Subject Wise Image B.Q

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DPGIFMGE/NEXT
FMGEI MAGEBANK
Col
le
ctedandas
sembedby
DrOmkarSonawane& DrJas
wantSi
ngh
F130/
2,SUDARSHANROAD, GAUTAM NAGAR, NEW DELHI-49
+91-
9354297795,
+9560935393
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Preventive and Social Medicine
National Health Mission

2013
Combined NRHM + NUHM
National Tuberculosis
By Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI
It includes all other health programs of India like
Elimination Programme
RMNCH+A, NPCBVI, NTEP, NLEP, NPCDCS, NTCP, It is a new name for Revised National Tuberculosis
AMB etc.
Control Programme (RNTCP) with a new logo.
Major targets-
Category 1 and 2 are treated with the same regimen
a. MMR <100/lac LB (Currently 113/lac LB) of HRZE (2 months Intensive phase) + HRE (4 months
b. IMR <25/1000 LB (Currently 32/1000 LB) Continuous phase)
c. TFR - 2.1 (Currently 2.2) (So, CPR shall be
>60% and NRR shall be 1)
Page 1 of 117 Page 2 of 117

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Directly Observed Treatment Integrated Child Development
Shortcourse (DOTS) Services 1975
Heart of ICDS- Anganwadi
ICT based adherence support- DOTS 99
Ministry of Women and Child Development, GOI
Incentives- Patients 500/month
Functional Unit- Community Development Block
CXR and CBNAAT test in diagnosis
1 CD Block = 100 villages (1 lac population)
Daily regimens and Fixed dose combinations
1 Anganwadi Centre- Per 300-800 popn in hills
Active case finding
Per 400-800 popn in plains
Drug resistant TB treatment
Infantometer
Used to measure length
up to 2 years
Nikshay
Shakir's Tape
Online Tool For Monitoring and Surveillance ofTB Control
Programme. ... The word is combination of two Hindi Used to measure Mid Arm
words NI and KSHAY meaning eradication of tuberculosis.
Circumference (MAC/MUAC) on
field by health workers
Salter's Scale Age group - 6 months to 5 years

Used to measure
weight in ICDS Severe Malnutrition (Red Zone)
activities
MAC < 12.5 cm

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ICDS Growth Charts
Used to assess malnutrition in ICDS
URC- 50th percentile for Boys

LRC- 3rd percentile for Girls
Green Zone is also ka ROAD TO HEALTH Mid Day Meal Scheme

By Ministry of Human Resource and
Development (Now known as Ministry of
Education)
1/3rd Calories and 1/2 proteins of RDA is
provided.
100 g and 150 g of cereals to primary and
upper primary children is provided
respectively.
Harpenden's Callipers
WHO Growth Charts Used to measure skin fold thickness
National Family Planning

Poshan Abhiyaan Programme
It is a multi-ministerial convergence mission with This logo has been set in use for the NFPP.
the vision to ensure attainment of malnutrition
free India by 2022.
Under Ministry of Women and Child Development
through Anganwadi Centres

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National Leprosy Elimination
Programme (NLEP)
Uniform Multi Drug Therapy for all patients - 3 drug regimen of
Dapsone + Rifampicin + Clofazimine
NIKUSTH- ICT based online tracking and surveillance

Janani Shishu Suraksha system for leprosy patients in NLEP.
Karyakram
Free diagnostics, free drugs, free delivery, free diet, free
blood transfusion, free delivery are components.
NewBorn Care Corner
NewBorn Stabilization Unit
Special NewBorn Care Unit
Home based NewBorn Care
National AIDS Control

Programme (NACP) 1987
1st case in India- 1986 (Chennai)
It iis looked after by NACO a subunit of
National Vector Borne MOHFW, GOI
Disease Control Programme ART initiated irrespective of the CD4 count
(NVBDCP) Screening by ERS Battery (ELISA, Rapid and

Simple tests)
M/C Vector Borne Ds- Malaria
M/C Viral Vector Borne Ds- Dengue
M/C Arboviral VBDs- Dengue
Programme includes Malaria, Dengue, Filariasis,

Kala Azar, JE and CG Fever.
Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC)

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Cold Chain for Vaccines
Mission Indradhanush
It includes 100% coverage for 11 Vaccine
Preventable Diseases by 2020 through catch up
campaigns.
TB, Polio, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis
B, Measles, Rota virus, MR, IPV, JE
Dial thermometer and

Alcohol Stem
thermometer shown in
the images to recording
The Switch temp in Cold Chain
National Switch Day of India was 25th April,
2016
Switch from trivalent OPV (P1, P2, P3) was
done to bilavlent OPV (P1,P3) Ice-Lined Refrigerators (ILR)
Located at PHC
Temp- 2 to 8°C
Storage of vaccines
Temp is recorded twice a day

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Cold Chain for Vaccines
Ice Pack Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) 2018

Smallest component of cold chain To reduce prevalence of anemia by 3% every year by 2022
2 vaccine vials can be kept
Strategy- 6 beneficiaries × 6 interventions × 6 institutional
Used at the level of SubCentre or Villages mechanism
Maximum failure chances
Vaccine Carriers
16-20 vaccine vials can be carried
Located at level of Sub Centre or Village
4 Ice Packs can be stored
National Programme for

Control of Blindness and Visual
Impairment
Blindness- Vision < 3/60 in best eye with best possible
National Program for Prevention
correction. and Control of Diabetes, Cardio-
MCC- Cataract > Refractive Errors Vascular Diseases and Stroke
Prevalence is 0.36% and Goal is < 0.3% (NPCDCS)
VISION 2020 India Health promotion, opportunistic screening, referral ,
Right to Sight Initiative diagnosis and management of none communicable diseases
To eliminate all causes of avoidable blindness

Cataract, RE, Childhood Blindness, Trachoma, Diabetic
Retinopathy, Glaucoma, Corneal Blindness
Vision Centre--> Service Centre--> Training Centre-->
Centre of Excellence--> Apex
School- 1 teacher/150 students
Referral- Vision <6/9

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Rule of Halves
Shown by Hypertension
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit

Matritva Abhiyaan (SUMAN)
Free antenatal care checkups on 9th of every month
By MOHFW, GOI
Diabetes
Breast Cancer
Awareness
National Iodine Deficiency

Disorder Control Programme
(NIDDCP), 1992
Salt Iodinisation- 30 ppm at production level
15 ppm at consumer level
National Health Insurance National Tobacco Control Programme

Scheme (RSBY)
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Aarogya Setu App National Rural Employment
Aarogya Setu is a mobile application Guarantee Act, 2005 (NREGA)
developed by the Government of India to > 100 days of employment per year
connect essential health services with the
people of India in our combined fight Max. 1member per BPL family
against COVID-19.
Unskilled manual labour
Employee State Insurance

Act,1940 Integrated Disease Surveillance
By Ministry of Labour, GOI Project (IDSP)
Contribution- Employer 3.25% of wages Encompasses Regular, Sentinel and Periodic Surveillance
Employee 0.75% of wages Forms for Syndromic Dx, Presumptive Dx and Lab confirmed
Dx.
Sickness Benefit- 91 days (70% wages)
Extended Sickness Benefit- 2 years (80% wages)
Maternity Benefit- 26 weeks (100% wages)

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Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan
Yojana (PMJDY)
By Ministry of Finance, GOI
National Disaster Response Force

It is under National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA)
Chairperson- Prime Minister
Nodal Ministry- Home Affairs
Nodal Centre- District
World Disaster Reduction Day- 13th October
UIDAI Aadhar
Disaster Management Cycle

Health and Medical Relief: Unnati Jyoti by Affordable
Primary phase- (0-6hrs) First aid, Medical care LEDs for All (UJALA)
Secondary followup (6-24 hrs) Transportation, Sanitation, By Ministry of Power, GOI
Immunization
Distribution of LEDs at affordable and subsidized
Tertiary cleanup- Food, Clothing, Shelter, Social services and prices
Rehabilitation

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Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Abhiyaan
By Ministry of Women and Child Development
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala

Yojana (PMUY)
By Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,
GOI
Free LPG connections to BPL families and gas
cylinders at subsidized rates
UJJAWALA Yojana AYUSH

A Comprehensive Scheme for Prevention of Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopath,
trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re- Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
integration of Victims of Trafficking and Commercial MOHFW, GOI
Sexual Exploitation
By Ministry of Women and Child Development, GOI

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James Lind
He worked on Scurvy and naval hygiene
International Day of Yoga

21st June
Edward Jenner
He coined the term Vaccination
He developed the first vaccine (Small Pox)
Sir Louis Pasteur

Indian Standards
Institution Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Father of Microbiology
FSSAI is responsible for protecting and promoting public health He was a French microbiologist.
The ISI mark is a standards- through the regulation and supervision of food safety.
compliance mark for industrial He invented vaccines of Cholera, Anthrax and
products in India since 1955. Rabies
He also invented Pasteurization
Bureau of Indian He disapproved the Theory of Spontaneous
Standards Generation of Disease given by Aristotle
BIS is the National Standard He gave the Germ Theory of Disease
AGMARK Body of India established
AGMARK is a under the BIS Act 2016 for
certification mark the harmonious
employed on development of the
agricultural products activities of standardization,
in India, assuring that marking and quality
they conform to a set certification of goods and for
of standards. matters connected
therewith or incidental
thereto.

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Web of Causation Theory
Given by Mcmohan and Pugh
John Snow
Father of Epidemiology
Father of Modern Epidemiology
He worked on Cholera and therefore Cholera is
regarded as Father of Public Health
National Institute of Epidemiology - Chennai, India
Multifactorial Causation Theory

Given by Pattenkoffer
Epidemiology
Iceberg
phenomenon
Epidemiological Triangle
Epidemiological Triad
Lead Time

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Population Distribution
T
Developed Countries- Spindle shaped
Developing Countrues- Pyramid
Prospective Cohort study
Analytical Studies BARRIER CONTRACEPTIVES
Male Condoms Vaginal Sponge (TODAY)

Pearl Index- 2-14/HWY Pearl Index- 9-20/HWY
Case Control Study

Female Condoms Vaginal Diaphragm
Pearl Index- 5-21/HWY Pearl Index- 5-20/HWY

DP
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/N
Sterilization
EX
Intra-Uterine Contraceptive
Permanent method of contraception
T
Device Pearl Index - < 0.1/HWY
Pearl Index- 1-5
Best method of emergency contraception
CuT 380A
Lippes Loop 2nd generation IUCD
1st generation IUCD Bioactive
Highest failure among A signifies vertical length of limb
IUCD's 380 signifies surface area of Cu
Non-medicated and Inert used
Tubectomy Vasectomy
Most commonly used method Advice post vasectomy-
Mirena MC technique- Pomeroy's Use barrier method for
3rd generation IUCD
technique 3 months
Levonorgestrel medicated IUCD
CONTRACEPTION
Antara
Chhaya IM injectable hormonal contraception
Also ka Saheli/Centchroman Depot Metroxy Progesterone Acetate
Once a week pill (DMPA)
Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (COCP)

Yuzpee and Lancer Regime (4 pills taken at a
time 12 hrs apart within 72 hrs) Natural Method of
Ethinyl Estradiol - 30 mcg
Levonorgestrel - 150 mcg Contraception
7 tablets of Ferrous sulphate 60 mg
Pearl Index- 0.1-2/HWY

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Critical Path is the longest path in terms of duration
It is the method used in Network Analysis in health management
Autoclave
In above case the one marked red is the critical path
Temp- 121°C at 15 psi for 15 min
Control- Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Gaussian Curve
Measures of Central Tendency

DP
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International Organizations Demographic Cycle
T
1921- Year of Big/Great Indian Divide
World Health Organization United Nations (UNO)

(WHO) Established- 1945
Established- 1945 HQ- New York
Constitution- 7th April 1948
(World Health Day)
HQ- Geneva
United Nation's Children's

Emergency Fund India- 3rd/Late expanding stage
HQ- New York Sex Ratio- 940
Chid Sex Ratio - 918
Launched GOBI-FFF Campaign
International Organizations Mosquitoes and Larvae
International Labour
International Red Cross Organization
HQ- Geneva HQ- Geneva
Female Anopheles Mosquito Aedes aegypti Mosquito
Vector for Malaria Vector for Dengue, YF, CG Fever and Zika
Black spots on wings virus
FAO 45° angle with surface White spots so aka Tiger Mosquito
HQ- Rome, Italy
Launched FFHC Campaign Larva parallel to water surface Larva suspends from water surface

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/N
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Mosquitoes and Larvae
T
Chicken Pox (Varicella)
Aka Human Herpes Virus (HHV 3)
IP- 14-21 days
Centripetal distribution of rash
Rash in different stages
Dew drop lesions
Vaccine strain- OKA strain
Culex Mosquito Mansonia Mosquito

Vector for Japanese Encephalitis, WNF, Vector for Brugyian Filariasis
Lymphatic Filariasis Sparkling on legs and wings
Hunchback appearance
Larvae along rootlets of aquatic plants
Larva suspended from water surface
Methods of Communication
Sociogram
Focused Group Discussion
Measles (Rubeola)
Rash (Image 1)
Koplik spots (Image 2)
IP- 10-14 days
Vaccine strain- Edmonstron Zagreb strain
NIS- 2 doses of MR vaccine
(9 months and 16-24 months)
ORS Demonstration

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Instruments Nutrition and Health
T
Bitot's Spots
Vit. A deficiency (Xerophthalmia)
Sling Psychrometer Class X1B
Used to measure Air
Wind Vane
Used for Direction of Secondary Sign Lathyrism
Humidity Due to adulteration of
wind
Kesari Dal in other pulses
Toxin- BOAA (Beta- Oxylyl
Amino Alanine)
Golden Rice Neurological and Skeletal
Kata Thermometer Genetically Modified
Crop manifestations
Used to measure Low air
velocity/ Cooling power of air Rich in Iron and Beta-
Carotene
Horrock's Apparatus
Used for estimation of Chlorine Dental Fluorosis
demand
1 black beaker of Starch Iodide
Chloroscope
Used to measure amount of
free residual Chlorine in
water BioHazard

DP
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Trends of Disease
T
Single Exposure, Point Source
Epidemic
Clustering of cases in one incubation
period
Sudden rise and sudden fall
Eg. Food Poisoning
Secular Trend
Long term fluctuations
Multiple Exposure, Point

Source Epidemic
Sudden Rise Cyclical Trend
Secondary waves due to multiple Increase or decrease every few years
exposure Periodic fluctuations
Multiple clustering of cases
Eg. Typhoid due to contaminated Seasonal Trend
water in pond/well Periodic fluctuations
Louse
Propogated Epidemic
Only with diseases showing Person-
to-person transmission
Slow rise and slow fall with a plateau
Eg. Hepatitis A, TB, HIV
Louse transmitted diseases -

Epidemic Typhus
Relapsing Fever
Trench Fever
Pediculosis
Pandemic a. Pediculosis Capitis- Head louse
Country to country spread of a disease b. Pedivulosis Corporis- Body louse
Eg. COVID-19, H1N1, HIV c. Pediculosis Pubus- Crab louse

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Sampling
VECTORS
T
1. Sandfly (Phlebotomous sp.)- Visceral Leishmaniasis
1 (Kala Azar), Cutaneous Lesihmaniasis (Oriental sore,
Delhi boil, Baghdad boil)
2. Reduvid Bug- American Trypanosomiasis

(Chagas disease)
3. Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)- Bubonic plague

Endemic Typhus, Chiggerosis
2 3
Simple Random Sampling Systematic Random Sampling
Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling Cluster Random Sampling

Tick transmitted diseases Done in various levels (strata) Done in various clusters
Soft Tick- Q fever, KFD(outside India), Relapsing Fever
Hard Tick- KFD(India), Indian tick typhus, Babesiosis, Tick
encephalitis and Tick hemorrhagic fever, Tularemia

DP
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GE
/N
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Statistical Graphs Statistical Graphs
T
Histogram
OGIVE- Cumulative Frequency
Diagram (Frequency only
increases)
Frequency Polygon Frequency Curve
Statistical Graphs Statistical Graphs
Simple Bar Charts
Multiple Bar Charts Stem and Leaf

Funnel Plot Forest Plot
Plot
Component Bar
Charts
Box and Whisker Plot Pie Chart
DP
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Image 1- Contusion/Bruise
Image 2- Racoon's eye/Panda's

eye/Spectacle hematoma
It is due to Anterior Cranial
Fossa fracture
Aka Ectopic migratory bruise
Forensic Medicine
and
Toxicology
Image 1- Laceration
Image 2-
Avulsion/Degloving Injury
Mechanical Injuries
Suicidal Wounds
Hesitational Cuts/
Intentional Cuts/
Tentative Cuts
Grazed Abrasion
Gravel Rash/Brush
Burn/Friction Burn
Incised Wound
Patterned Abrasion Harakiri/Seppuku

Imprint Abrasion/Impact Self inflicted injury
Abrasion to abdomen by
japanese soldiers
Pressure Abrasion
Stab Wound

DP
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GE
/N
EX
Skull Fractures IntraCranial Hemorrhages
T
Linear/Fissure
fracture
Depressed fracture
Signature fracture/ Fracture
Ala Signature
SubArachnoid Hemorrhage IntraCerebral Hemorrhage
Rupture of berry aneurysm MC site- Putamen
Worst headache of life or Thunderclap Injury to lenticulostriate artery
headache (Charcots artery)
Pond's Fracture Xanthochromic CSF
Indented fracture
Seen in elastic skulls of infants
IntraCranial Hemorrhages Forensic Ballistics
Extradural Hemorrhage Subdural Hemorrhage

Injury to Middle Meningeal Rupture of bridging emissary
Artery veins
Coup injury Extremes of ages
Lucid Interval Concavoconvex (crescent
Biconvex (lens shaped) opacity shaped) opacity on CT Head
on CT Head

DP
GI
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GE
/N
EX
Transportation Injuries
T
Firearm
Sparrow Foot Marks/ Injuries

Due to broken wind screen Whiplash Injuries
Neck goes in hyperflexion and
hyper extension leading to spinal
cord injuries
Seat Belt Injuries

Due to hyperflexion on seat belt
MC- Mesenteric rupture
Thermal Burns Electrical Injuries
Joule Burn
Low voltage
burn
Crocodile Burns
Multiple pitted lesions due to high
voltage
Filigree Burns
It is seen with lightening
Aka Arborescent markings/ Lichenberg
flowers/ Ferns/ Keranographic markings

DP
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GE
/N
EX
Torture Methods
T
Declaration of Tokyo Transvestism/Eonism
Vitriolage (Acid Attack)
Defn- IPC sec 326 A
Punished- IPC sec 326 B
Falanga/BastinadDry Submarine Voyeurism

Telefono Peeping Tom/
o Scoptophilia
IPC sec 354 C
Wet
Submarine
Frotteurism
IPC sec 290
Parrot's Perch Planton Saw Horse
Cold Injuries Hanging
Trench Foot
Due to moist cold on prolonged
immersion
Typical
Atypical Hanging
Hanging
Frost Bite
Permanent damage due to freezing
temperature Lynching

DP
GI
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GE
/N
EX
T
Mugging Manual Strangulation(Throttling) Choking
Smothering
Treated with Heimlich's manuevre
Ligature
Strangulation
Positional Asphyxia
Garrotting Burking Jack Knife Position
Drowning
Tache noire sclerotica

Cadaveric Spasm Froath Rigor Mortis
Emphysema Aquosum Washer Woman's hand

Tardieu Spots
Ligor Mortis (Hypostasis)
Subpleural hemorrhages in lungs
DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Dactylography
T
Galton's Classification of Fingerprints
Adipocere
Composite (C)
Most Common
Mummification
Marbling Cheiloscopy Rugoscoy Super imposition
Cephalic Index Classification
Maceration
Skin Slippage (Earliest Sign)
Spalding Sign- Radiological Sign of
IUD

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Cardiac Poisons
T
Aconite
Mitha Bhush/ Mita Zaher/ Monks
Hood
Root is most toxic
Aconitine is active principle
Effects- Hippus and Cardiac
arrhythmias
Yellow Oleander
Cerbera thevetia
Causes hyperkalemia
and arrhythmias
Pink Oleander /Kaner
Caput Succadeneum. Cephalhematoma Nerium odorum
Tests Ophitoxemia
Takayama test
Blood Tests
Elapidae (Neurotoxic)
Common Cobra. Krait
Teichman's test (Naja naja). (Bangarus caereleus)
Barberio's test
Hydropidae (Myotoxic)
Sea Snakes
Seminal Stain Tests
Viperidae (Hemotoxic)
Russel Viper. Saw scaled Viper
Florence test
(Daboia russel). (Echis carinate)
DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Delirients
T
Datura alba
Datura nigra
Datura stramonium (Jimson's weed)-
-> Thorn apple
Active principle- Hyoscine and

Atropine
Fatal dose - 100 seeds

Aka Railway or Roadside poison
8 D's
Dry mouth, Dry skin, Dysarthria,
Dysphagia, Dilatation of pupil,
Delirium, Drunken gait, Death Lead Poisoning Arsenic Poisoning
Image 1- Burtonian line Image 1- Rain drop pigmentation
Image 2- Basophilic stippling Image 2- Aldrich mees line
Plant Irritants
Cannabis
(Rope/Joint/Weed/Marijuana/Grass) Abrus precatorius
MC abused substance Gunchi seeds/Rati seeds/Rosary
Active principle- THC (Tetra Hydro Cannabinol) needs
Burnt rope smell Each seed weighs 108 gm
A motivational syndrome Abrin is active principle
Run Amok/ Stabbing spree Sui needles are prepared
Flashback phenomenon
Preparations-
Bhang/Ganja/Charas/Hashish/Majoon/Sinsemella Croton tigilium
Jemal Gota
Croton is active principle
Causes intense purgation
Cocaine
Fatal dose- 1gm oral
Ulceration of nasal septum
Cocaine
Bugs(Formification/Magnan's Ricinus communis
symptom) Castor plant/Arandi
Sympathomimeticand Ricin--> Bloody diarrhea
Vasoconstrictor
Black staining of tongue Page 57 of 117 Page 58 of 117
DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Methods of Substance Abuse
Semicarpus anacardium
T
Bhilawa seeds/Marking nuts
Artificial bruise
Semicarpol is active principle
Plant
Irritants
Calotropis
Calotropin is active principle
Abortion stick/Infanticide/Artificial Snorting Skin Popping
bruise
Huffing
Spanish fly Chilli seeds
Blister Capsicum anum
beetle/Canthari Hunan's hand
des (Chilli burn)
Bagging Chasing the Dragon
Opium
Papaver somniferum
Afim/Madam
Somniferous cerebral poison
Fatal dose- 2gm
Morphine- Miosis, Resp. depression
Psychiatry
Strychnos nuxvomica
Kuchila
Strychnine is active principle
1 crushed seed is fatal
Resembles Tetanus
Spinal poison
Opisthotonus as in image

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Sigmund Freud
T
Father of Psychoanalysis
He stated Theory of Topographical
Mind
Cataplexy
Seen in Narcolepsy
Callousy Knuckles
Seen in Bulimia Nervosa due to
constant purging
Posturing
Symptom of Catatonic Autoscopic
Schizophrenia Hallucinations
Othello Syndrome
Pathological or Morbid Jealousy
Delusion of infidelity
Seen in Alcoholics
Fregoli Syndrome
Misidentifying a stranger as familiar Autism Awareness
person
Believes person can change identity
Depression
Omega Sign on forehead (In woman
, shown with white arrow)
Capgras Syndrome Veraguth Fold seen at canthus of
Misidentifying a familiar person eye in man
Believes familiar person has been
changed by an impostor

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
O2 Delivery Devices
T
Simple Hudson Mask
Anesthesia Nasal Cannula
FiO2: 0.24-0.45 (2-6L/min)
FiO2: 0.44-0.60 (6-
8L/min)
O2 Mask with Reservoir Bag
Can be with Non-rebreathing or
High Flow Nasal Cannula Partial rebreathing bag
FiO2: 0.6-0.9 (6-10L/min)
Venturi (Venti) Mask

O2 blenders with Nebulizer FiO2: 0.24-0.6 (2-12L/min) Anesthesia Face Mask
FiO2: 0.21-1.0 (30-60L/min) FiO2: 1
Cannulas Ambu Bag

Bag and Mask Ventilation
C/I- Congenital Diaphragmatic
Hernia
Laryngoscope
Macintosh (Curved blade)- Adults
Rotahaler Killer's (Straight blade)- Children

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Supraglottic Airway Devices Needles
T
Quincke/Whitacre/Sprotte- Spinal
Toughy- Epidural
Capnography
Normal Capnogram Cardiogenic Oscillations

Seen in pediatric and thin patients
Double Lumen Endotracheal Tube

Used in thoracoscopic surgeries
CO2 Rebreathing
Curare Cleft/Notch
Tracheostomy Cricothyrodotomy Signifies return of spontaneous
Guedel's Airway ventilation
DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Flexometallic(
Armoured)
Endotracheal
Tube
Kink-Resistant
Vapouriser
Yellow- Sevoflurane
Purple- Isoflurane
Red- Halothane
Blue- Desflurane
Cyclopropane Oxygen Air Nitrous Oxide Entonox

Swan Ganz Catheter Central Venous Access PI- 3,6 PI- 2,5 PI-1,5 PI- 3,5 50%O2 + 50% N2O
PI-7
Anesthesia Circuit
Physiology
Mapelson A (Magill)- Spontaneous ventilation

Mapelson D (Bain's)- Controlled ventilation
Mapelson E (Ayre's T piece)- Bagless,Valveless,Useless
Mapelson F (Jackson Reev's modification of E)-
Pediatric patients Closed circuit

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Normal ECG
T
Ventricular Action Potential
Spirometry
O2-Hb
Saturation
Curve

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
The Flow Volume Curves
T
Normal EEG

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Landmarks in Skull
T
Counter-Current
Mechanism
Anatomy

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Normal CT Images
T
Extra Ocular Muscles
and Directions of Gaze
Visual and Auditory Pathway

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Anterior Traingle LumboSacral Plexus
of Neck
Posterior
Traingle of
Neck Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Hesselbach's Triangle

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Contents of Greater
and Lesser Sciatic
Foramina

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Diaphragmatic Hiatus
Circle of Willis Couinaud's

Classification
Calot's Triangle

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Cutaneous
Innervation
Muscular Innervation
(Injuries)
C8,T1
Guyon's Canal

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Fibular fracture leds to
potential damage of
Common Peroneal
nerve leading to Foot
Drop
Pharmacology

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Short Acting Beta 2 Long Acting Beta 2 Corticosteroid Inhaler
Agonist Inhaler Agonist Inhaler
Z-track
technique used
to prevent
leakage in
subcutaneous
tissue.
Used for Iron
Dextran

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Carbohydrate Tests
Adverse Effects
T
Molisch Test
Benedict's Test
Phocomelia
Eg. Thalidomide
intake
Barfoed's Test
Seliwanoff's Test
Protein Tests
Biochemistry Biuret Test Xanthoproteic Test
Ninhydrin Test Sakaguchi Test

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Lesch Nyhan
T
Syndrome
Self mutilation
Deficiency of HGPRT
enzyme leading to
hyperuricemia
Hurler's Disease
MPS-1 and also a LSD
Hepatosplenomegaly, skeletal
abnormalities, cognitive impairment
and corneal clouding
Von Gierke’s Disease

Type I Glycogen Storage Disease
Severe hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly,
ketosis
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphatase
Gaucher's Disease
It is a lipid storage disease
Deficiency of
Glucocerebrosidase
Histopath- Gaucher Cell

(Crumpled tissue paper Cahill or Glucose-
appearance) Alanine Cycle
Hepatomegaly
DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Microbiology
Protein Electrophoresis
Mycology
Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)
Stain
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H

and E) stain
Calcaflour White
Tendon Xanthomas Xanthelasma Fluorescent Stain
Both conditions are seen in

Gomori Methanamine
Familial Hypercholesterolemia Silver Stain

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
Tinea/Pityriasis versicolor
EX
Malasezzia furfur
T
Black Piedra White Piedra
Piedra hortae Trichospora beigelli
Scales + 10% KOH mount --> Sphagetti Scales + SD Agar --> Fried Egg
and Meat Ball appearance colonies
Kerion
Tricophyton
mentagrophytes Tinea Cruris
Aka Dhobi/Jock
Tinea Capitis Itch
Favus
Tricophyton Tinea Pedis
schoenlenii Aka Athlete's Foot
Candida albicans Aspergillus
H and E stain of
Black Colonies of Tissue biopsy-
Corn Meal Agar Reynold Braude phenomenon SDAgar- Creamy pasty Aspergillus on Septate hyphae,
Chlamydospore formation Germ tube formation colonies culture medium acute angled (45°)
and dichotomous
branching
Oral Thrush
Curdy creamy patch Halo Sign on
CT Chest in
Invasive
Vaginal Candidiasis Aspergillosis
Crescent sign on
Curdy white discharge CT Chest in
Invasive
Aspergillosis
DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Zygomycetes Dimorphic Fungal Disease
T
Aseptate hyphae, Obtuse angled Coccidides imitis
Causes Coccididomycosis
Yeast- Spherule with endospores
Mold- Anthroconidial arrangement
Paracoccidides brasilensis
Causes Para coccididomycosis aka South
American disease or Lutz mycosis
Yeast- Mickey mouse/Mariner's wheel/Pilot
wheel appearance
Penicillium marneffi
Causes Penicilliosis
Brush Conidial arrangement
Brick red colour pigment
Dermatophytes Dimorphic Fungal Diseases
Tricophyton
Cylindrical macroconidia and
numerous microconidia
Histoplasma capsulatum
Epidermophyton Causes Histoplasmosis aka Darling's
disease
Sporothrix schenkii
Club/Boat/Pear shaped Causes Sporotrichosis aka Rose
Yeast- Narrow based budding
macroconidia with no microconidia Mold- Tuberculate macroconidia Gardener's disease
Yeast- Cigar shape
Mold- Flower like sporulation
Microsporum
Spindle shaped macroconidia with
few microconidia

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Dimorphic Fungal Diseases Protozoalogy
T
Chromoblastomycosis
Tissue Bx- Medlar bodies (Sclerotic
Amoebiasis
brown coloured globose bodies)
Entamoeba histolytica
Copper penny appearance
Anchovy sauce/Chocolate
pus
Quadrinucleate cyst
Blastomyces dermatitis
Causes Blastomycosis aka North Giardia lamblia
American/Chicago/Gilchrist disease Causes Giardiasis
Yeast- Figure of 8 appearance Trophozite- Tennis Racquet/Monkey
face/Tear drop appearance
Falling leaf like motility
Trichomonas vaginalis
Madura Foot/Mycosis
Actinomycetoma- Bacterial
Eumycetoma- Fungal
Multiple discharging sinuses
Rhinosporidiosis
Caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi
It is a aquatic protozoa
Copitis macularis (Strawberry
Mulberry like nasal mass Green frothy discharge
vagina)
Poly Bx- Spherule with endospores
Pneumocystis carni/jeroveci
Causes PC pneumonia
Cannot be cultured
Cryptococcus
neoformans
Causes Cryptococcal
meningitis in HIV +ve
India Ink stain of CSF

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Plasmodium species stages
T
Chagoma/Romana sign
American Trypanosomiasis
Aka Chagas disease
Transmitted by Reduvid Bug
Leads to Megacolon,
Megaesophagus
Toxoplasma gondii Post Kala Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL)

Causes Toxoplasmosis
Due to ingestion of undercooked
contaminated meat
Sabin feldman dye test
Leishmaniasis
Leishmania donovani- Kala azar
Babesia microti Transmitted by Sandfly
Maltese cross arrangement (Phlebotomous) Leishman Donovan (LD) Bodies
Causes Babesiosis rk 39 Ag test
Transmitted by tick LAMB is DOC
Page 101 of 117 Page 102 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Helminthology
Schistosoma
T
Squamous and Transitional cell
carcinoma of bladder
Katayama fever
Diphyllobothrium latum
Aka Fish tapeworm
Operculated egg
Leads to Megaloblastic Anemia
Hymenlopsis nana
Aka Dwarf tapeworm
Neurocysticercosis
Non-Bile stained egg
Due to Taenia solium
Autoinfection
Starry sky appearance
Trichuris trichiura
Echinococcus Aka Whipworm
Barrel/Dumbbell shaped egg with
granulosus
mucus plugs
Aka Dog tapeworm
Leads to Coconut cake like rectum
Water Lily sign on CT Abd
(frequent prolapse)
Casoni test
PAIR therapy
Enterobius vermicularis
Aka Pinworm/Thread
worm/Seatworm
Clonorchis sinesis Perianal pruritus
Aka Oriental or Chinese
Auto infection
Liver fluke
Non bile stained plano- convex
Can lead to
egg
Cholangiocarcinoma (CT)
Tadpole like larvae
Page 103 of 117 Page 104 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Bacteriology
Ancylostoma duodenale
T
Aka Hookworm Robert Koch
Ground itch Father of Modern Microbiology
Causes Fe deficiency anemia Father of Bacteriology
Chandler's index (>300 is a social problem) Discovered TB and Cholera bacilli
Eggs with blastomeres) Stated Koch's Postulates
Ancylostoma brasilensis
Causes Cutaneous Larvae
Migrans
Joseph Lister- Father of Antiseptic
Surgery
Antony Van Leeuwenhook- Father

of Microscopy
Paul Ehrlich- Acid Fast stain concept

Ascaris lumbricoides
Kary B. Mullis- PCR
Wuchereria bancrofti
Leads to Bancroftian Filariasis
Transmitted by Culex mainly
Potassium Tellurite Agar
DEC provocative test
Blood smear- Microfilariae (No
nuclei at tail tip)
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Aka Klebloeffler's bacilli
Bipartite toxin
Chinese Letter Pattern or Cuneiform Shick test
arrangement Leads to Bull's Neck
Brugua malayi
Pseudomembrane (MC- Faucial)
Tail tip shows terminal 2 nuclei
Page 105 of 117 Page 106 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Streptococcus
T
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gr. A Streptococcus (S. Pyogenes)
Aka Gonococcus Scarlet Fever
Common cause of Urethritis, Pharyngitis and PSGN (Immuno-fluorescence showing IgG
Ophtgalmia neonatorum and C3 deposits)
Intracellular kidney shaped
Neisseria meningitidis
Aka Meningococcus Streptococcus
Gr. B Strep
A, C, W and Y serogrp pneumoniae
(S. Agalactiae)
Meningitis and Meningococcemia (Pneumococcus)
shows Butterfly
Can lead to Waterhouse Friedrichsen MCC of Pneumonia
zone hemolysis on
syndrome Draughtsman like or Carrom
Blood Agar
Coin colonies
Staphylococcus
Bacillus anthracis
Gram stain- Bamboo stick appearance
Agar Microscopy- Medusa head/Matted Wool like appearance
Gelatin Stab Culture- Inverted Fir tree appearance
Staphylococcal
Impetigo (above)
Scalded Skin
Furuncle (below)
Syndrome (SSSS)
Staphylococcus
Pin head sized colonies with beta- Cutaneous Anthrax Pulmonary Anthrax
hemolysis on blood agar Aka Hide Porter's disease Aka Wool Sorter's disease
Page 107 of 117 Page 108 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Clostridium Mycobacterium leprae
T
Robertson Cooked Meat Causes Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
Medium ZN staining- 5% acid-fast with Cigar
Stately motility bundle shape arrangement
Grows in foot pad of nine banded
armadillo (image)
Gas Gangrene (Cl.

welchii/perfringens)
Ptosis
Botulism (Cl. botulinum) Opisthotonus Tuberculoid Leprosy Borderline Leprosy Lepromatous leprosy
Tetanus (Cl. tetani)
Granuloma Inguinale
Rhinoscleroma (K. (Donovanosis)
rhinoscleromatis) K. granulomatis
Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain

20% acid-fast M.TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Klebsiella

Rough, tough and buff colonies on LJ Aka Fried Lander's bacilli
media Urease positive
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Gohn's and Ranke's complex on CXR- Bulging fissure sign
Chest X-ray Red currant jelly sputum
Page 109 of 117 Page 110 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae on TCBS media
Darting motility
Rice Watery Diarrhea
Transport- VR media
Classical and Eltor types
Salmonella typhi
Jet Black colonies
Causes Typhoid/Enteric
fever
Pea soup diarrhea
(image)
Rose spots (image)
Yersinia pestis Longitudinal ulcers in
Wayson stain- Bipolar staining GIT
Spirochaetes (Safety pin app)
Classification based in flagella
Haemophilus influenzae Legionella

BCYE (Buffered Charcoal
Blood agar- Satellitism
Yeast Extract) Media
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nutrient agar Mechanism of Gene Transfer
Page 111 of 117 Page 112 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Inclusion Bodies
T
Bacterial Growth Curve
Cytomegalovirus Infection
Owl Eye inclusion bodies
Rabies
Negri Bodies
Measles
Warthin Finkeldey Giant Cells
Virology
Adenovirus-Space Rabies virus- Bullet Ebola virus- Filamentous

Vehicle shape shaped
Molluscum Contagiosum
Pox virus (Brick shaped)
Pearly umblicated papules
Henderson Peterson bodies
Erythema Infectiosum
Aka 5th disease
Influenza virus structure Parvo virus B 19
HIV structure
Slapped Cheek appearance
Page 113 of 117 Page 114 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
/N
EX
Herpes Virus
T
Mumps
Epidemic parotitis
IP- 14-21days
Vaccine strain- Jerryl Lynn
HSV 1 (Oral Herpes) HSV 2 (Genital Herpes)
Rubella
Aka German Measles
IP- 14-21days
Vaccine strain- RA 27/3
Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Herpes Zoster

Ophthalmicus
COVID-19 (SARS CoV2)

Novel Corona Virus
Hand Foot Mouth Disease
Coxsackie virus
AnoGenital Warts
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Page 115 of 117 Page 116 of 117

DP
GI
FM
GE
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
/N
EX
T
Page 117 of 117

DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Bone Age Estimation
GE
Short Stature
/N
EX
T
3 year old 10 year old
For Bone Age estimation-
In neonates- Xray Knees
In infants- Xray Shoulder
1-13 years- Hand and Wrist Xray
Syndromes Dentition Abnormalities

Alagille Syndrome Cleidocranial Dysostosis
Neonatal cholestasis Absent clavicles
Pulmonary stenosis Delayed closure of anterior
Butterfly vertebra (image) fontanelle
Triangular facies (image) Delayed dentition
Supernumerary teeth
Seckel Syndrome
Microcephaly
Elongated bird-like face
Beak like nose Congenital Syphilis
Dwarfism Hutchinson's triad-
Hutchinson's Teeth (Pegged Central
Incisors)
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Interstitial Keratitis
Aka Brittle Bone Disease/Dentinogerous Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Imperfecta
Triad-
Recurrent Fractures/Bony deformity Pierre Robin Sequence
Blue Sclera Natal teeth (Born with teeth)
Deafness
Page 1 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Achondroplasia
GE
/N
EX
T
Autosomal Dominant
Champagne Glass Pelvis (Xray)
Hand abnormality (Trident Hand)
Obesity
Neurological problems
Delayed motor milestones
Recognised at birth
bOwing of legs
Proximal limb shortening
LArge head
Short stature
Increase interpedicular distance
Abnormal gene FGFR-3
Page 2 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Pica
/N
EX
Bed Alarm
T
Technique
Used for Nocturnal
Enuresis
Rett's syndrome
X linked dominant
MC in girls
Acquired microcephaly
Autistic symptoms
Autism
Rooting reflex Moro's Reflex

32 weeks IUL to 1 month 28-37 weeks of IUL to 5-6
postnatal age month postnatal age
Asymmetric Tonic
Neck Reflex
35 weeks of IUL to 5-
Gestational age to Birth months postnatal age
weight
Palmer/Grasp Reflex Parachute Reflex
Orchidometer 28 weeks of IUL to 3 7-8 months postnatal age and Primitive
Used to measure testicular volume months persists throughout life Reflexes
Page 3 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Neonatal Resuscitation
Pre-Term Neonate
Extended posture
Incubator Scarf sign
Acrocyanosis
Radiant Warmer Kangaroo Mother Care (Peripheral)
Neonatal Jaundice
Icterus in neonates has a cephalocaudal
progression
Kernicterus (Stained Basal Ganglia)
Photo therapy (Wavelength- 450-470 nm)
Capillary Refill Time

Normal <3 sec
Page 4 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Periventricular Leukomalacia
/N
Due to HIE (Hpoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy)
EX
Seen in pre-term neonates
T
Leads to spastic diplegia
Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Aka Hyaline Membrane Disease
Lung Bx- Eosinophilic hyaline membrane appearance
CXR- Ground glass haziness and air bronchogram
Transient Tachypnea of Newborn Necrotizing EnteroColitis (NEC)

Seen in term neonate 1. Portal vein gas
CXR- Fluid in interlobar fissure and pleural Hairy Pinna 2. Pneumatosis intestinal is
effusion Seen in Infants of Diabetic 3. Soap Bubble appearance (Diffuse
Mother Peritonitis)
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

C/I- Bag and mask ventilation
Pulmonary hypoplasia (Respiratory distress)
Xray- Loops of bowel protruding into thorax
Severe Malnutrition
Pneumoperitoneum
Rigler Sign (Double Wall sign)
Pneumoperitoneum
Football Sign Flaky paint dermatitis. Flag sign
Page 5 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
/N
Due to Zinc deficiency
EX
T
Pellagra
Due to Niacin (Vit. B3) deficiency
Cassal's necklace (image)
Ariboflavinosis
Due to Riboflavin (Vit. B2) deficiency
Angular Stomatitis, Glossitis and
Cheilosis (image) Sandle gap
Turner's Syndrome
Page 6 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Noonan
/N
Syndrome
EX
Normal Karyotype
T
46XX/XY
Edward Syndrome
(Trisomy 18)
Patau Syndrome
(Trisomy 13)
Beckwith
Wiedemann
Syndrome
Mongolian Spots Fragile X Syndrome

Resolves itself in infancy
Seen in LumboSacral region
Gaucher's
Collodion Baby Disease
Covered with a collodion membrane
Harlequin Baby
Erlenmeyyer Flask Deformity
Page 7 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
GE
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
/N
MC Vasculitis in childhood
Palpable purpura
EX
Renal involvement, Arthralgia/Arthritis
T
Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Vomiting
Kidney Bx and IF- IgA deposition
Duchenne's Muscular
Dystrophy (DMD)
Gower's Sign Pseudo hypertrophy of Calf

muscles in DMD
Seen in both conditions
Washerman hand
Potter's facies
appearance
Posterior Urethral Valve (PUV)

Dilated posterior urethra is
Vesico-Ureteric Reflux visible on MCU
Bilaterally dilated ureters and renal
Alport Syndrome pelvis on MCU (Micturating Cysto
MC hereditary nephropathy Urethrogram)
Basket weave appearance on Due to PUJ obstruction or PUV
Kidney Bx
Bilateral anterior lenticonus
Sensorineural Hearing loss
Page 8 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Rickets Scurvy
GE
/N
Scorbutic
EX
Rosary
T
Xray- Metaphyseal cupping, fraying
and splaying
A. Painful pseudoparalysis
B. Gum Bleeding
C. Petechiae
Wind Swept
Deformity Harrisons
Sulcus/Groove
Tuberous Sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis
AD inheritance
NF1- Chr.17
NF-2- Chr. 22
Sturge Weber Syndrome

A. Port Wine Stain
B. Glaucoma
C. Tram track appearance on CT
Head
D. Intra-Cranial Calcifications
Page 9 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Cranioschisis and Anencephaly Hydranencephaly Arnold-Chiari
Rachischisis Malformation
Iniencephaly
Hydrocephalus
Dandy Walker Malformation Vein of Galen

Dilated 4th ventricle with cerebellar
Malformation
Lissencephaly Holoprosencephaly hypoplasia
Transposition of Great Arteries

(TGA)
Egg on String appearance
Sacrococcygeal
Teratoma
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary
Venous Connection (PAPVC)
Aneuploidy Scimitor sign
USG- Nuchal Translucency Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous
is a marker Connection (TAPVC)
Snowman or Figure of 8 sign
Page 10 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
/N
Left atrial and Right ventricular Boot shaped heart
EX
enlargement
T
VSD + Overriding of Aorta + Right ventricular
hypertrophy + Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
Coarctation of Aorta (COA)

Figure of 3 or Reverse E sign
Inferior rib notching
Eisenmenger Syndrome
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Box shaped heart
Left sided enlargement Due to reversal of shunt
Acute Epiglottitis
Tripod position
Endoscopy shows red swollen

epiglottis
Lateral X-ray- Thumb sign
Laryngomalacia- Omega shaped

epiglottis
Acute LaryngoTracheoBronchitis (LTB or Croup)
Steeple sign
Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Blueberry Muffin Rash
Salt and Pepper Retinopathy
Pneumonia Cataract
Pericardiac opacities PDA
Deafness
Page 11 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Omphalocele
/N
EX
T
Gastroschisis
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Thalassemia
Hemolytic Anemia PBS
Chipmunk facies
Hair on end appearance on Xray Skull
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Placental Separation
A. Schultze Central B. Duncun's Marginal
Bakri's Balloon Separation Separation
Placenta Accrete
Syndrome
B-Lynch or Brace Sutures Internal Iliac Artery Branches
Page 12 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
AntePartum Hemorrhage
GE
Lilley's Graph
/N
EX
T
• The graphs are plotted to
assess hemolysis in Rh
Kliehauer Betke Test Isoimmunization
Aka Acid Elution test • Done with Spectrometry
Placenta Previa Quantitative test of Amniotic fluid
Measures fetomaternal hemorrhage
Abruptio Placentae
Covulaire/Bruised Uterus
Revealed Bleed Concealed Bleed Due to concealed hemorrhage Queenan's Graph
Cardiotocography
Reactive Non-Stress Test Decelerations in Fetal HR
(NST)
Fetal heart rate should Early (Type 1)- Head compression
Variable- (MC) Umbilical Cord compression
increase >15 beats for 2
Late (Type 2)- Placental insufficiency
or more times in 20 min Sinusoidal- Fetal ania
each for >15 sec
Page 13 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Cervical Funneling Cervical Cerclage (Mcdonald's Stitch)
Ectopic Pregnancy
Blighted Ovum
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy

Blood in Cul-de-sac (image)
Signs of peritoneal hemorrhage

(image)
Abortions
Chorionicity Scan Mode of Twin presentation and

(12-13 weeks)
• Dichorionic Diamniotic - Delivery
Twin Peak or Lambda Sign • Both cephalic/vertex- Normal Delivery
• Monochorionic • 1st Cephalic and 2nd Breech- Normal
Diamniotic- T-sign Delivery
• Both Breech/Transverse- Elective C-
section
Page 14 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Partial Mole
Pomeroy's Technique Parklands Technique Irving Procedure
Tubal
Rings/Bands
Clips
Complete/Vesicular Mole
USG- Snowstorm app
Gross- Grape-like clusters
Uchida's Procedure Cauterization Essure Ring
Partogram
We can monitor progress of labour
(cervical dilatation and descent of head),
FHR, Liquor, Contractions, PR, BP, Temp,
Urine output, etc
Double Decidual Sac Sign on USG

Indicates Intra-Uterine Pregnancy
Cardiac Output in Pregnancy

Starts increasing by 5th week and
reaches peak at 32-34 weeks
Highest immediately post-partum External Ballotment
Around 22-24 weeks
Page 15 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Perimetry
/N
EX
Diameters of Fetal Skull
T
Types of Pelvis
Diameters of
Female Pelvis
Delivery of After Coming Head
Loveset's Maneuver
Delivery of extended arms
Piper's Forceps
Pinard's Maneuver
Delivery of extended legs
Burns-Marshall Maneuver
Page 16 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Shoulder Dystocia Management Breech Presentation
GE
/N
EX
T
Gaskin's Maneuver
Stargazing Sign
Mc Robert's Maneuver Breech with extended
head
Woods Cork Screw Method Uterine Incisions

Zavanelli Restitution with C-section
Supports of Uterus
Adenomyosis
Gross appearance- Uniform enlargement
MRI- Lakes of endometrial blood
USG- Venetion Blind appearance Uterine Prolapse
Histopath- Myohyperplasia
Endometriosis
Powder Burn lesions/Blue
spots
Chocolate cyst of Ovary Transvaginal Tape
Page 17 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
Fibroid Uterus
T
Aka Leiomyoma
Perineal Tears Endometrial Cancer Staging
Cervical Cancer
Ayre's Spatula and
Cytobrush
Fusion
Defects
Vulvar Cancer
Key Punch Forceps- Used for biospy
Endometrial Biopsy
Page 18 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Trichomoniasis
/N
Colpitis macularis (Strawberry
EX
Vagina)
T
Green frothy discharge
pH >4.5
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Curdy white discharge
pH <4.5
Bacterial Vaginosis
AMSEL's Criteria
White creamy discharge
Clue cells
Whiff test positive
3 5 1 2 Fishy odour
Polycystic Ovarian Disease

(PCOD)
Aka Stein Levinthal Syndrome Ovarian
Diagnosis- Rotterdam's Criteria Tumors
Anovulation
Hyperandrogenism
+/- PCO look on USG
Serous Cystadenoma
echino
Bx- Psamomma Bodies
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Ambiguous genitalia
Mucinous Cystadenoma
Bartholin's Cyst Bx- Walthazard Nests with Coffee
Tx- Marsupilization Bean nucleus
Page 19 of 42
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
GE
Ovarian
/N
Dermoid
EX
Cystic
T
Mature
Teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Large polygonal cells with clear cyto and
dark stained nuclei
Schiller Duval Bodies Mayer Rokitansky Muster

Seen in Yolk
Sac/Endodermal Sinus or
Hauser Syndrome
Carl Exner Bodies Mullerian agenesis
Embryonal tumors Sperm Extraction Techniques
Seen in Granuloma Cell tumors USG- Absent uterus
Episiotomy Scissors
Ovum Holding Forceps
Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
Ritgen Maneuver Uterine Curette

Hegar's Dilator
Cusco's Vaginal Vulsellum

Self-retaining Forceps
Leopold's Maneuver Speculum
Hegar's Sign
Page 20 of 42
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FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Artificial Rupture of
Membranes (ARM)
External
Cephalic Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Version Done around 11-13 weeks of
Cordocentesis gestation
Around 36
weeks
Chadwick's Sign
Amniocentesis
Done around 16-20
weeks of gestation
Implanon
Culdocentesis
Implantable
Sampling from Cul-de-sac
Contraceptive
Asherman's Syndrome Naegele's Pelvis Robert's Pelvis

Intra-Uterine Adhesions
Absence of 1 sacral ala Absence of both sacral ala
ENT
Page 21 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Phonasthenia
/N
Key Hole Glottis
EX
T
Direct
Laryngoscopy
Laryngomalacia Bilateral Abductor Palsy

Omega Epiglottis
Indirect Congenital Glottic

Laryngoscopy Bilateral Adductor Palsy
Web
Laryngocele
TB of Larynx Laryngeal Carcinoma
Juvenile Papilloma of Larynx Dilated saccule (Seen in trumpet players)
Turban Epiglottis (B)
Mouse nibbled appearance

of left Vocal Cord (below Chevalier Jackson
image) Tracheostomy Tube
Blom Singer Prosthesis
PVC Tracheostomy
Vocal Nodules Tube
Aka Singer's/Screamer's/Teacher's Vocal Polyp
Nodules Electrolarynx (Artificial Larynx)
Page 22 of 42
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GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Zenker's Diverticulum
Heimlich's Maneuver Hypopharynx/Retropharynx/Laryng From Killian's
Given for choking opharynx Dehiscence
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Frogface Deformity seen CECT- Hollmam Miller/ Antral
Angiofibroma (JNA) in JNA Sign
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
(NPC)
Arises from Fossa of
Rosenmuller
Adenoid Hypertrophy Rose Position
Adenoid Facies In adenoid or tonsil surgeries Trotter's triad seen
Quinsy Retropharyngeal Abscess

Peritonsillar Pediatric airway emergency (D/D- Acute
Abscess Epiglottitis)
Hot Potato Voice Imaging- Widening of prevertebral
shadiw
Pre-Vertebral Abscess
Due to TB Cervical Spine
Imaging- Widening of
prevertebral space +
erosion of cervical
vertebral bodies
Parapharyngeal Abscess
Similar picture to Quinsy with neck swelling Tongue Carcinoma
Image of Oropharynx (A)- Abscess MC site- Lateral border of tongue
India MC- Gingivobuccal Sulcus
Page 23 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Rhinophyma LeForte's fracture
/N
Aka Potato Nose Mid face fractures
EX
Hypertrophy of sebaceous 1. Transverse
T
glands 2. Pyramidal
3. Craniofacial Dysjunction
Walsham forceps- Closed

reduction of nasal bone
fracture
Saddle Nose
Seen in Leprosy/Syphilis
Nasal Septum fracture Nasal Bone Fracture

Nasal Myiasis A. Jarjaway- Horizontal MC fractured bone of face Ash Forceps- Reduction of
Presence of maggots B. Chevallet- Vertical nasal septum fractures
Rhinolith
Nasal Endoscopy Anterior Rhinoscopy and Anterior Rhinoscope

Lateral View Water's view Caldwell view
Posterior X-ray Skull
Rhinoscopy
and Posterior
Rhinoscope
Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma Ohngren's Line Weber Fergusson

RF- Nickel or Furniture hardwood dust To assess prognosis approach
exposure of Maxillary Sinus Ca
For Total
Ethmoidal Nasal Polyp
Maxillectomy
Page 24 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Deviated Nasal
/N
Septum (DNS)
EX
T
Rhinoscleroma
Aka Woody Nose
Mucormycosis Atrophic Rhinitis Due to Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Seen in diabetics/HIV +ve Aka Ozeana (Frisch bacillus)
Wide roomy cavities filled with Bx- Russel Bodies and Mikulicz Cells
crusts
Septal Hematoma Merciful Anosmia
Bilateral
Rhinosporidiosis
Due to Rhinosporidium
Due to trauma
seeberi (aquatic
protozoa)
Can progress to Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy Mulberry like nasal mass
abscess and Seen in DNS
perforation
Mulberry appearance of Nasal Mucosa Epistaxis
A- Anterior Nasal Packing
B. Posterior Nasal Packing
Otomycosis
Due to Aspergillus
niger
Wet newspaper
appearance
Hillocks of His
Precursor of pinna (6)
Landmarks of Tympanic Membrane
(Myring)
TM
Darwin's Tubercle Malignant Otitis Perforation
Externa
Aka Skull Base
Ear Syringing Osteomylelitis
Grommet Insertion
Due to Pseudomonas
Posterosuperior direction Done in Glue
aeuginosa Retraction Pocket Cholesteatoma
Ear/Serous Otitis Media
Page 25 of 42
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GE
/N
EX
T
Bithermal Caloric Test
Acute Suppurative Mac Evan's Triangle (Suprameatal Traingle)
Otitis Media (ASOM) Surgical landmark for Mastoid Antrum
Brainstem Evoked Response

Audiometry (BERA)
Ironing of mastoid surface Pediatric patients
Acute Mastoditis Malingerers Oto Acoustic Emissions (OAE)
Seen in Acute Mastoditis
Used in Neonates
Tympanometry
A- Normal
Ad- Ossicular dislocation
As- Otosclerosis
B- Perforation of TM
C- Eustachian Tube Blockage Lateral Sinus / Sigmoid Siegel's Speculum
Sinus Thrombosis
Schirmer's Test
CT- Delta Sign
Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA)

Aka Audiogram
Age Induced Hearing

Ossicular Replacement
Loss (Presbyacusis)
Prosthesis (ORP) SenosiNeural Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss
Slopping Audiogram
Partial(PORP) and
(SNHL) (CHL)
Noise Induced Hearing Loss Total(TORP)
Normal Acoustic Dip at 4000 Hz
Page 26 of 42
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FM
GE
Glomus Jugulare
/N
Phelp Sign- CT
EX
Rising Sun Sign
T
Brown Sign on
Siegelisation
Stapes Piston
Schwartz Sign Prosthesis
Aka Flamingo pink appearance Fixed stapes is replaced in Phelp Sign
Seen in early stages of Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis
Carhart's Notch
Acoustic dip at 2000 Hz on Audiogram in Meniere's Disease
Otosclerosis Acoustic Neuroma Aka Endolymohatic Hydrops
Aka Vestibular Schwannoma
MC Cerebello-Pontine Angle Rising Audiogram
tumor Recruitment phenomenon
8th nerve Heinnebert's Sign
Tullio's phenomenon
Tumarkin's Crisis
Cochlear Implant Diplacusis
Done in B/L profound
Otoscope
hearing loss
Joll's Thyroid Self-

Surgical Self-Retaining Proctoscope
Retaining Retractor
Retractor
Surgery
Deaver's Retractor
Morris Retractor Doyen's Retractor
Page 27 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Allis Tissue Forceps Babcock's Tissue Forceps
Thyroglossal Cyst Thyroglossal Fistula Lingual Ectopic Thyroid
Lagenback's
Artery Forceps
Retractor
Towel clip
Mayo Scissor
Branchial Cyst Ludwig's Angina Pleomorphic Adenoma
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes tumor Fibroadenoma Breast on

Esophageal Eosinophilic Histopath
Candidiasis Esophagitis
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Mondor's Breast Abscess Peau'd Orange Fibroadenoma

Disease Mastitis Seen in Breast Breast on
Leukoplakia Erythroplakia Cancer Mammography
Page 28 of 42
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FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Venous Ulcer Arterial Ulcer Neuropathic Pressure Ulcer Marjolin's
Ulcer Ulcer
Negative Pressure
Wound Therapy
Pneumatic
Compression Stockings
Dance Sign Varicose Veins
Empty Right Iliac Fossa
Menetriers
Disease
Congenital Hypertrohic Pyloric Stenosis (CHPS) Single Bubble Sign (CHPS)

Congenital
Diaphragmatic
Hernia
X-ray- Bowel loops in
thorax Nissen's 360°
Scaphoid Abdomen Fundoplication
Done for GERD
TracheoEsophageal
Fistula with
Double Bubble Sign Triple Bubble Sign Multiple Bubble Sign
Esophageal Atresia Duodenal Atresia Jejunal Atresia Ileal Atresia
Page 29 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Diverticulosis on
/N
Colonoscopy
EX
T
Ischemic Colitis PseudoMembranous Gastric Ulcers
Thumb Print Sign Colitis Filling Defects
Thumb Print Sign
String Sign of Kantor Lead Pipe Colon Saw tooth appearance
Hirschprung Disease
Aka Colonic Agangliosis
Pulled Up Caecum Goose Neck Deformity Dilated proximal and collapsed distal
segment of colon
Ileocecal Tuberculosis
Toxic Megacolon
Esophageal Schatzki Zenker's Diverticulum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis
Ring
Achalasia Cardia
Bird Beak appearance
Esophageal
Carcinoma
Sigmoid Volvulus Rat tail appearance
Pneumoperitoneum Metastasis from Gastric Cancer

Cupola Sign Sister Mary Jospeh Nodule (Periumbilical)
Aka Meniscus Sign
Generalized Peritonitis Virchow's Node/Troisier's Sign (Left
Supraclavicular LN)
Soap Bubble appearance
Page 30 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Bariatric Surgeries Hernia Umbilical Hernia
GE
/N
EX
T
Mesh used in
hernia repair
Stomas
Modified Blair Incision Maydl's Hernia Types of Indirect Inguinal

For Parotidectomy Loop of intestine Richter's Hernia
Hernia
Hemorrhoids Fistula In Ano Acute Appendicitis
Pilonidal Sinus
Rectal Prolapse Aka Jeep Driver's
Bottom's Disease
Page 31 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Acute Pancreatitis Acute Hemorrhagic
Pancreatitis
Colon CutOff Sign

Blumberg Sign
Pancreatitis
Acute Cholecystitis
Gall Stone
Acoustic Shadow Fogarty's Catheter Atherosclerosis of
on USG Gall Bladder Cancer Coronary Vessels
USG and Gross app
Gall Stone Ileus

Rigler's Triad-
Pneumobilia
Gall stone impacted
in intestine
Small bowel Aortic Dissection Abdominal Aortic
Porcelain Gall Bladder obstruction Tennis Ball Sign Aneurysm
Premalignant Crescent Sign
Page 32 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Choledochal Cyst
GE
/N
EX
T
Cholesterosis of Gall
Neurogenic Bladder
Bladder
Christmas/Fir Tree appearance
Strawberry Gall Bladder Extra-Peritoneal Intra-Peritoneal
Bladder Rupture Bladder Rupture
Tear Drop Bladder Sunburst appearance
Giant Bladder Stone
Endoscopic Retrograde T-tube Cholangioram Hydatid Cyst

Inserted in cases of Due to Echinococcus granulosus
Cholangio Pancreatography
iatrogenic injury post- Water Lily Sign
(ERCP) operatively Serpent Sign Foley's Urinary Catheter
Anterior Urethral Rupture
Renal Tuberculosis- Moth Eaten Calyces Putty Kidney

Seen in Renal TB
Mechanism of Injury- Manhole Covers
Papillary Necrosis
Egg in Cup appearance
Medullary Sponge
Kidney
Thimble Bladder- Seen in Bladder Tuberculosis
Butterfly Hematoma PolyCystic Kidney Disease (PCKD) Paint Brush
Seen in Anterior Urethral Rupture X-ray- Spider leg deformity appearance
Page 33 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
HorseShoe Kidney
Hand Joining Sign or
Flower Vase appearance
Hydronephrosis (Right)
Duplication of Urinary CT- Kidney Stone Extra Corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Calyceal System (ESWL)
Drooping Lily Sign Done for kidney stones <4 cm
Bilateral Fish Hook Unilateral Fish

Ureter Hook/S-shaped Bilateral Ureterocele
Emphysematous Steinstrasse Staghorn/Struvite Calculus Seen in BPH Ureter Cobra Head/Adder
Pyelonephritis Phenomenon Triple Phosphate Stones Seen in Retrocaval Head appearance
Ureter
Osteoblastic Metastasis
Seen in Prostate Carcinoma
Metastasizes to vertebra via
Bateson's Plexus of Veins
Uroflowmetry
Done for BPH
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Page 34 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Fournier's Gangrene Bell Clapper Deformity
Prone for Testicular Torsion
Hydrocele
Trans illumination Test is positive
Hypospadias
Unipolar Cautery
Vicryl
Sutures
Bipolar Cautery
Catgut
Sutures
Dermoid Cyst
Purse String Sutures

Humby's Knife
Used for Skin Grafting
Sebaceous Horn
Zones Of Retroperitoneum
Zone 1 and 3 requires exploration
Page 35 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
Normal Skin Histology
GE
/N
EX
T
Dermatology
Birbeck Granules
Epidermal Melanin Unit Tennis Racquet shape Pilo-Sebaceous Unit
1M:36K Found in Langerhans Cells Inflammation leads to Acne
Nail Pathologies
Clubbing Koilonychia Aldrich Mees Pterygium

IDA and Plummer Vinson Lines Lichen Planus
Syndrome Arsenic Poisoning
Oil Drop Sign Thimble Nails Beaus Lines Muehrcke's Lines Onychogryphosis/R
Psoriasis am's Horns Nails
Trauma
Half Nail Sign/Lindsay

Nails Terry's Nails
Chronic Renal Failure Pemphigus
Page 36 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Miliaria (Prickly Heat) Hydradenitis Suppurativa
Inflammation of eccrine sweat
glands
Fordyces Spots Fox Fordyces Disease

Ectopic Sebaceous Glands Inflammation of Apocrine Sweat
Glands
Psoriasis
Scalp Psoriasis Auspitz Sign

Pinpoint bleed on removed of
Bukeley's membrane
Pencil in Cup
deformity
Seen in Psoriatic
Arthritis
Inverse Impetigo
Pustular Herpetiformis
Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriasis (Psoriasis in
Von Zumbusch (Flexural) Pregnancy)
Ds (Generalized)
Guttate Psoriasis Erythrodermic Psoriasis
Page 37 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Wickham's Striae
Violaceous Papules Lichen Nitidus Tzanck Smear

Diascopy
Ball in Claw appearance Acanthocytes in Pemphigus
Wood Lamps Examination
Tinea Capitis Pityriasis Versicolor Erythrasma Albinism Vitiligo Piebaldism

Green Yellow Gold/Apple Green Coral Red
Primary Nikolsky Sign- Pemphigus, SSSS

Pseudonikolsky Sign- Herpes, SJS, TEN
Absoe Hansen Sign (Bullae Spread Sign)-

Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
Segmental Vitiligo Contact Leukoderma
Page 38 of 42
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GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Nevus Anemicus Halo/Sutton Nevus
Lupus Vulgaris Scrofuloderma

Apple Jelly Nodules
TB Verrucosacutis
Aka Anatomist Wart
Mongolian Spots Nevus of Ito
Acne Rosacea
Becker's Nevus
Erythema Nodosum
Acne Conglobata
Sarcoptes Burrows Norwegian Sacbies

scaibei
Circle of Hebra
Asteatotic Nummular
Most prone sites
(Xerotic) Dermatitis
Dermatitis
Pediculosis Capitis-
Due to Head Louse Pediculosis Corporis-
(Vagabond Disease)
Due to Body Louse
Pediculosis Pubis Seborrheic Dermatitis
Louse Patch Test Seborrheic Dermatitis
Due to Crab Louse Cradle Cap
Causes Pediculosis
Page 39 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Atopic Dermatitis
/N
D- Head Light Sign
G- Dennis Morgan Fold
EX
H- Hertoghe Sign
T
Pemphigus- Histopath- Row of Tombstones app, Immunofluoroscence Fish net pattern
Bullous Pemphigoid
Hailey Hailey
Disease
Urticaria Pigmentosa Familial
Pemphigus Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Urticaria Aka Mastocytosis Angioedema IF- IgA deposition
Darier's Sign
Erythema Multiforme Epidermolysis Bullosa Primary Syphilis Secondary Syphilis Tertiary Syphilis
Target/Bull's Eye Lesions Pityriasis/Tinea Versicolor Gumma
Hard Chancre
Chancroid Donovanosis LymphoGranuloma

Pityriasis Rosea (Rosacea) Painful Soft Chancre Aka Granuloma Inguinale Venerum (LGV)
Indeterminate Pityriasis Alba Herald Patch Hemophilus ducreyi Klebsiella granulomatis Buboes
Leprosy Christmas Tree/Fir Tree pattern School of Fish app on Gram Pseudobuboes Chlamydia Trachomatis L
Non-aesthetic lesions Cigarette Paper/Collarette scales Stain Safety pin app of bacteria Fries test
Hanging Curtain Sign Macrophage- Donovan Body Groove Sign
Page 40 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Lupus Pernio
Sarcoidosis
Molluscum Contagiosum Condyloma accuminata
Pox virus Herpes virus
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Reiter's Syndrome
Aka Reactive Arthritis Butterfly/Malaria
Rash
SLE
Sclerodactyly
Geographic Tongue Seen in Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Vit. B12 deficiency Scleroderma Associated with Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
Acanthosis Nigricans
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Incontinenta Steven Johnson Fixed Drug Eruption
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris (TEN)
Pigmenti Syndrome (SJS)
Erythroderma with Napper Claires
Salmon Patch
Dermatomyositis
A- Heliotrope Rash Staphylococcal Scalded Skin
Xeroderma B- Shawl Sign Syndrome (SSSS)
Pigmentosum C- Gottron's Sign and Mechanic Hand
Page 41 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Seborrheic Keratosis
Actinic Keratosis
Page 42 of 42
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
History
Hugh Owen Thomas-
Father of British
Orthopaedics
Gave Thomas Splint (Femur

fracture)
Thomas Heel
Described Thomas Test
Types of Fractures
Page 1 of 20
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FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Aviator's Fracture
(Neck of Talus)
Chauffer's Fracture Side Swipe Injury Pattern/ Baby Car Chance Fracture
Night Stick Fracture Pilon Fracture
(Radial Styloid Process) Fracture Aka Seat Belt Fracture
(Ulnar Shaft) Intraarticular Tibial Jone's Fracture
Distal Humerus+ Proximal Ulna+ Radius
Fracture (5th Metatarsal Base)
fracture
Clay Shovellers
Bumper's Fracture Pott's Fracture Fracture
Tibial Lateral Condyle (Bimalleolar) Cotton's Fracture (Trimalleolar) Jefferson's Fracture (Spinous process
Fracture (C1 arch) of C7) Hangman's Fracture Burst Fracture
Knuckle Bender
Splint
For Ulnar nerve
injury Posterior Dislocation of
Hip
Dash Board Injury
FADIR attitude of limb
Krammer Wire Dennis-Browne Splint Cock-up Splint

Splint (K-wire) Maintains CTEV Radial nerve
injury
Anterior Dislocation
of Hip
FABER attitude of
limb
Aeroplane Splint
Brachial Plexus Ankle Foot
Milwaukee and Boston's Brace Taylor's Brace Orthosis/Foot
injury
For Scoliosis For T-L spine Drop Splint
Page 2 of 20
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FM
GE
Ankle Ligaments
/N
EX
T
Central Fracture Dislocation
Anterior Drawer Test Posterior Drawer Test

For ACL injury For PCL injury
Avascular Necrosis of
Femoral Head (B/L) Lachman Test
For ACL injury
Gallow's/Bryant's Traction
Titanium Elastic Nailing
Femoral Shaft # Meniscal Injury
System (TENS)
Done for MCL and LCL injuries
Congenital Talipes Equinus Club Foot Splint and Shoes

Varus (CTEV)
Pseudofracture/Milkman's # (Looser's Zones) Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)

Seen in Osteomalacia
Von Rosen Splint

Pawlik's Harness
Trendelenburg Test
Indicates weakness of Gluteus medius
Bohler Brown (BB) Splint and minimus (Hip abductors)
Page 3 of 20
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FM
Hyperparathyroidism Shoulder Dislocation
GE
/N
EX
T
Posterior
Anterior Inferior (Luxatio Erecta)
Light Bulb Sign
Subperiosteal Brown's Tumor
Salt and Pepper Skull Rugger Jersey
Resorption of
Spine
Phalanges
Austin Moore
Prosthesis Thompson's Sudeck's Osteodystrophy
Recurrent Dislocation
Prosthesis (Reflex Sympathetic Bankart's Lesion- Anteroinferior
Dynamic Hip Dystrophy) Attitude of Limb
Screw Hill Sach's Lesion- Posterolateral
Dugas Test Tests of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Hamilton Ruler Test
Myositis Ossificans
Hanging Cast Gun Stock Deformity

For Humeral Shaft Fracture Malunion of Supracondylar Humeral Fracture
Page 4 of 20
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Posterior
Fracture of distal
dislocation of
1/3rd of radius
ulnar head
Dupuytren's Contracture
Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture
Monteggia Fracture Dislocation Galeazzi Fracture Dislocation
Colle's Fracture
Distal Radius #
Dorsal Displacement
Dinner Fork Deformity
Smith's Fracture
Distal Radius #
Lateral Condylar Fracture of Ventral Displacement
Nursemaid's Elbow (Pulled Elbow) Garden Spade Deformity
Humerus
Scaphoid Fracture
MC site- Waist Mallet Finger/Baseball Finger
Image 2 shows AVN

of proximal part of
Scaphoid
Image 3- Scaphoid
Cast (Glass Holding
Position)
Bennett's Fracture Dislocation

Boxer's Fracture Intra articular # of base of 1st Rolando's Fracture
Tinel's Test/Sign
Neck of 5th Metacarpal metacarpal with subluxation at Comminuted # of base of 1st
To assess nerve regeneration
metacarpal
1st CMC joint
Page 5 of 20
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FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Saturday Night/Crutch
/Honeymoon Palsy
Wrist Drop
Pen Test Pointing Index Test/Sign

Phalen's Test Reverse Phalen's
Test
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Egawa Test Froment's Sign/Test (Book/Card Test)
Page 6 of 20
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GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Winging of Scapula
Due to Long Thoracic nerve (Nerve
of Bell) palsy Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans)- Picture Frame vertebra, Cotton Wool Skull, Sclerosis
Serratus anterior muscle is affected
and thickened cortex of bone (Bone within bone app)
Osteoporosis
Thinned out cortex
Fish mouth vertebra Ankylosing Spondylitis
DEXA Scan- t-score<2.5 B/L Sacroilitis (yellow arrows)
Prone to fractures Spine- Dagger Sign (Orange
arrows)
Bamboo Spine (white arrows)
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)

Facial nerve (Bell's) Palsy
Brodie's Abscess
Acute Osteomyleitis Chronic Osteomyelitis
Gout
Page 7 of 20
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GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Giant Cell Tumor Osteosarcoma
(Osteoclastoma) Enchondroma Osteochondroma Periosteal Reaction
Multinucleated Giant Cells in MC bone tumor of
Histopath hand
Soap Bubble appearance Ewings Sarcoma
Lesion extending up to joints
Unicameral (Simple) Bone Cyst
Fallen leaf sign
Aneurysmal
Bone Cyst
Pott's Spine Pott's Puffy Tumor
(ABC) Osteoid Osteoma
Spinal TB Due to Frontal Sinusitis
Radiology
Charcots Joints Bone Cutter Bone Nibbler Bone Curette

DM
Page 8 of 20
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FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Normal Chest X-ray (Lateral view)
Normal Chest X-ray (PA view) Normal Abdominal X-ray (PA view)
Normal CT-Chest
Normal CT Brain
Page 9 of 20
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GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Pneumomediastinum
Continuous Diaphragm Sign Pneumopericardium
Air around heart, above ribs
Pneumoperitoneum
Deep Sulcus Sign Surgical Subcutaneous Emphysema
Cupola Sign (Gas under Diaphragm)
Meniscus sign Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Pulmonary Edema Crazy Pavement Pattern
CT-Chest- Pulmonary Edema
CT-Chest- Pleural Effusion Bat wing appearance
Due to CHF
Hydropneumothorax
Pulmonary Venous Hypertension Pericardial Effusion

Stag Antler's/Reverse Moustache Sign Congestive Heart Failure Kerley Lines Cardiac Enlargememt
Page 10 of 20
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FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Lobar Pneumonia
Round Pneumonia Right Upper and Middle Lobar Pneumonia
Lung Abscess
Cavity with air fluid level
Acute Pulmonary Embolism Westermarks Sign (yellow star) and Palla's Sign
Hampton Hump Sign and Fleischner's Sign (black marks), Seen in Pulmo Embolism
Tree in Bud
app
Sarcoidosis CT-Chest- Mosaic Pattern

Glove in Hand app
Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy Pulmonary Hypertension
Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Page 11 of 20
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DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Tuberculosis- Ghon's Focus and Gohn's Complex Ranke's Complex
(TB)
Pancoast Tumor (P) Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome (ARDS)
Ground glass opacities
Miliary Tuberculosis Silicosis

Snow Storm appearance Egg Shell Calcification Canon Ball Metastasis Transfusion Related Acute Pulmonary Cavities
Snow Storm app Metastasis from RCC, ChorioCarcinoma Lung Injury (TRALI)
USG Abdomen-Starry Sky

USG-Abdomen-Gall Stones Small Bowel Obstruction X-ray and CT-Abdomen appearance Acute Pancreatitis Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Acute Viral Hepatitis
Neurotoxoplasmosis
Xray and MRI Skull- Soap Bubble appearance
CT Abdomen-Gall Stones Gall Stones- Mercedes Benz IntraCranial Space Occupying Lesion
Hepatic Abscess CNS Crytococcosis
Sign (ICSOL)
Page 12 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Brain Abscess
Meningioma Congenital Hip Dislocation
Seldinger Technique (Used for Angiography)
Spondylolisthesis Degenerative Reverse Rim and Rim Sign seen in Renal

Spondylolisthesis Infarction
Ivory Vertebra Fibrous Dysplasia Invertogram Hemangioma

Paget's Disease Bremstrahlung Reaction Orthopantomogram Imperforate Anus Polka Dot and Corduroy/Jail Bar pattern
Page 13 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Langerhans Cell Eosinophilic Multiple Myeloma- Rain Drop Skull
Histiocytosis (LCH) Granuloma (Multiple lytic lesions)
Pathology and Medicine
Osteoporosis Circumscripta Thalassemia Moth Eaten Skull

Paget's Disease Hair on end appearance
Metastasis
Myelin Figures Hydropic Change/Cloudy Swelling Caseous Necrosis (TB)
Fibrinoid Necrosis Barret's Esophagus (Columnar Metaplasia)
Page 14 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Von Kossa Black Stain Oil Red O Stain (Orange Red fat
(Calcium black deposit) Globules)
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NET) Apoptotic Bodies
Sudan Black Stain

Fat Globules (Black)
Langhans GiantbCells Lipochrome/Lipofuschin/Wear and tear

Seen in Granulomatous Diseases pigment (brown)
Perl's Prussian Blue Stain

(Bright blue Iron deposits) Warthin Finkeldey Giant Cells Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Cell
Measles SLE
Granulation Tissue
Durck Granuloma Stellate Granuloma

Cerebral Malaria Cat Scratch Disease
Page 15 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Bite Cells Spherocytes
Heinz Bodies (Orange) Hereditary Spherocytosis
Normal Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) Reticulocytes
Amyloid on Congo Red Stain (Polarized Microscopy)

Auto agglutination Sickle/Crescent Cells
Amyloid on Congo Red Stain (Red deposits) Apple Green Birefringence Cold Agglutination Sickle Cell Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia Alpha Thalassemia (HbH)

Hypersegmented Neutrophils and Tear Classical Reed Sternberg (RS) Cells Owl eye appearance
drop cells Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Inclusion Bodies
Naked Eye Single Tube RBC Osmotic Fragility Aplastic Anemia

Test (NESTROFT) Normal Bone Marrow compared with Popcorn RS Cells Lacunar RS Cells
No lines in Thalassemia Lymphohistiocytic HL Nodular Sclerosing HL
hypoplastic BM
Page 16 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
(CLL)
Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin's Lymphoma Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Plasma Cells Burkitt's Lymphoma

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Starry Sky appearance on Bx
Multiple Myeloma
Giant Cell/Temporal
Arteritis
Bx- Multinucleated Giant
Cells
Flame Cells Mott Cells Dutcher Bodies Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

Fibrinoid Necrosis with transmural
involvement
Polyangitis with Granulomatosis

Hairy Cells Frieg Egg appearance (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Thromboangitis Obliterans
Granulomatous inflammation
Hairy Cell Leukemia (Buerger Disease)
Page 17 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Aschoff's Bodies Monckenberg Calcification Curschmann Spirals
Rheumatic Heart Disease Arteriosclerosis Bronchial Asthma
Bronchiectasis Centriacinar Emphysema
Tree Bark appearance Wavy Myocardial Fibers

Asteroid Bodies
Syphilitic Aortitis Myocardial Infarction
Satcoidosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Lung with Keratin Oearls
Miliary
AdenoCarcinoma-In-Situ
Cardiac Myxoma Tuberculosis
with lepidic pattern
Malignant Focal Segmental Adult Polycystic Kidney

Acute Proliferative Anti-GBM Disease Kimmelstein-Wilson Nephrosclerosis Glomerulosclerosis Disease
Gloemrulonephritis (IF) Goodpadture's Syndrome Nodules
DM
Hexagonal Crystals
Cysteine Stones
Dumbell shaped Crystals Coffin lid shaped Crystals
Calcium Monohydrate Struvite Stones
Stones
Envelope shaped
Irregular shaped
Membranous IgA Nephropathy Wire Loop Lesions Crystals
Crystals
Calcium Dihydrate
Glomerulonephritis Berger's Disease Lupus Nephritis Stones
Uric Acid Stones
Page 18 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
Holoprosoncephaly Corpus Callosum Agenesis Ballooned Neurons
Pick's Disease Pseudomembranous Colitis Crohn's Disease (Skip Lesions) Nutmeg Liver
Groundglass Hepatocytes
Viral Hepatitis
Naegri Bodies Cowdry A Bodies Spongiform app

Rabies Herpes Encephalitis Prion's Disease Councilman Bodies
Viral Hepatitis
Meningioma
Psamomma Bodies
Hirano Bodies
Alzheimer's Disease Micronodular Cirrhosis
Macronodular Cirrhosis
Page 19 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
Trousseau Sign
/N
Caprpopedal Spasm
EX
(Chvostek's Sign)
T
Due to
Hypocalcemia
Myasthenia Gravis
Ptosis
Fluid Thrill
Pretibial
Myxedema
Plexiform
Hoffman's Reflex Neurofibroma Parkinsonism
Shifting Dullness Festinating Gait
Patience, Passion and Perseverance

makes a Physician!!
All the Best and Good Luck!!
Reflexes
Page 20 of 20
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
IRIS TYPICAL COLOBOMA
EX
T
EMBRYOLOGY
SNOW FLAKE CATARACT : DM
CATARACT
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
SUNFLOWER CATARACT: WILSON
/N
TRAUMATIC CATARACT
EX
DISEASE
T
STEINOPIC SLIT PIN HOLE
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
ENDOPHTHALMITIS
EX
T
SUPEROTEMPORAL SUBLUXATION :
NdYAG POSTERIOR CAPSULOTOMY
MARFAN
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
CONGENITAL CATARACT
/N
INFERONASAL SUBLUXATION
EX
T
BLUE DOT
CONJUNCTIVA
LAMELLAR/ ZONULAR
OPHTHALMOLOGY NOTES BY DR SHIVANI
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
CONJUNCTIVITIS MEMBRANOUS CONJUNCTIVITIS
EX
T
SUBCONJUCTIVAL HAEMORRHAGE
ANGULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
COBLESTONE PAPILLAE : huge papillae in VKC
/N
HORNER TRANTA SPOT IN VKC : gelatinous infiltrates of
EX
eosinophils and epithelial debris
T
PHYLECTENULAR CONJUCTIVITIS : fascicular ulcer with TRACHOMA SEQUELAE : trichiasis ,
a leash of vessel over cornea pannus
•
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
ARLT’S LINE
/N
OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
EX
T
PTERYGIUM STOCKER’ S LINE
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
BITOT SPOT
EX
T
CORNEA
KF RING WILSON DISEASE, COPPER DEPOSITION IN

LAYERS OF CORNEA
DESCEMET’S LAYER IN CORNEA
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
ARCUS SENILIS ACTIVE CORNEAL ULCER
EX
T
FUNGAL KERATITIS : FEATHERY
HERPETIC ( DENDRITIC) KERATITIS
MARGINS ,FIXED HYPOPYON
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
HZO FOLLOWING HUTCHINSON’S RULE
/N
LAGOPHTHALMOS
EX
: NASOCILIAR NERVE INOLVEMENT
T
SALMON PATCH : INTERSTITIAL
MUNSON SIGN IN KERATOCONUS
KERATITIS ( BLEEDING IN STROMA)
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EX
T
GLAUCOMA
GONIOSCOPY
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
GOLDMAN APPLANATION
/N
TONOMETERS
EX
TONOMETER
T
PERIMETRY : HUMPHREY’S
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
ACUTE CONGESTIVE GLAUCOMA :
/N
PERIPHERAL IRIDOTOMY :midperipheral iris hole
EX
CORNEA EDEMATOUS AND PUPIL MID DILATED created by NdYAG laser in ACG
T
BUPHTHALMOS ,large, hazy cornea, ADHERENT LEUCOMA : IRIS
lacrimation present PLUGGING THE DEFECT IN CORNEA
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
ANTERIOR STAPHYLOMA
EX
T
CILIARY STAPHYLOMA :bulge at ciliary body 2- 3mm
away from limbus . MC causes are scleritis and
absolute glaucoma
OCULOPLASTY
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
THYROID OPHTHALMOPATHY
EX
T
• AXIAL PROPTOSIS • NOTE BOTH EYES LID RETRACTION =
DALRYMPLE ‘ S SIGN
LID LAG IN THYROID OPHTHALMOPATHY = VON

GRAFFE’S SIGN RIGHT CONGENITAL PTOSIS
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
RIGHT LOWER LID CHALAZION = TARSAL CYST/
/N
HORDEOLUM EXTERNUM / STYE
EX
MEIBOMIAN CYST
T
ENTROPION LEFT LOWER LID ECTROPION
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
DISTICHIASIS : EXTRA ROW OF CILIA SYMBLEPHARON
EX
T
• TRICHIASIS DISTICHIASIS
ANKYLOBLEPHARON
MADAROSIS
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA : MC LID SKIN
/N
LEUCOCORIA
EX
CARCINOMA
T
SCHIRMER TEST FOR DRY EYE
RETINA
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
LAYERS OF RETINA
EX
T
RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETCAHMENT: HORSE
SHOE SHAPED TEAR VITREOUS HAEMORRHAGE
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
BOAT SHAPED PREHYALOID
/N
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
EX
HEMORHAGE
T
PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION
RETINOPATHY USING ARGON LASER
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
NORMAL FFA
EX
T
TOMATO SPLASHED APPEARANCE ( ISCHAEMIC CRVO) :
CHERRY RED SPOT ( CRAO)
HAEMORRHAGES ALL AROUND
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
CSR
EX
T
CYSTIOD MACULAR EDEMA RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
FLOWER PETAL IN FFA
HONEY COMB
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
SALT AND PEPPER RETINOPATHY: RUBELLA, SYPHILLIS ARMD
EX
T
AMSLER GRID ROTH SPOTS
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
PAPILLEDEMA ( PASSIVE DISC EDMEA IN RESPONSE TO
EX
PRESSURE GRADIENT AT LAMINA CRIBROSA)
T
NEURO
OPHTHALMOLOGY
PAPILLEDEMA OPTIC ATROPHY

DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
ISHIHARA CHART Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test
EX
T
IRREGULAR PUPIL WITH MUTTON FAT KPs
UVEAL TRACT
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
FESTOONED PUPIL hypopyon
EX
T
Mutton fat keratic precipitates
KERATIC PRECIPITATES
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
LISCH NODULES ENUCLEATION
EX
T
EVISCERATION
SQUINT
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
EOM ESOTROPIA : SEE LEFT EYE DEVIATED INWARDS
EX
T
EXOTROPIA: SEE LEFT EYE DEVIATED OUTWARDS RIGHT HYPERTROPIA
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
HIRSCHBERG TEST
EX
T
LEFT THIRD NERVE PALSY SIXTH NERVE PALSY
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
LEFT HYPERTROPIA (SOP) OCCLUSION/PATCHING
EX
T
Ck
OPTICS
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
/N
HYPERMETROPIA DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE
EX
T
INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE MADDOX ROD
DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
WORTH FOUR DOT TEST FOR
/N
EX
BINOCULAR VISION
T
TRAUMA
PANDA / RACOON EYE IRIDODIALYSIS

DP
GI
DPGI FMGE/NEXT
FM
GE
HYPHAEMA
/N
VOSSIUS RING
EX
T
8 BALL
BLACK BALL
HYPHAEMA

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DP

National Health Mission

Page 1 of 117 Page 2 of 117

Salter's Scale Age group - 6 months to 5 years

Page 3 of 117 Page 4 of 117

URC- 50th percentile for Boys

Green Zone is also ka ROAD TO HEALTH Mid Day Meal Scheme

National Family Planning

Page 5 of 117 Page 6 of 117

NIKUSTH- ICT based online tracking and surveillance

National AIDS Control

(NVBDCP) Screening by ERS Battery (ELISA, Rapid and

Programme includes Malaria, Dengue, Filariasis,

Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC)

Page 7 of 117 Page 8 of 117

Dial thermometer and

Page 9 of 117 Page 10 of 117

Ice Pack Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) 2018

National Programme for

To eliminate all causes of avoidable blindness

Page 11 of 117 Page 12 of 117

Pradhan Mantri Surakshit

National Iodine Deficiency

National Health Insurance National Tobacco Control Programme

Employee State Insurance

Page 15 of 117 Page 16 of 117

National Disaster Response Force

World Disaster Reduction Day- 13th October

Disaster Management Cycle

Page 17 of 117 Page 18 of 117

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala

UJJAWALA Yojana AYUSH

Page 19 of 117 Page 20 of 117

International Day of Yoga

Sir Louis Pasteur

Page 21 of 117 Page 22 of 117

Multifactorial Causation Theory

Page 23 of 117 Page 24 of 117

Prospective Cohort study

Analytical Studies BARRIER CONTRACEPTIVES

Male Condoms Vaginal Sponge (TODAY)

Case Control Study

Page 25 of 117 Page 26 of 117

Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (COCP)

Page 27 of 117 Page 28 of 117

Page 29 of 117 Page 30 of 117

World Health Organization United Nations (UNO)

United Nation's Children's

International Organizations Mosquitoes and Larvae

Page 31 of 117 Page 32 of 117

Culex Mosquito Mansonia Mosquito

Page 33 of 117 Page 34 of 117

Page 35 of 117 Page 36 of 117

Multiple Exposure, Point

Louse transmitted diseases -

Page 37 of 117 Page 38 of 117

2. Reduvid Bug- American Trypanosomiasis

3. Rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)- Bubonic plague