Lecture Notes in

BEED1
The Teaching
Science in
Elementary Grades
(Biology and
Chemistry)

Prepared by: Madel May D. Egera

Course Facilitator: Anna Maneleine Bajas-Caluscusin
Part 3: Teaching Methods for
Science Teaching for Science in the
Elementary School
B. Supplementary Method
1. Use of human/material resources
(community-oriented)
Use of human material resources
(community-oriented)
Human resources
There is a full range of human resources that are essential for
success. These resources include planners, administrators, teachers,
mentors, managers, and support staff. Here, we focus on teachers as one
of the critical aspects of human resource commitment.

Study after study shows that quality teaching is the most powerful
factor in student learning. There are three critical domains of supportive
interactions in good teaching: emotional support, organizational
support and instructional support.

What is Emotional Support?

It refers to the ways teachers help children develop warm,
supportive relationships, experience enjoyment and excitement about
learning, feel comfortable in the classroom, and experience appropriate
levels of autonomy or independence.

Emotional support includes:

1. Positive connection of teacher and students,
2. Low level of negativity expressed by teacher and students,
3. Teacher sensitivity to students’ needs,
4. Teacher regard for students’ interests, motivations, and points of view
 Positive connection of teacher and students

Positive interactions between teachers and their students

play an important role in determining student success. Research
shows that increasing positive interactions (e.g., praise statements)
and decreasing negative interactions improves the classroom
climate as well as student academic and behavioral outcomes.

Communication motivates the students to enhance their

abilities. It also encourages the students to work hard. Therefore, it
is very important and necessary that the teachers should
communicate with students in an effective manner.

 Low level of negativity expressed by teacher

and student
The way that that teachers communicate with their students
can positively affect the students' perceptions of school, their role in
the classroom, themselves and their abilities, and their motivation
to succeed (see Dobbs & Arnold, 2009).

Poor communication skills – and thus poor methods of

teaching – causes students’ comprehension levels to drop and may
affect their academic progress negatively. It could also lead to
students lacking motivation, disliking school, and believing
themselves to be unable to achieve. Therefore, effective
communication between teachers and students is extremely
important. It allows teachers to perform their job well, with positive
results for their pupils. An added benefit is that the class can use
the teacher as a model for improving their own communication
skills, which are critical for their development and future learning.

 Teacher sensitivity to students’ needs

Teacher Sensitivity is not about how “nice” or “caring”

teachers are; rather, it is about how teachers consistently
demonstrate awareness and responsiveness to children’s current
academic and emotional abilities and needs. Genuinely being “in
tune” with those that we support and educate is a goal worthy to
strive toward every day for teachers. It supports learners who are
able to share their ideas freely and challenge themselves frequently.
  Teacher regard for students’ interests,
motivations, and points of view
The degree to which teachers’ interactions with students and
classroom activities place an emphasis on students’ interests,
motivations, and points of view. Teachers demonstrate effective
regard for student perspectives by placing an emphasis on
students' points of view and by encouraging their responsibility and
autonomy.

What is Classroom Organization?

It refers to the ways teachers help children develop skills to
regulate their own behavior, get the most learning out of each
school day, and maintain interest in learning.

Classroom organization includes:

1. Behavior management
2. Classroom productivity

 Behavior Management
It refers to how well teachers monitor, prevent, and redirect
misbehavior. It is a series of steps taken to help guide individuals to
become motivated to change their actions and interactions. In
schools, this can mean helping students change their in-class
behavior, make better choices, or altering bad habits.

 Classroom Productivity
Productivity — how well the classroom runs with respect to
routines, how well students understand the routine, and the degree
to which teachers provide activities and directions so that maximum
time can be spent in learning activities.

What is Instructional Support?

It refers to the ways in which teachers effectively support
students' cognitive development and language growth.
 Instructional support includes:
1. Learning strategies
2. Concept development
3. Quality of feedback
4. Language modeling

 Learning Strategies
It refers to how teachers engage students in activities and
facilitate activities so that learning opportunities are maximized.

 Concept Development
It refers to how teachers use instructional discussions and
activities to promote students’ higher-order thinking skills and
cognition.

 Quality of Feedback
It refers to how teachers extend students’ learning through
their participation in activities.

 Language Modeling
It refers to the extent to which teachers facilitate and
encourage students' language development.
References:
 https://www.readingrockets.org/article/teacher-student-interactions-
key-quality-classrooms?
__cf_chl_tk=omYSEgQTNtA9BmocsK7.OVpAzyaMFECkRAd_aBG
q7FI-1663541451-0-gaNycGzNCL0
 https://educateachild.org/explore/barriers-to-education/resources
 https://www.cram.com/essay/The-Importance-Of-Teaching-
Strategies-In-The/F3ABJCHHLJ5XQ
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://im
perialwriters7.medium.com/the-role-of-material-resources-in-
students-academic-performance-
5d4455c03298&ved=2ahUKEwiW653l9KD6AhUgq1YBHY67BE4Q
FnoECCEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw23aBUD4Id9KtpG9mGw5fL6