What are the benefits of motor oil?
Automatic transmission fluid is a transmission
There are several benefits to using motor
oil.
1.Keeps engines safe from damage
The key benefit of motor oil is that it stops the need
for costly repairs. Without lubrication, engines can
become seriously damaged as heat and friction
destroy engine parts.
2.Ensures a longer engine lifespan
By cleaning the engine from deposits and
sludge and reducing friction between parts, motor
oil prevents the engine from clogging and becoming
damaged. It ensures mechanical parts last longer
and corrode slower, helping the engine perform
better and have an increased lifespan.
3. Decreases fuel consumption and CO2
emissions
If there is too little motor oil in an engine,
the resulting friction lowers its efficiency,
increasing fuel consumption, and with high-
performance oils, emissions of gases and
particulates are further decreased.
4. Choose the right motor oil to ensure
optimum efficiency
Not all motor oils are alike, and it is important to
choose an oil that is suited to your vehicle and the
local climate conditions to enjoy all the benefits.
CLUTCH OIL
What is Clutch Fluid?
Clutch fluid is a viscous oil that is used
to operate a clutch in an automobile or other
vehicle with a manual transmission.
 Clutch fluid is really just brake fluid that is
kept in the clutch master cylinder. When
you depress the clutch pedal, this fluid
flows from the clutch master cylinder into
the slave cylinder. The pressure of the fluid
is then used to engage the clutch, which
allows you to change gears. After the clutch
has been engaged, the clutch pedal will be
released, and the fluid will retreat back to
the clutch master cylinder.
TRANSMISSION OIL
What is Transmission Fluid?
transmission fluid lubricates the bearings and
metal parts inside a car’s manual gearbox and
keeps them from grinding down as they move.
 Transmission fluid in both manual and
automatic transmissions also helps to keep
the transmission cool.
 There are two type of transmission Fluid:
automatic transmission fluid and
manual transmission fluid
Automatic transmission fluid is not the same
as manual transmission fluid.
oil that is used in automatic vehicles only, but in
the case of a manual transmission where the
clutch and shifter are used during gear shifts,
manual transmission oil is used.
Some manufacturers, depending on your style
of driving and the type of transmission your car
has, recommend changing your transmission fluid
every 30,000-60,000 miles.
Differential OIL
The differential oil lubricates the ring and
pinion gears that transfer power from the
driveshaft to the wheel axles.
The differential is a component in all cars
and is designed to compensate for the difference in
distance the inner wheels and outer wheels travel
as the car goes around a corner. In a rear-wheel-
drive car, the differential has its own housing and
lubrication, a thick, dark oil usually heavier than
80 weight.
Power steering OIL
Power steering fluid is the hydraulic fluid
used in the steering system to create a hydraulic
link between the steering wheel and the front
wheels. It suppresses foaming and prevents
corrosion in the power steering gear and steering
pump, which keeps vehicles working optimally.
Most commonly, power steering fluid is red,
amber, pink, light and/or clear. If it’s dark brown
or foamy, it probably needs to be changed.
When you should change power steering
fluid depends on the type of fluid that’s used and
how much fluid is in the system. The best way to
know when your power steering fluid should be
changed is to follow the original equipment
manufacturer (OEM) guidelines. Generally, power
steering fluid should be replaced at least every five
years or 50,000 miles
Brake Fluid
Brake fluid, also known as hydraulic fluid,
is used every time a driver brings their car to a
stop.
What Does Brake Fluid Do?
Simply put, a car’s braking system doesn’t work
without brake fluid. The brake fluid takes the force
from the depressed brake pedal, translates it into
pressure, and sends this pressure to the front and
rear brakes to stop a vehicle
The role that brake fluid plays is relatively
simple when broken down:
 The driver steps on the brake pedal.
 The linkage applies force to the piston at
the master cylinder.
 The master cylinder pressurizes the brake
fluid and sends it to the wheel cylinders
and calipers.
 The hydraulic pressure acts on pistons to
produce force.
  The force is exerted on the brake pads,
which make contact with the brake drum or
rotor.
 The rotation of the wheels slows or stops.
 a sealing gasket that allows it to be tightly held
How Often Should Brake Fluid Be Changed?
You should make sure to check the
condition of your brake fluid often and change it on
a regular basis to ensure the braking system as a
whole is able to run smoothly.
It’s easy to check the condition of brake fluid by looking
– a brake fluid reservoir is under the hood and there are
markings showing what the appropriate level of fluid
should be. Fluid should be added if it’s at a
lower level than normal and monitored in case
there’s a leak. Referring to an owner’s manual
is the best bet to find the recommended time
frame for your specific vehicle.
Engine Coolant
Antifreeze, or engine coolant, is a colored
liquid that is mixed with water to help regulate
your engine during extreme temperatures. As the
temperature outside changes from hot to cold
coolant is pumped throughout the engine block to
maintain an even operating temperature. Antifreeze
does more than just regulate temperature,
however. Maintaining proper fluid levels also helps
to prevent corrosion.
HOW DOES ENGINE COOLANT WORK?
Engine coolant is mixed with water, usually
at a 50/50 ratio, and poured into the proper
reservoir in your engine. The chemical ethylene
glycol is used as a base to create a liquid that is
pumped through your car’s engine to regulate and
maintain an optimal operating temperature during
extreme hot or cold weather conditions.
HOW OFTEN DOES MY CAR NEED NEW
COOLANT?
Most fluids your vehicle needs should be
drained and replaced at various intervals in order
to be effective. The same goes for your coolant. At
least twice a year you should check your coolant
levels—before the summer heat and before the
winter cold. Consult your vehicle’s owner's manual
for more precise information on when to flush and
replace the coolant in your vehicle.
Engine Oil Filter
The oil filter helps remove contaminants
from your car engine’s oil that can accumulate over
time as the oil keeps your engine clean.
The importance of clean motor oil
Clean motor oil is important because if the oil were
left unfiltered for a period of time, it could become
saturated with tiny, hard particles that can wear
surfaces in your engine. This dirty oil can wear the
oil pump’s machined components and damage the
bearing surfaces in the engine.
How oil filters work
The outside of the filter is a metal can with
against the engine’s mating surface. The base plate
of the can holds the gasket and is perforated with
holes around the area just inside the gasket. A
central hole is threaded to mate with the oil filter
assembly on the engine block. Inside the can is the
filter material, most frequently made from
synthetic fiber. The engine’s oil pump moves the oil
directly to the filter, where it enters from the holes
in the perimeter of the base plate. The dirty oil is
passed (pushed under pressure) through the filter
media and back through the central hole, where it
re-enters the engine.
Fuel Filter
A fuel filter is a filter used to screens out
foreign particles or liquids from the fuel.
Most internal combustion engines use a fuel filter,
in order to protect the components in the fuel
system.
A fuel filter is located in the fuel line to
screen out contaminants such as dirt, dust,
debris and rust particles from the fuel. A fuel
filter protects the critical parts of the engine, by
filtering out foreign particles that can
potentially damage a fuel injector.
 As such, the fuel collects a lot of
contaminants while performing its duties.
Hence, to maintain the proper functioning of
the fuel system, the fuel itself must be clean
and free of impurities such as dirt, dust,
metal particles, water etc. This is where a
fuel filter helps. A fuel filter is located in the
fuel line to screen out contaminants such as
dirt, dust, debris and rust particles from the
fuel. A fuel filter protects the critical parts of
the engine, by filtering out foreign particles
that can potentially damage a fuel injector.
Now injectors are pretty expensive to replace,
so you don’t want to cause them damage just
because you didn’t replace a fuel filter on
time. So make sure you practice timely
replacement of your filters. And while you are
at it, ensure that you buy filters only from
reliable OEMs.
AIR Cleaner Element
The function of the air cleaner element is to
remove dust contained in the intake air so as to
supply clean air to the engine, and protect the
moving parts in the engine from wear.
Over time, as more material is trapped, the
air flow rate decreases, restricting the air that
the engine needs.
If the air cleaner element is not replaced, engine
power, acceleration and fuel economy are
reduced.

Fuel Pump Strainer
The fuel pump strainer exists to keep
contaminants out of the fuel pump and to
prolong its life.
The fuel pump strainer is an oblong filter
made out of very fine mesh material.
The fuel tank can get really dirty over time.
It’s common for a fuel tank to become
contaminated with the following impurities:
 Dirt
 Sand
 Water
 Tank sediment
 Rust particles
 Gasoline deposits and varnish
The fuel pump strainer traps these
contaminants before the fuel enters the fuel
pump. Its sole purpose is to protect the pump
and prolong its life.
The Fuel Filter: Is It The Same Part As
The Fuel Pump Strainer?
Sometimes there’s another filter within
the fuel system: the fuel filter. It’s not the
same as the fuel pump strainer.
The biggest difference between these filters is:
A fuel filter uses a pleated paper filter
A fuel pump strainer uses a fine mesh screen
A fuel filter is located in the fuel line between
the tank and engine. It is usually found in
older cars. A strainer is only found in the fuel
tank, in cars that have a fuel pump in the fuel
tank.
It’s recommended to replace the fuel
filter every 30,000 miles, or every 2 years. You
may be wondering if you should
replace the fuel pump strainer along
with the fuel filter.
Sparkplug
A spark plug is an important component of
internal combustion engines, typically in
automotive applications, to ignite the fuel and air
mixture by providing a spark. Spark plugs have a
metal threaded shell connected to the engine's
ignition system and protruding into the
combustion chamber.
Functions of Spark Plugs
A spark plug has two major functions in internal
combustion engines which include:
 Igniting fuel/air mixture: as electrical energy is
transmitted through the component, it ignites the
gasoline/air mixture in the combustion chamber.
 Removing of heat: spark plugs cannot create
heat, but they can only be used to remove heat.
The temperature of the end of the plugs firing end
must be low enough to prevent pre-ignition but
should be high enough to prevent fouling. Spark
plugs can serve as a heat exchanger by
eliminating the unwanted thermal energy from
the combustion chamber. The heat is then
transferred to the engines cooling system.
Battery
A battery is a device that stores
chemical energy and converts it to electrical
energy.
How a battery works?
 The chemical reactions in a battery
involve the flow of electrons from one
material (electrode) to another, through
an external circuit.
 The flow of electrons provides an
electric current that can be used to do
work.
2 electrode called the anode (or negative
electrode) to another electrode called the
cathode (the positive electrode).
AIR CLEANER
Keeping in mind that we are living in an
environment that is full of bacteria, germs, viruses
and dust particles, we surely opt for a solution.
The solution is nothing else than an air purifier.
This is the only device, which removes germs and
bacteria from air and leaves behind fresh air. Air
cleaners are majorly used in enclosed environment.
They are also used in engines like gas
compressors, gas turbine and many more.
WHAT IS AIR CLEANER?
An air cleaner is vital to engine
performance. As outside air travels through the
intake on its way to the engine, it passes through
the air cleaner element. Dirt and debris, harmful to
an engine, are trapped in the air cleaner element.
Air cleaner that is fixed in an internal
combustion engines stops coarse particles to
produce in engine’s cylinders. This can cause
mechanical disturbance and oil contamination. Air
purifiers is fixed near the throttle of the engine and
its function is to clean the place for clean air to let
in. if this clean air would not come in then the
filter of your car would become too dirty, car
engine would not work properly and by and by,
your car would stop working. For a smooth and
clean engine, you need to check and replace the air
cleaners often to get rid of any big problem, which
is a rarity.
Tire
What is Tire?
Tires are an essential part of a car's
suspension and steering system.
FUNCTIONS OF THE TIRE
A tire has 3 basic functions: to carry,
guide and transmit
• Carry the load resulting from the weight of
the vehicle and all the overloads linked to
dynamic movements of the vehicle, together
with any aerodynamic overloads at high
speed, at the same time absorbing the
irregularities in the road.
• Guide the vehicle along the trajectories
decided by drivers.
• Transmit the braking or acceleration force
decided by the driver.
Tires, assisted by the air inside them,
perform vital functions that keep drivers safe and
comfortable.
Why Are Tires Important?
Tires are the most unsung heroes of all the
parts of a vehicle. They support the vehicle's entire
weight and make it possible to control the direction
that it is going. They absorb the many shocks that
come from the road so that the driver and
passengers don't get excessively bounced around.
They also transmit braking forces, torque, and
traction to the surface of the road so the vehicle
can slow down, stop, or turn. They are the front
line during poor weather conditions or on bad
roads that are in a state of disrepair. This is why
it's so important to choose the right kind of tires
for a vehicle and to keep them well-maintained.
WIPER BLADE
The wiper serves to clean the windshield
of the car at the front and rear, although not all
cars have wipers on the rear side. WIper works by
removing oil, dust, rainwater, and dirt that get
stuck to the windshield.
If there are no wipers, of course, the
rainwater that wets the glass will condense and
the condition of the glass will become unclear. Not
only that, dirt that sticks to the windshield for a
long time, of course, is very difficult to remove. If
left untreated, of course, will hinder the vehicles.
How Wipers Work?
When the wiper switch is in the off position,
the wiper will not function. When the wiper switch
is in low-speed mode, the wiper will work at low
speed. Accordingly, when the wiper switch is in
high-speed mode, the wiper will work at a fairly
high speed.
Air Cabin Filter
Air Cabin Filter
Air Cabin Filter
Air Cabin Filter
Air Cabin Filter or A/C Pollen
Filter
An air cabin filter is an important
component in any vehicle's heating and
cooling system. It helps protect the passengers
from contaminants in the air they breathe.
The cabin air filter in a vehicle helps remove
harmful pollutants, including pollen and dust,
from the air you breathe within the car.
The area where you drive can also play a
role in how often you change the filter. Those who
drive in urban, congested areas or places with poor
air quality might need to replace their filters more
frequently. If you live in a place with a desert
climate, your filter might get clogged with dust
faster, requiring frequent changes.
If you don't have your owner's manual or you want
to know the signs that your filter needs changing,
watch for:
 Reduced or weak airflow, even when the
heat or air conditioner is set to high
 A whistling sound coming from the cabin
air intake ducts
 Musty, unpleasant odors coming through
the air in your vehicle
 Excessive noise when the heating or
cooling system is running
If you are experiencing any of these signs in your
car, consider replacing the filter to see if that
resolves the problem.
BULB
Car lights are just about the most
important safety feature on your vehicle, because
they allow you to be seen, they allow you to see
and they give other road users a signal of your
intentions.
Light bulbs consist of a metal base, which
itself consists of a screw thread contact (attached
electrically to one side of the filament), insulating
material and an electrical "foot" contact (the little
brass bulge on the bottom which is electrically
connected to the other end of the filament.)
 The filament is the part of the bulb that
does the work to create light. It is made up of a
long, extremely thin (about .01 inch) length of
tungsten, a very versatile metal. The typical
filament in a household bulb is over six feet long
and is tightly wound to form a double-coil.

Brake Pads/ Brake shoe

brake pads and brake shoes perform
similar functions that designed to help you stop
your car,but they are not the same thing.
esigned to help you stop your car
Brake shoes are part of a drum brake
system. Brake shoes are crescent-shaped
components with a rough friction material on one
side. They sit inside of a brake drum. When the
brake pedal is pressed, the brake shoes are forced
outward, pushing against the inside of the brake
drum and slowing down the wheel.
Brake pads are part of a disc brake system.
In such systems, brake pads are squeezed together
by a caliper against a rotor disc — hence the name
"disc brake." The pads squeezing against the rotor
generate the friction needed to stop the car.

AMOUNT OF STOPPING POWER

Another difference between brake shoes and brake

pads is the amount of force each one requires to
stop the vehicle. Even though brake shoes typically
have larger areas of rough-surfaced material to
help create the friction needed to stop the car, they
typically don't have as much stopping power as
brake pads on a disc brake system. All things
equal, disc brakes generally provide more stopping
power much quicker than drum brakes, allowing
the car to stop sooner and at shorter distances.

Clutch Lining
The clutch lining is composed of a high
friction material and fits between the pressure
plate and the flywheel.