a.S. erTad yofnis survili
da logikuri erToba. misi kuTxeebis mravalferovneba
misi simdidrea~.
forumelTa `wylis nayvaSi~ mainc ikveTeba iseTi
sakiTxi, raSic SeTanxmeba ar Wirs: enaa Tu dialeqti,
megrul-lazursa da svanurs mzrunveli patroni
sWirdeba (iseve, rogorc Tavad qarTuls: `Tuki imas
gaviZaxiT, rom globalizaciis pirobebSi iseTi didi
literaturuli tradiciis mqone enas, rogoric
qarTulia, gadagvareba an sulac gaqroba emuqreba,
megruli ra wiTeli kvercxia? miTumetes, araviTari

75
meqanizmebi ar arsebobs imisTvis, rom es ena mis
dRevandel farglebSi mainc SenarCundes~):
`saWiroa, rom ganvacxadoT: megruli aris ena,
qarTveluri ena, iseve, rogorc svanuri. es aris
lamazi ena, romelsac sWirdeba Senaxva da
mofrTxileba~;
`me saerTod ara var megreli, magram mimaCnia rom
megruli ena saqarTvelosTvis didi simdidrea da ar
unda daikargos~.
qarTveluri enebis gadarCenis erT-erT gzad mavan
forumels maTi skolaSi swavleba miaCnia, specialuri
gamokiTxvac mouwyvia. pasuxebi zogadad am tipisaa:
`megruli enaa! magram megrulad ioanes saxarebas
Targmna ar aris saWiro. skolebSi swavleba
SeiZleba, magram ara ise, rom qarTuli ucxo enasaviT
iyos! magram megruli mainc enaa;
megruli aris ena! magram winaaRmdegi var
iswavlebodes skolebSi, iTargmnebodes biblia
megrulad da a.S. ise vefxistyaosani megrulad ukve
didi xania arsebobs....~
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi ki mTlianobaSi aseTia aseTia:
unda iswavlebodes Tu ara sagani "qarTveluri
enebi" skolaSi?
1. unda iswavleblodes [ 50 ] [48.54%];
2. ar unda iswavleblodes [ 43 ] [41.75%];

76
 3. miWirs pasuxis gacema [ 10 ] [9.71%].
am saxis kiTxva Cvens respondentebsac davusviT:
166. L.E. (0:11:43.000) sÖolaêi rom iços, vtkvat raÌacis
saxit, megrulis sÂavleba, svanuris sÂavleba?
167. G.P. (0:11:51.000) me, magalitad, ara var amisi...
168. L.E (0:11:54.000) momxre?
169. G.P. (0:11:55.000) momxre namdvilad ara var, megruli da
svanuri... es ubralod, adamians tu akvs, exla,
sakartveloêi vcxovrobt da ar aris åroblema Âaxvide
da coï a xani da icxovro, xalxi sazÌvargaret dadis...
inglisursa da imas sÂavlobs. visac akvs survili,
survilisamebr isÂavlon...
180. L.E. (0:12:32.000) da êesabamisad, saêiêroeba ar
emukreba e.i. megruls, rom xval da zeg... ai, 21-e
sauÖunea da...
182. G.P. (0:12:42.000) da rom daiviÂçon?
183. L.E. (0:12:42.000) xo...
184. G.P. (0:12:43.000) ara mgonia, åirikit, axla sÂavloben
megruls, bevri sÂavlobs (gia, fanCviZe, Tb., nuc.
plato).

mTlianobaSi, megrulis perspeqtivasTan

dakavSirebiT optimizmi Cans:
`megruli ena ar daiRupeba arasdros, Tu xar
samegreloSi namyofi maSin naxav iq, rom qarTulad
aravin laparakobs da bevrma laparakic ar icis
qarTulad (magaliTebi am forumzec uamravia). amitom
megrul enas gadaSeneba namdvilad ar emuqreba...~
`ise ki simarTle rom giTxraT sulac ar vfiqrob
rom megruli ena raime safrTxe emuqreba.... miuxedavad
imisa rom dRes [gansxvavebiT wina saukuneebisa] 99.9%

77
megrelma qarTuli kargad icis. am faqtma sulac ar
Seqmna safrTxe rom megruli daviwyeboda xalxs...~
aRsaniSnavia, rom sociolingvistur kiTxvarSi,
romelic qarTveluri enebis jgufis wevrebma
awarmoes, gamokiTxulTa 92 %-ma, miuxedavad imisa,
pirvel enad qarTuls aRiarebs Tu megurl-lazurs /
svanurs, gamoTqva survili, maTma Svilebma icodnen
(iswavlon) TavianTi kuTxuri ena (dasmuli iyo
SekiTxva: rogor fiqrobT, saWiroa, rom Tqvenma
Svilebma icodnen megrul-lazuri / svanuri ena?).
droTa ganmavlobaSi, bunebrivia, icvleboda da
icvleba enobrivi situacia. saukuneebis win qarTuli
ena megreli sazogadoebis dabali socialuri wris
warmomadgenlebma, praqtikulad, ZiriTadad eklesiis
meSveobiT icoda, qarTuli iyo religiis ena da
amdenad qarTveluri tomebis enobrivad Semkvrel-
makonsolidirebelis funqciac ekisreboda _ amdenad,
ar SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom megrelma glexma
saukuneebis win qarTuli saerTod ar icoda, imitom
rom ar sWirdeboda... igi ar iyo mowyvetili
saerToqarTul realobas, erovnul fesvebs. erTicaa,
rom wera-kiTxvis problema meoce saukuneSic
gadmohyva sruliad saqarTvelos (da ara mxolod
samegrelos Tu svaneTs).
magram qarTuli misTvis ar iyo ucxo ena (Tundac
iseTi, rogoric iyo rusuli, romelic mas qarTulze
intensiurad esmoda, magaliTad, XIX saukuneSi), adrec

78
da dResac klasificirdeba, rogorc meore ena (`meore
mSobliuri ena~ – rogorc xSirad axdenen
respondentebi saxeldebas):
xSirad xazi esmeva im garemoebas, rom
qarTulenovan adamians ar uWirs megrulis swavla, _
bela qerqaZes, saTanado enobriv garemocvaSi
aRmoCenisas, megrulis aRsaqmelad sul raRac sami
Tve dasWirda:
18-23. b..k. (00:01:22:00:01:30)-(00:01:56:00:01:59) megruli
vis¦avle, ro gavtxovdi, ese igi, ert sam tve¸i. ªemma
meu¬lem ªamomi¶vana... ¦amovedit ªven engurgesze
samu¸aod aket, °var¸i. ak cxovrobda ªemi meu¬lis
bebia, romelic la´ara±obda megrulad, kartuli ar
icoda da ik me samezoblo ¶vela megrulad la´ara±obda
da i¾ulebuli vi¶avi mes¦avla megruli. sam tve¸i u±ve
absoluºurad ¶velaperi mesmoda.
la´ara±i rodis dai¦¶et?
25-28. b..k. (00:02:00:00:02:08-00:02:22:00:02:32) la´ara±i
davi¦¶e... ma¸inatac davi¦¶e la´ara±i, magram, rogor
vtkva exla, gamartulad da imad ver vla´ara±...obdi, ese
igi, moºexili megruli. nu exla, kartvelebsa akvt eseti
isa, ro dacinian, gaige? magram me ar vi¶avi... rogor
gitxra... nu ne abra¸ªala vnimanie na eºo.
xo, mainc la´ara±obdit.
30. b.k. (00:02:33:00:02:37) xo, mainc vla´ara±obdi da mere
upro gamartulad.
31. b.k.(00:02:37:00:02:44) ert ¦eli¦ad¸i u±ve normalurad
vicodi megruli (bela qerqaZe, daba jvari).
enobrivi situacia samegreloSi Tundac ramdenime
aTeuli wlis win iyo sakmaod gansxvavebuli dRevan-
delisgan _ tendencia aSkarad qarTuli enis sasarge-
blod ganviTarda.

79
 7. sociolingvisturi kiTxvarebis analizi

kiTxvarebSi, romlebic gamoiyeneba socioling-

visturi aRwerisas, enobriv sakiTxebze dasmuli Se-
kiTxvebi, rogorc wesi, fokusirebulia, erTi mxriv,
mSobliur enaze, meore mxriv - yoveldRiurad gamoye-
nebul enaze (saxlSi, saxls gareT); enaze, romelzec
laparakoben skolaSi an samsaxurSi da a. S. (metwilad
- saxelmwifo ena); Zalian mcire aRwera moiZebneba,
romelTa kiTxvarebSi Sesulia iseTi kiTxvebi, rom ga-
moavlinos im enebis Sesaxeb srulyofili informacia,
romlebsac respondenti flobs. vfiqrobT, am mxriv
kiTxvari, romelic Cveni jgufis mier SemuSavda, sak-
maod informatiulia.
kiTxvarebSi unda iyos adgili, sadac respon-
denti asaxavs ufro met informacias da kiTxva ar
unda Seicavdes mxolod erT pasuxs aramed saSuale-
bas iZleodes pasuxebis mravalferovnebisaTvis da,
Sesabamisad, enobrivi funqciebis mravalferovnebis
asaxvisTvis. (gansakuTrebiT ama Tu im jgufisadmi pi-
rovnebis asocirebis mravalferovnebasTan mimarTe-
biT).
es statistikuri Cveuleba gvxvdeba statistiku-
ri daTvlis procesSic; magaliTad, statistikis misa-

80
Rebad ama Tu im regionSi enobrivi umciresobebis
raodenobis misaRebad gamoiyeneba Semdegi tendencia:
enobrivi umciresobebis identifikacia xdeba mxolod
erTi enis meSveobiT, anu mSobliuri enis meSveobiT,
identifikacia xdeba am enis meSveobiT da statistika
ar iZleva aranair informacias am piris mier TviT
mSobliuri enis flobis donis Sesaxeb; iseve, rogorc
is, Tu ra daniSnulebiT, romel sferoebSi xdeba am
enis gamoyeneba. samwuxaro realobaa, rom erTi enis
saSualebiT identifikaciis midgoma dominanturia sa-
zogadoebaTa umravlesobaSi. Sesabamisad, am tipis de-
feqti gxvdeba sociolingvistur kvlevebSic.
magaliTad SegviZlia aviRoT friuli veneti
giulias (Crdilo-aRmosavleTi italia) magaliTi:
miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs araviTari oficia-
luri monacemi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdeni mosaxle la-
parakobs am regionSi sxvadasxva enaze, gamoTvlilia,
rom italiurad molaparake mosaxleoba Seadgens re-
gionis umravlesobas _ 52 %-s. Semdgom modis friu-
lur enaze molaparake mosaxleobis raodenoba (526
000 piri)... sloveniurad molaparakeebi warmoadgenen 56
000 adamians. mTlianobaSi am avtonomiuri regionis
mosaxleobis 43 % laparakobs friulur enaze, rac
maT mSobliur enas warmoadgens ; mxolod 4 % sau-
brobs sloveniur, 53 % italiur da 0.4 % germanulad.

81
miuxedavad am monacemebisa, statistika arafers gveub-
neba, ramdeni italiurad molaparake adamiani sau-
brobs amasTanave, friulur enazec; an sloveniurad
molaparake Tu saubrobs agreTve italiurad an
friulurad.
am monacemebSi saerTod ar aris ganmartebuli,
ras niSnavs cneba `saubrobs~. miuxedavad imisa, rom am
sityvis ganmarteba sakmaod mniSvnelovania yvela
kvlevis analizisTvis da albaT detalurma kvlevebma
unda moaxdinon am sityvis ganmarteba. raodenobrivi
klasifikacia ar aris dazRveuli cdomilebisagan,
rodesac axdens erTi enis safuZvelze garkveuli
kulturuli jgufisadmi individis mikuTvnebas, gansa-
kuTrebiT, Tuki es klasifikacia ar aris Zalian zus-
tad da frTxilad Sesrulebuli (J. beko, 2008, gv. 30)
individis mravalenovani repertuari Sedgeba
sxvadasxva enisgan, romelTac is daeufleba sxvadasx-
va gziT (bavSvobaSi, swavlebiT, damoukidebeli swa-
vliT da a. S.) da am procesSi is daeufla sxvadasxva
unars (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera da a. S.) sxva-
dasxva doneze. am enebs SeiZleba hqondeT sxvadasxva
funqcia da daniSnuleba; magaliTad, ojaxis SigniT
komunikaciis, mezoblebTan socializaciis, swavlis
procesebSi Tu samsaxurSi... ena warmoadgens safuZ-
vels, romelic aduRabebs garkveul jgufs kultu-

82
ruli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT saidentifikacio enis
garSemo. enobrivi repertuari gansxvavebulia: zo-
gierT jgufs gaaCnia identuri enobrivi repertuari,
rac ganpirobebulia istoriuli Tu geografiuli mi-
zezebiT da enobrivi repertuaridan individi irCevs
romelime erTs, simbolur enas, romlis garSemoc ya-
libdeba jgufi, Tumca, es, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs,
rom enobriv repertuarSi Semaval sxva enebs kargavs.
xdeba sxva enebis SeniRbulad an TviTcenzuriT ga-
moyeneba, anu ar xdeba am enebTan individis TviTiden-
tifikacia; Tumca xdeba am enebis garemoebebidan da
situaciidan gamomdinare gamoyeneba (9.34).
saidentifikacio enis TvalsazrisiT Zalian
saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs qarTvelologiuri jgu-
fis kiTxvari; zemoT aRniSnuli mravalferovnebis
(sxvadasxva enis flobis TvalsazrisiT) warmosaCenad:
pirveli, ase vTqvaT, `standartuli~ kiTxva dasmulia
am saxiT:
`romel enaze / enebze metyvelebT?~.
dasmul kiTxvaze 1189 pirma gasca pasuxi. maTgan
monolingvad warmoadgina Tavi mxolod 7-ma procentma
(87 respondenti: 81 – qarTuli, 4 – megrul-lazuri, 1 -
svanuri). or (da met) enovnad yvela danarCenma (53 %
- 630 resp. – qarTuli da megrul-lazuri; 28 % - 331
resp. – qarTuli da svanuri, 6, 5 % - 77 respondenti

83
flobs samsave qarTvelur enas). aRsaniSnavia, rom ru-
suli meore enad aisaxeba 45 respondentis pasuxebSi
(ZiriTadad, qarTul-rusuli enebis floba dasturde-
ba).
`mesame~ enad, rogorc mosalodnelia, Warbobs
rusuli: 664 respondenti; sxva enebidan gvxvdeba in-
glisuri, germanuli, Turquli, berZnuli, franguli,
espanuri, afxazuri, azerbaijanuli, osuri).
warmodgenili suraTiT Znelia imaze msjeloba,
Tu ra doneze flobs respondenti ama Tu im enas (ma-
galiTad, iyenebs Tu ara dasaxelebul enebs yovel-
dRiur cxovrebaSi; zepirmetyvelebis sferoSi gamoiye-
neba es enebi, oficialuri urTierTobis enaa da a. S. –
am pasuxebiT ver aRiwereba); Tumca, kargad aisaxeba im
enaTa CamonaTvali, romelTac respondentebi floben
TviTidentifikaciis enis (`simboluri enis~) garda.
garda amisa, SesaZlebelia saubari `simbolur enas-
Tan~ identificirebis TvalsazrisiT gamovlenil ten-
denciebze: arsebiTi mainc is aris, rom respondentTa
absoluturi umravlesoba im enad, romelzec `sau-
brobs~, asaxelebs qarTuls (mxolod 5 respondenti
ver flobs mas).
bunebrivia, realuri viTarebis dasazuteblad
saWiro gaxldaT `sakontrolo~, damazustebeli kiTx-
vebis dasma (magaliTad, iseTi kiTxvebisa, romelTa

84
meSveobiTac, Tundac miaxloebiT, gairkveoda, ra do-
neze flobs respondenti ama Tu im enas; agreTve am
enaTa gamoyenebis areals – funqciebsa da pragmatul
daniSnulebas). am mxriv sakmaod gaWirda adekvaturi
kiTxvebis dasma: magaliTad, kvlevis procesSi aRmoCn-
da, rom pirdapir dasmuli kiTxva: `romelia Tqveni
mSobliuri ena~ respondentebSi xSir SemTxvevaSi iw-
vevda dafarul Tu daufarav agresias, Sesabamisad,
undoblobas kiTxvaris mimarT (200-mde kiTxvari Seiv-
so am redaqciiT da orasive respondentma `mSobliur
enad~ daasaxela qarTuli, miuTiTebda ra iqve argu-
ments: `me qarTveli var da Cemi mSobliuri ena qar-
Tulia! – ra saWiroa aseTi maprovocirebeli kiTxve-
bis dasma?~; amasTan, Semdgom irkveoda, rom qarTuli
ena zogierT maTgans – ZiriTadad adgilmonacvle pi-
rebs afxazeTidan TbilisSi Camosvlis mere hqonda
Seswavlili). Sesabamisad, kiTxvarze momuSave jgufma
miiRo gadawyvetileba, Seecvala kiTxvis formulireba:
`romel enaze daiwyeT laparaki?~; romelsac mosdevs:
`romelia TqvenTvis meore ena?~, `romelia TqvenTvis
mesame (meoTxe...) ena?~...
gamokiTxul or (da met) enovan respondentTagan
pirvel enad (termin `mSobliuri enis~ gamoyenebas,
evrosabWos sabaziso dokumentebze dayrdnobiT, var-
CieT amgvari gadanawileba: pirveli ena, meore ena, me-

85
same /meoTxe/ ena...) qarTuli daasaxela 46 procentma
(546 resp.); megrul-lazuri – 28 % (331 resp.); svanuri –
18 % (212 resp.); sxva enebidan dasaxelda rusuli, af-
xazuri, osuri – 2 % (29 resp.).
aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebs saSualeba mie-
caT, `pirvel~ (Sesabamisad, `meore~, `mesame~) enad Se-
moexazaT ramdenime (rogorc wesi – Semoixazeboda
ori ena) ena: rogorc cnobilia, orenovan responden-
tebs xSirad uWirT gacnobiereba, romel enaze daiwyes
saubari da rodis Semovida maTs cxovrebaSi `meore
ena~; sainteresoa am TvalsazrisiT Semdegi monacemebi:
qarTuli da megrul-lazuri – 37 resp.; qarTuli da
svanuri – 34 resp (sul gamokiTxulTa 6 %).
am ori kiTxvis analizidan irkveva Semdegi:
696 respondentidan romelic flobs zanur (me-
grul-lazur) enas, 328-m pirvel enad moniSna qarTuli
(47,2 %); 331-ma – megrul-lazuri (47,5 %), orive gaaTa-
nabra – 37-ma (5,3 %).
412 respondentidan romelic flobs svanur
enas, 166-ma pirvel enad moniSna qarTuli (40,4 %); 212-
ma – svanuri (51,4 %), orive gaaTanabra – 34-ma (8,2 %).
warmodgenili monacemebis mixedviT, SesaZlebe-
lia zogadi daskvnis gakeTeba:
gamokiTxul respondentTa calsaxad mikuTvneba
(maTi TviTidentifikacia) konkretuli enisadmi ar

86
xdeba: gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis naxevari pirvel enad
aRiqvams megrul-lazurs / svanurs (49,4 %); respon-
dentTa didi nawili pirvel enad e. w. `simbolur
enas~ (`dedaenas~ - qarTuls) aRiqvams (43,8 %); 6,8 %
mkafio identifakacias ver axdens da afiqsirebs kla-
sikuri diglosiis faqts.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mosalodneli iyo garkveuli
sxvaobis arseboba adgilobriv mkvidrTa da adgilmo-
nacvle pirTa pasuxebs Soris: sazogadod, adgilmo-
nacvle pirebs, romelTac sxva enovan garemosTan meti
kontaqti aqvT, enobrivi integraciisTvis meti motiva-
cia eqmnebaT; miuxedavad amisa, kiTxvarebis analizis
Sedegad dadginda, rom adgilmonacvle pirTa ufro
maRali procenti pirvel enad megrul-lazurs / sva-
nurs asaxelebs (vidre adgilobrivi mcxovrebni);
saintereso Sedegi miviReT svanurenovan da zanureno-
van respondentTa gamokiTxvis Sedegad am Tvalsazri-
siT: aRsaniSnavia, rom svanurenovani respondentebi
mTlianad adgilmonacvle pirebi iyvnen (proeqtis
farglebSi gaTvaliswinebuli ar iyo sakuTriv sva-
neTSi sociolingvisturi kiTxvaris Sevseba – am saxis
kvleva specialuri proeqtis farglebSi ukve Catare-
buli gaxldaT); rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, maTi mxo-
lod 40,4 % miiCnevs qarTuls pirvel enad (maSin, ro-
ca zanurenovani respondentebis 47,2 % - TiTqmis 7 %-

87
iT meti – qarTuls pirvel enad aRiqvams); zanurenova-
ni adgilmonacvle pirebis aseve, daaxloebiT 40 %
aRiqvams qarTuls pirvel enad (maSin, roca samegre-
loSi gamokiTxulTa 50 %-ze meti miiCnevs qarTuls
pirvel enad).
vfiqrobT, am movlenas eZebneba logikuri axsna:
sxva enobriv garemoSi moxvedrili eTnografiuli
jgufi (zanurenovani, svanurenovani – qarTulenovan
garemoSi) cdilobs TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas: Tu
svaneTsa Tu samegreloSi es jgufebi enobrivi TviTi-
dentifikaciis TvalsazrisiT safrTxes ver xedaven, am
SemTxvevaSi isini cdiloben, `daicvan~ es kulturuli
fenomeni - es jgufi erTiandeba saidentifikacio enis
garSemo da mas aRiqvams, rogorc simbolur enas sa-
kuTari kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis `dacvis~ mizniT.
qarTulis, rogorc saidentifikacio enis aRqma
esoden maRali procentiT (rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,
kiTxvaris analizis Sedegad irkveva, rom funqcioni-
rebis TvalsazrisiT: ojaxSi, mSoblebTan, SvilebTan,
mezoblebTan da a. S. sakomunikacio instrumenti maTi
didi nawilisTvis zanuri / svanuri enaa), aseve logi-
kur axsnas eqvemdebareba: qarTuli, rogorc `dedaena~,
rogorc `elitaruli~ sametyvelo kodi, respondente-
bisTvis prestiJulobisa da eTnikuri identobis // igi-
veobis (`megreli var, svani var – ese igi, qarTveli

88
var~) maCvenebelia; Sesabamisad, miuxedavad obieqturi
wanamZRvrebisa, arCevani keTdeba emociuri niSniT –
TviTidentifikacia xom yvela SemTxvevaSi individis
emociuri arCevania da ara realobis pirdapiri asaxva
mis pasuxSi.
romelia Seni mSobliuri ena? _ es, erTi SexedviT,
martivi da uwyinari kiTxva Cvens respondentebs
xSirad abnevT, ar ician, ra upasuxon _ qarTvelebi
arian, ese igi, qarTulia mSobliuri ena, aseve ician
megruli ena, ician ki ara, amiT daiwyes metyveleba
(qarTuli mere iswavles), amdenad, megruli TavisTavad
gamodis mSobliuri ena (`Cemi mSobliuri ena aris
megrulic~, _ acxadebs erT-erTi forumeli). cxadia,
ufro ar davabnieT respondentebi da Segnebulad
moverideT kidev erT termins _ `dedaena~ (am terminis
Sesaxeb ix. zemoT).
respondentTa dabneulobas da imas, rom
gacnobierebuli ar aqvT `enobrivi problematika~,
martivi mizezi aqvs: ar aris es sakiTxi maTTvis
aqtualuri da arc iqneboda, sanam ZaliT ar
`gauaqtualurebdnen~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom visac miaCnia - misTvis mSobliuri
ena qarTulia, megruls dialeqtad miiCnevs, magram
visTvisac megruli iseTive enaa, rogoric qarTuli,
mSobliurad megruls miiCnevs, anu pirvel enas, enas,

89
romelzec is ametyvelda; rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,
erTi nawili orive enas (megrulsac da qarTulsac)
mSobliurad miiCnevs:
440. ©k. (27:44:27:50) kalbaºono babuca, ai, ¸eni m¸obliuri
ena romelia? m¸obliuri ena ¸eni...
441. nb. (27:50:27:53) m¸obliuri ena romelia? ªveni?
442. ©.k. (27:53:27:54) ¸eni, ho.
443. nb. (27:54:27:57) ªemi? megreli var, ra var.
444. ©.k. (27:57:28:00) ena? m¸obliuri ena romelia ¸eni?
445. nb (28:00:28:02) kartveli ara var? ra vici aba, rogor...
446. ©.k. (28:02:28:06) ena, ena... ai, megruli enaa m¸obliuri,
kartuli enaa m¸obliuri tu
447. ©.k. (28:06:28:08) svanuri tu rusuli tu romeli?
448. nb. (28:08:28:12) svanebtan ra minda, bi©o. megreli var.
449. ©.k. (28:12:28:14) ho... anu, megruli ena?
450. ©.k. (28:14:28:16) megruli enaa m¸obliuri?
451. nb. (28:16:28:19) m¸obliuri ena... megreli var da mere
kartulad...
452. nb. (28:19:28:22) kartuli... erovneba kartveli albat.
453. ©k. (28:22:28:23) erovneba ±i. enas geubnebi.
454. nb.(28:23:28:29) ena ar vici exla me, rogor gitxra. ...
455. ©.k. (28:29:28:31) m¸obliuri nina nam re... s±ano?
/m¸obliuri ena romelia ¸entvis?/
456. nb. (28:31:28:35) m¸obliuri ena re, magalto, margaluri...
megruli /m¸obliuri enaa, magalitad, megruli...
megruli/ (narouSvili babuci, zugdidi, Targamuli).
* * *
382. ©.k. (29:40:29:43) m¸obliuri ena romelia ¸entvis?
383. pk. (29:43:29:44) ªkimio, ªkim nina? /ªemi? ªemi ena?/
384. ©.k. (29:44:29:47) o, o /ho, ho/.
385. pk. (29:47:29:49) nam maxu°ansin /romelic mexerxeba/.
386. ©.k. (29:49:29:53) nam gaxu°ans? /romeli gexerxeba?/
387. pk. (29:53:29:56) nam meme´rianebun /romelic
mome´rianeba/.
388. ©.k. (29:56:29:58) var, ase m¸obliuri ¸xva re i¸en,
m¸obliuri... /ara, axla m¸obliuri ena sxva aris mainc,
m¸obliuri.../

90
389. pk. (29:58:30:01) m¸obliuri ena margali /m¸obliuri ena
megreli/.
390. ©.k. (30:01:30:02) margaluri /megruli/.
391. pk. (30:02:30:02) margaluri /megruli/.
392. ©.k. (30:02:30:03) kortuli? /kartuli?/
393. pk. (30:03:30:10) kortuli eki-ako /kartuli aka-ik/
(fufuli kankia, zugdidi, ingiri).

* * *
13. L. E. (0:01:05.480) Tkvan m¸obliur nina mu re? /Tkveni
m¸obliuri ena ra ari?/
14. P. M. (0:01:07.640) m¸obl... mu re, margalÊ /m¸obl... ra aris,
megruli/
15. L. E. (0:01:08.760) margalur xo? korTul nina? /megruli
xom? karTuli ena?/
16. P. M. (0:01:12.560) korTul nina, erovnebiT karTveli xo var
/karTuli ena, erovnebiT karTveli xo var/.
17. L. E. (0:01:16.400) xo, erovnebiT karTveli ro varT imis
dasï uria karTuli enis ploba /xo, erovnebiT karTveli
ro varT imis dasï uria karTuli enis ploba/.
18. P. M. (0:01:20.680) karTuli vis¦avleT Æven roca....
(fufuli morgoSia, Tbilisi)
* * *
167. ZG. (0:10:18.100) (20) ai, mamaÄemi da me su kartulad
vlaåaraÖobdit.
168. RG. (0:10:20.100) (23) Äemi mamamtili...
169. ZG. (0:10:23.100) (27) antasêe artêa marga... vaa... ýaan
naÖlebo. odo, diaÄkimÂÖuma ko /atasidan ertxel
megru... ara... ýaan naÖlebad. hoda, dedaÄemtan Öi/.
170. RG. (0:10:27.100) (29) dedis gavlena iço mand.
171. ©.K. (0:10:29.100) (31) êeni mêobliuri ena maêin kartuli
çopila.
172. ZG. (0:10:31.100) (35) mêobliuri ena mainc... ra vici axla...
173. ©.K. (0:10:35.100) (42) ara, ese igi, tu ena aidgi
kartulad... xo es aris, xo mêobliuri?
174. ZG. (0:10:42.100) (45) Äemtvis orive ertia (rusudan
gvilia, zurab gogia, zugdidi).

91
 nano lagvilava merve klasSia, man jer megruli
iswavla da Semdeg - qarTuli, orive erTnairad icis.
mSobliuri ena misTvis megrulia, ibneva kiTxvaze _
maS qarTuli ena ra aris, Tu megrulia mSobliuri:
135. ©.K. (0:08:42.640) si margalur u°gu¸o giÆkuno Tu
korTuli? /¸en megruli uÖeTesad ici Tu karTuli?/
136. N.L. (0:08:45.360) ¼irxolo /orive/.
137. ©.K. (0:08:46.400) ¼irxolo arTnerovo? dio nam digure?
/orive erTnairad? °er romeli is¦avle?/
138. N.L. (0:08:50.000) megruli da mere karTuli.
139. ©.K. (0:08:52.480) °er megruli da mere karTuli.
140. ©.K. (0:08:56.000) ¸en rogor Tvli, ¸eni m¸obliuri ena
romelia?
141. N. L. (0:08:58.240) megruli.
142. ©.K. (0:08:59.320) megruli? karTuli ra aris ma¸in?
143. N. L. (0:09:04.080) karTuli?
144. ©.K. (0:09:07.040) ra aris mainï eresebs, karTulic
m¸obliuria? a? orive m¸obliuria? a? orive m¸obliuria?
(nano lagvilava, zugdidi, ingiri).

es sakiTxi sakmaod sainteresod ganixileba

internet-forumebSi; vfiqrobT, saintereso iqneba erT-
erT amgvar internet-forumSi (www.forum.ge)
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis damowmeba:
`saqarTveloSi qarTuli ena aris saxelmwifo da
Sesabamisad mSobliuric. magram termini `mSobliuri~
imitomacaa ase mofiqrebuli, rom es im enas exeba,
romelzec mSoblebi saubroben da zrdian Svilebs.
amitomac araferia dasaZraxi Tu vinme megruls
mSobliur enad aRiqvams, da miTumetes, araferia amaSi
qarTulisTvis saziano. davijero axla faxulanSi
92
mcxovrebi gogoxiebi Tu sxvebi akvanSi mwoliare
bavSvebs qarTulad umRerian nanas? es aris
individualuri sakiTxi da arc Sen arc me ar gvaqvs
ufleba davawesoT raime saxis dogmatika am sakiTxSi~.
megrelebi xSirad iwoneben Tavs, rom isini
pirdapir saliteraturo qarTuls swavloben da am
mxriv ufro daxvewilad metyveleben, vidre
saqarTvelos sxva kuTxis warmomadgenlebi. amasve
acxadebs Cveni erT-erTi respondenti:
30. P. M. 0:02:00.000 akana, ikana, Ta¸ Tkuana, gramaï iÖuli
korTuli ibgureT Æki, margalepk do Tina miÆkuna
/akana, ikana, ase amboben, gramaï iÖuli karTuli
vis¦avleT Æven, megrelebma da is viciT/ (fufuli
morgoSia, Tbilisi).

* * *
proeqtis farglebSi Sedgenili sociolingvis-
turi kiTxvaris umniSvnelovanesi nawilia kiTxvebis
jgufi respondentTa enobrivi repertuaris gamoyene-
bis sferoebis dadgenis irgvliv. cxadia, rom diglo-
siis pirobebSi qarTveluri enebi erTmaneTisgan
sxvaoben funqciebiT: megrul-lazurisa da svanuris
gamoyenebis areali ar scdeba yoveldRiur yofiT ko-
munikaciebs (ix. T. bolqvaZe, 2007, 223). sxvadasxva so-
cialur jgufSi adre warmoebuli kvlevebis mixedviT,
warmodgenilia megrulis gamoyenebis arealis Semdegi
sferoebi:

93
 Sin, zepir folklorSi, bazarSi, dakrZalvisas,
sufrasTan, skolaSi Tavisufal dros, sabavSvo baRSi,
glexebi muSaobis dros, universitetSi Tavisufal
dros, piradi mimowerisas (damowmebulia T. bolqvaZis
statiis - 2007, gv. 224 mixedviT).
Cvens kiTxvarSi gaviTvaliswineT Semdegi mniSv-
nelovani faqtori: rogorc cnobilia, sociolingvis-
tikaSi gamoyofen werilobiT  zepiri metyvelebis
enas: es aris enis sxvadasxva formebis daniSnuleba da
imazea damokidebuli, Tu romeli sfero gamoiyeneba
(laparaki / zepiri metyveleba Tu wera). komunikaciis
am or formas aqvs sakuTari damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebebi: struqtura, organizacia, reestri (enobrivi
ganaTlebis politikis ganviTareba evropaSi -
saxelmZRvanelo principebi, 2008, gv. 134-137); rac
mTavaria, zepiri metyvelebis ena xSirad naklebi
socialuri statusis mqonea da ver (an ar) viTardeba
misi werilobiTi forma. Sesabamisad, kiTxvebi
dajgufda 3 blokad:
1. kiTxvebi, romlebic exeba respondentTa ze-
pirmetyvelebiT (amasTanave, araformalur)
komunikacias (laparakisa da mosmenis unare-
bi);

94
 2. kiTxvebi, romlebic respondentTa kiTxvisa
da weriT unarebs exeba da weriTi formis
komunikaciis repertuars asaxavs.

pirveli blokis kiTxvebi:

a. enis gamoyeneba Sin:
romel enaze elaparakebiT / elaparakebodiT ma-
maTqvens?; romel enaze elaparakebiT / elaparakebodiT
dedaTqvens?; romel enaze elaparakebiT / elaparake-
bodiT dedmamiSvilebs?; romel enaze elaparakebiT /
elaparakebodiT meuRles?; romel enaze elaparakebiT
/ elaparakebodiT Svilebs?; romel enaze saubroben /
saubrobdnen Tqveni mSoblebi?; romel enaze saubroben
/ saubrobdnen Tqveni bebia da babua?; romel enaze me-
tyvelebs / metyvelebda Tqveni meuRle?; romel enaze
elaparakeba / elaparakeboda meuRle Svilebs?; romel
enaze elaparakeba / elaparakeboda meuRle Tqvens
mSoblebs? romel enaze / enebze laparakobdnen Tqveni
Svilebi skolaSi Sesvlamde?; romel enaze / enebze
laparakoben / laparakobdnen Tqveni Svilebi
erTmaneTTan saxlSi?; ra enaze loculobT TqvenTvis,
roca marto xarT?; ra enaze loculobT eklesiaSi?;
ra enaze brazobT, iginebiT, iwyevlebiT?; ra enaze
angariSobT (iTvliT)? ra enaze elaparakebiT sakuTar

95
Tavs, roca marto xarT? ra enaze ocnebobT?; ra enaze
laparakobT sizmrebSi?;
b. enis gamoyeneba yoveldRiur yofaSi (TemSi):
romel enaze elaparakebiT mezoblebs?; yvelaze
xSirad romel enaze giwevT saubari Tqvens sofelSi
(ubanSi)?; yvelaze xSirad romel enaze giwevT saubari
soflis uxucesebTan?; yvelaze xSirad romel enaze
giwevT/giwevdaT saubari bazarSi?.

g. enis gamoyeneba oficialur

struqturebTan:
yvelaze xSirad romel enaze giwevT / giwevdaT
saubari TanamSromlebTan?; yvelaze xSirad romel
enaze giwevT / giwevdaT saubari raionis administra-
ciasTan?; yvelaze xSirad romel enaze giwevT / giwev-
daT saubari saavadmyofoSi?; yvelaze xSirad romel
enaze giwevT/giwevdaT saubari skolaSi maswavle-
blebTan?; yvelaze xSirad romel enaze giwevT / gi-
wevdaT saubari avtosadguris / rkinigzis sadguris
salaroebSi?
* * *
kiTxvaris TiToeuli kiTxvis analizis saWiroe-
ba, vfiqrobT, amjerad ar arsebobs (arsebiTad, msgavsi
viTarebaa TiToeuli qvejgufis SigniT), Tumca, migvaC-
nia, rom samive qvejgufis zogad tendenciebze saubari

96
 statistikuri TvalsazrisiT, saintereso suraTs
iZleva:
zanurenovani resp. svanurenovani resp.
qarT. zan. orive qarT. svan. orive
1. Sin: 20 % 56 % 24 % 30 % 35 % 35 %
2. TemSi 25 % 46 % 29 % 50 % 24 % 26 %
3. ofic. 82 % 8 % 10 % 86 % 6 % 8 %
struqt.

calkea gansaxilveli kiTxvebi, romlebic masme-

diis saSualebebs (televizia, radiomauwyebloba) exe-
ba; kiTxvebi formulirebuli iyo Semdegnairad:
a. romel enaze / enebze usmenT radios?;
saWirod migaCniaT Tu ara radiogadace-
mebi megrul-lazur/svanur enaze?; Tu
ara, ratom?
b. romelenovan satelevizio gadacemebs
uyurebT?; saWirod migaCniaT Tu ara sa-
televizio gadacemebi megrul-
lazurad/svanurad?; Tu ara, ratom?
aRsaniSnavia, rom kiTxvebi erTgvar SefasebiT
elfers Seicavs da, SeiZleba iTqvas, `tabuirebul~
Temadac aRiqmeba sazogadoebaSi: samwuxarod, xelov-
nurad ukavSireben ama Tu im enis oficialuri statu-
sis sakiTxs; Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom, magaliTad, za-

97
nuri enis lazur dialeqtze warmoebuli radiogada-
cemebi didi mowonebiT sargeblobs ara mxolod za-
nurenovan msmenelebSi da saxelmwifoebriv safrTxed
arc aRiqmeba. am TvalsazrisiT, saintereso iyo moti-
vaciis garkveva, Tu ratom ar surda respondents za-
nurenovani / svanurenovani tele-radiogadacemebis ar-
seboba.
zanurenovani gadacemebis winaaRmdegi gamokiT-
xulTa 82 %-ia (daaxloebiT Tanabaria radio da te-
legadacemebis Taobaze informacia); motivacia ki, Zi-
riTadad, Semdegnairia:
a. xazgasmulia gagebinebis problema:
ar aris aucilebeli, qarTuli yvelas esmis,
megruli _ ara;
ar iqneba yvelasTvis gasagebi;
ar aris saWiro eg kuTxuria da meti arafe-
ri;
b. xazi esmeva qarTuli enis makonsolidirebel
funqcias (qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa):
ar aris aucilebeli, radgan qarTuli ena
sayovelTao enaa;
imitom, rom saxelmwifo ena aris qarTuli
ena;
qarTuli saxelmwifo enaa, megruli _ ara;

98
 Cveni konsolidireba xdeba qarTuli enis
meSveobiT;
imitom, rom Cveni erovnuli ena qarTulia da
yvelam unda icodes igi...
mimaCnia, rom satelevizio gadacemebi unda
mimdinareobdes saxelmwifo enaze...
g. Sefaseba politikur WrilSi gadadis da pa-
suxebi agresiuli xdeba:
ar aris saWiro; ar mimaCnia mizanSewonilad;
ar aris saWiro, es imas niSnavs rom megruli
gamoeyos qarTuls;
ar aris saWiro, maSin roca saxelmwifo enad
qarTuli ena gvaqvs;
ara mgonia kargi iyos saqarTvelosTvis;
dayavi da ibatones Seuwyobs xels...
cudi SekiTxvaa, yovelive amas mere politi-
kuri Sefaseba rom ar mieces.
gamokiTxulTa erTi nawili axdens diferenci-
rebas:
gadacemebi ar mimaCnia saWirod megrul-lazurad da
svanurad, magram maT Sesaxeb ki unda keTdebodes ga-
dacemebi.

Cveni respondentebisTvis megruli Tu

svanurenovani radio-televiziis arsebobis sakiTxi

99
naklebad aqtualuria. am SemTxvevaSi aranairi
mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, megruli (svanuri) ukeT
icis adamianma Tu qarTuli, xSir SemTxvevaSi megruli
(svanuri) ukeT ician, magram arCevans mainc akeTeben
qarTulze, rogorc mediasaSualebebis enaze
(gamokiTxulTa 80 %-ze meti qarTulenovan gadacemebs
uWers mxars); magaliTad, megruli, babuci qiria-
narouSvilis azriT, ar aris amisTvis Sesaferisi ena:
514. ©.k. (31:44:31:49) ºelevizor¸i ro i¶os megrulad
gadacema? radio¸i?
515-516. n.b. (31:49:31:54) ra vici axla... mainc gagexardeba
¸eni siº¶va megrulad ro ¦acdeba... xo... xo... zogiertebs,
magalto u±atuana margalurs xolo mudgains, jaxanin...
/zogiertebs, magalitad, ureven megrulsac ra¬acas,
hoda.../.
517. ©.k. (31:58:32:02) ara, tavidan bolomde... gadacema ro
i¶os... ºelevizia ro i¶os megruli.
518. n.b. (32:02:32:05) ra vici exla... exla megrelebis is aris
exla... xalxi u±ve germanulad da ber¾nulad la´ara±obs
xalxi da...
520. ©.k. (32:12:32:14) mu¸en, ªiªie nina reno margaluri?
/raºom, glaxa enaa megruli?/
521. n.b. (32:14:32:19) vaar, mu¸enie, mara mu©ot tecalini,
margaluri meºi gaºaxali re, ¾neli /ara, raºom, magram
rogorc aseti, megruli upro meºad gasaºexia, ¾nelia/
(narouSvili babuci, zugdidi, Targamuli).

miuRebeli aRmoCnda imave respondentisTvis

sakiTxis ase dasmis SesaZlebloba _ ramdenad
SeiZleboda yofiliyo mizanSewonili megrulad
swavleba skolaSi:

100
 542. ©.k. (33:50:33:52) s±olasi margaluro oguruanini?
/s±ola¸i rom megrulad as¦avlon?/
543. n.b. (33:52:34:01) mu¸o o±o, si ±oªi margaluri gurapa
an¦i. u±axale ibdato, ¦imi o±o iden vara... margaluri
gurapa d¬as vardu s±olas /rad unda, ¸e ±aco megruli
s¦avla a¦i. u±an ¦avidet? ¦in unda iaro, torem... megruli
s¦avla misd¬em¸i ar ¶opila s±ola¸i/ (narouSvili
babuci, zugdidi, Targamuli).

nakleb problemas xedavs megrulad Tu svanu-

rad garkveuli `saSinao~ religiuri ritualebis Se-
srulebaSic (rac namdvilad ar exeba eklesiaSi mis
qcevas – respondentTa 84 procenti miiCnevs, rom ofi-
cialuri saeklesio ena – qarTulia!):
amis mizezi erTia da martivi, _ sakmaod didi xnis
ganmavlobaSi xalxsa da eklesias Soris gadaulaxavi
barieri aRmarTes komunistebma, qristiani adamianebi
inerciiT asrulebdnen garkveul religiur
ritualebs, magram mTeli Taobebi gaizarda bibliisa
da moZRvris swavla-darigebis gareSe. bunebrivia, am
adamianebs ar hqondaT elementaruli religiuri
ganswavluloba, isini cdilobdnen TavianTi sityvebiT
miemarTaT uflisTvis da mSobliuri eniT
warmoeTqvaT is martivi locvebi, rac maT moesminaT
da eswavlaT vinmesgan an TviTon cdilobdnen am
dros garkveul improvizebas:
626. ©.k. (40:36:40:41) ti ixvamank sin, kortulo iªiebuko
xvamas, locvas tu margaluro? /ai, rom loculob ¸en,
kartulad ambob locvas tu megrulad?/
101
627 .nb. (40:41:40:44) mus ipxvama ase, vara, margaluro,
magalto /ras vloculob me axla, magram megrulad,
magalitad/.
628. ©.k. (40:44:40:45) mu©o tkua, magalto? /rogor iº¶vi,
magalitad?/
629-631. nb. (40:45:40:49-40:51:40:56) ¬oronti, dixvamu s±an
saxelk, ¬oronti, ... tena, gouºibine ªkim o°axis, ªkim
s±ualeps. ase, ixvamandu ªkim muantili, vara ma mus
ipxvama ase i¸endoi¸eni /¬merto, dailocos ¸eni saxeli,
¬merto... es... mieci ¦¶aloba ªems o°axs, ªems ¸vilebs.
axla, iloceboda ªemi mamamtili, torem me ras
vilocebi axla maincdamainc/.
632. ©.k. (40:56:40:59) mudgas ixvamankin, mu©o tkuank?
/rasac ilocebi, rogor ambob?/
633. nb. (40:59:41:04) ¬oronti guºibine ªkim o°axis amd¬ar
xvama... /¬merto, ¦¶aloba hkondes /gauTbe/ ªems o°axs
d¬evandeli locvit.../.
650. ©.k. (42:07:42:12) e±lesia¸a minurkun, tek xolo
margaluro tkuanko? /e±lesia¸i rom ¸edixar, ikac
megrulad ambob?/
651 .nb .(42:12:42:14) margaluro ptkuank /megrulad vambob/.
652. ©.k. (42:14:42:16) oxvame¸a minurkÊn. tek mu©o tkua?
/salocav¸i rom ¸edixar. ik rogor iº¶vi?/
653-656. nb. (42:16:42:19-42:24:42:29) tek xolo te¸ ptkuank ase,
¬oronti dixvamu s±ani saxelk... mariam ¬vtim¸obeli,
s±an saxeli xvameli, jaxa, ¬oronti, s±an ¾ala do s±an
ºibini kimemiªi ªkim o°axis, ªkim mota do s±ua¸a,
jaxanin, ates ptkuank, margaluro ptkuank. /ikac ise
viº¶vi axla, ¬merto, dailoca ¸eni saxeli... mariam
¬vtism¸obelo, dailocos ¸eni saxeli, ho, ¬merto, ¸eni
¾ala da ¦¶aloba mieci ªems o°axs, ªems ¸vili¸vilsa da
¸vils, ho, amas viº¶vi, megrulad viº¶vi /.
657. ©.k. (42:29:42:30) kortulo var /kartulad ara/.
658. nb. (42:30:42:32) kortulo mu¸e ptkua ase i¸en do i¸eni
/kartulad raºom viº¶vi axla maincdamainc/.
659. ©.k. (42:32:42:33) var, kojªkuno? /ara, tu ici.../
660. nb. (42:33:42:37) oo, magalto, margaluro ptkuank, mu¼an
minuluni tin¦±uma /oo, magalitad, megrulad viº¶vi,
rodesac ¸evdivar ma¸in/.

102
661. ©.k. (42:37:42:39) xolo munero tkuank? /±idev rogor
iº¶vi?/
662. nb. (42:39:42:40) xolo... /±idev.../
663. ©.k. (42:40:42:43) vtkvat, ¦minda giorgis mus txink
varda... /vtkvat, ¦minda giorgis ras stxov an.../
664-675. nb.(42:43:42:47-43:28:43:32) ¦minda giorgis ptxinkÊ:
dud do ¬oronti, s±an saxeli xvameli, ¦minda giorgi,
kimemiªi s±an ¾ala, s±an ºibini, s±an ¾ala vemiar±a
ªkim o°axis, s±an imendi do s±an ¾ala, s±an oro¸
goluapiro... jaxa, mariam ¬vtim¸obeli, s±an dixa vorek,
s±an mona vorek, atna sodgaren eno©aru. breli...
biblia¸i ma... so mi¬udu tena ªkimobas do u±uli ti¸ dudi
vami¬u ma.... ªkimi dadi mi°oxodesÊn, tena mudgas
tkuandun, tinas iprªkiluapuk ma ase, biblias
©arunien. jaxado, ªkimi dadi mi¸inandu, _ mariam
¬vtim¸obeli, s±an saxeli xvameli, ªkim mota do s±ua
kudomrine °giro, xvamelo, vemiar±a s±ani ºibini...
ates tkuandu do, _ skan dixa vorek, skan saxeli
xvamelia... /¦minda giorgis vtxov: ¬merto didebulo,
dailocos ¸eni saxeli, ¦minda giorgi, mieci ¸eni ¾ala,
¸eni ¦¶aloba, ¸eni ¾ala ar momi±lo ªems o°axs, ¸eni
imedi da ¾ala, ¸ens ªrdils ¸emovevle. ho, mariam
¬vtism¸obelo, ¸eni mi¦a var, ¸eni mona var... es sad¬ac
¦eria... bevri... bibliisa me... sad mkonda es ªemoba¸i da
mere magis tavis ar makvs me... ªems dadis rom
ve¾axdit, is rasac iº¶oda, imas vismen me axla, rom
biblia¸i ¦eriao. hoda, ªemi dadi moixseniebda, _
mariam ¬vtism¸obelo, dalocvili [i¶os] ¸eni saxeli,
ªemi ¸vili¸vili da ¸vili mim¶ope ±argad, dalocvilad,
ar moa±lo ¸eni ¦¶aloba... amas iº¶oda da, _ ¸eni mi¦a var,
¸eni mona varo, dailocos Seni saxelio/.
679. ©.k. (43:49:43:50) "mamao ªveno" vaiªkuno? /"mamao
ªveno" ar ici?/
680. nb. (43:50:43:55) "mamao ªveno" ©i©e miªku, breli var.
ar¾a vamiªku "mamao ªveno" /"mamao ªveno" coºa vici,
bevri ara. ¶vela ar vici "mamao ªveno"/
(narouSvili babuci, zugdidi, Targamuli).
***

103
 48. ©.k. 0:03:29.840 eÖlesia¸a minurTuni /eÖlesia¸i rom
¸edixarT/,
49. T.I. 0:03:31.360 a eÖlesia¸a minurkunio? mama upali /a
eÖlesi¸i rom ¸evdivar? mama upali/,
50. ©.k. 0:03:34.520 nam locvas TkuanT? /romel locvas
iï ¶viT?/
51. T.I. 0:03:36.720 margaluro kopTkuank /megrulad viï ¶vi/,
52. ©.k. 0:03:39.200 margaluro namus iÆiebuT? /megrulad
romels ambobT?/
53-54. T.I. 0:03:41.840-0:03:48.000 mu©o gi¦ua ase mu miÆk,
ÌoronT dixvamu sÖani saxelki, mama upalo /rogor
giTxra exla, ar vici, ÌmerTo dailocos ¸eni saxeli/,
55. ©.k. 0:03:51.600 korTuli? /karTulad?/
56. T.I. 0:03:52.480 sÖanda miÌu imendi, ÌoronTi, vemioTa
sÖani gaÖeTebuli kiana /¸eni imedi makvs, ÌmerTo, ar
daÖargo ¸eni ¸ekmnili kve¶ana/.
57. ©.k. 0:04:00.280 don°ira¸ ¦oxle vaTkuanTo? /ýilis ¦in ar
ambobT?/
58. T.I. 0:04:01.680 a?
59. ©.k. 0:04:02.400 don°ira¸ ¦oxle, seriT /da¦olis ¦in, Ìame/.
60. T.I. 0:04:03.720 ko /Öi/.
61. ©.k. 0:04:04.080 mus TkuanT Ti¦Öma /ras ambobT ma¸in/
62. T.I. 0:04:05.200-0:04:07.680 aTa¸ pTkuanT Tes xolo, odo
sxvaTa¸oris, mamao Ævenos meï namTin vamÆkudu, aTna
miÆkud xvale /ase viï ¶viT amasac, da sxvaTa¸oris,
mamao Ævenos garda arcerTi ar vicodi, es vicodi
marï o/(Tina iaSvili, Tbilisi).
aRsaniSnavia erTgvari kompleqsis arseboba me-
grulis (svanuris) `araprestiJulobis~ gamo: respon-
dentTa nawili ar malavs qarTulenovani adamianebis
erTgvar gaRizianebas megrul-svanuri metyvelebis
mosmenaze (rogorc Cans, am SemTxvevaSi maTi
gaRizianebis erTgvari safuZveli iyos
gaucnobierebeli SiSi imisa, rom es `ucxo~ metyveleba
qarTvelTa erTianobisTvis safrTxes warmoadgens, an,

104
saerTod, gaucxoebis mimarT aqvT garkveuli reaqcia),
rac maT garkveul problemebs uqmniT:
78. G.P. (0:05:50.000) Öi, Öi, êemxvedria, ra tkma unda, ai,
tundac saubari, raÌac Öutxuri, es saubari mainc
raÌacas iÂvevs,
80. G.P. (0:05:59.000) vinc ar icis da ar esmis es ena, ra tkma
unda, raÌac cud imas iÂvevs ra adamianêi.
81. G.P. (06:06:05.000) bevri reåliÖac gamigia, raÌac... Äems
mimart ara, magram saertod?
82. L.E. (0:06:09.000) es - aramegrelebisgan, xom?
83. ±.G. (0:06:12.000) xevsurulad da tuêurad rom laåaraÖobs
vinme, imis mimart ar aris xolme egeti reåliÖa?
84. G.P. (0:06:16.000) es tviton adamianis bunebaêi devs,
{rodesac ver igebs da ar esmis, raÌacnair imas iÂvevs
ra...}
86. ±.G. 00 : 06: 23 - (0:06:26.000) xevsuruli, vtkvat, esmis,
magram dialekï uri laåaraÖis mimart ar aris egeti
damoÖidebuleba?
88. G.P. (0:06:33.000) nu, exla, megruli upro meï ia...
90. L.E (0:06:39.000) is ar iÂvevda, raÌac vtkvat, eset
damoÖidebulebas?
91. G.P. (0:06:44.000) ara, ar iÂvevda.
92. ±.G. (0:06:46.000) vtkvat, aÅarulad an imerulad, ro
ukceven an kutaisurad?
93. G.P. (0:06:49.000) nu, es xumrobaêi da imaêi gadadis.
94. ±.G. (0:06:50.000) xumrobaêi gadadis, ar aÌizianebt (gia
fanCviZe, Tbilisi, nuc., pl.).

es sakiTxic aRelvebT forumelebs, TavianT

damokidebulebas avlenen:
`dRes ki xalxi marSutkaSi ori megrelis saubarze
Riziandeba~.

105
 `svanuri ar gamigonia da megrulad rom
laparakoben vRiziandebi da gverdze gavdivar,
ratomRac ar msiamovnebs~....
aris am problemis erTgvari analizis cdac:
`is, rom romeliRac megrels an svans an lazs
`utydeba~ megrulad, svanurad lazurad laparaki, es
saqarTvelos da am sazizRari qorTuebis brali ki
ara, am individebis dabali mentaliteti da TavianTi
kuTxis udierad mopyroba da upativcemulobaa. es
sazogadoebrivi azris bralia, rac administraciuli
meqanizmiT devnaze uaresad moqmedebs~.
faqtia, rom Tavad megrel-svanebis nawils
raRacnairad eCoTireba `sazogadoebaSi~ megrulad da
svanurad laparaki, ukulturobad miaCniaT es,
erTgvari kompleqsi aqvT, miaCniaT, rom es aris
araprestiJuli enebi da maTi gamoyeneba
sazogadoebaSi sircxvilia, viRacebs eWvi SeeparebaT
am enebze metyvelTa kulturulobasa da ganaTlebaSi
(aqve isic aris aRsaniSnavi, rom devnilebis didi
raodenobis Casaxlebam did qalaqebSi am mxriv
garkveuli koreqtivebi Seitana, TiTqos Seicvala
suraTi _ dRes, vTqvaT, TbilisSi megruli da svanuri
metyveleba ufro metad ismis, vidre Tundac ori-sami
aTeuli wlis win (damxvdurebma, rogorc Cans, `yuri
SeaCvies~ megrul-svanurs). cxadia, amis erT-erTi

106
mizezi is aris, rom devnilebis nawilma (es ufro
megrelebs exebaT) saTanadod ar icoda qarTuli,
meore mxriv, kompaqturad Casaxlebulni da saerTo
samuSaoTi dakavSirebulni mimarTaven bunebriv
sakomunikacio saSualebas - qarTuls:
445-447. A.I. (00:34:25.000-00:34:35.000) þer exla, meï roti rom
davdivar ara? me tviton mrcxvenia, rom daiÂçeben
çaçans am megruliT, Äemo baï ono, Öulï ura unda gkondes.
esec taviseburi Öulï uris gamoxaï vaa.
448. ±.G. (00:34:37.000) sircxvilia megrulad laåaraÖi?
449. A.I. (00:34:38.000) ara, sircxvili araa, magram raÌaca
uadgilod geÄveneba.
451. ±.G. (00:34:43.000) ai, somxurad rom laåaraÖoben...
452. A.I. (00:34:46.000) sada?
453. ±.G. (00:34:47.000) nu, siï çvaze meï roêi.
454 . A.I. 00 : 34 :48 me, magalitad, saertod, tu mÖitxav...
456. ±.G. (00:34:54.000) ingliselebi rom laåaraÖoben vtkvat,
meï roêi, inglisurad rom laåaraÖoben normaluria xom?
457. A.I. (00:34:58.000) imatma ar ician kartuli da
inglisurad unda ilaåaraÖon (aleko iosava,
Tbilisi).

megrelebis meore nawili SeiZleba iTqvas,

demonstraciulad axdens imis afiSirebas, rom is
megrelia da megrulad laparaki eamayeba. ocdaaTiode
wlis win erT-erT aseT `Tavgamodebul~ megrels
axlobeli gogonas risxva daatyda Tavs avtobusSi
gamoCenili megruli `enobrivi politikis~ gamo:
637-639. R.G. (0:32:58.330) (02) xoda, avedit da me vutxari,
axla Öulï urulad moikeci, samarcxvinod ar moikce-
metki, me vutxari da... mtel xmaze daiÂço Ìriali.
siï çva, xma ar amomiÌia vabêe.

107
 640. ©.K. (0:33:09.330) (09) mus iÄiebudu? /ras ambobda?/
641. R.G. (0:33:09.330) (16) ra... siï çvep vapêu, mara... ra vici,
margaluro mudgarens Ìirtandu, mu miÄku... /ra...
siï çvebi ar maxsovs, magram... ra vici, megrulad
raÌacas çviroda, ra vici.../
642. ©.K. (0:33:16.330) (16) margaluro iÄiebudu si onþÌorek
dugaguruo? /megrulad laåaraÖobda da êen êegrcxva?
645. R.G. (0:33:20.330) (22) uÖulï urod ikceoda, Öaco.
646. ©.K. (0:33:22.330) (24) var, te ragadiêen dugaguruo
onþÌorek tu saertot... /ara, am laåaraÖis gamo
êegrcxva tu saertod.../.
647. R.G. (0:33:24.330) (26) uÖulï urod ikceoda, Ìrialebda
mtel xmaze.
648. ©.K. (0:33:26.330) (27) ragadêen vario? /laåaraÖis gamo
ara?/
649. R.G. (0:33:27.330) (32) ragadêen mu miÄku ase... ar vici.
ver viï çvi exla, ï çuils ver viï çvi /laåaraÖis gamo ra
vici axla... ver viï çvi exla, ï çuils ver viï çvi/.
650-656. R.G. (0:33:32.330) (35) is Öi ambobs, rom megrulad
rom vlaåaraÖobdi, imiï omo, mara me tavidanve
gavaprtxile,, Âesierad moikeci-metki. hoda, me
davade tavi da vitom ara var magastan da Âavedi Âin
da saertod ar vusmen. mtel xmaze daiÂço, uÖve
kartulad, Ìriali. ra ario, gogo, êen giï çdebao, me rom
megrulad vlaåaraÖobo, vitom neviúus rom mirï çamo?
rogorc Öi gaÄerda avï obusi da Äamovxï i egreve. vitom
Äemtan ar iço (rusudan gvilia, zugdidi).

samegrelos regionebSi megruli ena alternatiuli

enaa TanamSromlebTan urTierTobisas (es ar exeba,
cxadia, oficialur urTierTobebs):
672. ©.K. (0:34:55.340) (58) tviton samsaxurs dinaxale
margaluro iÄiebudit... /tviton samsaxuris êignit
megrulad laåaraÖobdit.../
673. R.G. (0:34:58.350) (04) kartul... kortulo. mara gaaÄnia
ikac, çvelastan Öi ara, mara mainc, ýiritadad
/kartul... kartulad. mara gaaÄnia ikac, çvelastan Öi
108
 ara, mara mainc, ýiritadad/(rusudan gvilia,
zugdidi).
Cveulebriv, adamianebs gamomuშavebuli aqvT
erTgvari reფleქsi: TavianTi nacnob-axloblebis erTi
კaტegoriisTvis bunebrivad erTi sameტყvelo კodi
aქvT შerCeuli, meorisTvis _ meore, mesamisTvis
SeiZleba Sereuli kodebi gamoiyenon:
23-28. T.N. 0:01:08.200-0:01:25.040 megrulad, gaaÆnia exla
visTan, ari Öaï egoria axalgazrdebis, romlebTac
karTulad mi¦evs la´araÖi da ari Öaï egoria umre...
umeï esad megrulad, Tundac o°ax¸i, ai samezoblo¸i,
°var¸i rom var umeï esad megrulad, upro meï ad,
axalgazrdebTan ¸ereulad (Tamuna nadaraia, daba
jvari).
***
675. R.G. (0:35:04.350) (10) da... axla Öide, axla zusï ad magaze
xo aris laåaraÖi, kartul meï çvelebaze...
676. R.G. (0:35:10.350) (13) axla, magalitad, Äemi axlobeli ro
êemxvdeba, megobrebi, eseni, isini,
677. R.G. (0:35:13.350) (22) tu ýaan asaÖovnebi ar arian,
ertmanetêi Även kartulad vsaubrobt.
678. R.G. (0:35:22.350) (27) axla... da zogþer gamomdis ise,
rom... ai, ak, magalitad, muêebi ro gvçavda,
679. R.G. (0:35:27.350) (32) goÄin... åirvelad, sadauri xaro,
mÖitxes. eï çoba, su kartulad...
680. R.G. (0:35:32.350) (36) tviton su megrulad laåaraÖobdnen
da mec Öi megrulad veåasuxebodi imat,
681. R.G. (0:35:36.350) (41) magram minÄa-minÄa ase giêmiê
teê, namda margaluro komÂindes da kortulo
våasuxendi,
682. ©.K. (0:35:41.350) (44) a, insï inkï urad, årosï o, torem
gana ise sxvanairad Öi ara.

***
344. R.G. (0:16:27.160) (31) hoda, nona þÌarÖava da imaze
viýaxi...

109
 345. R.G. (0:16:31.160) (35) nona iï çoda, magalitad, ai... iço
þgupi...
346. R.G. (0:16:35.160) (38) ma... meo amattan magalitado
megrulad ver davilaåaraÖebo da
347. R.G. (0:16:38.160) (41) naï o gabisoniao, ase ambobda...
348. R.G. (0:16:41.160) (44) ...naï o gabisoniastan ver
Âarmomidgeniao kartulad laåaraÖi,
349. R.G. (0:16:44.160) (47) imiï om, rom tviton iÂvevda magi
isetnairad da es imaze ar ari... (rusudan gvilia,
zugdidi).
* * *
SesaZlebelia, SevajamoT Sedegebi: respondentTa
umravlesoba zanur / svanur enebs miiCnevs dabali
socialuri statusis mqoned; Sesabamisad, radio da
tele-mediis sferoSi maTs gamoyenebas dauSveblad
miiCnevs: mediis ena maTTvis saxelmwifo enis status-
Tan asocirdeba, rac, praqtikulad, antisaxelmwifoe-
briv aqtad aRiqmeba (qarTuli – saxelmwifo enaa). na-
klebad, magram mainc dasaSvebad miiCneva zanuris (sva-
nuris) gamoyeneba oficialur struqturebTan (Tanam-
SromlebTan, raionis administraciasTan; saavadmyofo-
Si; skolaSi maswavleblebTan; avtosadguris / rkinig-
zis sadgurSi). yvelaze ufro `dasaSvebi~ am enaTa
gamoyeneba, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, Sin, ojaxis we-
vrebTan urTierTobisa Tu pirad garemoSia: am mxriv
respondentebi veranair `safrTxes~ ver xedaven da
moxsnilia arsebuli kompleqsi.

110
 meore blokis kiTxvebi:
zogadi: romel enaze / enebze werT da kiTxulobT?
a. romel enaze / enebze kiTxulobT Jurnal-
gazeTebs?; iciT Tu ara, gamodis Jurnal-gazeTebi me-
grul-lazur / svanur enebze saqarTveloSi?; saWirod
TvliT Tu ara, rom presa gamodiodes megrul-lazur /
svanur enebze?; Tu ara, ratom?; ra enaze / enebze ga-
mocemul wignebs kiTxulobT?; icnob romelime
mwerls, romelic megrul-lazurad / svanurad wers /
werda?; gaqvT Tu ara megrul-lazur / svanur enebze
gamocemuli wignebi saxlSi?; Tu ara, ratom?
b. ra enaze werT pirad Canawerebs (dRiurebs)?;
ra enaze werT werilebs?
ra enaze akeTebT CaniSvnebs (iwerT misamarTs, gvars
saxels, sayidlebis sias)?; ra enaze gindaT, rom
ganaTleba miiRon Tqvenma Svilebma?

pirveli blokis kiTxvebi kiTxvis unaris

mimarTulebiTaa dasmuli; meore blokis kiTxvebi
weris unar-Cvevebze gadis.
respondentTa did nawils (80 %-mde) arc ki
smenia megrul (svanur) enaze gamocemuli wignebis
Sesaxeb (megrulad Targmnili `vefxistyaosani~,
folkloruli masalebi, ramdenime zanurenovani
poetis gamocemebi...). erTi nawili urevs erTmaneTSi

111
zanur enaze dawerils - damwerlobaSi (`Cemi azriT
arc gamocemula, radgan am enebze damwerloba ar
arsebobs~; `megrulad damwerloba ar aris~; `megruli
damwerloba ar arsebobs~; `imitom rom damwerloba ar
gaaCniaT~; `imitom, rom svanur enas ar gaaCnia
damwerloba~; `imitom rom svanuri damwerloba ar
aris~...).
rogorc Cans, qarTveli eris erTianobis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul `saSiSroebad~ miiCnevs respondentTa erTi
nawili gaaqtiurebul mTargmnelobiT Tu
originaluri SemoqmedebiT muSaobas megrul-svanur
enebze (Tu `dialeqtebze~): es mTargmnelobiTi
moRvaweoba zogs aRizianebs Tu abrazebs
(`vefxistyaosani~ rom gamouSves megrulad, amaze
Zalian gavbrazdi~), am mxriv saintereso msjelobebs
vxvdebiT forum.ge-ze: `xalxno, jobia sxva ufro
seriozul saqmes miyoT xeli, vidre bibliis
megrulad Targmna... ubralod Zalian did usaqmurobad
meCveneba bibliis megrulad Targmna... viRacam ro
Targmna `vefxistyaosani~ megrulad, ra mere magiT,
vinme kiTxulobs an iyenebs rameSi? ar vambob arafers
leqsikonebze da gramatikaze, radgan es Cveulebrivi
samecniero naSromia enaTmecnierebaSi, romelic
gamoyenebas mxolod Zalian viwro wreSi poulobs.

112
kacs saqme gamoelia da raRacas akeTebdao, zustad
amazea naTqvami...~;
aris aseTi poziciac: `ra saWiroa megrulad
Targmnili biblia? ratomac ara? yvela enaze
Targmnes ukve da iyos~).
kiTxvaze: `saWirod TvliT Tu ara, rom presa
gamodiodes megrul-lazur / svanur enebze?~ uaryo-
fiTad pasuxobs 72 % (motivacia ZiriTadad aseTia: `am
enebs damwerloba ara aqvT~; `amis aucilebloba ar
aris~; `amis saWiroeba ar gvaqvs~... Tumca, aris poli-
tikuri Sefasebebic: `ar aris megruli saxelmwifo
ena~; `ar vTvli saWirod. es gamoiwvevs saqarTvelos
dayofas avtonomiebad. es cudia Cveni qveynisTvis~;
`araa gamarTlebuli, radgan saxelmwifo ena qarTu-
lia~; `amJamad ar aris saWiro qveynis erTianobidan
gamomdinare~ ; `provokaciuli SekiTxvaa~).
aRsaniSnavia, rom maTTvis, vinc zanur da svanur
enebze mediis gamocemas uWeren mxars, ZiriTadi argu-
menti aseTia:
a. `soflebSi bevrma ar icis qarTuli~;
b. `rom ar daikargos qarTuli kuTxuri enebi~;
g. `ucxoelebi gaecnon, ramdeni kuTxuri enaa
saqarTveloSi~.
piradi gamokiTxvisas, aseTive damokidebuleba
ikveTeba:

113
 511. ©.k. (31:27:31:31) anu, kordas margaluro gazetin,
gisxunno? /anu, rom i¶os megruli gazeti, girªevnia?/
512. n.b. (31:31:31:39) ¾neli o±itxe re, ma vama±itxire. ¾neli
o±itxe re margaluri... ©arun tina /¾neli ¦asa±itxia, me
ver ¦avi±itxav. ¾neli ¦asa±itxia megruli... rom ¦eria,
is/.
513. n.b. (31:39:31:44) ma kortuli ±itxiri misxunu, magalto,
margalur ±itxir¸a, mu©ot tecalin /me kartuli ±itxva
mirªevnia, magalitad, megrul ±itxvas, rogorc aseti
(narouSvili babuci, zugdidi, Targamuli)..

gazeTi rom megrulad gamodiodes, es arafris

momcemia aleko iosavasTvis, iseve, rogorc uazrobaa
(metic _ antiqarTuli ganwyobilebis gamoxatuleba),
vTqvaT, svanurad skolisa institutis damTavreba:
229. ±.G. (00:17:33.000) ise ra azris xart es, megrulad rom
iços gazeti, gazeti rom iços megrulad ra azris xart?
230. A.I. (00:17:39.000) ra mniêvneloba akvs? ras mogvcems
Även es?
231. ±.G. (00:17:42.000) ar vici.
232. A.I. (00:17:43.000) arapers ar mogvcems absoluï urad.
233. L.E. (00:17:45.000) ai, maêin raï om gamodiodao? - ras
ambobdnen tkveni mêoblebi.
234. A.I. (00:17:48.000) ai, imiï om daixvriï a mere, is úvania.
235. A.I. (00:17:51.000) es iço anï ikartuli ganÂçobilebis
gamoxaï uleba, meï i araperi.
236. A.I. (00:17:59.000) svanma isÂavlos svanetêi ara,
svanuri da daamtavros sÖola?
237. A.I. (00:18:04.000) mere, tu gnebavt gaxsenit svanuri
insï iï uï i ikneba ,tu Öoleþi ikneba, tu raÌaca, ara?
238. A.I. (00:18:11.000) daamtavrebs ika, sad unda gamoiçenos
esa?
239. A.I. (00:18:13.000) gamoiçenebs sadme? ver gamoiçenebs
(aleko iosava, Tbilsi).

114
 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT didi enTuziazmi
namdvilad ar Cans, saerTod, es sakiTxebi
maincdamainc ar aRelvebs zanur da svanurenovan
mosaxleobas, magram verc imaSi xedaven did
ubedurebas, rom megrulad (svanurad) wigni
daibeWdos, megrulenovani (svanurenovani) gamocemebi
arsebobdes.
gazeTi da wigni, ase Tu ise, mavanisTvis misaRebia
(megruli poeziis nimuSebi didi xania dabeWdilia da
samecniero mimoqcevaSia, magram, rogorc Cans, mas ara
mxolod samecniero Rirebuleba SeiZleba hqondes;
dResac iqmneba mSvenieri poeturi krebulebi, risi
akrZalvac, respondentTa erTi nawilisTvis,
miuRebelia):
216. ©.k. (19:21:19:33) isa... ai, ºelevizia, radio margalur
kordasÊn kojsxunno? /isa... ai, ºelevizia, radio
megrulad rom i¶os, girªevnia?/
217. c.t. (19:33:19:38) ºelevizia do radio margalur mu¸en i&i,
kortul ren... /ºelevizia da radio megrulad raºom
ikneba, kartulad romaa.../
218. ©.k. (19:38:19:41) var, si magalto, kojsxunno-mak tu
vajsxun? /ara, ¸en, magalitad, girªevnia tu ar
girªevnia-metki?/
219. c.t. (19:38:19:42) vamsxun /ar mirªevnia/.
220. ©.k. (19:42:19:44) gazeti? ¦igni?
221. c.t. (19:44:19:50) gazet °ve¸o rdu mar... margalurs...
margaleps u¬udu margalur gazeti /gazeti ¾velad i¶o
megrulad... megruls... megrelebs hkondat megruli
gazeti/.
226. ©.k. (20:05:20:08) gazeti xolo vajsxunu... /arc gazeti
girªevnia.../

115
227. c.t. (20:08:20:14) gazeti kordasÊn komsxun, °gir o±itxe
re tina /gazeti rom i¶os, mirªevnia, ±argi
¦asa±itxia/.
228. ©.k. (20:14:20:18) ¦ignepi kugap na±itxer margaluri
/¦ignebi gakvs ¦a±itxuli megruli/.
229. c.t. (20:18:20:18) mu mapuno na±itxeri? /ra makvs
¦a±itxuli?/
230. ©.k. (20:18:20:19) ¦ignep, ¦ignepi kugapno na±itxeri
margaluri? /¦ignebi, ¦ignebi tu gakvs ¦a±itxuli
megruli?/
231. c.t. (20:19:20:27) samargalo¸ isºoria map na±itxeri
/samegrelos isºoria makvs ¦a±itxuli/ (cisana
Tordia, zugdidi, ingiri)..

megrulad rom wigni gamodiodes, amaSi verc gia

fanCviZe xedavs tragedias (mas mama imereli
hyavs, deda _ megreli):
54. L.E. (0:04:03.000) ise sainï eresoa, saêualeba rom iços,
rom megrulad gamodiodes Âigni, úurnal-gazeti,
tkventvis ikneba es misaÌebi?
55-61. G.P. (0:04:19.000-0:04:42.000) nu... Äemtvis axla,
misaÌebi?... ra tkma unda, ikneba... Öi, misaÌebi
ikneba. gamovides, es xels aravis ar êeuêlis, åirikit,
raÌac exla, 21-e sauÖunea da raÌac, tavis Öutxes
çvelapers tavisi is uxdeba... çvelaperi tavisi, tavisi
isï oria, tavisi es çvelaperi, Öargia da Äemtvis
miuÌebeli namdvilad ar ikneba. xels aravis êeuêlis
namdvilad, me ase mgonia, me ase vtvli.
62. ±..G. (0:04:45.000) sÂavleba rom megrulad iços, êeiýleba?
63. G.P. (0:04:48.000) sÂavleba? ara mgonia raÌac, mainc exla
sakartveloa da Äveni salaåarÖo ena mainc kartulia
ase tu ise. es asea da. ra vici, megrulis sÂavleba,
raÌac ýaan ise, ertmanets êoris, raÌac ganxetkilebas,
raÌacas moiï ans ra... (gia fanCviZe, Tb., nuc. pl.).

116
 ganaTlebis enasTan dakavSirebiT pozicia calsaxa
da erTmniSvnelovania: mxolod 6-ma respondentma
gamoTqva survili, misma Svilebma ganaTleba miiRon
megrul-lazur enaze; 4-ma – svanur enaze (sul
gamokiTxulTa mxolod – 1 %). erT-erTi
respondentisTvis sakiTxis ase dasmis SesaZlebloba _
ramdenad SeiZleboda yofiliyo mizanSewonili
megrulad swavleba skolaSi, amgvar reaqcias iwvevs:
542. ©k. (33:50:33:52) s±olasi margaluro oguruanini?
/s±ola¸i rom megrulad as¦avlon?/
543. n.b. (33:52:34:01) mu¸o o±o, si ±oªi margaluri gurapa
an¦i. u±axale ibdato, ¦imi o±o iden vara... margaluri
gurapa d¬as vardu s±olas /rad unda, ¸e ±aco megruli
s¦avla a¦i. u±an ¦avidet? ¦in unda iaro, torem... megruli
s¦avla misd¬em¸i ar ¶opila s±ola¸i/(narouSvili
babuci, zugdidi, Targamuli)..

ganaTlebis ena, faqtobrivad, gaigivebulia

weriT komunikaciasTan da am mimarTulebiT
kiTxvebzec (`ra enaze werT pirad Canawerebs?~; `ra
enaze werT werilebs?~; `ra enaze akeTebT CaniSvnebs?~)
analogiuri pasuxebi gaica: mxolod 14-ma
respondentma daafiqsira, rom wers (iniSnavs) megrul-
lazurad (aqedan svanurad – mxolod 3).
ganaTlebis enisa da megrul-lazurisa da svanuris,
rogorc sakomunikacio kodis (safiqrebelia – rogorc
TviTidentifikaciis `instrumentis~) aSkarad gamijnul
funqciebsa da respondentTa mier adekvatur aRqmaze

117
metyvelebs is faqti, rom kiTxvaze: `rogor fiqrobT,
saWiroa, rom Tqvenma Svilebma icodnen megrul-
lazuri / svanuri ena?~ respondentTa umravlesoba (90
%) dadebiTad pasuxobs.
es sakiTxi marTlac mravalmxriv problemad aris
qceuli: dRes meti yuradReba eqceva imas, rom bavSvi
imTaviTve qarTulad ametyveldes (amaSi, bunebrivia,
ojaxi asrulebs did rols, magram mxolod ojaxi
verafers gaxdeba saTanado garemocvis gareSe). motivi
amgvari `enobrivi politikisa~ is aris, rom bavSvi
skolaSi gamarTuli qarTuliT mivides, raTa
swavlebis enasTan dakavSirebiT aranairi problema ar
Seiqmnas, rac, cxadia, swavlebisa da swavlis
efeqturobas zrdis. megruls is TavisTavad swavlobs.
4 wlis dito Samugiam (zugdidi r-ni, sof. ingiri)
qarTulic mSvenivrad icis Tavisi asakis kvalobaze
da megrulic:
2. ©.k. 0:00:03.040 dediÖok gaÆukuo? /dedam gaÆuka?/
3. d.¸. 0:00:04.040 o /ho/.
4. ©.k. 0:00:04.320 mu o©irÊ? /ra s©irs?/
5. d.¸. 0:00:04.840 va miÆk /ar vici/
6. ©.k. 0:00:07.680 oÖeTebel reno? /gasaÖeTebelia?/
7. d.¸. 0:00:08.640 var /ara/.
8. ©.k. 0:00:09.840 aba?
9. d.¸. 0:00:10.200 gino©vil re /gadam¦varia/.
10. ©.k. 0:00:10.840 ai, kemeÆi da muk aÌoluni /ai, miambe
aba, ra mouvida/.
11. d.¸. 0:00:12.800 muk aÌol da den renia gino©vil /ra
mouvida da ¸ukiao gadam¦vari/.

118
12. ©.k. 0:00:17.600 den reniao gino©vil?/¸uki ariso
gadam¦vari?/
13. d.¸. 0:00:18.920 o /ho/.
14. ©.k. 0:00:20.200 mik Tku ena? /vin Tkva es?/
15. d.¸. 0:00:21.200 dediÖok /dediÖom/.
16. ©.k. 0:00:22.760 oÖeTeb¸a mi¸a miÌiT? /gasaÖeTeblad
visTan miiï aneT?/
17. d.¸. 0:00:25.760 mi¸a da sa´o¼niÖ¸a /visTan da me¦a¬esTan/.
18. Ch. K.0:00:28.200 sa´o¼niÖi¸a miÌiTo? uÖul, mu renia?
/me¦a¬esTan miiï aneT? mere, rao?/
19. d.¸. 0:00:31.720 uÖule¸e den gino©vili renia? /mere ¸uki
gadam¦vari ariso?/
20. ©.k. 0:00:36.080 sa´o¼niÖik Tkuo Tena? si mu r°oxo ese
igi? /me¦a¬em Tkva es? ¸en ra gkvia ese igi?/
21. ©.k. 0:00:42.720 si mu r°oxo saxeli? /¸en ra gkvia
saxeli?/
22. d.¸. 0:00:44.240 diï o.
23. ©.k. 0:00:44.960 gvari?
24. d.¸. 0:00:46.680 samu... ¸amugia
25. ©.k. 0:00:48.520 ¸amugia reko boi?, musxi ¦anel rek diï o?
/¸amugia xar bi©o? ramdeni ¦lis xar diï o?/
26. d.¸. 0:00:51.640 oTxi.
27. ©.k. 0:00:52.280 oTxi, ¶aza¶i. so rdi si, so rdi, amdÌa
morTin, sovre morTi? /oTxi. va¼Öaci xar. sad i¶avi,
sad i¶avi, dÌes rom moxvedi, saidan moxvedi/.
28. d.¸. 0:00:57.920 sovre da saÆxere¸e /saidan da
saÆxeridan/.
29. ©.k. 0:00:59.960 saÆxere¸a mu goÖod, bo¸? /saÆxere¸i ra
gindoda, bi©o?/
30. d.¸. 0:01:01.640 mu moÖod da baÌanep oÖo ibýirue /ra
mindoda da bav¸vebi unda vinaxulo/.
31. ©.k. 0:01:04.720 mi¸ baÌanep? /visi bav¸vebi?/
32. d.¸. 0:01:06.520 lia¸i /liasi/.
33. ©.k. 0:01:07.600 lia mi re? /lia vin aris?/
34. d.¸. 0:01:09.200 lia Ækim deidas... deda... deda¸ mida re,
Tevre re /lia deidaÆemis..... deda... dedas is aris, ikiT
aris/.
35. ©.k. 0:01:18.280 sovre? /saiT?/
36. d.¸. 0:01:19.520 baÌanep ure /bav¸vebisÖen/.

119
41. ©.k. 0:01:30.480 Tek mus orTud saÆxeres? /ik ras
aÖeTebdi saÆxere¸i?/
42. d.¸. 0:01:32.840 saÆxeres o©Öumals ´©Öumundi / saÆxere¸i
sa©mels v©amdi/.
43. ©.k. 0:01:36.240 mTel dÌaso? o©mares? /mTeli dÌe?
dilit?/
44. d.¸. 0:01:39.080 o©mares xolo /dilitac/.
45. ©.k. 0:01:41.120 mus ©Öomundi o©mares, aba? /ras ©amdi
dilas, aba?/
46. d.¸. 0:01:44.000 o©mares Öarï opils /dilit Öarï opils/.
47. ©.k. 0:01:45.560 meï i?
48. d.¸. 0:01:45.640 ©undes /¦vavdnen/.
49. ©.k. 0:01:47.160 mus? /ras?/
50. d.¸. 0:01:48.040 ©undes Öarï opils /¦vavdnen Öarï opils/.
51. ©.k. 0:01:50.440 meï i?
52. d.¸. 0:01:52.400 Tan sinTe vardun, ©adis ©undes /Tan ¸uki
rom ar i¶o m©ads acxobdnen/.
53. ©.k. 0:01:57.880 ©adis ©undeso? /m©ads acxobdnen?/
54. d.¸. 0:01:58.840 o /ho/.
55. ©.k. 0:01:59.480 ©adi °oxono Tis? /m©adi kvia magas?/
56. d.¸. 0:02:00.720 xo.
57. ©.k. 0:02:01.320 margaluro mu °oxo vaiÆkuno? /megrulad
ra hkvia ar ici?/
58. d.¸. 0:02:03.320 margaluri... margaluri va miÆk /megruli....
megruli ar vici/.
59. ©.k. 0:02:07.240 ©Öidi, va gaigonebuno? /m©adi, ar
gagigia?/
60. d.¸. 0:02:09.720 ©Öi.. ©Öidi /m©a... m©adi/...
90. d.¸. 0:03:32.800 vaiÆkuno, TeTri, TeTris iidendu /ar ici,
TeTri, TeTrs i¶idida/.
91. ©.k. 0:03:37.040 TeTri, TeTri, TeTri TeTri ina mure?
/TeTri, TeTri, TeTri TeTri is ra aris?/
92. d.¸. 0:03:39.640 vaiÆkuno o©Öomal re, celopaniT re, ase
rom...... ase rom ï rialebs /ar ici, sa©meli aris, ´arÖiT
aris, ase rom ..... ase rom ï rialebs/.
93. d.¸. 0:03:51.480 imasaa rom vambob, aTena.... /imasaa rom
vambob, es.../
94. ©.k. 0:03:57.840 romels ambob?
95. d.¸. 0:03:58.680 romels da ar ici? ´aï arebi roa.

120
96. ©.k. 0:04:03.280 saxeli ar ici?
97. d.¸. 0:04:04.320 ara.
98. d.d. 0:04:05.400 ´aloÆÖebi?
99. d.¸. 0:04:06.600 ara.
100. d. d. 0:04:07.760 Æxirebi?
101. ©.k. 0:04:09.760 TeTri, TeTri.
102. d.d. 0:04:13.280 baï i-buï i?
103. d.¸. 0:04:14.760 ho.
105. d.¸. 0:04:17.000 ho. baï i-buï i kviian TeTris.
106. Ch. K.0:04:20.880 Öargi i¶o ik, moge¦ona? mere raï o
¦amoxvedi?
107. d.¸. 0:04:24.720 raï om da me, me vnaxe kalak¸i.
108. ©.k. 0:04:29.320 a?
109. d.¸. 0:04:30.080 ik saÆxere¸i vnaxe, Öidea saÆxere.
110. ©.k. 0:04:34.520 mere saxli mogenaï ra? raï o ¦amoxvedi.
111. d.¸. 0:04:37.920 saxli momenaï ra.
112. ©.k. 0:04:40.080 cico bebo upro mogenaï ra Tu mamiÖo?
113. d.¸. 0:04:42.080 mamiÖo da cico bebia da mezoblebi.
114. ©.k. 0:04:46.360 mezoblebic mogenaï ra? ¸en Öomble ici
karTulad?
115. d.¸. 0:04:50.560 xo.
116. ©.k. 0:04:52.040 karTuli vin gas¦avla?
117. d.¸. 0:04:54.480 karTuli me vis¦avle.
118. ©.k. 0:04:56.320 ¸en TviTon is¦avle? aba Öomble
momi¶evi?
119-125. d.¸. 0:05:01.920-0:05:35.440 i¶o da ara i¶o ra, i¶o
erTi Öomble, Öombles ¶avda ori cxvari, gau¸va
sabalaxod, midian cxvrebi midian da ¸EMoxVDa melia,
cxvrebo, cxvrebo visi xarTo? visi da Æem... Öomblesio,
Öomble ra Öaciao, Öomble is Öacia, Öombalsa Tlis,
©er¸i a¦¶obs, vin Æven ¸egv©ams Æav¸i, Tav¸i Æaa¦¶obso.
126. ©.k. 0:05:35.440 ras uzams Tav¸io?
127. d.¸. 0:05:36.520 Æaa¦¶obso.
128. ©.k. 0:05:38.360 es ras, muï ana mus ni¸nens mida, diï o?
/... ras ni¸navs diºo?/
129. d.¸. 0:05:41.600 ar ici Öombali ro ak.
130. ©.k. 0:05:44.000 ho.
131. d.¸. 0:05:44.560 Öombles, ima, imas Æaa¦¶obso Tav¸i.

121
132. ©.k. 0:05:48.360 mus ni¸ens Tena, va marÆkile do
gemin¦¶i aÖa /ras ni¸navs es, ar vici da amixseni erTi/
133. d.¸. 0:05:51.240 isa, imas ro ©ris imas mucels.
134. ©.k. 0:05:55.840 ho.
135-136. d.¸. 0:05:56.120-0:06:03.160 isa, isaa Öomblesi °oxi
da imas ©ris mucels, visac cxvari ¶avs ¸igniT.
137. ©.k. 0:06:05.600 aha ha, Öai, Öai, mere?
138-164. d.¸. 0:06:08.640-0:08:34.720 midian cxvrebi, midian
da... midian da ¸emoxda DaTvi, daTvo, daTvo... cxvrebo,
cxvrebo visi xarTo? visi da Öomblesio, Öomble ra
Öaciao? Öomble is Öacia, Öombalsa ©ris, ©er¸i a¦¶obs,
vin Æven.... vinc Æven ¸eg©ams Tav¸i Æaacxobso, midian
cxvrebi, midian da ¸emoxdaT mgeli, cxx... cxvrebo,
cxvrebo visi xarTo? visi da Öolmblesio, Öomble ra
Öaciao? Öomble is Öacia, Öombalsa ©ris, vin... vinc....
viinc Æven ¸egv©ams, Æven ¸egv©ams, Tav¸i Æaa¦¶obso,
mgelma gada¶la´a, daÌamda, cxvrebs eloda Öomble mara
ar movidnen, Öomble daido didi Öombali da ¦avida,
isa, midis Öomble, midis da ¸emoxda melia, melia,
melia, Æem... Æemi cxvrebi xo ar... xo ar ginaxia? ara
Æemo mzeo, _ aba Öbilebi daÖri©e? Öbilebi daÖri©a da
ÆiÆia ar konda, iara Öomblem iara da ¸emoxvda daTvi,
daTvo, daTvo, Æemi cxvrebi xo ar ginaxavso, ara Æemo
mzeo, _ aba Öbilebi daÖri©eo, daÖri©a Öbilebi da
ÆiÆia ar konda, midis Öomble... midis Öomble, midis da
¸emoxda mgeli, mgelo mgelo, Æemi cxvrebi xo ar
ginaxia? ara Æemo mzeo, _ aba Öbilebi daÖri©e!
Öbilebi daÖri©a da ÆiÆia konda, gau©ra muceli,
amoi¶vana cxvrebi, druza Öombali, druza, amoi¶vana
cxvrebi da bed... bednierad cxovrobdnen,
165. ©.k. 0:08:40.320 a, ¶oÆaÌ diï o, ¶oÆaÌ, ýalian magari
bi©i ¶opilxar, ¸xva ariÖep xolo giÆkuno muTun? /sxva
zÌa´rebi ici Öidev rame?/
167. d.¸. 0:08:46.440 var /ara/
168. ©.k. 0:08:47.280 margalur ariÖ vaiÆkuno muTun, vara
leks, vara muTun margaluri /megruli zÌa´ari ar ici
rame, an leksi, an rame megruli?/
169. d.¸. 0:08:50.400 var. leksio? ko /ara. leksi? Öi./

122
 170. ©.k. 0:08:53.240 margalur leks giÆkuno? /megruli leksi
ici?/
171. d.¸. 0:08:54.720 margalur vari /megruli ara/.
172. ©.k. 0:08:56.800 korTul leks giÆkuno? aba arT koTkvi
daba? /karTuli leksi ici? aba erTi Tkvi?/
173. d.¸. 0:09:00.080 me minda rom ÆanTiT xel¸i, viÆkarode
adre diliT,
Öargi s¦avliT vama¶obde, sul mzad mkondes gaÖveTili
(dito Samugia, zugdidi, ingiri).

TurqeTis lazeTSi bavSvebma lazuri SedarebiT

cudad ician:
6-11. O.M. (0:00:29.240-0:01:01.160) lazui ©iï alepes e±o ±ai va
uªKinan, hama xolo lazui ¬a¬alapan, mTeli¸e
nagnepan, °o¬abiTi lazui mepan, lazuTi ibinan lazuTi
leKsepe zo´onan. mTelis unonKi lazui va gui©±veRdinan
/lazuri ´aï arebma imdenad Öargad ar ician, magram
mainc lazurad la´araÖoben, ¶velapers igeben, ´asuxsac
lazurad gagcemen, lazuradac mÌerian, lazuradac
leksebs amboben. ¶velas unda, rom lazuri ar
daivi¦¶on/(omar memiSiSi, sarfi).

SedarebiT uWirT didebsac, Tumca mTlianobaSi arc

aqeTa lazeTSi ikveTeba mTlad sasikeTo tendencia
lazuris perspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT:
12-39. O.m. (0:07:22.840-0:09:12.400) mainc u©iRdaT imdenad,
Ramdenadac ªven u±ve KaRTulad vla´aRa±obT o°ax¸ic ±i.
TuRKeT¸i lazebi gela´aRa±ebian lazuRad da meRe
gadadian TuRKulze da veR xvdebian, Rom TuRKulad
gela´aRa±eba. aseTnaiRad vaRT ªvenc, magRam ývelma
Taobam u±eT icis, vinem axalma Taobam. Rodesac xdeba
ªa¦eRa, an vi¬acas ainï eResebs lazuRi meï ¶veleba,
ma¸in nebismieRi, ginda ªemi Taoba, cdilobs,
gamaRTul lazuRad ila´aRa±os. asec aRis, aRa? magRam
sinamdvile¸i icis, am siï ¶vebs veR ixsenebs imdenad,
Ramdenadac d¬es aR meï ¶velebs, gagonili aKvs
123
 babuisgan, bebiisgan, ¦ina´Rebisgan. zog°eR gamouRevs
±amaT¸i, zog°eR leKs¸i gaugonia, an leKsad dau¦eRia da
ucdia, daxve¦ilad Rom ela´aRa±a KaaRTulad. amiï om
axlgazRdebs upRo u©iRT. magRam seRiozulad piKRoben,
aR dau¸van ¸ecdoma. ªvenc Öi gvi©iRs, magRam ¶ovel
¸emTxveva¸i, ªemma Taobam icis lazuRi. eRT Rames
geï ¶viT. TuRKeT¸i Ramden°eRac vi¶avi, bolos vi¶avi
pesï ivalze xom, e.i. Tavi moaKvT, Rom ician lazuRi.
TKven RanaiR lazuRs la´aRa±obTo? ýaan, ýaan u±ve
daªagRulad igRýnes Tavi, Rom veR la´aRa±oben, anu
aRKabul dialeKï ze Rom aR vla´aRa±obT da xopuR
dialeKï ze vla´aRa±obT (omar memiSiSi, sarfi).

ai, rogoria baTumis universitetis asocirebuli

profesoris, baton omar memiSiSis dakvirveba zogadad
lazurTan dakavSirebiT:
26-71 .O.M. (0:03:00.400-0:07:39.480) a¦i voRï iT TuRKies,
lazepe¸i KJoepes, gopTi, lazui nenape¸i úin viªali¸i,
muxTanepe b©ai, Resmepe gamai¬i. lazepes, m°uelepes
KuªKinan lazui nena. e±o ±ai va uªKinan, hama xolo
KuªKinan. lazi voeJa, zo´onan. beepes e±o va uªKinan,
hama nagnepan. o¬a¬alu va uªKinan, emu¸eni-Ki TuRKuli
meKTebis gulvan. TuRKuli ±ai va aguenan-Ja do lazui
va ¬a¬alapan. a¦i KJois m°ve ±oªepe dido va dosKides.
lazuiTi mTelis hepTen ±ai va uªKin. nisalepe
amaxTimei Jenan, gJuR°i°e ¬a¬alapan hama xolo ©iï a-
didis lazui KuªKin, mu¸eniKi oxois ¬a¬alapan, lazui
nenaTen. oxoi¸i nena lazui Jen, meKTebi¸a na idan,
o±ule gJuR°i°e i±iTxupan do eTi uªKinan /axla
vi¶aviT TurkeT¸i, lazebis sopleb¸i. viare, lazurze
vimu¸ave, raÌacebi Æavi¦ere, suraTebi gadaviÌe.
lazebma, ývelebma ician lazuri ena. ýalian Öargad ar
ician, magram mainc ician. lazi varo, amboben.
bav¸vebma imdenad ar ician, magram igeben. la´araÖi
ar ician imiï om, rom Turkul sÖola¸i dadian. Turkuls
Öargad ver is¦avliso da lazurs ar la´araÖoben. axla
sopel¸i ýveli xalxi aÌar darÆa. lazuric ¶velam ýalian
124
 Öargad ar icis. rýlebi mosulebi arian karTulad
la´araÖoben, magram mainc ´aï ara-didma lazuri icis,
imiï om, rom saxl¸i la´araÖoben lazurad. o°axis ena
lazuria, sÖola¸ rom ¦avlen, mere karTulad s¦avloben da
isic ician/ (omar memiSiSi, sarfi).

cxra wlis lazi murman kakabaZe Tavisuflad

laparakobs lazuradac da qarTuladac _
mesameklaseli sarfeli bavSvisTvis qarTulis codna,
cxadia, gasakviri ar aris, ufro sainteresoa misi
gamarTuli lazuri:
1. m.k. (0:00:00.800) ma voe muRmani ±a±abaýe, masuma ±lasis
voe /me var murman ÖaÖaba¾e, mesame Ölas¸i var/.
2. ©.K. (0:00:07.960) mu±o ¦aneRi Re? /ramdeni ¦lis xar?/
3. M.k. (0:00:08.440) nªxovRo ¦aneRi voe /cxra ¦lis var/.
4. ©.K. (0:00:17.520) muRman, mu©o i±iTxup? /muRman, rogor
s¦avlob?/
5. M.k. (0:00:19.480) ±ai vi±iTxup /Öargad vs¦avlob/.
6. ©.K. (0:00:20.960) mu ni¸ani gi¬u? /ra ni¸ani gakvs?/
7. M.k .(0:00:22.360) xuT do oTxo /xuTi do oTxi/.
8. ©.k. (0:00:31.600) a¦i TKvi mi Jen babasKani, nanasKani,
dalepe sKani? /axla Tkvi, vin aris mama¸eni, deda¸eni,
¸eni debi?/
9-10. M.k. (0:00:36.520) babaªKimi bi©i±o ±a±abaýe, nana
ªKimi noRa ´a¸±ova, sum da mi¶oon: TamRi±o, Rusi±o,
Teona /mamaÆemi bi©iÖo ÖaÖabaýe, dedaÆemi nora
´a¸Öova. sami da m¶avs: TamRi±o, Rusi±o, Teona/.
11. ©.K. (0:00:58.840) Kimo°ei Jenani? /gaTxovili arian?/
12-15. M.k. (0:01:00.640-0:01:38.400) aRTi Kimo°ei Jen, bee
u¶on, °oxons liza. ma liza¸i biýia voe, °umadi voe.
bebia mi¶oon, xolo mi¶oon ±a±uli °umadi. o±ule
aponia °umadi. ´a´uli mi¶oonï u, du¬uu /erTi
gaTxovilia, ¸vili h¶avs, hkvia liza. me lizas biýia
var, biýia var. bebia m¶avs, Öidev m¶avs ÖaÖuli biýia.
mere aponia biýia. babua m¶avda, moÖvda/.

125
 16. ©.k. (0:02:01.960) ici lazuRi leKsi?
17. M.k. (0:02:04.560) lazuRi vicodi, magRam damavi¦¶da.
18. ©.K. (0:02:30.240) Ramdeni xaRT ±las¸i?
19. M.k. (0:02:37.120) sul oci vaRT, bi©ebi da gogoebi.
20-21. M.k. (0:03:20.320-0:07:53.720) oxois baziKee vi±iTxup,
baziKee visTeR. mzoÌa¸a goulu, Kaomxazi¸a Jeulu,
onªviu viguR ... aRTei gJaTxizasinon do ©opasinon.
naJaTi ©opas, Ja i¶ven mgei xolo onï ±obinu¸i,
damalobana visTeRT. aJa mu©o Jen do úuR ±ulani
ï asion ¦Res do eKole-aKole ï asion úuR ia bi©epe,
ginon ±ulanepe. edo emuK buRTi geªasion do ia gale
gamulun. ±ulanepeK mani±uRi ixvenupan,\fg gogoebi
maniÖurs iÖeTeben, ±u±laTen isTenan, baba¦aTen
isTenan, buRTepeTen isTenan, aR±uªxooni isTenan...
oxvame¸a xuTpaa vidi, baziKee ±uªxeTen. baziKee
ma¸inaTen, baziKee TuRKies me±aulu, ´as´oRï i mi¬un.
TuRKuli KodoviguRi. ma xuT nena miªKin: Rusuli,
KaRTuli, lazuRi, TuRKuli /saxl¸i zog°er vÖiTxulob,
zog°er vTama¸ob, zÌvaze davdivar, Kaomxaze avdivar,
curvas vs¦avlob... erTi gaeÖideba da unda dai©iros,
romelsac dai©ers, is ikneba mgeli. Öidev damalobanas
vTama¸obT. es rogor aris da ori gogo unda i¶os ¦re¸i da
ikeT-akeT unda i¶os ori gogo, ori bi©i, ginda gogoebi
da iman burTi unda esrolos da is garet gamodis.
gogoebi maniÖurs iÖeTeben, To°inaTi Tama¸oben,
To°inaTi Tama¸oben, burTebiT Tama¸oben, calpexobanas
Tama¸oben... eÖlesia¸i xuT°er ¦avedi, zog°er pexi,.
zog°er mankaniT, zog°er TurkeT¸i gadavdivar, ´as´orï i
makvs. TuRKuli vici. me xuTi ena vici: inglisuRi.\fg
Rusuli, KaRTuli, lazuRi, TuRKuli, inglisuRi/(murman
kakabaZe, sarfi).

qarTuli enis swavlebas amJamad gacilebiT meti

yuradReba eqceva samegreloSi, magram, erTnairi
viTareba ar aris qalaqsa da soflebSi, TviTon
qalaqis ubnebSi, soflebs Sorisac aris sxvaoba;

126
dResac aris soflebi, sadac saskolo asakis bavSvebma
praqtikulad ar ician qarTuli:
236-243. Z.G. (0:13:20.130) (23)-(0:13:38.130) (41) a, dedaÄemis
mxare, axla, sopelêi, xo, orsanï iaêi, ÖaroÄe, çvela
tavidan bolomde megrulad laåaraÖobs ik. vabêe... me
mgoni, sÖolaêi... sÖolaêi sÂavloben ik me mgoni
kartuls vabêe.
244. ±.G. (0:13:41.130) (42) sada?
245. ZG. (0:13:42.130) (42) sopelêi.
246. RG. (0:13:42.130) (46) magram ra doneze... egec saÖitxavia.
247. z.G. (0:13:46.130) (49) zogma arc icis kartuli, sÖola...
sanam sÖolaêi ar Âava.
248. R.G. (0:13:49.130) (54) ho, ho. axla lana mçavda me erti
åeriodi ika da lanas undoda megruli esÂavla...
250. z.G. (0:13:54.130) (56) lanam megruli isÂavla.
251-257. R.G. (0:13:56.130) (58) isÂavla Öidec. da undoda
megruli esÂavla da me veubnebi... isini imï vereven
enebs. me veubnebi, rom ilaåaraÖet-metki...
elaåaraÖet-metki amas megrulad, imiï om, rom minda,
rom megruli isÂavlos-metki da dedamisi eubneba:
gexveÂebit, arao ra, karulad elaåaraÖeo, lana, me
mindao amatma kartuli isÂavlono (zurab gogia,
rusudan gvilia, zugdidi);
***
2933. b.k. (00:03:22:00:04:03) ho, a esea. zogierti
mas¦avleblebic la´ara±oben, ga±vetils xsnian
megrulad, ro kartulad ver gaigebs bav¸vi. a, eseti is
aris. i¶o, ai, ªemi bi©i ro s¦avlobda dabal ±laseb¸i,
ma¸in ai, me gamigonia, ro megrulad xsnida
mas¦avlebeli, imiºom, bav¸vebma ar icoda ±argad
kartuli. ase mu©o kore, ase me mgon, gvalo ta¸ vare
siºuacia. ase ara. ase... axla dabal ±laseb¸i ar vici da
ise, ma¬al ±laseb¸i kartulad midis s¦avla;
24-27. b.k. (00:02:53:00:03:20 da ªkim ba¬aneps gamartulo
uªkuna kortuli. do atakian ba¬aneps, ase, umos... umoso
margaluri. margaluri do kortuls ragadana, exla,
s±ola kartulad mu¸aobs, magram mainc ver la´ara±oben

127
 iset kartuls, rac kartvelma unda icodes (bela
qerqaZe, daba jvari).

ori-sami aTeuli wlis win, vTqvaT, qalaq zugdidSi

qarTulad naklebad metyvelebdnen skolis asakis
mozardebi; am mxriv skolebs Sorisac iyo sxvaoba,
qarTulad laparaki erTgvar metiCrobadac
iTvleboda:
304-311. R.G. (0:14:33.140) (36)- 0:14:52.140) (55) `axla... me xo
åirvel sÖolaêi vsÂavlobdi da merab kiria... xo zugdidi
iço davuêvat es, kalaki iço da Även asaÖêi... Äveni
taoba uÖve... sad åirveli sÖolis isa da sad... mesame da
meotxe... imiï o viýaxi. rom mividodit merabistan xo,
tavis ýmabiÅebi ro çavda, amxanagebi, Ölaselebi,
Öidev viÌac samegobro ikita ubnis ra, nakarÌad
cirepk kumortes, - iï çodnen. dedas vpicavar. naÖitxi
/"nakaÌaldari"/ gogoebi movidneno, - iï çodnen. dedas
vpicavar~ (rusudan gvilia, zugdidi).

devnilebi cnobili politikuri movlenebis gamo

TavianT bunebriv, mSobliur enobriv garemos
mowyvetilebi arian. axal realobaSi maTi nawili ise
aRmoCnda, rom elementaruli komunikaciis problema
Seeqmna: rusuli (romelic rusebma mTel afxazeTs
aswavles) `saerTaSoriso enis~ funqcias veRar
asrulebda, piriqiT, gansakuTrebiT aRizianebda
damxvdurebs (isev da isev Seqmnili ukiduresad
daZabuli politikuri da socialuri fonis gamo),
megruli Tbiliselma qarTvelebma ar icodnen da

128
devnilebs kidev qarTul enasTan dakavSirebiT
hqondaT seriozuli problemebi. ai, rogor ixsenebs im
periods liudmila jijelava:
415. L.E. (00:25:42.000) mainc tvlit, rom kartuli upro ak
isÂavlet, tu?
416-425. L.j. (00:25:43.000-00:26:26.000) Öi, sul ak visÂavle,
erti siï çva ar vicodi ikidan rom gadmovedit. sul
saburtaloêi Även viçavit da ik arian Äveni lï olvilebi
da... rom davdgebodit, imaze... gaÄerebaze, im dros, xom
mainc dadiodnen avï obusebi... xo veÖitxebodit
rusulad vinmes? kartvelebs, tbiliselebs... ax, tkven
ase gxvdebat, kartuli ro ar icit {da ro gadagçareso -
vaime...} [ÖaÖoi eï a naÄinali ... såor... vapêem uúas bila,
uúas...] {da ro gadagçareso - vaime...} [ÖaÖoi eï a naÄinali
... såor... vapêem uúas bila, uúas...] me da Äemi rýali
davdiodit, mere ver viï çodit am rusulad, saertod, ar
vlaåaraÖobdit mere... sul meÄxubebodnen. ak, eliÖom,
peridem, mezoblebi garêemo da visÂavle kartuli.
426-427. L.j. (00:26:36.000-00:26:41.000) ýalian Öargi, exla
ra, cudia es ambavi, xom Öargia? rom kartulad
êegiýliat urtiertoba kartvelebtan, ara?
428-430. L.j. (00:26:52.000-00:27:02.000) xo, unda davisÂavlo...
{siï çvebic xom bevri raÌaca xo...} [Öagda xaï ili, êï o
ï aÖoi ...]. deda.... ramdeni ram gadaviï anet...
431. L.E. (00:27:07.000) mýime iço es, e. i seriozuli iço es...
432. L.j. (00:27:08.000-00:27:02.000) rýali mçavs aÄba, rýali,
apxazuri da rusulis meï i araperi ar icoda. axla Äemze
uÖetesad laåaraÖobs kartulad magi (liudmila
jijelava, Tbilisi).

afxazeTis qarTvelobis sakmaod mniSvnelovani

nawili srulyofilad or enas flobda: rusulsa da
megruls, qarTuli bevrs uWirda. rusulis codna
pragmatuli saWiroebiT iyo nakarnaxevi, _ garda imisa,

129
rom afxazeTis (da aramxolod afxazeTis
teritoriaze) es iyo erTaSoris komunikaciis
saSualeba, am enis codnis gareSe ganaTlebisa da
dasaqmebis sferoSic problemebi iCenda Tavs:
26. ez. (00:01:38:00:01:45) ase, o°axis artian¦±uma m¸oblep do
s±ualepi mu nina¸a iªiebudit? /axla, o°ax¸i
ertmanetttan m¸oblebi da ¸vilebi ra enaze
la´ara±obdit?/
27. n.k. (00:01:45:00:01:48) rusulo do margaluro /rusulad da
megrulad/
29. ez. (00:01:50:00:01:55) ase, a, tkva kor¸unan da s±ola¸a...
nam s±ola¸a idit, rusul¸a tu... /axla, a, tkven tu
gaxsovt da s±ola¸i... romel s±ola¸i ¦axvedit, rusul¸i,
tu.../
30. n.k. (00:01:55:00:01:56) rusul¸a /rusul¸i/.
31. ez. (00:01:56:00:01:58) aha, rusul s±ola¸a idit /aha, rusul
s±ola¸i ¦axvedit/.
32. n.k. (00:01:58:00:02:01) do albat ti¸en re, umoso rusulo
bragadanditin /da albat imiºomaa, upro rusulad rom
vla´ara±obdit/.
33. ez. (00:02:01:00:02:04) ase, mu¸en du, magalto, rusul
s±ola¸a mu¸en mu¸aj&unes? /axla, raºom i¶o, magalitad,
rusul s±ola¸i raºom ¸egi¶vanes?/
34. n.k. (00:02:04:00:02:07) sxvata ¸oris, ate... ate ±itxvas brel
misvendu /sxvata ¸oris, am... am ±itxvas bevri
misvamda/.
35-38. n.k. (00:02:07:00:02:13-00:02:20:00:02:24) mu¸enda,
margalur miªkdes, kortuli miªkdes do rusul
mosa©irdes, °gir rusul mosa©irdes. do urtiertoba¸
gur¸eni. apxaza¦±uma rusulo bragadandit, somex¦±uma
rusulo bragadandit, rusep¦±uma tavistavad rusulo do
ate¸ gur¸eni /raºomda, megruli vicodit, kartuli
vicodit da rusuli gv©irdeboda, ±argi rusuli
gv©irdeboda. da urtiertobis gamo. apxaztan rusulad
vla´ara±obdit, somextan rusulad vla´ara±obdit,
rusebtan tavistavad rusulad da amis gamo/.

130
 39-52. ez. (00:02:24:00:02:27-52.(00:02:59:00:03:04) do kortuli
sovre¸e giªkdes, o°axis margaluro...
ma ipªiebukÊn te¸i. ar¦os tena osa©irudun ti¸en, meº
mutun¸en var. ase, margali¸ o°axis kortulo do
margaluro ragadi rdÊ iriato, axla, megrelis o°ax¸i
kartuli da megrulad la´ara±i i¶o sul, mara rusuli
ar¦os uªkuna, °giro uªkuna /me rom vla´ara±ob ise.
¶velas rom s©irdeboda, imiºom, meºi araperi. axla,
megrelis o°ax¸i kartuli da megrulad la´ara±i i¶o sul,
mara rusuli ar¦os uªkuna, °giro uªkuna/ (nona
kvekveskiri, Tb., mosk. pr.).

devnili mosaxleobis nawili Svilebs ver aswavlis

megrulsa da svanurs, magram es ar aris mxolod maTi
(devnilebis) problema, es aris, saerTod, did qalaqSi
damkvidrebuli adamianebis problema, romelTac,
rogorc wesi, survili aqvT, rom maTma Svilebma
mSoblebis (mama-papis) mSobliuri ena icodnen, magram
amisTvis TviTon arafers an verafers akeTeben da Tu
saTanado enobriv garemoSi saerTod ar uwevT yofna,
Svilebis Taoba ver swavlobs mSoblebis mSobliur
enebs.
magram erTia tendencia, romelic bunebrivi
migraciis Tanamdevia da droSia gawelili da meorea
masStabebi, rodesac socialuri kataklizmebis
Sedegad aRmoCndeba adamianebis didi masa arabunebriv
enobriv garemoSi:
547-549. T.M. (0:33:47.000-0:33:00.000) unda icodes, imiï om ro,
ýaan guli mÂçdeba, rusetêi rom midian Ävenebi, Äveni
bavêvebi, rom izrdebian, ar ician kartuli da oþaxêic ar

131
laåaraÖoben kartulad. tundac unda ilaåaraÖon, ro esmodes
bavêvs.
550. L.E. (0:34:04.000) ak Öidev is siï uaciaa, rom megrulad aÌar
laåaraÖoben.
551. T.M. (0:34:06.000) megrulad aÌar laåaraÖoben.
552-553. L.E. (0:34:08.000-0:34:12.000) da uÖve megruli
aviÂçdebat, ager aÌar icis am bavêvma da asea gadabmuli
åroblemebi ertmanetze (Tamar mania, Tb., nuc. pl.).

salome farcvanias mSoblebi erTmaneTSi megrulad

laparakoben, magram SvilTan urTierTobisTvis
mxolod qarTuls iyeneben, amitom salome mxolod
imas axerxebs, rom megruli ase Tu ise esmis, magram
ver laparakobs:
232. ±.G. (0:15:49.000) aba es kalbaï oni vin aris?
233-234. S.P. (0:15:52.000-0:15:58.000) me var salome
parcvania, davibade 1991 Âlis 3 tebervals, k. soxumêi.
rodesac soxumidan e.i. Âamovedit viçavi Âlis da rva
tvis.
261. S.P. (0:17:56.000) romel enaze daiÂçe laåaraÖi?
262. S.P. (0:17:58.000) kartuli, ra tkma unda, kartulad.
263. L.E.. (0:18:01.000) mêoblebi am enaze, kartulze,
gelaåaraÖebian?
264-266. S.P. (0:18:02.000) ravi, megruli laåaraÖic midis
saxlêi, magram upro kartulia.
265. S.P. (0:18:07.000-0:18:11.000) tu megruli exla, dedaÄemi
da mamaÄemi ertmanetêi raÌacas iï çvian tore, ase rom
upro meï ad kartuli. ertmanetêi megrulad saubroben?
268. S.P. (0:18:14.000) Öi.
269. L.E. (0:18:17.000) tkventan, bavêvebtan, upro meï ad
kartulad?
270-273. S.P. (0:18:20.000-0:18:31.000) nu exla, dedaÄemi...
tundac orive Äemi mêoblebi raÌacas gveï çvian,
raÌacas megrulad. gvesmis ase tu ise, magram, magram,
rogorc iseti Ävengan åasuxi miiÌon es arasodes ar

132
 aris. imiï o rom Även ar vicit im doneze, ro Även raÌac
åasuxi gavcet.
274. L.E.. (0:18:35.000) modi megrulad gadadi aba.
275. S.P. (0:18:37.000) vaime, imdeni ar vici...
287. L.E. (0:19:27.000) margaluro dÌas vairagaduno mutuni
mitinÂÖÊma? /megrulad aravistan gilaåaraÖia rame
vinmestan?/
288. S.P. (0:19:30.000) var /ara/.
289. L.E. (0:19:31.000) muêeni? a, magalito, natiaÂÖÊma?
raï om? ai, magalitad, natiastan?
290. S.P. (0:19:34.000) vamiÄku im doneze, rom raÌac
vilaåaraÖo /ar vici im doneze, rom raÌac vilaåaraÖo/
291. L.E. (0:19:42.000) vagoÖono giÄkudasÊ ragadi
tavisupalonÊ? /ar ginda laåaraÖi icode tavisuplad?/.
292. S.P. (0:19:44.000) ko, muÅo vari, moÖo /Öi, ra tkma unda,
minda/.
293-296. L.E. (0:19:47.000-0:20:05.000) do... muÅo oÖo moxvadasÊ
teØÊ ragadi giÄkudasÊ margaluro? margaluro
varagade, vaduragade vara didasÊ, vara mumasÊ, vara
mezobelsÊ vara megobarsÊ da xo vediguruankÊ, xo
vadgagure margaluri? an megobars da xom ver isÂavli,
xo ver isÂavle megruli? si tviton kugoÖono,
kondomulenko margaluro ragadisÊ? /da... rogor unda
moxdes es, laåaraÖi rom icode megrulad? /tu/
megrulad ar ilaåaraÖe, ar daelaåaraÖe an dedas, an
mamas, an mezobels, an megobars da xom ver isÂavli,
xo ver isÂavle megruli? êen tviton ginda, cdilob
megrulad laåaraÖs?/
297. S.P. (0:20:09.000) ko, muÅo vari, moÖo /Öi, minda, rogor
ara/.
298. L.E. (0:20:13.000) mara iêen ginurkÊ kortuliêa /magram
isev gadadixar kartulze/.
299. S.P. (0:20:14.000) ko /Öi/ (salome farcvania, Tb.,
nuc. pl.)..

leqsikuri kiTxvarebis Sevsebaze muSaobisas

aRmoCnda, rom bevri sityva daviwyebas mieca:

133
 114.ez. (00:07:46:00:07:58) ase ate ±itxvareps vavsenditÊn,
margalur siº¶vepi brel gapdeso go©¶oladir tu umoso
r¸udes? /axla am ±itxvars rom vavsebdit, megruli
siº¶vebi bevri gkondat davi¦¶ebuli tu umeºesoba
gaxsovdat?/
115-116. g.a. (00:07:58:00:08:01-00:08:01:00:08:04) ko, umoso
go©¶oladir mapu. vtoxut ¦ana re titkmis vorek takin
/±i upro davi¦¶ebuli makvs. txutmeºi ¦elia titkmis, ak
rom var/.
117-118. ez. (00:08:04:00:08:09-00:08:09:00:08:13) do ase o°axis,
sopels te siº¶vep akºiur rduo? tkva mu©o r¸una ase,
ate leksi±a ase namdgas ªkÊ vavsentÊn /da axla o°ax¸i,
sopel¸i es siº¶vebi akºiuri i¶o? tkven rogor gaxsovt
axla, es leksi±a, axla romelsac vavsebt/.
119. g.a. (00:08:13:00:08:20) ate leksi±a¸ umosi xolo rdÊ, ak
vare a¬ni¸nuli e leksi±a... /am leksi±aze meºic i¶o, ak
ar aris a¬ni¸nuli es leksi±a/ (gvaZabia anatoli,
Tb., mosk. pr.).

roca ojaxi `mowodebis simaRlezea~, tradiciuli

enobrivi status-kvos SenarCuneba Turme did
sirTules ar warmoadgens:
119-123. ez. (00:07:58:00:08:20) ai, rom ¸eadarot exla... ai,
aseti ¸edareba gava±etot, tkveni o°axi, roca tkven
bav¸vi i¶avit da tkveni m¸oblebi oªamªire¸i
ertmanettan... xom vtkvit, megrulad, rusulad,
kartulad, da ai, axla tkven da tkveni ¸vilebi,
urtiertoba sxvadasxva enaze, ai, ras xedavt saertos
da gansxvavebuls ±idev ras?
124-125. n.k. (00:08:20:00:08:28) megrelebs... rogorc sam enaze
vmeº¶velebdit ik, ªems saxl¸i, isea ak, ªems o°ax¸i,
¸vilebtanac.
126. ez. (00:08:28:00:08:30) aha, igive...
127-128. n.k. (00:08:30:00:08:37) igivea. ai, zog°er, ise, ise,
ise, mara ¶vela ena coº-coºa ician ±argad, ai, ¶vela
enas...ze la´ara±oben.

134
129. ez. (00:08:37:00:08:42) ese igi, rusulzec ±i ela´ara±ebit
mainc, rusuladac ±i ¸vils, xo?
130. n.k. (00:08:42:00:08:47) zog°er ±i, minda, ro icodes mainc.
minda, ro icodes.
131. ez. (00:08:47:00:08:52) anu, am mxriv, pakºiurad eg
surati ar ¸ecvlila. rac i¶o tkveni bav¸vobis dros...
132. n.k. (00:08:52:00:08:57) upro na±lebad rusuli, mara mainc
ro icodes ena, minda.
133. ez. (00:08:57:00:09:01) da amiºom ela´ara±ebit am enaze.
(nona kvekveskiri, Tb., mosk. pr.)

30. ez. (00:02:22:00:02:24) megruli ician ¸vilebma?

31. gv. (00:02:24:00:02:32) ±i. me es ar davu¸vi. o°ax¸i sul
megrulad vla´ara±obdit ªven da
vla´ara±obt axlac.
32. ez. (00:02:32:00:02:36) aha. tviton ar a´roºesºebdnen
¸vilebi?
33-36. gv. (00:02:36:00:03:17) ara, ara... ar a´roºesºebdnen.
imat ¶opnidat is garemo, rac i¶vnen ak da
kartulad meº¶velebdnen bav¸vebi. s±ola¸i kartulad.
mere... bav¸veb¸i ro i¶vnen, ¶velaperi es... opnidat
magat da saxl¸i ªven megruli enit vla´ara±obdit
ertmanettan da upro meºad... bebia kartulad... ±argad
la´ara±i ar icoda da sul ¶oveltvis vela´ara±ebodit
megrulad, rogorc bav¸vebi, ise ¶vela o°axis ¦evri
((gvaZabia anatoli, Tb., mosk. pr.).
***
33. L.E. 0:02:10.520 Tkvan moTaleps kouÆkuno margaluri?
/Tkvenma ¸vili¸vilebma ician megruli?/
34. P.M. 0:02:13.800 mu°oxo var, arýo margalep rena do
margalur mu©o vauÆkÊ /ras kvia ara, ¶vela megrelebi
arian da megruli rogor ar ician/,
35. P.M. 0:02:17.920 margaluri, korTuli /megruli,
karTuli/(fufuli morgoSia, Tbilisi).

135
 sxvaTa Soris, dadasturda faqtebic, rodesac
devnilebma megruli TbilisSi, ltolvilobis dros
iswavles.
425-426. a.i. (00:32:37.000-00:32:40.000) amxanagi gamovida da
utkvia: es megreli Öia, magram megruli ar iciso. da
kartulad elaåaraÖeto.
427-434. L.E. (00:32:45.000-00:33:19.000) ak, exla, uÖve
isÂavles? sainï eresoa, ai, axla tkventvis... riti
axsnit, bevrþer vapiksirebt Även amas da imiï om
gvainï eresebs. gveubnebian, rom e.i. ik, rom viçavit,
soxumêi rom viçavit, galêi rom viçavit, oÄamÄireêi
rom viçavit, kartuli ar vicodi da ak visÂavlet
kartuli an åirikit, vtkvat, megruli ik ar vicodi ik ro
viçavi da ak visÂavle megruli. ai, raï om exla, ak,
tbilisêi, raï om unda esÂavla megruli adamians?
434. a.i. (00:33:24.000) imiï om rom Öomåakï urad vart ak
dasaxlebuli çvela da... (aleko iosava, Tbilisi).

axal enobriv realobaSi devnil megrel-svanebs

situaciis mixedviT uwevT sametyvelo kodis Secvla:
132. L.E. 0:08:33.280 ak mezoblebs erTmaneTTan ra enaze
gakvT urTierToba?
133. P.M. 0:08:36.560 karTuli, megruli, ar varÆevT amas.
134. L.E. 0:08:39.960 Tanabrad.
135. P.M. 0:08:40.800 ho, karTuli, moica, megrelebi varT axla
karTulad ..... is, mainc...
136. L.E. 0:08:47.640 rogorc mogixerxdebaT ise.
137. P.M. 0:08:49.520 ho, megrelebi arian da rogor sul
karTulad iman ila´araÖos... karTulad veï ¶vi, magram ar
aris ak, megrelebi varT ¶vela...
139. ©.K. 0:08:56.480 amiï om upro mainc megrulad la´araÖobT.
140. P.M. 0:08:58.200 a?
141. ©.K. 0:08:58.840 upro mainc megrulad?
142. L.E. 0:09:00.200 xo ra.
143. ©.K. 0:09:01.040 upro x¸irad.

136
 144. P.M. 0:09:02.000 Öi megruli, aba rogor, Öi, Tu karTulad
dami¦¶o la´araÖi (?)
145. L.E. 0:09:08.440 Tkvenc a¶vebiT karTul¸i mara mere
gadadixarT megrul¸i.
146. P.M. 0:09:10.680 Tu karTulad miTxra, karTulad veï ¶vi
magaliTad.
147. P.M. 0:09:13.480 karTulad Tu damela´araÖeba, karTulad
veï ¶vi.
148. P.M. 0:09:16.440 aba is karTulad ambobs da me megrulad,
(?), ise rogorc...
149. ©.K. 0:09:23.400 mogexerxebaT...
150. P.M. 0:09:23.960 ise vambobT (fufuli morgoSia,
Tbilisi).

8. sametyvelo kodebis Sereva

sametyvelo kodebis monacvleobis mizezi SeiZleba

sxvadasxva iyos:
ar aris didi iSviaToba, rom adamianma erTze meti
ena icodes, magram amaTgan, Cveulebriv, man erTi ena
icis meoreze (sxvebze) srulyofilad, kritikul
situaciaSi, anu situaciaSi, rodesac is Sesaferis
137
sityvasa Tu frazas ver poulobs, mimarTavs im enas,
romelic yvelaze komfortulia misTvis:
bela qerqaZe qarTvelia, romelmac rusuli
ganaTleba miiRo, megrel qmarze gaTxovebis Semdeg
iswavla megruli, qarTulic, rogorc TviTon ambobs,
qmarma aswavla saTanadod. axlac metyvelebaSi is
xSirad mimarTavs rusul sityvebsa da konstruqciebs,
_ es aris ena, romelic misTvis yvela enaze
komfortulia:
75.b.k. (00:06:32:00:06:39) ara, ªven... ara, kartulad... diax,
s±ola ro i¶o da ªven s±o... s±ola¸i kartulad vmu¸aobdit.
76.b.k. (00:06:39:00:06:50) kartuli meº¶veleba i¶o. exla
meº¶veleba ik mandamainc... xo ici, sviazano vsio
s muzi±oi ºam, magram mainc kartulad midioda.
77.b.k. (00:06:50:00:06:56) da rusebic i¶o ¾alian bevri ak... eºo...
eºo bilo ±amsamols±aia sºroi±a da ¾alian bevri rusebi i¶o da
exla rusebtanac gvkonda urtiertoba ak.

58.b.k. (00:05:04:00:05:06) ±i, rogor ar icodnen, albat icodnen.

ai, me¼du saboi ani razgavarivali, megreli, me¼du saboi.
magram eºo dlia menia bilo ±a± ±iºais±i iazi± (bela qerqaZe,
daba jvari).

aseTi rusul-qarTuli da rusul-megruli

kombinaciebi Cveulebrivia, magram aseve Cveulebrivia
rusul-qarTul-megruli sametyvelo kodebiT
manipulireba:
1.b.k. (00:00:00:00:00:18) revalucia ±agda da ´erevaroº ±agda
bil, u±uli s±ola daingra da mere saxleb¸i vmu¸aobdit da a eseti
cudi cxovreba ¦avida mere (bela qerqaZe, daba jvari)..

138
 liudmila jijelavam afxazeTSi mxolod megruli
da rusuli icoda, qarTuli man TbilisSi iswavla.
bunebrivia, rom rusuli misTvis komfortuli enaa da
am enis gamoyenebiT (situaciidan gamomdinare, mxolod
rusuliT ver imetyvelebs, amitom qvecnobierad
mimarTavs rusul-qarTul kombinacias) ukeT axerxebs
azris gadmocemas:
376. L.E. (00:23:23.000) da im apxazebs tu hkondat survili, rom
kartuli esÂavlat?
377. L.ჯ. (00:23:27.000) ara, ani nixaï eli vapêem uÄiï sia.
378. L.E. (00:23:30.000) raï omo, ras ambobdnen?
379. L.ჯ. (00:23:31.000) ra vici, ar undodat.
380. L.ჯ. (00:23:33.000) da gaKvetilic ise gadioda, izuÄala
gruzinsKii iaziK.
***
405. L.ჯ. (00:25:06.000) gogos imis niÅi konda, rusulad
velaåaraKebodi gogos, axla Kido Kargad icis rusuli. malÄiK ni
oÄen znaeï .
***
420. L.ჯ. (00:26:05.000) kartvelebs, tbiliselebs... ax, tkven ase
gxvdebat, kartuli ro ar icit da ro gadagçareso - vaime... კaკoi
eï a naÄinali ... såor... vapêem uúas bila, uúas... (jijelava
liudmila, Tbilisi).

erTi sametyvelo kodidan meoreze gadasvlis

mizezi SeiZleba iyos `lokaluri~ Seferxeba _
respondenti saWiro sityvas ver poulobs (an hgonia,
rom ver poulobs) erT enaze da momentalurad
gadadis meoreze:

139
 37. Z.G. (0:02:05.020) (11) xoda, Även ro mivedit, xis Karebi rom
iço, (14) ï ripul... inas... ÅiêKar ren, xom koiÄku, þaê ina uÌudu...
ho, adre... cxeniê gitaKiral mudgaren, atena ï ripuljaï as apudu
porili iêo, mtliano /ï ripol... imas... ÅiêKari xomaa, xom ici, xis
isa hkonda... ho, adre... cxenis misabmeli raÌaca romaa, es
ï ripoliaï s hkonda daparuli mtlianad/ (zurab gogia,
zugdidi).

respondenti iTvaliswinebs Txovnas da qarTulad

laparakobs, Tumca megruli urCevnia da gadadis
kidevac megrulze. isev qarTulze gadasvlis mizezi
xdeba saubris dros mesame piris _ bavSvis gamoCena,
romelsac qarTulad unda mimarTo:
494.p.k. (38:51:38:54) axla geº¶vi axla axalgazrdobas ªems.
495. W.k. (38:54:39:01) ho.
496-503.p.k. (39:01:39:59) mezobel bi©tan mkonda la´ara±i... es
mezobeli bi©i movida ªemtan. kumortu tek ªkimda... margaluro
geªiebuk. kumortu ªkimda do ma si o±o molma&uneva o±ove, mi¦u.
toli¸ o¾irapalo va±o, ginilens ©±ua¸e... odo, °giri. ek... amas ic-
nob, bebia? odo, kumortu tek, te bo¸ik /movida es ªemtan... me-
grulad gela´ara±ebi. movida ªemtan da me ¸en unda ¦amom¶veo,
mitxra. tvalis dasanaxad ar unda, gadava ©±uaze... hoda, ±argi.
aman... amas icnob, bebia? hoda, movida es, es bi©i/.
561.p.k. (45:46:45:49) bebia... bebia, es ¦ai¬e saxl¸i (fufuli
kankia, zugdidi, Tbilisi).

saubrisas pataras gamoCenas aqtualuri kodidan

(romelzec metyvelebs konkretul situaciaSi)
`daprogramebul~ kodze gadahyavs respondenti.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am konkretul situaciaSi bavSvi
megrulad mimarTavs bebias, bebia ki Tavidan

140
qarTulad ekontaqteba, mere ki saerTo konteqsts
`ubrundeba~, Tumca qarTulad agrZelebs:
156.c.t. (13:32:13:32) mi¦is samu¸ao... xolo ve¸ilebe. barua,
xaªkua...
160.c.t. (13:45:13:48) naxua axla ©i©e ba¬ana koreda, mu©o var,
mara... ha, bebi...
161.d. ¸. (13:48:13:51) ±a±a mo±o /ºualeº¸i minda/.
162.c.t. (13:51:13:52) gaa±ete mere.
163.d. ¸. (13:52:13:57) gar¸o± vare /kotani /gar¸o±i/ ar aris/.
164.c.t. (13:57:14:05) mu pkiminat ase. mebdinit ±oªi. moi¬ank
ase /ra vknat axla. davi¬u´et ±aci. mogiºan axlave/.
165-167.c.t. (14:05:14:28) ... tu ¸emtxvevit naxavdnen ertmanets,
±argi, anda ªaereoda ma©an±ali da aªvenebda bi©s da gogos
ertmanets... tu moe¦onebodat, ikneboda ni¸noba. tu arada vsio
(cisana Tordia, zugdidi, ingiri).

aris aseTi momentic: respondentma megruli icis (es

Cans saubarSi), magram konkretul situaciaSi igi _
inteligenti adamiani, eqimi, komunikaciisTvis mainc
qarTuls irCevs, radgan mas esaubreba enaTmecnierebis
institutis direqtori da es garemoeba erTgvar
oficialur saxes aZlevs komunikacias. Tanac, atyobs,
rom azris gamosaTqmelad mas qarTuli ufro
dasWirdeba. swored amitom iTxovs is nebarTvas,
megrulidan qarTulze gadavides:
124.ez. (00:08:41:00:08:45) mu¸ bral re tena tkvan azrit? mu¸ dros
albat giªkdes, xo? /risi bralia es, tkveni azrit? tavis droze
albat icodit, xo?/
125.gv. (00:08:45:00:08:56) ko. mu¸ dros miªkÊdes do ase u±ve...
xani... ver gavixsene... ver gavixsene /±i. tavis droze vicodit da
axla u±ve... asa±i... ver gavixsene... ver gavixsene/.
133.gv. (00:09:51:00:09:54) maxsovs... kartulad...

141
 134.ez. (00:09:54:00:09:54) ¸ei¾leba...
133.gv. (00:09:54:00:09:56) vila´ara±o, ¸ei¾leba?
134.ez. (00:09:56:00:09:57) diax (gvaZabia anatoli, Tbilisi,
mosk. pr.).

Tanamosaubrem icis, vTqvaT, megrulic da

qarTulic, _ orive eniT xdeba manipulireba. kodidan
kodze gadasvla am dros spontanurad, Tanac
sametyvelo kodebis monacvleoba xdeba aramxolod
frazebis mixedviT, aramed TviT frazebis SigniTac
(rogorc Cans, imasac aqvs mniSvneloba, rom
komunikaciis partniori axlobeli adamiania _ amis
gamo is ufro met Tavisuflebas aniWebs Tavs,
zedmetad ar `wvalobs~ saWiro sityvebis Zebnisas,
instinqturad gadadis im kodze, romelic konkretuli
azris gadmosacemad ufro upriani hgonia. cxadia,
monolingvTan sul sxvanairi iqneba misi metyveleba _
monolingvuri da ara Sereuli):
95. Z.G. (0:05:06.050) (10) inak ik iêo medinu soxums do mu
miÄku... კaroÄe,, deiკarga /ikit daiკarga soxumêi da ra vici...
კaroÄe, deiკarga/.
96. Z.G. (0:05:10.050) (17) xoda, mere gadarÄa ese igi es...
tavadebi...
98. Z.G. (0:05:17.050) (22) ra moxda, ra þandaba moxda da eåaï ia
ra es, Kizirias egi.
99. Z.G. (0:05:22.050) (25) კiziriaê Åკiruak keåaï u... Åკirua var,
doÌurudu KoÄi, mu aÌoledu aba /Kizirias daÅra eåaï ia... daÅra
კi ara, moკvdeboda კaci, ra mouvidodda aba/,
100. Z.G. (0:05:25.050) (28) Kiles geglatolundes tiÂKuman
/mკlavs rom Äamoasxeåavdnen maêin/.

142
 101. Z.G. (0:05:28.050) (34) nu, keåaï u, mtavrobak kaåaï u do...
/nu, eåaï ia, mtavrobam aåaï ia da.../.
102. Z.G. (0:05:34.050) (36) romel Âels deiÌuåa, magi ar maxsovs
axla me.
***
124. Z.G. (0:07:17.070) (20) ...maêin çopila viÌac gantkmuli çaÄaÌi,
125. Z.G. (0:07:20.070) (24) gantkmuli çaÄaÌi Ki ara,
revolucioneri çopila viÌaca ï çeêi
126. Z.G. (0:07:24.070) (31) da magan aÄuka... oo, gvari... gvar
vapêu ti revolucioneriêi /da magan aÄuka... oo, gvari... gvari ar
maxsovs im revolucioneris/ (zurab gogia, zugdidi).
***
67.c.k. (00:05:56:00:05:57) aseti mdgomaroba i¶o.
96.c.k. (00:08:24:00:08:33) ªven dedaªemtan ar gvi©irda amdeni,
imiºom rom bi¾aªems e¾leoda ±u´on... i¶o...
97.c.k. (00:08:33:00:08:40) ±u´on mu p¸u, bo... ºaloni. ºaloni i¶o da
ºalonze ergeboda pkvili /±u´oni ras maxsovs, ±aco... ºaloni.
ºaloni i¶o da ºalonze ergeboda pkvili/.
99.c.k. (00:08:48:00:08:54) hoda, ªve... ªkim¸en deda... /hoda, ªve...
sa¦¶ali deda..../
100.c.k. (00:08:54:00:08:57) dedak, mu °oxo, naºa¸as ku¬uniao, mu¸
ªildos±uas ku¬uniao /dedam, ras hkvia, naºa¸as tu akvso, mis
col-¸vils tu akvso/.
101.c.k. (00:08:57:00:09:01) ´ux¸a kumubunuapu, tena mudgarenep¸a
kenur¬vapu /zurgze mou±idia, es ra¬aca¸i ªau¶ria/.
102.c.k. (00:09:01:00:09:06) ¦arsula imas... zedae¦er¸i i¶vnen ma¸in
eseni.
108.W.k. (00:09:23:00:09:24) visi mama?
109.c.k. (00:09:24:00:09:29) im... naºa¸asi. gri¸a¸ osuri¸i. si naºa¸as
kumo©i¸apuko? /im... naºa¸asi. gri¸as colis. ¸en naºa¸as
mos¦rebixar?/
110.c.k. (00:09:29:00:09:32) ko, munero var, mara... ak ra undoda
imas? /±i, rogor ara, magram... ak ra undoda imas?/
111.c.k. (00:09:32:00:09:34) naºa¸as... narazens... /naºa¸as...
narazen¸i.../
112.c.k. (00:09:34:00:09:36) ±i, mara is ±aci akauri i¶o?
113.c.k. (00:09:36:00:09:38) vis ±aci... o, is ak cxovrobda is
rusis ±aci.
117.c.k. (00:09:49:00:09:50) es ar vicodi.
143
 118.c.k. (00:09:50:00:09:58) oo... naºa¸as mama. u±ul midartes
inemk vi¸o, u±raina¸a... taki rdes /oo... naºa¸as mama. mere
¦avidnen isini ikit, u±raina¸i... ak i¶vnen/ (cicino qiria,
xobi, xamisquri).
***
18.c.k. (00:01:12:00:01:16) mere... aba, mu gisxununiava, mi¦is
/mere... aba, ra girªevniao, mitxres/.
19.c.k. (00:01:16:00:01:18) atak ¼ir¦liani insºiºuºi rdu, zugic
/ak or¦liani inºiºuºi i¶o, zugdid¸i/.
20.c.k. (00:01:18:00:01:26) mara, ramden... sa¸valo ar
damimtavrebia, meate ±las¸i gadavedi.
21.c.k. (00:01:26:00:01:29) cxra ±lasi davamtavre.
22.tz.k. (00:01:29:00:01:33) ena¸ aºesºaº ma vam¬udu, tak
ªuvabar±o gamocdepin /amis aºesºaºi ar mkonda, ak rom
ªamebarebina gamocdebi/.
35.c.k. (00:02:27:00:02:29) meotxe ±ursze daga°eno, mi¦u /meotxe
±ursze daga°eno, mitxra/...(cicino qiria, xobi, xamisquri).
***
127. Z.G. (0:07:31.070) (36) tis uÄukebu teêa. sovre gegenkia
KaroÄe xonarsian, tevre o&oti tiê dida vardasia arti /imas
uÄukebia amistvis. saidanac gaigoneb xmaso, ikit isroleo
magis deda ar içoso erTi/.
128. Z.G. (0:07:36.070) (39) ï çaêa rdÊ gaÅirebuli osuramo nï ebuli
úirxolo /ï çeêi iço gaÅirvebuli colianad gakceuli
orive/(zurab gogia, zugdidi).

erTi ena naklebad prestiJulia Tu Sesaferisi,

amitom ama Tu im situaciaSi dgeba ufro prestiJul
enaze gadasvlis `saWiroeba~ (Tumca es `piroba~
maleve aviwydeba respondents da lamis yovel
frazaze icvlis sametyvelo kods:
47.c.k. (00:02:58:00:03:02) kumortu coda valek, jaxado, mi¦u... ¦ers
isa? /movida sa¦¶ali vale, hoda, mitxra.../
49.W.k. (00:03:02:00:02:04)±i.
50.c.k. (00:03:04:00:03:05) ma¸in kartulad viº¶vi, ±aco.

144
 51.c.k. (00:03:05:00:03:08) midi, ±aco. mu renia u±uli? /midi,
±aco. rao mere?/
52. c.k. (00:03:08:00:03:15) ikit unda ¦avsulvi¶avito sanaxavad,
magram me davibareo, meri. asea sakme, is mom¦ons, minda imis
¶idva.
58. c.k. (00:03:42:00:03:47) ´o´nari kiminu ªkim muantilk
/gadairia /"´o´nari kna"/ ªemi mamamtili/.
59. c.k. (00:03:47:00:03:50) gagi¼da ±aci. raºom? arao, ¸en ªems
saxl¸i unda me¶ole, me ¸ens xel¸i unda mov±vdeo. akac viknebi,
ikac viknebi. is ±argi o°axia, namdvilad ¸esa¾eni o°axia da
datanxmdio.
67. c.k. (00:04:23:00:04:24) ge&alu bo¸i e ±oªk /gagi¼da, ±aco, es
±aci/.
68. c.k. (00:04:24:00:04:29) aseva atna irpeli meri¸ brali renia.
ketaragadua /axlao, es ¶velaperi meris brali ariso,
¸eagulianao/...
81. c.k. (00:05:24:00:05:27) ar¾os ªamogitvalensia, saama¶ot
miorªkunia /¶velas ªamogitvliso, saama¶od miaªniao/.
82. c.k. (00:05:27:00:05:31) tu undato magat ¦asvla, nu dau¸lio.
83. c.k. (00:05:31:00:05:34) saama¶o sakme ariso.
84. c.k. (00:05:34:00:05:35) mara gexangu (cicino qiria, xobi,
xamisquri).

Cveulebriv, romel enazec ekiTxebi an iTxov pasuxs,

im enaze gpasuxoben, magram xandaxan Tanamosaubre
`jiutdeba~, saWiro xdeba gamudmebuli Sexseneba, rom
sxva gziT ar wavides, _ da es xdeba TavisTavad,
Znelia rame xelmosaWidi Sinagani motivaciis
meqanizmis povna, garda imisa, rom mas qarTulad
laparaki ufro moswons:
504. R.G. (0:25:22.250) (24) tkveni sakme ar ari, me es momÂonso
da...
505. W.K. (0:25:24.250) (24) margaluri.../megruli.../

145
 506. R.G. (0:25:24.250) (35) o, do kimeÄu vobêem ra, tanxmoba.
egre iço... mere gavÄ... ke... gavÄndit Även, moKled, angelozebi
/hoda, misca "vobêem" ra, tanxmoba. egre iço... mere gavÄ... ke...
gavÄndit Även, moKled, angelozebi/.
507. W.K. (0:25:35.250) (38) ese igi, tkva kortuli digureto
åirvelo tu margaluri, varêu tina /ese igi, tkven kartuli
isÂavlet åirvelad tu megruli, ar gaxsovs eg/.
508. R.G. (0:25:38.250) (46) exla, ena vapêu, mara êegnebulad rac
maxsovs exla, saurtiertobod /axla, es ar maxsovs, magram
êegnebulad rac maxsovs exla, saurtiertobod/,
509. R.G. (0:25:46.250) (52) bebiaÂKuma iêen margaluro. do
gansaKutrebit, xo koptkvi, ÂaKinKlavebaê momenï is
/bebiastan mainc megrulad. da gansaKutrebit, xom vtkvi,
ÂaKinKlavebis momenï êi/,
510. R.G. (0:25:52.250) (56) mudava miragadudes, kortulo
veÄxuåatia, vara vamarÄkilenia þgiro /isao, gveubnebodnen,
kartulad nu Äxubobto, torem ar mesmiso Kargad/.
511. R.G. (0:25:56.260) (02) Äkar-Äkara laåaraKobto da ar
mesmiso. xoda, me erti maxsovs es exla,
512. R.G. (0:26:02.260) (07) Äemi is tu.. is åeriodi ar maxsovs,
mara gela ro åaï ara iço, is xom maxsovs, gelas dabadeba...
513. W.K. (0:26:07.260) (08) margaluro... /megrulad.../
514. R.G. (0:26:08.260) (13) gelas magalto Äki margaluro
vauragadudit. nu, eteê... /gelas, magalitad, Även megrulad ar
velaåaraKebodit. nu, ise.../
515. W.K. (0:26:13.260) (17) tkva uKve did cirep rdit do kortulo...
umoso ina rdÊ, varo? /tkven uKve didi gogoebi içavit da
kartulad... upro is iço, ara?/
516. R.G. (0:26:17.260) (21) o... mu didep vordit, boêi, amêv
Âaneri, xut Âaneri, ataêi /o... ra didebi viçavit, Kaco, ekvsi
Âlisa, xuti Âlisa, ase/.
517. R.G. (0:26:21.260) (24) bela rdÊ vit Âaneri /bela iço ati
Âlis/.
518. W.K. (0:26:24.260) (25) o, mara ase gogrexudes margaluri
/ho, magram "gegrexebodat" axla megruli/.
519. R.G. (0:26:25.260) (29) var, bo, årosï a... vamiÄku... ara...
maêin... /ara, Kaco, "årosï a"... ar vici... ara... maêin.../

146
 522. R.G. (0:26:40.260) (44) ko, tis giÂink, mara art Âutis
giÂink... exla... gazrdastan daKavêirebit... /Ki, magas geï çvi,
magram erti Âuti geï çvi... axla... gazrdastan daKavêirebit.../
523. R.G. (0:26:44.260) (46) erti maxsovs me... þulis natkvams
geubnebi.
524. W.K. (0:26:46.260) (47) margaluro /megrulad/.
525. R.G. (0:26:47.260) (50) o... bela ÅiÅe rduani... mara ek kortulo
re do muÅo ptkua margaluro /ho... bela åaï ara rom içoo... magram
ik kartuladaa da rogor vtkva megrulad/.
526. W.K. (0:26:50.260) (51) kortuli kortulo tkvi /kartuli
kartulad tkvi/.
527. R.G. (0:26:51.260) (55) bela ÅiÅe rduan, timÂKuma...
xoneliýeebi xo cxovrobdnen Ävens gverdit /bela rom åaï ara
içoo, maêin... xoneliýeebi xo cxovrobdnen Ävens gverdit/,
528. RG. (0:26:55.270) (02) isini ar nacxovreban ik. iço åirdaåir
is, didi xe ro... ai, is, KuKuri, KuKuri, alania.
529. R.G. (0:27:02.270) (05) imis ezo iço Även mezoblad.
530. R.G. (0:27:05.270) (09) da tis uÌudu... uzarmazari tetri bali
hkonda ezoêi /da magas hkonda... uzarmazari tetri bali hkonda
ezoêi/,
531. R.G. (0:27:09.270) (11) da bela åaï ara ro iço, miirbendao im
Ìobestan da
532. R.G. (0:27:11.270) (16) balo, modi Äemtan, - ase eýaxdao.
åaï ara, Även ro ar vi...
533. R.G. (0:27:16.270) (20) ar viçavit dabadebuli. ese igi...
534. W.K. (0:27:20.270) (21) kortulo noÄiebue baÌana.
535. R.G. (0:27:21.270) (22) taê giêmurs, o /ase gamodis/.
537. R.G. (0:27:30.270) (35) sKolaêi ro Âavedit, magalitad, Även
çvela gamartulad vsaubrobdit da albat... (rusudan gvilia,
zugdidi).

iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac kiTxvebi dasmuli iyo

qarTulad, magram mravali Txovnis miuxedavad
respondentebi mainc megrulad amjobinebdnen pasuxs _
rogorc Cans, amis mizezi iyo ara `megruli
patriotizmi~, aramed erTgvari SiSi: vaiTu rame
147
SemeSalos Tbilisidan CamosulTan (miuxedavad imisa,
rom es `Tbilisidan Camosulic~ megreli iyo),
gamarTuli da `swori~ qarTuliT ver vilaparakoo
(aseTi SemTxvevebi gansakuTrebiT dagvamaxsovrda
walenjixis raionis sof. WoRaSi).

9. leqsikologiuri kiTxvari
(winaswari kvleva)

148
 XX saukuneSi enis struqturis kvleva sazogadoe-
bis, sociumis struqturasTan kavSirSi warimarTa
ramdenime mimarTulebiT. 30-ian wlebSi Camoyalibebu-
li e. sepiris Teoria, romelic SemdgomSi b. uorfma
ganaviTara da dRes sepir-uorfis Teoriis saxeliTaa
cnobili, cdilobda eCvenebina konkretuli enis mi-
marTeba sociumis kulturul RirebulebebTan, war-
modgenebisa da qcevebis mTlian sistemasTan. 50-ian
wlebSi Cndeba paikis Teoria, romlis Tanaxmad, ada-
mianis (resp. sociumis) qcevis gansazRvruli erT-erTi
faqtoria ena. Sesabamisad, enobrivi forma _ esaa
kulturis forma, romelic Tavs uyris sazogadoebis
warmodgenebs, romelzec SeTanxmdnen sociumis wevrebi
da, Sesabamisad, zegavlenas axdens sociumis wevris
qmedebaze. enobrivi formis Seswavla emyareba iseT
sociolingvistur parametrebs, rogoricaa: situacia,
situaciaSi monawileTa socialuri (resp. lingvisturi)
rolebi: gamgzavni, mimRebi; situaciis dro da adgili.
sociolingvisturi, eTnolingvisturi, fsiqoling-
visturi kvlevebis kvaldakval, Tanamedrove etapze
axleburi mniSvneloba SeiZina sepir-uorfis Teoriam
da asaxva hpova kognitur da komunikaciur lingvisti-
kaSi. sityva, leqsema ar ganixileba mxolod enobriv
formad (gamoxatulebisa da Sinaarsis planis erTo-
blioba), aramed erTgvar sakvanZo simbolod, gasaRe-

149
bad ufro didi konteqstisa _ esaa is, rasac mokled
kultura hqvia, Tumca is moicavs sazogadoebis az-
rovnebis (fsiqika), warmodgenebis (eTnosi) da qcevebis
(sociumi) sistemebs, anu RirebulebaTa sistemas.
am TvalsazrisiT, enis leqsikuri fondi SeiZleba
dajgufdes iseT qvesistemebad, romlebic garkveul
kulturologiur sistemebs qmnian. es sistemebi
rogorc wesi, emTxveva tradiciul dargobriv leqsi-
kur qvejgufebs, magram farTovdeba konteqsti, rom-
lis mixedviTac Seiswavleba leqsema.
megrul-lazuris leqsikuri fondidan Cven Sevar-
CieT ramdenime qvesistema da vecdebiT maT gaanalize-
bas swored socio-kulturologiur WrilSi.

9. 1. naTesauri urTierTobis aRmniSvneli leqsika

sociumis struqturul erTeuls warmoadgens

ojaxi. erTi mxriv, ojaxis Semadgenloba, wevrTa
urTierToba da ierarqia, meore mxriv, erTi ojaxis

150
mimarTeba monaTesave ojaxTan (ojaxebTan) _ aris is
konteqsti, romelic ganapirobebs leqsemaTa
mniSvnelobebs, saxeldebis motivacias.
adamianTa naTesaobis aRmniSvneli leqsika megrul-
lazurSi SenarCunebulia sakuTriv zanuri formebiT:
nana / dida `deda~, baba / muma `mama~, dianTili /
damTire `dedamTili~, oxolasqiri (oxorasqili) /
oxasule `mazliSvili~, `muliSvili~ muanTili /
mTiri `mamamTili~, babu / papu `babua~, bebi / pepi
`bebia~, jumadi / jimadi `biZia~, dadi `deida~, qomonji
/ qimoli `qmari~, osuri / oxorja / Cili `coli~.
nasesxebi leqsika ramdenime niSniT xasiaTdeba:
1. qarTulidan Semosuli leqsika evfemisturi
elferiT: ojaxoba `coli~, meuRle `qmari~, variantebi:
meuRele, meuRue. es ukanaskneli sakuTriv zanur fuZes
uRu eyrdnoba, amitom savaraudoa qarTulis analogi-
uri an sulac zanuri warmoeba iyos.
2. rusulis gziT Semosuli leqsika kninobiTi se-
mantikiT: yazaxi / yazayi `qmari~ (mimarTvis dros ix-
mareba, Sdr. `Cemi kaci~ qarTulSi), papuCi `mama~ (aseve
mimarTvis formaa: rus. папа + kninobiTobis sufiqsi -
uC: Sdr. qarT. `deduna, deduCi~). Cven ara erTxel
SevswrebivarT samurzayanosa da oCamCiris raionSi,
Svilebi rom mSoblebs rusuli sityvebiT папа da мама
mimarTavdnen, rac afxazeTSi mimdinare

151
rusifikatoruli politikis erTgvari gamovlineba
iyo.
aRsaniSnavia, rom megrulSi tradiciul zanur nana
formas naklebad xmaroben, ufro xSiria dida, igive
iTqmis baba da muma sityvebzec. am mxriv saerTo
tendencias amJRavnebs mamisa da dedis mxridan uax-
loesi naTesavebis aRmniSvneli leqsika: biZa / biZia /
biZi-s zanuri semantikuri Sesatyvisia jimadi / jumadi
/ jiji (es ukanaskneli mimarTvis formaa). faqto-
brivad, zanuri formebi gasulia xmarebidan, mxolod
moxucebTan Tu dasturdeba. Sesabamisad, tradiciulia
forma biZiskua `biZaSvili~, mosalodneli jimadiskua-
s nacvlad, Tumca, megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, lazurSi
myaradaa daculi formebi jumadi `biZia~, jumadiSi
bere `biZaSvili~.
jumadi-s msgavsad deida-s aRmniSvneli zanuri
forma didi iSviaTobaa, ZiriTadia formebi deida, dei,
aqac lazuri Tu asaxavs istoriul tradicias. analo-
giuria mamidis aRmniSvnel leqsemaTa ganawilebac: me-
grulSi ZiriTadia: mamida, mami formebi, xolo
lazurSi _ dadi. miT umetes, megrulSi gavrcelebu-
lia bico forma bicola-s aRsaniSnavad. Znelia imis
Tqma, sakuTriv zanuri sityva ra unda yofiliyo,
radgan lazurSi dadi leqsemiT aRiniSneba rogorc
deida da mamida, aseve _ bicola.

152
 rac Seexeba didedis da didi babuis, papis
gamomxatvel leqsemebs, megrulSi esenia: pepi da papu /
papuli, xolo lazurSi _ didi nandidi, didi nana da
didi papuli, didi baba. cnobilia, rom qarTuli papa
dakavSirebulia romaul-laTinur pap- formasTan.
magram lazuri papuli forma gaformebulia -ul
sufiqsiT, romlis sonori elementebis dakargva
bunebrivi procesia zanurisTvis: da  dal-ef-i
`debi~, pirWa  pirWal-i `TvaldaWyetili~; aseve
Sdr. qarT. formebi: mama  *mamali, deda  *dedali...,
mamali formis Sesatyvisi zanurSi aris mumuli,
aqedan _ muma.
rogorc Cans, pap- Ziri Zveli nasesxobaa da
zanurSi moxda misi gaformeba sufiqsiT, msgavsad
Semdegi formebisa: muma  mumuli *momuli, baba 
*babuli (`babulia~ saalerso formaa, romliTac babua
mimarTavs SviliSvils). arn. Ciqobavas TvalsazrisiT,
bab-a formis bolokiduri -a Zireuli ar aris (arn.
Ciqobava, 1936, gv. 15-16). aseve, baba fuZe Cans sityvebSi
badidi `moxuci kaci~, laz. babawa.
baba da muma formaTa urTierTmimarTebis
TvalsazrisiT, mecnieri aRniSnavs, rom maT
stilistikuri niuansi ganasxvavebs megrulSi: muma
zogadi saxelia, xolo baba - mimarTvis formaa.
lazurSi amgvari diferenciacia ar SeiniSneba. arn.

153
Ciqobava varaudobs, rom baba forma meoreuli monace-
mia muma-sTan SedarebiT (arn. Ciqobava, 1936, gv. 16).
SesaZlebelia *babul-i formis dakavSireba babua-
sTanac. mam- da bab- Zirebis semantikuri diferenciacia
unda momxdariyo aRmosavlur arealSi, miT umetes,
rom mkvlevarTa versiiT, papa meoreulia aRmosavluri
dialeqtebisaTvis da wignuri gziT Semosuli Cans (a.
arabuli, 2003, gv. 51), xolo dasavlur (megrul-lazur)
arealSi mxolod stilistikuri niuansi ganarCevda.
savaraudod, amave periodSi zepiri gziT fexs ikidebs
pap- Ziric, oRond zanurad gaformebuli da swored
mas ekisreba babu-is mniSvneloba: papuli  papu. rac
Seexeba megr. pepi `dideda~ formas, vfiqrobT, rom is
xmovanmonacvleobis Sedegia: pep pap -.
sagulisxmoa kompoziti badi-xCini, / xCini-badi _
laz.: moxuci da dedaberi, rac megrulSi gadmoicema
SesityvebiT: dedibi do badidi. lazursa da megrulSi
kompozitis saerTo nawilia badi{d}i  baba + didi,
xolo qalis aRmniSvneli forma sxvadasxva: xCini
`niSnavs~ moxucs, TeTrTmians. Sdr. xCe // qCe `mxco-
vani, WaRara~, xolo megr. dedibi, savaraudod iseTive
warmoebisaa, rogorc badidi: deda + didi *dedidi,
xolo badidisTan kavSirSi moxda bolokiduri Tanx-
movnebis gadabgereba:

154
 *dedidi do badidi  dedibi do badidi. aRsaniS-
navia, rom Tanamedrove megrul metyvelebaSi badidi
do dedibi Sesityveba ironizebulia da xSirad
Seuracxmyofeli. zRaprebisagan gansxvavebiT,
Cveulebriv saubarSi iSviaTad iyeneben am sityvebs an
gaxumrebis konteqstSi, anda Seuracxyofis mizniT.
lazurSi amgvari xazgasma naklebadaa SesamCnevi.
megruli da lazuri masalis korelacias Tu
movaxdenT, miviRebT or gansxvavebul rigs:
megr. laz. qarT.
dida nana `deda~
muma baba `mama~
babu papuli `babua, papa~
bebi nandidi `bebia~
papu papuli, didi papuli `papa~
pepi didi nana, didi nandidi `dideda~
ojaxis wevrTa samsafexurovan ierarqiaSi saxelTa
diferenciacia momxdaria samsave safexurze megrul-
sa da qarTulSi, xolo lazurSi II da III safexurTa
leqsikuri diferenciacia TiTqmis ar xdeba. Sesityve-
bebi didi papuli da didi nandidi gviCvenebs, rom aR-
weriTi gziT cdilobs ena TaobaTa garCevas. saerTo-
dac, vfiqrobT, rom III safexuris enobrivi (leqsikuri)
diferenciacia mogviano etapisaa qarTulsa da me-
grulSi. ufro Zveli enobrivi (resp. kulturuli) Sre

155
lazurSi Cans Semonaxuli. amas isic adasturebs, rom
megrulSi ZiriTadia dida ~ `deda~, muma ~ `mama~ leq-
semebi, xolo nana da baba iSviaTia. samecniero lite-
raturidan cnobilia, rom nana ukavSirdeba uZveles
Sumerul-xaTur RvTaebas.
cnobilia, rom ojaxis wevrTa socialuri statusi
da urTierTdamokidebuleba Tavs iCens mimarTvis
formebSic. samegreloSi tradiciulad qali qmars mi-
marTavda sityviT Tolige / Toli `TvalisCino~, xolo
qmari cols _ sityviT Surige `suliko~. faqtobrivad,
es tradicia Tanamedrove megrul sazogadoebaSi mo-
Slilia da sakuTari saxelebiT mimarTaven erTmaneTs
meuRleebi. maSinac, roca meuRleebze saubroben, iye-
neben qmris da colis aRmniSvnel leqsemebs: Cqim
osurˆ / oxorja `Cemi coli~, Cqim qomolˆ / qˆmol/ ya-
zayi... `Cemi qmari~... sainteresoa, rom galis raionSi,
erTaderT ojaxSi mama-Svilisagan (mama lamis 100
wlisaa) movismineT sityva muTare, romliTac kaci mi-
marTavs Tavis cols. etimologiurad is aixsneba sa-
kuTriv megrulis safuZvelze: muTˆ ore? `rogor
aris?~ sityvasityviT: `riT aris?~ am Sesityvebis ga-
kompozitebiT miRebuli sityva daitvirTa axali
mniSvnelobiT _ `arauSavs~. anu SesityvebaSi dasmuli
kiTxvis pasuxic amave SesityvebaSia. amitomac megrul
dialogSi amjerad muTare sityva ase warmodgeba:

156
 _ muWo re? `rogor aris?~
_ muTare, mu miCqˆ `ara uSavs, ra vici~.
an:
_ gumorWyod sqan saxelq, _ `damaviwyda Seni sax-
eli~
_ muTare, nani bjoxo, _ `ara uSavs, nani mqvia~.
amgvari semantikis mqone sityvis `muTare~ mosmena
colisadmi mimarTvis formad moulodneli Canda. Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT tabus tradicias, roca sakuTari
saxeliT mimarTva akrZaluli iyo da amitomac ixmare-
boda Tolige `Tvalis Cini~ da Surige `suliko~, mu-
Tare sityviT mimarTvisas xom ar Cans faruli kon-
teqsti: ara uSavs, rom saxeliT ar mogmarTav.
TavisTavad, mimarTvis formebad iseTi leqsikuri
fuZeebis SerCeva, rogoricaa Tol- `Tvali da Sur-
`suli~, warmoaCens ojaxis, rogorc GirebulebiTi
sistemis Sefasebas: coli da qmari ojaxis Tvali da
sulia. amdenad, tabu ramdenadac akninebda konkre-
tuli adamianis mniSvnelobas, imdenad amaRlebda am
adamianis funqciur mniSvnelobas ojaxisaTvis.
vfiqrobT, rom mimarTvis am formaTa dakargviT
moxda RirebulebiTi sistemis gadasxvafereba _ win
wamoiwia konkretuli adamianis mniSvnelobam sociumis
ganviTarebaSi.

157
 megrulSi TvalSi sacemia naTesavi-s aRmniSvnel
leqsemaTa siWrele. ZiriTadi leqsemaa naTese, rac
qarTulidanaa nasesxebi. iSviaTad ixmareba mojgire _
`mokeTe~, ufro naklebad leqsemebi: qomonjiSiani,
osuriSiani `qmrisianebi~, `colisianebi~ (colouri).
Segvxvda aseTi Sesityvebebic: mosamarTeS gamnaryˆ,
CilorTiSˆ partia.
mosamarTeS gamnaryˆ = Sesityveba Cawerilia sof.
saberiosa da daba jvarSi. teritoriulad isini erT-
maneTs emijnebian, amdenad, am arealisTvis
(Crdilo_dasavluri megruli) damaxasiaTeblad
SeiZleba CavTvaloT. Sesityvebis meore wevri gamnaryˆ
damoukidebladac ixmareba da ojaxis ganayofs, STa-
momavlobas aRniSnavs. mosamarTe forma qarTulidan
Cans nasesxebi da igive unda iyos, rac SesityvebaSi:
xelis momarTva, xelmosamarTi... Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,
rom naTesavi swored is kategoriaa, romelic gex-
mareba, xels giwvdis, gimarTavs Wirsa Tu lxinSi,
bunebrivi Cans megrulSi naTesavis aRsaniSnavad zemoT
xsenebuli Sesityvebis gamoyeneba.
CilorTiSˆ partia _ Sesityvebis meore wevri nas-
esxebia da mas megrulSi xSirad iyeneben adamianTa ama
Tu im jgufis, TavSeyrili axalgazrdobis da a. S.
aRsaniSnavad. mag. partia-partiaT oxunuandes xalxis
gilengaruas `nawil-nawil (jguf-jgufad) sxamdnen

158
xalxs satiralze~. CilorTiSˆ _ naTesaobiTi brunvis
formaa da Cil-orT-i formaSi TavisTavad gamoiyofa
Cil `col~ Ziri, romelsac erTvis -orT warmomqmneli
afiqsi. Cil-orT-i igive unda iyos, rac col-our-i...
samwuxarod, es uZvelesi leqsema erTaderT respo-
dentTan dafiqsirda martvilis raionSi.
naTesavi-s aRsaniSnad lazurSi gamoiyeneba
Turqulidan nasesxebi dosti / dosTvi...
specialuri literaturidan cnobilia, rom ritu-
alebi warmoadgens imgvar socialur situacias, ro-
melic gviCvenebs monawileTa socialur rols. Sesa-
bamisad, ritualis monawileTa da saganTa saxeldeba
emyareba im warmodgenebs, rac ritualis Rirebulebas
gansazRvravs.
sayuradReboa saqorwilo ritualebis monawileTa
aRmniSvneli leqsika.
nefe-dedoflis aRmniSvneli ZiriTadi erTeulebia
sinja `siZe~ da nosa / nisa `rZali~. patarZlis aRm-
niSvneli leqsemebi: megrulSi _ xaTeci º xaceci,
moWyudu, lazurSi _ aRne nisa, Wita nisa. es ukanask-
neli iseTive Sesityvebaa, rogorc patara-rZali 
patarZali: *Wital nisal  Wita nisa.
megrul-lazuri leqsemebis etimologia gansxvave-
bulia: moWyudu mimReoburi warmoSobisaa da gamoiy-
ofa Wyud fuZe, rasac `gamowyobis~ mniSvneloba aqvs

159
da bgeraTSesatyvisobac dasturdeba: Wy-ud  wy-ob.
xolo masdari Wyuda aRniSnavs `mziTev-~s. SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom moWyudu `gamziTvebeuli~-s semantikas-
Tanaa axlos. galis raionsa da mimdebare soflebSi
(ingiri, zugdidis r-ni) dasturdeba sityva xaTeci,
xaceci, romelic nasesxebia afxazuridan, sadac -xac-
Zirs ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs, erT-erTia `qmari~,
xolo kompozitur formaSi meuRleebs aRniSnavs:
Хацеи-џҳәы еу `nefe-dedofali~ (afxazur-rusuli
leqsikoni, II, 287-289).
rogorc Cans, mamrobiTi sqesis aRmniSvneli
leqsema megrulSi gadaazrianda da patarZlis aRm-
niSvnelad mogvevlina. TavisTavad, motivacia sityve-
bisa: qarT. patarZali, laz. Wita nisa, aRne nisa `ax-
ali rZali~, megr. moWyudu, xaceci gansxvavebulia.
qarTul-lazur leqsemebSi xazgasmulia siaxlis, um-
crosis, pataris Tvisobrioba, xolo megr. moWyudu
win wamowevs nivTier sikeTes, rac Tan axlavs patar-
Zals, esaa _ mziTvi. xaceci leqsemis fonetikuri
variatuloba mianiSnebs, rom es sesxeba megrul-
afxazuri urTierTobis (maT Soris qorwinebis) inten-
siurobis Sedegia.
ganvixiloT sityvebi: megr.: minosinjalafirˆˆ da
genosinjalafirˆ, minorinafili, munosindalafirˆ,
gesinjebuli: laz. sija amayoneri. qarTulSi sityva

160
CasiZebuli gulisxmobs qalis (resp. colis) ojaxSi,
saxlSi mcxovreb kacs (resp. qmars). sainteresoa, rom
am socialur statuss gamoxatavs Ca- zmniswiniani
forma: Ca-a-siZ-eb-s, Ca-i-siZ-eb-s, Ca-u-siZ-eb-s, Ca-e-siZ-eb-
a... rogorc wesi, am zmnur fuZesTan sxva zmniswinebi
arc ixmareba, garda ga- zmniswinisa, isic iSviaTad da
gardaqceviTobis semantikiT: ga-a-siZ-eb-s `siZed
gadaaqcevs~... Ca- zmniswinis semantikuri korelati
zanurSi aris Sa-  Sqa- garTulebuli variantebiT:
miSa-, geSa-... zanur leqsemebSi es zmniswini aRar das-
turdeba, samagierod, gvaqvs: martivi zmniswini ge- rac
gamoxatavs mimarTulebas zemodan qveviT: ge-re `dgas~,
ge-xe `zis~... da mino / muno _ rac gulisxmobs mimar-
Tulebas: aqeT da zemoT: munofurinuns: `zemodan
mofrinavs Cemsken~.
faqtobrivad, orive leqsemaSi gesinjebuli, munos-
injalafiri xazgasmulia ojaxSi axali wevris gaCe-
nis, Semoyvanis veqtori: zemodan qvemoT. qarTulSi win
wamoweulia siZis mdgomareoba, anu myofoba sadRac,
raRacaSi: Ca-siZebuli; xolo zanurSi upiratesia
xazgasma dinamikisa, rom siZe zemodan qvemoT moZ-
raobs. da mainc, orive enaSi igrZnoba siZis aRmate-
buli socialuri statusi.
sainteresoa laz, sija amyoneri, rac sityvasityviT
niSnavs: ayvanili `Semoyvanili~ siZe. amgvar Sesityve-

161
baSi naklebad ikiTxeba socialuri statusi. mxolod
fiqsacia xdeba movlenisa, rom ojaxSi Semoyvanilia
siZe.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tanamedrove qarTul da me-
grul SesityvebaSi uaryofiTi, ironiuli elferi
dahkravs sityvebs: CasiZebuli, minosinjalafirˆ, Cven
migvaCnia, rom istoriulad, piriqiT, siZis, ojaxSi Se-
mosuli mamakacis ufro maRal statusze xdeboda miT-
iTeba qalTan SedarebiT. minorinafili Tavisi
mniSvnelobiT laz. amayoneris tolfardia.
qorwilis naTliebis aRmniSvneli leqsemebia: dade,
mordia, mejvare, almarenji, dade do gage squa, me-
gurgine mordia, xelismomkide, laz. kulanis (noRames)
mayari, dade. megrulsa da lazurs saerTo aqvT sityva
dade (megr. mdade). megrul-lazuri dade igivea, rac
lazuri dadi (arn. Ciqobava, 1938, gv. 29) rogorc Cans,
swored esaa uZvelesi termini zanurSi, xolo me-
grulSi msgavsi mniSvnelobis sinonimTa gaCena mogvi-
ano periodisaa. jer erTi, aSkaraa sesxeba qarTuli-
dan iseTi sityvebisa, rogoricaa: mejvare, xelismom-
kide. rac Seexeba leqsemebs: mordia, megurgine mordia,
zanurSi sxva mniSvnelobac eZebneba. mordia zogadad
aRniSnavs naTlias, Tumca sityvis etimologia
monaTvlas ki ar aRniSnavs, aramed gazrdaze mi-
uTiTebs. rd: rd-u-ala `gazrda~, mo-rd-il-i `gaz-

162
rdili~, mo-rd-u `gamzrdeli~, ma-rd-u `mzardi~... me-
grulSi arc Tu iSviaTad gamoiyeneba leqsemebi: mana-
Tali, naTilia `naTlia~, Tumca upiratesad mordia
dasturdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamzrdelisa da naT-
liis mniSvnelobaTa diferenciacia moxda morfolo-
giuri Kalibebis mixedviT: mo_u `mordu~  mo_ia
`mordia~.
TavisTavad, formaTa semantika miuTiTebs sociumis
damokidebulebaze ori movlenis mimarT: aRzrda da
monaTvla. orive SemTxvevaSi mTavaria adamianis
Camoyalibeba qristianuli zneobis matareblad. mordu
upiratesad pasuxismgebelia aRsazrdelis fizikur
srulyofilebaze, xolo mordia _ sulier srulyo-
filebaze. morduobis anu ZiZiSvilobis Zlieri so-
cialuri instituti, romelic SesaZloa warmarTul
xanaSi Seiqmna, qristianobis Semdgom epoqaSi modifi-
cirda imdenad, ramdenadac mordu erTdroulad
SeiZleba naTliac yofiliyo. ZiZiSvilobis aRmniSvnel
terminologiaSi ukve igrZnoba mniSvnelobaTa aRreva:
ZiZiSvilis aRsaniSnavad arc Tu iSviaTad iyeneben
mordu-s, naklebad sityvas mordili. es ukanaskneli
ufro mTaSia SemorCenili, xolo barSi ZiZeSisqua da
qarTuli ZuZumte gamoiyeneba. samagierod, lazurSi
stabilurad ixmareba termini buZiCame{r}i, rac sity-
vasityviT niSnavs `ZuZuTi nakvebi~. mordiaa qorwilis

163
mejvarec, radganac is naTlavs kidec jvrisweris Sem-
deg dabadebul Cvils. Tumca enobrivad mainc xdeba
saWiro zogadad mordia-sa da qorwilis mordias gar-
Ceva, amitomac Cndeba Sesityveba: megurgine mordia
`gvirgvinis naTlia~.
Zalian sainteresoa Sesityveba dade do gage squa,
romelic Cxorowyus r-Si (mTian samegreloSi)
dafiqsirda. dade iTqmis qalze, xolo gage _
mamakacze. gage-s etimologia naTeli araa, Tumca,
SesaZloa, is ukavSirdebodes gerge / gege / jerge
formebs, romlebic wminda giorgis megruli saxelde-
baa.
mayrionis aRsaniSnad megrul-lazurSi ixmareba ma-
yari / mayare, Tumca megrulSi SeiZleba am mniSvnelo-
biT Segvxvdes sityvebi ma‡venjefi `Tanmxlebi~ Sdr.
almarenji `gverdiT mdgomi~ mejvaris mniSvnelobiT,
aseve: moWyudiSianefi `patarZlisianebi~, sindaSianefi
`siZis (nefis) ianebi~.
qorwilis ritualis sakuTriv zanuri leqsikidan
yuradsaRebi gvgonia mordia, {m}dade do gage squa.
erTi mxriv, sainteresoa semantikuri veli: mordia _
mejvare, gamzrdeli, ZiZa; {m}dade _ qali mejvare,
deida, mamida, bicola. sociumi erTian RirebulebiT
sistemaSi aqcevs mejvares, gamzrdels, ZiZas, deidas,
mamidas, bicolas, sakvanZo mniSvnelobaa _ mejvare.

164
 meore mxriv, enobrvi diferenciacia sqesis mixed-
viT garCevasac emyareba: mordia qalic aris da kacic,
xolo dade mxolod qalia, kaci ki _ gage squa, an ma-
yare.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, gaTxovili qalis ded-
mamiseuli ojaxis aRsaniSnad gamoyenebuli leqsika
sakmaod Wrelia. esenia: megrulSi _ dosti, moyvare,
mosamarTe, osurSianefi, gumoWyuduri, CilorTi,
na‡arTi, deduleTi, jinji ‡ude; lazurSi _ Ronikoni,
nisaS oxori. rogorc vxedavT, gamoiyofa qarTulidan
Semosuli leqsika: moyvare, mosamarTe, deduleTi,
aseve Turq. dosti. sakuTriv zanuria osuriSiani, gu-
moWyuduri, CilorTi, na‡arTi, jinji ‡ude, nisaS
oxori... amaTgan sayuradReboa na‡arTi, romelic
mxolod Cxorowyus r-Si Segvxvda. mogvagonebs sityvas
gˆmˆnarTˆ, rac `gamoyofils~ niSnavs. anu na‡arTi
SeiZleba iyos is, visac gamoeyvnen. meore mxriv, arse-
bobs termini gamnaryi, romelic gayofasTanaa da-
kavSirebuli, amjerad, STamomavlobis mniSvnelobiT.
e. i. na‡arTi _ ojaxi, saidanac wavida (gaTxovda)
qali, gamnaryi _ amave ojaxis STamomavloba. am
mniSvnelobiT ixmareba sityvebi: jiSi, jilagi, gvariS
gˆmagrZelebeli, arTi Turefi. bunebrivia, KuradGebas
iqcevs Turefi sityva, romelic TiTqmis daviwyebas
mieca da gvaris, gvaris kuTvnils aRniSnavs. es

165
ukanaskneli termini ucxoa lazurisTvis, sadac am
mniSvnelobiT ixmareba: nombriale, sulae (Turq.).
didi ojaxis gayofa cal-calke ojaxebad me-
grulSi aRiniSneba sityviT gumorTuala, giSnarTˆ...
rT- zanuri fuZe polisemiuria da erT-erTi
mniSvnelobaa gayofa: rT-un-s `yofs~, magram gˆn-o-rT-
un-s `gadaxuravs~, di-rT-u(n) `dabrunda~... imave fuZe
Cans laz. okorTu formaSi, rac aseve gayofis
mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. Tumca sxva leqsemebic
gvxvdeba imave mniSvnelobiT: oxoriSen gamaxTimu
`saxlidan gamosvla~, xans oyofimu `calke yofna~,
airi doxuneri.
sociumis Seswavlis erT-erTi kriteriumia asako-
brivi cenzi. zogadi opozicia ufrosi ~ umcrosi
iSleba paradigmebad. umcrosis paradigma war-
modgenilia asakis yvela safexuriT Cvilidan axal-
gazrdamde.
ojaxis umcrosi wevrebis _ bavSvebis _ aRm-
niSvneli leqsika yuradRebas iqcevs ufrosis da um-
crosis mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, ras
eZaxian imas, vinc xasiaTiT zedmiwevniT hgavs dedas,
mamas? _ rogorc irkveva, lazurSi es gamoixateba
sintagmiT: `baba-nana gamaWkanderi / nana-babaS ga-
maWkanderi / baba gamaWkanderi~. sityvasityviT es
SeiZleba iTargmnos, rogorc `dedis-mamis gamoW-

166
edili~, Tumca SinaarsiT utoldeba qarTul ga-
monaTqvams `zedgamoWrili dedaa... / mamaaa...~ yovel
SemTxvevaSi, gamonaTqvami lazurSi metaforulia. rac
Seexeba megruls, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, mraval-
ferovnebaa: Surekoxoxili, alakvala, didajgua, muma-
jgua, didasgˆ, mumasgˆ, arTo dida / muma...
alikvali qarTulidan Cans Semosuli, xolo Sure-
koxoxili sainteresoa Tavisi metaforulobiT. esaa
kompoziti, romlis pirveli nawili Sur- `suli~
fuZea, xolo meore nawili _ ekoxoxili _ mimReoba,
romlis zusti Targmna Znelia: eko-xox-il-i _ for-
maSi xox- fuZe mniSvnelobiT igivea, rac xox-iali,
CoC-iali... Surekoxoxili SeiZleba aixsnas, rogorc
TiTqos dedis / mamis suli gadasula SvilSi... am
mxriv, gvaxsendeba qarTulis dialeqtebSi gavrcele-
buli gamonaTqvami: gamoxoxebuli dedamisiao. megruli
leqsema xazgasmiT mianiSnebs, rom SvilSi mSoblis
sulma gadainacvla.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Svilisa da mSoblis msgavse-
bis aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebuli leqsemebi mianiSneben
ara marto fizikur msgavsebaze, aramed xasiaTis
msgavsebazec.
bavSvis aRmniSvneli leqsemebia: megrulSi baRana,
lazurSi bere. ToTo, Cvili bavSvis aRsaniSnavad me-
grulsa da lazurSi gamoiyeneba CqˆCqˆ // CqiCqu, rac

167
qarT. Cvilis Sesatyvisia. rogorc mosalodneli iyo,
megrulSi amave mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba lili CqˆCqˆ;
saerTod, megrulSi lilˆ sinorCis aRmniSvnelia da
xSirad gvxvdeba sxva sagnebTan mimarTebiT, lilˆ
simindˆ _ aqedan lila `samWade fqvili~.
vaJiSvilisa da qaliSvilis aRmniSvneli leqsemebia:
megrulSi qomolsqua, osursqua, xolo lazurSi, biWi
/ sqiri / biWi bere, kulani / kulani bere / bozo.
cxadia, rom lazurSi qaliSvilis aRsaniSnavad
Turqulidan nasesxebi leqsika ixmareba. Tumca vaJiS-
vilis aRsaniSnavad sakuTriv lazuri sityvebia Senar-
Cunebuli. bunebrivia, daismis kiTxva: amgvari sxvaoba
xom ar aris socialuri faqtoris zewolis Sedegi.
rogorc masalidan Cans, saxeldebiTi leqsikisgan
gansxvavebiT, mimarTebiTi leqsika ufro mravalfero-
vania. Tundac mravalSvilian, wvrilSvilian ojaxSi
bavSvebis aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebuli sityvebi aviRoT:
megr.: ge‡venjefi, geWiSe baRanefˆ, WiWelefi,
geunelˆ omordualefi... baRaWuWiefi... laz.: meyoneri
berefe, Wife beroni... meyona...
sityva omordualefi `aRsazrdelebi~ iSviaTad ix-
mareba. sainteresoa sityva baRaWuWiefi, romelic
SesaZloa kompozituri warmoSobisa iyos: baRana + Wi-
Wefi `bavSvi _ patarebi~, Sdr. WiWelefi. megruli:
ge‡venje, geWiSe, ge‡uneli da lazuri: meyoneri, meyona

168
saerTo semantikur velSi erTiandeba mniSvnelobiT:
`erTmaneTis momdevno, miyolebuli~.
rogoria nabolara da erTaderTi Svilis aRm-
niSvneli leqsika, ramdenadaa socialurad motivire-
buli saxeldeba?
nabolara megrulSi aRiniSneba ZiriTadad
leqsemiT nakidira // nakidura, magram Segvxvdeba Sem-
degi Sesityvebebic: orCineliSˆ squa `siberis Svili~,
arZaS ukulaSˆ, bolosqua.
nakidira etimologiurad SesaZloa ukavSirdebodes
kide fuZes. vfiqrobT, amiT xazgasmulia dedis
cxovrebaSi Cveulebrivi movlenis bologzisoba. aseve,
Sesityveba `orCineliSˆ squa~ mianiSnebs imaze, rom
Svili im zRvarzea gaCenili, romlis mere iwyeba
cxovrebis gzis meore naxevari. Tumca socialuri mo-
tivacia moulodneli saxiT warmoCnda nabolara
Svilis aRmniSvnel sintagmaSi, romelic erTaderT
respodentTan dafiqsirda: `‡vajiSi oxvameri~ _ pir-
dapiri Targmani iqneba: `mamakacis asos salocavi~.
amgvar saxeldebaSi xazgasmulia ojaxis mamis
siZliere, upiratesoba. `orCineliSˆ squa~-c SefarviT,
evfemisturad mianiSnebs mamris Zlierebaze. nabolara
Svili, romelic SesaZloa marTlac asakSi myof
mSoblebs gauCndeT, gansakuTrebulia, salocavia, mam-
ruli sawyisis simboloa.

169
 lazuri am mxriv ufro mokrZalebuli Cans. nabo-
lara aRiniSneba SesityvebiT gamafaTxeri bere, rac
sityvasityviT niSnavs `raRacidan gamosuli bavSvi~.
bunebrivia, bavSvis gaCena niSnavs mis gamosvlas dedis
saSodan. amjerad swored am movlenis bologzisobaa
xazgasmuli nabolaris saxeldebisas.
cxadia, bolo Svilis gaCena ojaxis, rogorc so-
ciumis ujredis saboloo saxiT Camoyalibebas niS-
navs. amdenad, bolo Svilis aRmniSvnel leqsemaTa so-
cialuroba bunebrivia. aseve logikuria erTaderTi
Svilis aRmniSvnel sityvaTa socialuri Sepirobebu-
loba. esenia: megr.: didaSarTi, akasqua, arTˆ kakalˆ
squa, xvalaxesqua, laz.: nanaSarTi, nana-babaS arTei,
nana-baS arTeRi.
Cveulebriv, lazurSi erTgvaria leqsemebi da is
Seesabameba qarTul dediserTa sityvas, Sdr. nana-
SarTei  nanaS + arTi. Tumca xSirad fiqsirdeba
orive mSobeli: nana-babaS arTei `dedmamis erTa~. me-
grulSi erTaderToba gamoxatulia Semdegi sityvebiT:
arTi `erTi~, arTˆ kakali `erTi kakali~, aka `er-
TaderTi~, xvalaxe `martodmarto~. mimarTebis Tval-
sazrisiT, mTqmeli maT ukavSirebs dedas: didaS arTi,
didaS akasqva, didaS arTˆ kakali squa. erTaderTi
xvalaxesqua ar moiTxovs amgvar kavSirs.

170
 rogorc svanuri aCvenebs, eSxu gezal, eSxu bofS _
neitralizebulia dedis upiratesoba. Tumca megruli
da qarTuli, nawilobriv lazuric _ erTaderT Svils
dedasTan mimarTebaSi gamoxataven.
Cveni STabeWdilebiT, megrulSi nabolara Svilis
aRmniSvneli leqsika mamis upiratesobas aCvenebs,
xolo erTaderTi Svilis aRmniSvneli leqsika _
dedis mniSvnelobas warmoaCens.
ojaxis wevrTa funqciuri saxeldebis Tvalsaz-
risiT sainteresoa ojaxis marCenalis aRmniSvneli
leqsika. megrulSi gamoiyeneba sityvebi: marCenalˆ,
ojaxiS emajumalari, madiarafali. amaTgan marCenali
qarTuli nasesxobaa da ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia
zugdidur-samurzayanul baris metyvelebaSi. emajuma-
lari `marCenali~ da madiarafali `vinc saWmels gaW-
mevs~, Sdr. diarua `Wama~, diara `molxena~... leqsemebi
ufro SemorCenilia mTian samegrelosa da martvilur
metyvelebaSi. lazuri oxorWkua kompoziti Cans: oxor
_ Wkumua, rac niSnavs `saxlis, ojaxis marCenals, ga-
momkvebels~. aRsaniSnavia, rom megr. madiarafali da
laz. oxorWkua Wamis semantikur velSi erTiandebian.
megr. emajumalari polisemiuria: jum _ fuZe raRacis
Tan gatanebas, waRebas gamoxatavs. qimi-jum-u oWkumalˆ
`Tan moitana~, `xels gamoayola~ saWmeli~. emajumalar
aris `ojaxis marCenali, gamtani~.

171
 sayuradReboa gogos, qaliSvilis aRmniSvneli
leqsikis paradigma. aRmoCnda, rom zogadad nebismier
asakSi qaliSvili moixsenieba sityviT ZRabi megrulSi,
kulani lazurSi. 14 wlamde asakis qaliSvili
lazurSi SeiZleba aRiniSnos SesityvebiT Wita ku-
lani, xolo 14 wlis zemoT, SeiZleba aRiniSnos sity-
vebiT: bozo, qali. megrulSi mowiful qaliSvilze
ityvian: cira, cirasqua, gasaTxualˆ cira, maZRabia...
sainteresoa, rom Tamam qaliSvils megrulSi mxolod
ZRabi sityviT aRniSnaven, mTian samegreloSi knono-
biTi forma ZRa dafiqsirda amave mniSvnelobiT. xolo
lazurSi gansxvavebuli intonaciiT warmoTqvamen
sityvas kulani.
umcrosi asakis bavSvebis aRmniSvneli leqsikaa:
megruli _ maboSia `patara biyi~, maciria, maZRabia
`patara gogo~, moCitoliri Sdr. qarT. wamoCitda,
mordili `mozrdili~ lazuri: mardafu bere `moz-
rdili bavSvi~, mordeli, delikani. es ukanaskneli
Turqulidanaa nasesxebi. megrulsa da lazurs saerTo
aqvT rd- `zrda~ fuZidan nawarmoebi leqsemebi: mar-
dafu, mordili... SesaZloa moCitoliri qarTulidan
iyos Semosuli. formawarmoebis TvalsazrisiT
sainteresoa formebi: ma-boS-ia, ma-ZRab-ia, ma-cir-ia...
esaa odnaobiTi xarisxis ma- prefiqsisa da kninobiTis
-ia sufiqsis kombinaciiT warmoqmnili sityvebi, rom-

172
lebic zustad asaxaven asakis gradacias bavSvobasa
da qaliSvilobas / vaJiSvilobas Soris.
e. w. `Tineijeris~ anu ymawvilis aRsaniSnavad me-
grulSi qarTulidan nasesxebi axalgazrda gamoi-
yeneba. Tumca mTian regionSi umetesad Sekvecili
forma axali gamoiyeneba, variantebiT: axal rdili,
axalefi. aRsaniSnavia, rom lazurSic Turqulidan
nasesxebi eniTme forma gamoiyeneba. Sesabamisad, ab-
sqtraqtuli cneba am asakis aRsaniSnavad imave fuZeebs
emyareba: megr. axalgazrdoba, axaloba, laz. eniTmoba.
rogorc Cans, nasesxebma leqsikam megrul-lazurSi
mTlianad Caanacvla sakuTari leqsemebi, romlebic
mxolod TiTo-TiTo respodentTan dafiqsirda. esaa:
megr. boSkoCi `biWikaci~ da laz. mardali. Sdr. mr.
formebi: boSkaTa da mardalefe.
sacole axalgazrdisa da colis SerTvis aRm-
niSvneli leqsika gviCvenebs, rom lazurSi ufro
Zveli formebia SemorCenili, vidre megrulSi.
lazurSi gvaqvs: oCilu `colis SerTva~, masdaruli
warmoebis formaa: o-Cil-u Sdr. o-xon-u `xvna~.
oCiluSi `sacole~ masdaris naT. br.-is formaa gamo-
yenebuli. megrulSi -Cil- fuZe ar Cans da mas Canacv-
lebia osuri: osuriS mo‡unala `colis moyvana~, sao-
sure boSi / koCi `sacole biWi, kaci~. mTian samegre-
loSi dadasturda forma daCileba `colis SerTvis~

173
mniSvnelobiT. anu masdaris zanuri modeli o-Cil-u
Secvlilia qarTuli modeliT: da-Cil-eb-a.
unda iTqvas, rom Cil fuZe megrulma myarad Se-
moinaxa kompozitSi Cildosqua `colSvili~, xolo
lazurSi _ piriqiT: oxorja-bere, bere-oxorja, bere-
ba. oxorja diasaxliss, rZals aRniSnavs lazurSi,
xolo bere _ bavSvs. anu lazurSi mosalodnel Cil-
dosqiri-s nacvlad sxva leqsemebs daekisra am
mniSvnelobis gamoxatva.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megruli da lazuri leqse-
mebi avseben erTmaneTis e. w. cariel ubnebs: erTi
mxriv, lazurSi dadasturebuli oCilu, oCiluSi
formebi, xolo, meore mxriv, megruli Cildosqua,
CilorTi miuTiTebs Cil fuZis pirvandelobaze ara
marto zanuri, aramed qarTul-zanuri erTianobis
drosac: zan. Cil-  qarT. col-.
cnobilia, rom evfemisturi leqsika uxvad gamoi-
yeneba orsuli qalisa da masTan dakavSirebuli mov-
lenebis aRsaniSnavad. megrulSi orsuli qali gamoix-
ateba sityviT: mo{n}ka `mZime~, monkaT re `fexmZimedaa~.
monka gvxvdeba lazurSic, Tumca metad gamoiyeneba
qorboni, qorbadoni, qorbasren, enyoni. qorba
lazurSi `mucels~ aRniSnavs, anu qorboni igivea, rac
`mucliT myofi~, igive qorbas ren. enyoni Turquli
nasesxoba Cans.

174
 maSasadame, orsuli qalis saxeldebisas ori mo-
mentia gaTvaliswinebuli: simZime da muclad yofna. ar
Cans is aqcenti, rac qarT. sityvaSi orsuli ikiTxeba.
mecxre TveSi myof orsulze ityvian: TuTas enore /
dinore, xolo lazurSi dafiqsirda sityva xaziri,
rac aSkarad Turqulidana Semotanili mzaobis
mniSvnelobiT, xolo sakuTriv lazuri Cans Sesity-
veba: `moCiTinuSi ren~
Tu mSobiarobamde ramdenime dRea darCenili,
lazebi ityvian: ndRaSi jin ren `dReze metia~, xolo
megrelebi ase gamoTqvamen: masqiladi `vinc morCeba~,
Sdr. sqilad-a `morCena~... mSobiarobis aRmniSvnelia
laz. dobadu, dobadu bere, oyofomu da megr.: xala,
sqilada. lazurSi bad- fuZea gamoyenebuli, Sdr. o-da-
bad-e `samSoblo, sadac daibade~, xolo megrulSi nax-
maria xala da sqilada. sqilada saerTodac
polisemiuria da, mSobiarobis garda, is aRniSnavs
`morCenas avadmyofobisagan~, aseve `sadRac darCenas~
xala-Si gamoiyofa x- Ziri: ge-x-u `gaaCina~ (xom araa
kavSirSi qarT. xu-eb-a?).
axalSobili bavSvi, tradiciisamebr, akvanSi iz-
rdeboda. cnobilia, rom akvani nasesxobaa ara marto
qarTulSi, aramed megrulSic: arkvani. gamonaklisia
lazuri, sadac am mniSvnelobiT ixmareba sityva on-
weli, rac megrulSic dasturdeba da `sarwevelas~

175
aRniSnavs. o-n-w-el-i Sdr. qarT. rw-ev fuZe. erT-erT
megrel respodentTan dafiqsirda sityva onwe.
saintereso faqtia, rom lazurma Semoinaxa swored is
leqsema, romelic saerTo moxmarebis iqneboda qar-
Tul-zanur arealSi, magram monRolTa Semosevis Sem-
deg akvan- sityvam gamoaZeva. ufro metic, akvnis leib-
sabansa da mTel morTulobaze megrulSi ityvian: ark-
vaniS monwyiloba / mosanwuve / ganwyuli `akvnis
mowyobiloba~, xolo lazurSi: onweliSi mowofxu.
aRsaniSnavia Cvili bavSvis ori mTavari moZraobis:
xmis gaRebisa da gadaagilebis pirveli mcdelobis
gamomxatveli sityvebi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi ityvian:
bavSvi laz.: yurtulans, putulafs, GuRulafs, aRu-s
iZaxˆ, megr.: RurRinuns, Ruminuns, burdRinuns.
svanurSi aRu formiT gadmoicema. realurad samsave
qarTvelur enaSi saerTo xmabaZviTi leqsemebiT (misi
variantebiT) gadmoicema bavSvis RuRuni. rac Seexeba
bavSvis oTxiT foTxvas, lazurSi es gamoixateba
leqsemiT: oxoxu, xolo megrulSi CoCua, Tumca
xoxuac SeiZleba Segvxvdes. sainteresoa, rom svanuri
mxars uWers megruls: liCoCˆl, Tumca gvxvdeba libo-
bRal, iTˆriel leqsemebic. qarTulSic ixmareba
leqsemebi: daxoxavs, daCoCavs, dafoTxavs, dabobRavs
da a. S.

176
 sainteresoa, rom ufrosis daxmarebiT bavSvis sia-
ruls megrulsa da lazurSi xSirad gamoxataven
sityviT: tata, atataT gilurs, svanurSic litote,
lidˆtal imave tat ZirTan Cans dakavSirebuli. Tavis
mxriv, qarTulSi arsebuli taati  tat-tati mxars
uyers imas, rom es fuZe nasesxebia sparsulidan qar-
TulSi da aqedan Cans danarCen qarTvelur enebSi
gavrcelebuli. lazurSi gamoiyeneba Sesityveba:
xegeklimeri goyonu `xelCakidebuli siaruli~.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Cvil bavSvTan dakavSirebuli
leqsika TiTqmis identuria qarTvelur enebSi. Cvilis
zrdis procesis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa
megr. Sesityveba `maWirxoljgua baRana~ `mercxaliviT
bavSvi~, igive mercxala. aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesadare-
blad moyvanilia frinveli da, rac mTavaria, me-
grulsa da qarTulSic es erTi da igivea: mercxali.
amiTac kargad Cans erTiani eTnofsiqologia.
megrulSi xmabaZviTi sityvawarmoebis farTo
aspeqti gamoCnda putkuna Cvilis epiTetebis saxiT.
esenia: feSkveria, Svepere, Cvapuria, kvaburia, Rveteria,
bombora, beTveria, gopitkinafili, mekvaliteli,
beSqvere, beTqeria, bexvere, bunCuria, biskvali, pisk-
vali, buxulia, skvinCali, beskveria, Gvitali,
biTqvali, biTvali...

177
 lazuri am mxriv mwiria: babucola, bunTula.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom leqsikuri mravalferovneba si-
nonimur rigTa xarjze lazurisTvis araa damax-
asiaTebeli, Tumca, sakuTriv zanuri leqsika TiTqmis
mTlianadaa SenarCunebuli swored naTesaobasa Tu
adamianTan dakavSirebul sferoSi.

9. 2. adamianis moTxovnilebaTa aRmniSvneli

leqsika

rogorc cnobilia, adamianis fiziologiuri

moTxovnilebebis aRmniSvneli leqsika eqvemdebareba
evfemizacias. rac ufro didi kulturisa da samwigno-
bro tradiciebis mqonea ena, evfemizacia ufro
Zlieria. cocxal metyvelebaSic bunebrivia tabusa da
evfemizmebis gamoyeneba. sociumis maRali ganviTarebis

178
erT-erTi maxasiaTebeli piradi moTxovnilebisa da
Tvisebebis aRmniSvnel sityvaTa `gakeTilSobilebaa~.
qarTul enaSi Sardi, Sardva leqsemebi Sefasebu-
lia, rogorc erTgvari terminologia, romelsac
bunebrivad xmaroben Sesabamisi fiziologiuri
moTxovnilebis aRsaniSnavad. Tumca, enaSi amave
mniSvnelobisaa fsel-i sityva, romelsac vxvdebiT
zanurSic: megr. fsˆma, laz. o-fsim-u. rogorc mosa-
lodneli iyo, megrul-lazuric mimarTavs evfemi-
zacias. megruli iyenebs Sard-i leqsemas: SardaSa
meurs `mosaSardad midis~, lazurSi ki saintereso Se-
sityveba gamoiyeneba: wkariT gamaxTimu `wylad wavida~,
wkari dobu `wyali daasxa~. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
lazurSi gadataniTi mniSvneloba Caido sruliad
umtkivneulo Sinaarsis winadadebaSi.
sapirfareSos, fexisalagis aRmniSvneli leqsika
ZiriTadad nasesxebia: lazurSi ixmareba CeCme (Turq.),
xolo megrulSi: CeCmani, oCeCmane, ubornia (rus.), tu-
aleti, agreTve kuCxiS adgilˆ, rac qarT. fexisalagis
kalkia.

179
9. 3. frazeologizmebi

adamianis warmodgenebi samyaroze, sazogadoebaze,

adamianis RmerTTan mimarTebaze, mokled rom vTqvaT,
adamianis kulturuli faseulobebi akumulirdeba
enaSi frazebis, metaforuli gamonaTqvamebis saxiT.
adamianis buneba da damokidebuleba garesamyarosTan
Cans ficis, dalocvis, wyevlis, ginebis formulebSi.

180
aseve im frazebSic, romlebsac erTgvari magiuri dat-
virTva aqvs borotebisagan Tavdasacavad.
sityvis masala, romliTac iwyeben usiamovno ambavs,
aqaoda msgavsi SemTxveva Cven gvaSoroso, megrulSi
mravalferovania. aseTi frazebia: RoronTq damfaras
`RmerTma damifaros~, wyar malus `(sityvasityviT)
gamdinare wyals [gahyolia]~ RoronTq maSoran
`RmerTma gvaSoros~, oSˆ gvalaSˆ iSo `asi mTis iqiT~,
jaqua do borias `(sityvasityviT) xe-qvasa da qars [ga-
hyolia]~, Taqˆ irfeli jgirobua `aq yovelgvari
sikeTe~ Sdr. qarT. aqa mSvidoba, Sors TaureSe `aqedan
Sors~.
aRniSnuli masalidan RoronTq damfaras da Ro-
ronTq maSoran saerToqarTveluri msoflxedvis maCve-
nebelia, xolo danarCeni sakuTriv megrul niadagzea
aRmocenebuli. safiqrebelia, rom am megrul masalaSi
warmarTobis droindeli elementebi igrZnoba. ma-
galiTad, wyar malus semantika gvagonebs saqarT-
veloSi gavrcelebul crurwmenas: cudi sizmari unda
mouyve da gaayolo gamdinare wyals. aseve sainteresoa
gamonaTqvami jaqua do borias, romelSic aseve
igulisxmeba: cudi ambavi Tan waeRos delgmas, qar-
borias anu wyali, qva, Zeli, qariSxali aris is ele-
mentebi, romlebsac miewereboda boroti Zalebi (Tu
boroti Zalebis daTrgunvis unari?).

181
 megr. Sors TaureSe .`Sors aqedan~ frazis kon-
teqstsTan axlos dgas laz. frazebi: Cqinden mendra
`Cvengan wasula~, mezimaSen mendra; xolo Trangiq muy-
vas / moyvas~ `RmerTma nu qnas~ imave rigisaa, rogorc
RmerTma damifaros gamonaTqvami.
cxadia, rom yvela gamonaTqvami adasturebs ada-
mianis mimarTebas zeadamianur ZalebTan. borotisgan,
cudi ambisgan damfarav Zalad an warmarTuli kerpe-
bia warmodgenili, an qristianuli RmerTi. religiuri
motivacia gansazRvravs am frazaTa socialurobas.
ficis formulebi, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, mar-
tivia da dedis an Svilis daficebas gulisxmobs:
megr. didaq vadomRur `deda ar momikvdes~, didas gi-
fuCua `dedas geficebi~, squaq vadomRur `Svili ar
momikvdes~, didaS Sur qopwansda `dedis suls ge-
ficebi (Tu mwams)~, dida qomi‡orsda `(sityvasityviT)
Tu deda miyvardes~... didaS Surme `dedis sulisa~. iS-
viaTad ficis formulebSi gamoyenebulia sityvebi:
Rurelef `micvalebulebi~, Suri `suli~, jimaloba
`Zmoba~...
Cqim Rurelef qopwansda `Cemi micvalebulebi Tu
mwams~, jimalobas gifuCua `Zmobas geficebi~,
TiSˆSurs ifufCuanq `mis suls vificeb~...
frazebi adastureben, rom daficebis sagani Ziri-
Tadad sisxlismieri naTesavebia: deda, Svili, ojaxis

182
gardacvlili wevrebi, an, Sesabamisad, maTi sulebi.
megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, lazurSi ver davafiqsireT
msgavsi gamonaTqvamebi, Tumca savaraudoa maTi arse-
boba _ amas meti masalis mogroveba da ufro farTo
teritoriaze Seswavla syirdeba.
dalocvis formulebi SeiZleba or jgufad daiyos:
erTi mxriv, RmerTis aRmniSvneli frazebi, meore
mxriv, sxva movlenebis aRmniSvneli frazebi. pirvel
jgufSi erTiandeba Semdegi gamonaTqvamebi: RoronTq
dorxvamas `RmerTma daglocos~, RoronTq goimorZg-
vas `RmerTma gagimarjos~; laz. Trangiq gekixvams
`RmerTma daglocos~.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa Semdegi fraza:
`Tqvan ojaxis gotibafudas RoronTi do mardiani~
sityvasityviT: `Tqvens ojaxs gaTbobodes RvTis mad-
liT~. aRsaniSnavia, rom RvTis madli dakavSirebulia
siTbosTan, keriasTan. dalocvilia ojaxi, sadac keria
anTia, radgan iq sicocxlea _ cxovrebis gagrZelebis
simboloa. aqve unda iTqvas, rom amave respodentisga-
naa Cawerili Semdegi dalocva: koCiSe do orinjˆSe
aSenebeda sityvasityviT: `kaciTa da saqonliT aSe-
nebuliKavi (gamravlebuliyavi)~. am gamonaTqvamSic
gamWvirvale konteqstia: cxovreba grZeldeba iq, sadac
adamiani mravldeba, sadac xbo bRavis da furi iw-
veleba.

183
 SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli jgufis dalocvebSi
religiuri konteqstia, xolo meore jgufisaSi _ mi-
wieri yofis, sicocxlis niSan-svetebis xazgasma xdeba.
siTbo, keria, adamiani, Sinauri cxoveli... ai, raa au-
cielebeli ojaxis arsebobisTvis, cxovrebis gagrZe-
lebisTvis.
saalerso mimarTvis formulebi qarTvelur enebSi
erTian semantikur vels qmnian. qarT. genacvale, Se-
mogevle gulisxmobs Canacvlebas, anu mimarTvis
obieqtisTvis gamiznuli cudi, ukeTuri, boroti Zala
Semobrundes subieqtisken, anu imisken, vinc mimarTavs
obieqts. amave konteqstisaa megr. golvafiro `Se-
mogevle~, qugˆgale `genacvale~, laz. gogixTa `Se-
mogevle~, gogayra.
sainteresoa gamonaTqvami `sqan sanTelo~, sityva-
sityviT `Sens sanTlad [daviwva]~, anu sanTeliviT
daviwva SenTvis. aq bunebrivia gvaxsendeba erTi me-
gruli leqsi:
maxa, ma sqanoT kiribi vorda, `maxare, me
SenTvis Tikani viyo,
sqani dudiSi galufafari, SenTvis Semosawiri
`Seni Tavis Semosavlebi~,
maxa, ma sqanoT sanTeli vorda, maxare, me SenTvis
sanTeli viyo,

184
 xatiS woxole ondRulafari. xatis win as-
anTebi `dasadnobi~.
Tavis Semovlebis, Sewirvis niSnad Cndeba xati an-
Tebuli sanTlisa.
sainteresod gveCveneba am xalxuri leqsis da-
kavSireba akaki wereTlis leqsTan `xatis win~:
`Cemi xatia samSoblo,
saxate _ mTeli qveyana,
da rom viwvode, vdnebode,
ar SemiZlia me gana?!~
agreTve akakisve leqsze Seqmnili melodia:
`sanTeliviT davdnebi~...
Znelia imis Tqma, akaki icnobda am megrul leqss,
Tu mogviano xanaSi Seiqmna es ukanaskneli, magram
erTi ram cxadia: qarTvelur msoflxedvis sistemaSi
Tanaarseboben mxatvruli saxeebi, romlebic leqsebsa
Tu sxvadasxva frazeologizmebSi iCenen Tavs.
lazuri Suri mSine `sulis xsenebav~ mogvagonebs
megr. Surige-s da qarT. suliko-s; am SemTxvevaSic er-
Tian enobriv xatwerasTan gvaqvs saqme.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saalerso mimarTvis formebSi
naTlad ikiTxeba siKvarulis, Tavganwirvis, Tavdade-
bis semantika, rac mianiSnebs sociumis, sazogadoebis
Girebulebebze.

185
 rogorc cnobilia, dalocvis formulebis
sapirispiro semantika devs wyevlis formulebSi. Cven
ukve aRvniSneT, rom gamonaTqvamebis erTi wyeba re-
ligiuri konteqstis mqonea, xolo meore _ sicocxlis
niSan-svetebTanaa dakavSirebuli. rogorc mosalod-
neli iyo, wyevlis formulebic amave rigis jgufebad
iyofa. erTi mxriv, gvaqvs frazebi, romlebSic aqcenti
keTdeba RvTis risxvaze: RoronTq dorWyuas `RmerTma
dagwKevlos~, RoronTs douWyudas skan dudˆ `RmerTs
daewyevlos Seni Tavi~, RoronTq vagaxaras `RmerTma
ar gaaxaros~. lazurSi am rigisaa gamonaTqvami
`Trangiq mugorelas~. meore mxriv, uxvadaa war-
modgenili masala, romlis Tanaxmad wyevlis sagani
aris yvelaferi, rac sicocxles ukavSirdeba: ada-
mianis sxeulis nawiliT dawyebuli, sikvdilis aRm-
niSvneli leqsikiT damTavrebuli _ kiserq gamkakvar-
Cxu `kiseri mostexia~, kisermukotaxili `kisermotex-
ili~, ToliS sinTe gesvitili `Tvalis Cini Caqro-
bili~... eSevedgineli `fexze [zeviT] nu amdgara~.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa Semdegi frazebi:
vadoirindas `ar damdgariKavi~, gozikinafili daax.
`gawyvetili~, Wumaneri dRa vagoTanafili `xvalin-
deli dRe ar gaTenebuli~, aS vamoirTumudas `aqeT ar
mobrunebuliKavi~, sqanˆ Rura `Seni sikvdili~, skan
WiTa `Seni wiTeli~... es ukanaskneli TiTqos moulod-

186
nelia, ufro skan uCa mukuqunudas `Seni Savebi
Caecvas~ _ frazaSi arsebuli feris aRmniSvneli
sityva iyo bunebrivi: skan uCa... rogorc Cans, WiTa
`wiTeli~ feri SeiZleba wiTel paraskevTan asocire-
bis Sedegad gaCnda, rogorc sikvdilis aRmniSvneli.
gvxvdeba aseTi wyevlis formulebic: CxviCxvi do
bolo elafiri `fesvi da Ziri amovardnili~... dixaSa
giludas `miwaSi wasulxar~, skan kubo domWkaddas
`Seni kubo dameyedos~, dixaminacimili `miwadaKrili~,
oTvalari `satirali~ [moTqmiT datireba], ongarali
`satirali~, orkiali `satirali [kiviliT]~, oRurali
`sasikvdile~, Wyvadili `gawyvetili~, mosirili `mos-
rili~...
rogorc vxedavT, sikvdilis, gadaSenebis aRm-
niSvneli leqsika mravalferovania da, rac mTavaria,
enobrivi TvalsazrisiT, ZiriTadad mimReoburi for-
mebia gamoyenebuli.
lazurSi Segvxvda aseTi fraza: vai gegaxvas do
valalai, gamaWkonda keRani gogixTas...
aris Tu ara sxvaoba formulebSi qalisa da
mamakacis metyvelebis mixedviT? rogorc Cans, gark-
veuli sxvaoba mainc iCens Tavs. samegreloSi mamakacis
wyevlis formulebi amgvaria:
jiSo eSaqiaCeli `jiSianad amoZirkuli~, Cxe tyvi-
aSi o‡vilari `cxeli tyviiT mosaklavi~, ziaroba

187
vaWareli `ar eRirsos ziareba~, am gamonaTqvams sxva
variantic aqvs: papaS ziaroba vemeWiSafili `mRvdlis
ziareba ar eRirsos~ (`ar moswrebuli~), jandabaS
o‡ulari `jandabaSi wasasvleli~. xSiria amgvari Se-
sityvebebic: RoronTgonWyorili `RmerTgamwyrali~,
xatgonWyoreli `xatgamwyrali~. realurad mamakacis
wyevlis formulebSi ufro metad Cans religiuri mo-
tivacia. Tu qalebis wyevlaSi mxolod RmerTi iyo
nasesxebi, aq gvaqvs iseTi leqsemebi, rogoricaa: papa
`mRvdeli~, ziaroba `ziareba~, xati...
saintereso gveCveneba mTian samegreloSi Cawerili
wyevlis formula jiSo eSaqiaCeli. eSaqiaCeli formis
fuZea qiaC-, eSa- zmniswinia, -el _ warmomqmneli afiqsi.
qiaC-i walenjixis raionSi cnobilia, rogorc wminda
giorgis xatis saxeli. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, es iyo
saswaulmoqmedi xati, romelsac Tavisi mamakaci
mcvelebi hyavda. swored am mcvelebs moixseniebdnen
qiaCel-ebad. SemTxveviTi araa, rom cnobilma qarT-
velma mweralma leo Sengelaiam fsevdonimad aiRo
qiaCeli da ase Sevida mwerlobis istoriaSi. savarau-
doa, rom wyevlaSi jiSo eSaqiaCeli igulisxmebodes
qiaCis, anu wminda giorgis xatis mier SeCveneba, rac
didi ubedureba iyo.

188
9. 4. dargobrivi leqsika

dargobrivi leqsikis gaqroba ukavSirdeba am

dargis miviwyebas, an misi mniSvnelobis damcrobas
sxva sameurneo saqmianobasTan SedarebiT. cnobilia,
rom miwaTmoqmedebasa, mesaqonleobasa da sxva
sameurneo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsika sul

189
ufro da ufro mcire adgils ikavebs Tanamedrove ad-
amianis sametyvelo leqsikur fondSi. teqnologiebisa
da industriis, agreTve momsaxurebis axali dargebis
ganviTarebis kvaldakval, axali terminebi da sityvebi
ikaveben Zvelis adgils. asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT,
metyvelTa leqsikuri maragis Seswavla warmoaCens
zogad tendencias _ rac ufro axalgazrdaa respo-
denti, miT ufro naklebad flobs tradiciul dargo-
briv leqsikas. magram SeimCneva meore tendenciac:
arealuri sxvaoba. magaliTisaTvis aviRoT vazis dar-
gobrivi leqsika. sul dasmuli iyo 13 kiTxva. same-
grelos Crdilo-dasavlur arealSi gamokiTxulTagan
pasuxi miviReT 4 kiTxvaze. esenia: binexi `venaxi~, bar-
jgi, masari `vazis sayrdeni joxi~, efSa tiani,
goWkadili tiani `savse mtevani~, safelamuSe wveni,
badagi, ne `Sesanaxad gankuTvnili yurZnis daduRe-
buli wveni~; samxreT-aRmosavlur arealSi ki respo-
dentebma cametive kiTxvas gasces pasuxi. lazebi didi
xania vazis kulturas aRar misdeven. Turquli oTx-
aswliani batonobis Sedegi amazec aisaxa _ yurZnis
dawurva da Rvinis dayeneba aRar xdeboda. miuxedavad
amisa, aRmoCnda, rom lazebis sametyvelo leqsika ux-
vad moicavs vazTan dakavSirebul sityvebs. qvemoT
warmovadgenT am leqsikas megrulTan mimarTebiT.

190
 `totis, foTlis ZirSi gamonazardi Klortebi~
lazurad gadmoicema sityvebiT: elamaluri, aSemalei.
orive zmniswiniani mimReobaa: ela-ma-l-uri, aSe-ma-l-
e{r}i. gamoiyofa -l-<-r- Ziri, romelic siaruls,
asvlas aRniSnavs. Sdr.: meulurs `midis~, megr. meurs
`midis~. megrulSi amave mniSvnelobiT naxmaria sityva
elnafala winaviTarebis mimReoba: fal- Ziri aRniSnavs
`yvavilobas, gafurCqvnas, amozrdas~.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom lazurSive dafiqsirda
amave mniSvnelobiT Sesityveba azla filosi, rac
Turquli nasesxoba Cans. sityva kukuli aSkarad mou-
lodneli iyo, radgan is qarT. kukuri-s lazuri vari-
anti gvgonia. kukuri sabasTan ganmartebulia, rogorc
gauSleli foToli. amdenad, lazurSi gvaqvs rogorc
sakuTari, aseve qarTulidan da Turqulidan Semosuli
leqsemebi erTnairi mniSvnelobiT:
elamaluri, aSemalei, kukuli, azla filosi.
`vazis gasamravleblad gadawvenili rqa~ lazurSi
gamoixateba sityvebiT: dongaminu, dongamineri.
pirveli masdaria, meore _ mimReoba. oriveSi
gamoiyofa saerTo Ziri -g-, rac megrulSic gvaqvs da
qarT. dageba masdaris -g- fuZesTan aris
dakavSirebuli: megr. o-g-an-s, laz. o-g-af-s, qarT. a-g-
eb-s. do- zmniswiniani formebi gamoxatavs qveviT
moZraobas. megr. do-o-gan-s > dagans Rums `Romi

191
amoaqvs qvabidan da debs tabakze~. dongaminu,
dongamineri zustad asaxavs procesis mimarTulebas:
`zemoT amowvdili vazis rqis dawvena~.
rogorc elamaluri, aseve dongamineri formebi
gviCveneben axal semantikas im Zirebisa, romelTac
amosavali mniSvneloba TiTqos gansxvavebuli aqvT:
siaruli, dageba. vfiqrobT, rom zmnuri fuZis
semantikuri velis gafarToeba aris is gza, romliTac
wavida lazuri.
laz. dongamineri-s mniSvnelobiT megrulSi
ixmareba sityvebi: ginorSua, gino‡arSili. gino-rS-ua
masdaris -{r}S- fuZe TokiT, ZafiT xlarTvas,
gadaqsovas aRniSnavs. gino‡arSili mimReobaa, romlis
‡a{r}S fuZe `damynobas~ aRniSnavs. gino- zmniswinis
mniSvneloba gulisxmobs zemodan qvemoT moZraobas.
amdenad, orive leqsema damatebiT semantikas aniWebs
aRniSnul fuZeebs.
`vazis gasxvlis dros wayrili totebi~ lazurSi
gamoixateba sityviT walami da SesityvebiT binexiS ‡a.
walami qarTulidanaa nasesxebi, xolo ‡a zanurSi
totis aRmniSvneli fuZea. aRmoCnda, rom megrulSic
ixmareba qarTulidan nasesxebi lerwi: lerwefi,
Tumca dasturdeba daarSali, nasxuna, wˆmnakvaTa,
romlebic procesis Sedegs gamoxataven da ara
sakuTriv sagans.

192
 `vazis gamonazardi, romliTac exveva sars~
megrulSi gadmoicema sityviT oSmeSi, rac `ulvaSi~-s
mniSvnelobisaa. lazurSi am mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba
sityvebi keleba da felari (savaraudod, nasesxebia
Turqulidan).
vazis saros aRmniSvneli sityvebia lazurSi: Rja,
megrulSi barjgi, masari. barjgi qarTulis dasavlur
dialeqtebSic ixmareba. lazuri Rja mogvagonebs megr.
jRa-s, rac totebs aRniSnavs.
KurZnis mtevani megrulSi aRiniSneba sityviT tiani,
xolo lazurSi _ Waba. megruli leqsema qarTulTan
Cans dakavSirebuli, xolo Waba gancalkavebiT dgas.
lazurSive gvaqvs Wabaloni. -oni sufiqsiT sityvebis
warmoeba damaxasiaTebelia zanurisTvis: qual-on-i,
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom Waba < *Wabal, amjerad
CvenTvis Znelia etimologiaze saubari.
mWidrod mosxmuli mtevani lazurSi gamoixateba
SesityvebiT: gonWkaderi Waba `gaWedili mtevani~. amave
tipisaa megruli Sesityveba: meykadili tiani, Tumca
megrulSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes amgvari Sesityvebac:
efSa tiani `savse mtevani~. sainteresoa, rom meCxer
mtevanze megrelebi ityvian `eqi-eqi mikoCansferi~ `aqa-
iq rom asxia iseTi~, anu aRweriTi formaa
gamoyenebuli, xolo lazurSi dasturdeba
konkretuli sityvebi, rogoricaa: xeeRi yurZeni,

193
seieRi Waba, cxanka. es ukanaskneli zanuri Cans,
romlis etimologiac CvenTvis ucnobia. rac Seexeba
xeeRi, seieRi sityvebs, Turqulidanaa Semosuli.
`marcvalgaclili mtevani~ lazurad gamoiTqmis,
rogorc WabaSi foCiefe, xolo megrulad _ quncxi,
quncari, cruki. vfiqrobT mTlianad zanuri leqsikaa
warmodgenili. lazurSi Semonaxulia iseTi sityva,
rogoricaa CenCaxeli _ `mravalmtevnian aWril rqas~
niSnavs. SesaZloa is ukavSirdebodes qarT. aConCxili
leqsemas. lazurisagan gansxvavebiT, megrulSi
aRweriTi formebiT gadmoicema ormtevniani da
mravalmtevniani rqa: jirtianami, breltianami. rac
Seexeba badags, megrulSi is aRiniSneba leqsemiT ne,
xolo lazurSi _ petmezi, loRa. petmezi Turquli
nasesxobaa, xolo loRa lazuri gvgonia.
rogorc vxedavT, vazis dargobrivi leqsika
kargadaa Semonaxuli samegrelos samxreT-
aRmosavleTiTa da lazebSi. TvalSisacemia is
garemoeba, rom megrulSi Warbobs aRweriTi formebi,
xolo lazurSi ufro terminologiuri leqsika
gvxvdeba.
vfiqrobT, rom sameurneo saqmianobis am dargis
gavrceleba _ argavrcelebaze metad mniSvnelovania
sociumis struqtura. rac ufro aqtiurad aris
CarTuli sazogadoebis wevri Tanamedrove

194
teqnologiur procesebSi, miT metia saSiSroeba
tradiciuli dargobrivi leqsikis daviwyebisa da
piriqiT _ sazogadoebis wevris nakleb CarTuloba
aris mizezi leqsikuri fondis mdgradobisa.

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