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Logarithm SheetSolution
Logarithm SheetSolution
x 1 0
x 1
Domain : x 1 1 x 2
x [1, ) – {2}
log(x–1)3 = 2 (x – 1)2 = 3
x=1+ 3 ,1– 3
x=1+ 3
1
126. log4(2log3(1 + log2(1 + 3log3x))) = .
2
1
Sol. log4(2log3 (1 + log2(1 + 3log3x))) = ....(1)
2
2log3(1 + log2 (1 + 3 log3x)) = 41/2 = 2
1 + log2(1 + 3log3x) = 3
1 + 3log3x = 22 = 4
log3x = 1 x = 3 ; Put in equation (1)
x = 3 satisfies equation (1)
x = 3 Ans.
128. log3(3x – 8) = 2 –x
Sol. log3(3x – 8) = 2 – x .....(1)
9
3x – 8 = 32–x = ; Put 3x = t
3x
t2 – 8t – 9 = 0
t = 9 or t = – 1
3x = 9 or 3x = – 1 (Reject)
x = 2 ; Put in equation (1)
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x = 2 satisfy eqn (1) , x = 2 Ans.
log 2 (9 2 x )
129. 1
3 x
log 2 (9 2 x )
Sol. 1 ....(1)
3 x
log2(9 – 2x) = 3 – x
8
9 – 2x = 23–x = ; Put 2x = t
2x
t2 – 9t + 8 = 0 t = 1, 8
2x = 1, 8 x = 0 , 3 ; Put in equation (1)
x = 3 does not satisfy eqn (1)
x = 0 Ans.
x 2 2x 65 0 xR
Domain : 5 x 0 x 5 x (–, 5) – {4}
5 x 1 x 4
1
131. log 3 log9 x 9 x 2x
2
1
Sol. log3 log 9 x 9 x = 2x ....(1)
2
1
log9x + + 9x = 32x = 9x
2
1 1
log9x = – x = 9–1/2 = ; Put in eqn (1)
2 3
1 1
x= satisfy eqn (1) ; x = Ans.
3 3
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
132. log3(x + 1) + log3(x + 3) = 1
Sol. log3(x + 1) + log3(x + 3) = 1
x 1 0
Domain : x > – 1
x 3 0
log3((x + 1) × (x + 3)) = 1
x2 + 4x + 3 = 3
(x = 0, – 4) Domain
x = 0 Ans.
x 10 0
20
Sol. Domain : 21x 20 0 x >
21
2x 1 0
5 ( x 10) 21x 20
log = log
10 2x 1
x 10 21x 20
2 2x 1
2x2 – 23x + 30 = 0
(x = 10 or x = 3/2) Domain
3
x = 10, Ans.
2
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1 1 1
135. 1 log 5 log log x log 5
3 2 3
Sol. Domain : x > 0
1 1 1
1 – log5 = log log x log 5
3 2 3
1 1
3 (log10 – log5) = log + log x + log 5
2 3
x 1/ 3
log(2)3 = log .5
2
x 1/ 3 16
8= .5 x 3 Domain
2 5
16
x= 3
Ans.
5
1 1 1 1 1
136. log x log x log x log x
2 2 2 2 8
x 0
1
x 0
2 1
Sol. Domain : 1 x > 2
x 0
2
1
x 0
8
1 1 1 1 1
logx – log x = log x – log x
2 2 2 2 8
x 1
x 2
log = log
x 1 x 1
2 8
x x 12
=
x 1 x 1
2 8
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
Square both sides
2
1 1 1
x2 x = x x
8 2 2
3x2 – 2x – 1 = 0
1
x , 1 Domain
3
x=1 Ans.
x 0
x 0
x 0 x 0
Sol. Domain : x > 1
x 1
log x 0
3log 3 (log x)
– logx + (logx)2 – 3 = 0
1
logx – logx + (logx)2 – 3 = 0 ; Put log x = t
2
3
2t2 – t – 6 = 0 t= ,2
2
3
logx = , 2
2
x = (10)–3/2 , (10)2
1
x 3/ 2
, 100 Domain
(10)
x = 100 Ans.
2
(x 2) log(x 2)5 12
138. (x 2)log 102log( x 2)
Sol. Domain : x – 2 > 0 x > 2
2
( x 2 ) log( x 2 ) 5 12
( x 2) log 10 2 log( x 2 )
1
x 3, 102, 2 7 Domain
10
1
x = 3, 102, 2 Ans.
107
1
Sol. Domain : 1 – 2x > 0 x <
2
9log3 (12 x ) 5x 2 5
32 log3 (12 x ) 5x 2 5
(1 – 2x)2 = 5x2 – 5
x2 + 4x – 6 = 0
(x = – 2 + 10 , – 2 – 10 ) Domain
x = – 2 – 10 Ans.
1
log x = 1, – 1 x 10, Domain
10
1
x = 10, Ans.
10
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
t=1± 3
x 101 3
Ans.
log x 5
142. x 3 105log x
Sol. Domain : x > 0
log x 5
x 3 105log x
Take log both sides.
log x 5
× logx = (5 + logx) × log10
3
Put log x = t
t
(t + 5) 1 = 0 t=–5,3
3
log x = – 5 , 3 (x = 10–5, 103) Domain
x = 10–5 , 103 Ans.
142. x log3 x 9
Sol. Domain : x > 0
x log3 x 9
Take log3 both sides
log3x × log3x = log39 = 2
log3x = ± 2 ( x 3 2
) Domain
x 3 2
Ans.
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
log5 x 1
144. x 5
( x ) log 5 x 1 = 5
Take log5 both sides.
(log5x – 1) × log5 x = log55
1
(log5x – 1) × × log5x = 1 ; Put log5x = t
2
t2 – t – 2 = 0 t = 2, – 1
1
log5x = 2, –1 x 25, Domain
5
1
x = 25, Ans.
5
log x 7
146. x 4 10log x 1
Sol. Domain : x > 0
log x 7
x 4 10log x 1
Take log both sides.
log x 7
× logx = (logx + 1) × log10 ; Put log x = t
4
t2 + 3t – 4 = 0 t = – 4 , 1
log x = – 4, 1
(x = 10–4,
10) Domain
x = 10–4 , 10 Ans.
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x 2 0
Sol. Domain : x 0 x > 2
x 1
log x ( x 2 )
x 9 x 2 logx ( x 2) 9
2
x log x ( x 2) 9
(x – 2)2 = 9 x – 2 = ± 3
(x = 5, – 1) Domain
x=5
log 2 x log x 2 2
log x
148. log x
2
(log 2 x log x 2 2 )
log x
log x
2
log x
(log2x + 2 logx – 2) × log = log (log x )
2
log x log x
(log2x + 2logx – 2) × log – log 0
2 2
log x
log × [log2x + 2logx – 3] = 0
2
log x
log × (logx + 3) (log x – 1) = 0
2
log x
1 , logx = – 3, 1
2
(x = 102 , 10–3, 10) Domain
x = 102, 10, 10–3 Ans.
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x 0 x 0
Sol. Domain ; x 1
log 2 x 0 x 1
3 log 2 x 3 log 2 x 1 0
Put log2x = t2
3|t| – t2 – 2 = 0
|t|2 – 3|t| + 2 = 0
|t| = 1, 2 t = ± 1, ± 2 t2 = 1, 4
log2x = t2 = 1, 4
(x = 2, 16) Domain
x = 2, 16 Ans.
x 0
Sol. Domain : x 0
x 2 0
x 0 x 0
Sol. Domain : x (0, 1]
log1 / 3 x 0 x 1
log1/3x – 3 log1 / 3 x 2 0
Put log1/3x = t2
t2 – 3 |t| + 2 = 0
|t|2 – 3|t| + 2 = 0
|t| = 1, 2
log1/3x = t2 = 1, 4
1 1
x , Domain
3 81
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1 1
x , Ans.
3 81
2
152.
2 log x 5 3log x 5 1 0
x 0
Sol. Domain : x (0, ) {1}
x 1
2
2 log x 5 3 log x 5 1 = 0 ; Put log x 5 = t
2t2 – 3t + 1 = 0
1
t = 1,
2
1
log x 5 1 , 5 = x or 5 = x1/2
2
x 5 , 5 Domain
x 5 , 5 Ans.
x 0
Sol. Domain : x (0, )
x 0
log22x + 2log2 x – 2 = 0
(log2x)2 + log2x – 2 = 0 ; Put log2x = t
t2 + t – 2 = 0
(t + 2) (t – 1) = 0
t = – 2, 1 log2x = – 2 , 1
1
x , 2 Domain
4
1
x , 2 Ans.
4
log b x 2
154. a 5x logb a 6 0
x = b log a 2 , b log a 3
x 2log a b , 3log a b
1
155. log2 (100x) + log2 (10x) = 14 + log
x
100x 0
Sol. Domain : 10 x 0 x > 0
1
0
x
9
t=– ,1
2
9
log x = – , 1 (x = 10–9/2 , 10) Domain
2
x = 10–9/2 , 10 Ans.
x 3 0
Sol. Domain : x 1
x 1 0
x 3 3 1
log4 = 2
x 1 2 2
x 3
= 41/2 = 2 x + 3 = 2x – 2
x 1
(x = 5) Domain
x = 5 Ans.
x 2 1 0
Sol. Domain ( x 1) 2 0 x (–, – 1) (1, ) – {4}
(4 x ) 2 0
x 2 1
log4
2 = log4 |4 – x|
( x 1)
x 1
= |4 – x| = |x – 4|
x 1
Case (i) x – 4 > 0 x > 4
x 1
= x – 4 x2 – 6x + 3 = 0
x 1
x 1
= – (x – 4)
x 1
x2 – 4x + 5 = 0 (Reject)
x=3+ 6 Ans.
x 3 x 3
158. 2 log 3 1 log 3
x 7 x 1
x 3
0
x 7 x (, 3) (7, )
Sol. Domain : x 1 x 7
x 3 x (– , 1) ( 3, )
0
x 1
x 3 x 3
2 log 3 1 log 3
x 7 x 1
x 3 2
x 7 ( x 3) 2 ( x 1) 1
log 3 1
x 3 ( x 7) 2 ( x 3) 3
x 1
3(x – 3) (x – 1) = (x – 7)2
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x2 + x – 20 = 0
(x = – 5, 4) Domain
x = – 5 Ans.
4 x 0
Sol. Domain : x 2
2 x 0
2log4(4 – x) = 4 – log2(–2 – x)
log2(4 – x) + log2(–2 – x) = 4
log2 [(4 – x) (–2 – x)] = 4
(x – 4) (x + 2) = 24 = 16
x2 – 2x – 24 = 0
(x = 6, –4) Domain
x = – 4 Ans.
x 1 0
Sol. Domain : x (1, ) {0}
x 1 1
3 + 2logx+13 = 2log3(x + 1)
2
3 2t ; Put log3 (x + 1) = t
t
1
2t2 – 3t – 2 = 0 t = 2 , –
2
1
log3(x + 1) = 2, –
2
x + 1 = 32 , 3–1/2
1
x 8, 1 Domain
3
1
x = 8, – 1 + Ans.
3
9x 2 0
Sol. Domain : x 0 x (0, ) {1}
x 1
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
logx(9x2) × log32x = 4
(2logx3 + 2) × (log3x)2= 4 ; Put log3x = t
2
2 t2 = 4 t2 + t – 2 = 0
t
t = – 2, 1
log3x = – 2, 1
1
x , 3 Domain
9
1
x , 3 Ans.
9
2 x2
162. log1/2 (4x) log 2 8
8
4x 0
Sol. Domain : x 2 x (0, )
0
8
x2
(log1/2 4x)2 + log2 8 = 8
x2
(log2 4x)2 + log2 8 = 8
(2 + log2x)2 + 2log2x – 3 = 8
(2 + t)2 + 2t – 11 = 0 ; Put log2x = t
t = – 7, 1
log2x = – 7, 1 (x = 2–7, 2) Domain
x = 2–7 , 2 Ans.
x2 0
x3 0
0.5x 0
16x 0 1 1
Sol. Domain : x (0, ) – 2, ,
4x 0 16 4
0.5x 1
16x 1
4x 1
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
log0.5xx2 – 14log16xx3 + 40 log4x x = 0
Change base to 2
Put log2x = t
2t 42t t
– 20 0
t 1 4 t t2
1 21 10
t = 0 or 0
t 1 4 t t 2
t = 0 or (4 + t) (t + 2) – 21 (t – 1) (t + 2) + 10(t – 1) (t + 4) = 0
t = 0 or 2t2 – 3t – 2 = 0
1
t = 0 or t = 2, –
2
1
log2x = 0 , 2, –
2
1
x 1, 4, Domain
2
1
x = 1, 4, Ans.
2
4 2log 3
164. 6 (1 4 9 3
) log 7 x log x 7 , x Q
Sol. Domain :
x0
x 1
x (0, ) {1} & x Q (Given)
6 – 1 4 9 lo g
4 2 lo g 3
3
7 x lo g x 7
1
6 – (1 + 4 94–4) × log7x = log x ; Put log7x = t
7
1
6–5t= 5t2 – 6t + 1 = 0 t = 1, 1/5
t
1
log7x = 1, (x = 7, 71/5) Domain
5
x=7
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
165. log3(4.3x– 1) = 2x + 1
Sol. log3(4 3x – 1) = 2x+ 1 ......(1)
4 3x – 1 = 32x+1 = 3 32x
Put 3x = t 3t2 – 4t + 1 = 0
t = 1/3, 1
1
3x = , 1 x = – 1, 0 , Put in (1)
3
x = – 1, 0 satisfy eqn (1)
x = – 1, 0 Ans.
166. log3(3x – 6) = x – 1
Sol. log3(3x – 6) = x – 1 .....(1)
3x
3x –6= 3x –1 =
3
2
. 3x = 6
3
3x = 9 x = 2
x = 2 satisfy eqn (1)
x = 2 Ans.
1
x = 2, Ans.
16
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
2x 2
169. log 5 log 5
10 x 1
2x
0
x 2
Sol. Domain : 10 x > – 1
2 x 1
0
x 1
2x 2
log5 = log5
10 x 1
2 x 2
= (x + 1) (x + 2) = 20
10 x 1
x2 + 3x – 18 = 0
(x = – 6, 3) Domain
x = 3 Ans.
x 2 0
Sol. Domain : x (–2, ) – {–1}
x 2 1
1 + 2 log(x+2)5 = log5(x + 2)
2
1 + log ( x 2) = log5(x + 2) Put log5(x + 2) = t
5
2
1+ =t t2 – t – 2 = 0
t
t = 2, – 1
log5(x + 2) = 2, – 1 (x = 23, –9/5) Domain
x = 23, –9/5 Ans.
4x
=4 x=2 Ans.
2
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x 15
172. log 2
4 log x 1
2
8
x
0
8
x x0
Sol. Domain : 0 x (0, ) – {16}
4 x 16
x
log 2 1 0
8
x 15
log2 = log (x / 8) 1
4 2
15
log2x – 2 = log x 3 1 ; Put log2x = t
2
15
t–2= t2 – 6t – 7 t = 7, –1
t4
1 2(log x)2
173. 1
log x 2(log x) 2
1 2(2 log x) 2
Sol. 1 .....(1)
log x 2(log x)2
Put log x = t
1 8t2
1
t 2t2
6t 2 t 1 0
t = 1/3 , – 1/2
1 1
logx = , x = 101/3 , 10–1/2 ; Put in (1)
3 2
x = 101/3 , 10–1/2 Satisfy eqn (1)
x = 101/3 , 10–1/2
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
174. log2(4.3x –6) – log2(9x – 6) = 1
Sol. log2(4 3x – 6) – log2(9x – 6) = 1 ....(1)
4 3x 6
log2 x 1
9 6
4 3x 6
2 Put 3x t
9x 6
4t – 6 = 2 (t2 – 6)
t2 – 2t – 3 = 0
t=3,–1
3x = 3, – 1 x = 1 ; Put in (1)
x = 1 satisfy eqn (1) , x = 1 Ans.
1
175. log(5x 4) log x 1 2 log 0.18
2
5x 4 0 4
Sol. Domain : x
x 1 0 5
1
log(5x – 4) + log x 1 = 2 + log 0.18
2
1 1
log (5x – 4) + log (x + 1) = log (100 × 0.18)
2 2
log (5x – 4) + log (x + 1) = 2 log(18)
(5x – 4) (x + 1) = (18)2
5x2 + x – 328 = 0
1 81
x=–
25
82 80
x , Domain
10 10
x
2 4x 42x
1 = ; Put 4x = t
16 256
t2 – 32t + 256 = 0
(t – 16)2 = 0 t = 16
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
4x = 16 x = 2 ; Put in eqn (1)
x = 2 satisfy eqn (1)
x = 2 Ans.
x0
Sol. Domain : 5x 0 x – {1}
x 1
2
1 1
logx5 + logx5 + 1 – 2.25 = log x 5
2 2
Put logx 5 = t
t 1
+ t – 1.25 = t2
2 4
t2 – 6t + 5 = 0 t = 1, 5
logx5 = 1, 5 5 = x , x5
(x = 5, 5 1/5) Domain
x = 5, 51/5 Ans.
2 log x
180. 1
log(5x 4)
2 log x
Sol. 1 ......(1)
log(5x 4)
2logx = log(5x – 4)
logx2 = log(5x – 4)
x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
x = 1, 4 ; Put in (1)
x = 4 Ans.
4
181. 2 log 8 (2x) log 8 (x 2 1 2x)
3
2x 0 x 0
Sol. Domain : 2 x (0, ) – {1}
x 1 2 x 0 ( x 1) 2 0
4
2log8(2x) + log8(x – 1)2 =
3
4
log8((2x)2 (x – 1)2) =
3
(2x(x – 1))2 = 84/3 = 16
2x(x – 1) = 4 or 2x(x – 1) = – 4
x2 – x – 2 = 0 or x2 – x + 2 = 0
(x = 2, – 1) Domain
x = 2 Ans.
1 1
182. log 2 (x 2) log1/8 3x 5
6 3
x20
Sol. Domain : x > 2
3x 5 0
1 1
log2(x – 2) – = log1/8 3x 5
6 3
1 1 1
log2(x – 2) – = – log2 (3x – 5)
6 3 6
log2(x – 2) – 2 = – log2 (3x – 5)
log2[(x – 2) . (3x – 5)] = 2
(x – 2)(3x – 5) = 4
3x2 – 11x + 6 = 0
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
2
x , 3 Domain
3
x = 3 Ans.
x20
Sol. Domain : x (2, ) – {4}
( x 4) 2 0
2log3(x – 2) + 2 × log3 |x – 4| = 0
(x – 2) |x – 4| = 1
Case (i) x – 4 > 0 x > 4
(x – 2) (x – 4) = 1
x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
x=3+ 2 , 3– 2
Case (ii) x < 4
–(x – 2) (x – 4) = 1
x2 – 6x + 9 = 0 x = 3
x = 3, 3 + 2 Ans.
2
1 3
Square , (1 + 2log2x) . (4 + log2x) = log 2 x
2 2
Put log2x = t
9 2
(1 + 2t) (4 + t) = t
2
5t2 – 18t – 8 = 0
2
t = 4, –
5
2
log2x = 4, – x = 16, (2)–2/5 ; Put in (1)
5
x = 16 Ans.
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
3log x 19
185. 2log x 1
3log x 1
3 log x 19
Sol. = 2 logx + 1 .....(1)
3 log x 1
Put log x = t
3t + 19 = (3t – 1) (2t + 1)
3t2 – t – 10 = 0
5
t = 2, –
3
5
log x = 2, –
3
x = 102, 10–5/3 ; Put in eqn (1)
x = 100 , 10–5/3 Ans.
186.
log x 1 1 3
log 3 x 40
log( x 1 1)
Sol. 3 ....(1)
log(3 x 40 )
x 1 + 1 = x – 40
x 1 = x – 41
Square x + 1 (x – 41)2
x2 – 83x + 1680 = 0
x = 48, 35 ; Put in eqn (1)
x = 48 Ans.
187. log 32 6 log 32 2 = (log2 x – 2) log312
Sol. Domain : x >0
log326 – log322 = (log2x – 2) . log312
(log36 + log32) . (log36 – log32) = (log2x – 2) × log312
log312 × log33 = (log2x – 2) . log312
x 10 3 , 10 – 3
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
81 25 16
6. Value of 3 log + 5 log + 7 log is
80 24 15
81 25 16
Sol. 3.log + 5. log + 7.log
80 24 15
101
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
81 3 25 5 16 7
= log . . {Prime factorize}
80 24 15
312 510 228
= log 12 3 15 5 7 7
2 .5 2 .3 3 .5
= log 2 Ans.
7. f(x) = log10 x 2 . The set of all values of x for which f(x) is real is :
Sol. f(x) = log10 x 2
x2 0 x R {0}
Domain : 2 x2 1
log10 x 0
x R {0}
x 1 or x 1
x (–, – 1] [1, ) Ans.
x + y 2 xy 2 × 8 x + y 16
least value of x + y = 16 Ans.
10. A rational number which is 50 times its own logarithim to the base 10 is :
Sol. Let the rational no. be x
According to the conditions,
x = 50 × log10x
x
log10x =
50
By hit & trial, x = 100
102
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
a b na nb a b
13. If n then is equal to :
3 2 b a
a b na nb
Sol. n
3 2
ab
2n n(ab)
3
2
ab
ab a2 + b 2 + 2ab = 9ab
3
a2 + b 2 = 7ab
a b
7
b a
15. The number of zeroes coming immediately after the decimal point in the value of (0.2)25 is :
(Given log10 2 = 0.30103)
Sol. log102 = 0.30103
103
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
Let y = (0.2)25 ; Take “log” both sides
log(y) = 25 × log(0.2) = 25 × [log2 – log10]
= – 17.47425
Characteristic = – 18
Number of zeroes = |Characteristic +1|
= | –18 + 1|
No. of zeroes = 17
16. Simplify : 7 log3 5 3log5 7 5log3 7 7 log5 3
Sol. 7 log3 5 7 log5 3 7 log5 3 7 log 3 5 0
1
18. If log0.1 x 2 then 'x' belongs to:
2
Sol. Domain : x > 0
1
log 0.1 x 2
2
1
log 1 x 2
2 10
1
log10 x 2
2
1
log10 x 2
2
1
1 1
10 2
x 102 x Domain
10 100
1 1
x ,
100 10
104
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x 5 0
Sol. Domain : x 0 x0
x 5 x 0
log11 log 7 x 5 x 0
log7 ( x 5 x ) = 1
x 5 x 7
x 5 7 – x
Square both sides , we get x + 5= (7 – x )2
xx – 14 x
484
x Domain
49
484
x = Ans.
49
20. Solve for 'x' in the equation : ln(x – 3) + ln(x – 2) = ln(2x + 24) :
x 3 0
Sol. Domian : x 2 0 x > 3
2x 24 0
n(x – 3) + n(x – 2) = n (2x + 24)
(x – 3) (x – 2) = 2x + 24
x2 – 7x – 18 = 0
(x = 9, – 2) Domain
x=9
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
2. (a) If x = log34 and y = log53, find the value of log310 and log3(1.2) in terms of x and y.
2
(b) If k log2 5 = 16, find the value of k (log 2 5) .
Sol. (a) x = log34 = 2log32 , y = log53 (given)
x 1
log310 = log3(2 × 5) = log32 + log35 =
2 y
xy 2
log310 = Ans.
2y
&
12
log31.2 = log3 = log312 – log310 = log3(2 2 × 3) – log310
10
= 2log32 + 1 – log310
xy 2
=x+1–
2y
xy 2y – 2
log31.2 = Ans.
2y
(b) k log2 5 16 (Given)
2
k (log2 5) (k log2 5 )log 2 5 16log 2 5 24log 2 5
= 54 = 625
Solve for x (3 to 5)
3. (a) If log10 (x2 12x + 36) = 2
(b) 9 1+logx 31+logx 210 = 0 ; where base of log is 3.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
Sol. (a) Domain : x2 – 12x + 36 > 0
(x – 6)2 > 0 x R – {6}
2 2
Log10(x – 12x + 36) = 2 x – 12x + 36 = 100
x2 – 12x – 64 = 0
(x = 16, – 4) Domain
x = 16 , –4 Ans.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1
log2 + log2 = log2 + 2
log 2
7. Let a and b be real numbers greater than 1 for which there exists a positive real number c,
different from 1, such that 2(logac + logbc) = 9logabc. Find the largest possible value of logab.
Sol. a > 1, b > 1 , c > 0 (c 1)
2(logac + logbc) = 9logabc
Change base to ‘a’
log a c log a c
2 loga c =9×
log a b log a ab
1 1
2 1 9 ; Put logab = t
log a b 1 log a b
1 9
2 1 = 2(t + 1)2 = 9t
t 1 t
1
2t2 – 5t + 2 = 0 t = 2,
2
1
logab = 2 or logab =
2
largest value of logab = 2
2 3
9. Find the value of the expression .
log 4 (2000) log5 (2000)6
6
5 log 4 2 3 6 6 log8 3 2
10. Calculate : 4
5log4 (3 6) 6log8 ( 3 2 )
Sol. 4 2
= ( 3) 4
=9
1 3
log 9 log 6 3
81 5
3 2
.
log 25 7 log 25 6
11. Simplify : 7 125
409
81log 9 5 33.log3 6
Sol. ( 7 ) 2.log7 25 (125) log 25 6
409
92.log 9 5 33log3 6 log7 25 3log52 6
= 7 5
409
3
25 ( 6 )
= (25 (6)3/2 )
409
(25)2 63 625 216
= 1
409 409
log1/5 12 4 1
12. Simplify : 5 log 2
log1/2 .
7 3 10 2 21
log
5 –1
(2) –1 4 1
Sol. 5 log 21/2 log 2 –1
7 3 10 2 21
4 1
= 5log5 2 2 log 2 log
7 3 10 2 21
2 4 2log 2
7 3 2 log 2 7 3
=6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
2
2
13. Find 'x' satisfying the equation 4log10 x 1 – 6log10 x – 2.3log10 x = 0.
x0
Sol. Domain : x 0
x 2 0
2
4log10 x 1 6log10 x 2·3log10 x 2
0
2
4log10 x ·4 6log10 x – 2·3log10 x ·32 0
4·22log10 x (2·3)log10 x 18·32log10 x 0
4·22log10 x 2log10 x ·3log10 x –18·32log10 x 0
Put 2log10 x p and 3log10 x q
4p 2 – pq – 18q2 = 0
(p + 2q) (4p – 9q) = 0
p = – 2q or 4p = 9q
2log10 x 2 3log10 x (Reject)
Or
4 2log10 x 9 3log10 x
10log x 2
2 9 2
3 4 3
log10x = – 2 (x = 10–2) Domain
1
x=
100
2 a 2 b5
14. Given that log2a = s, log4b = s2 and log c2 (8) = . Write log2 as a function of 's'
s3 1 c4
(a, b, c > 0, c 1).
Sol. log2a = s , log4b = s2 log2b = 2s2
2 3 2 4
and log c2 8 3 log c 2 3 log c 2 3
s 1 2 s 1 3(s 1)
a 2 b5
log2 4 = 2log2a + 5log2b – 4log2c
c
3
= 2s + 10s2 – 4 × (s3 + 1)
4
2 3
= 2s + 10s – 3(s + 1)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
16. Given that log2 3 = a , log3 5 = b, log7 2 = c, express the logarithm of the number 63 to
the base 140 in terms of a, b & c.
Sol. log23 = a , log35 = b , log72 = c
3 = 2a 5 = 3b 2 = 7c
5 = 2 ab
log14063 = log(7×20)(9×7) = log (22 57 ) (3 2 7)
1
2a
= log ( 22 ·2ab ·21/c ) (2 2 a ·21/ c ) = c
1
2 ab
c
2ac 1
=
abc 2c 1
18. Prove that ax – by = 0 where x = log a b & y = log b a , a > 0 , b > 0 & a , b 1.
1
Sol. x= log a b & y = log b a =
log a b
LHS = ax – b y
1
log a b loga b
=a b
Put logab = t b = at
1 1
= a t b t
a t (a t ) t
a t a t 0 RHS
Hence proved.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
19. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a log3 7 = 27 ; blog7 11 = 49 and clog11 25 = 11 . Find
2 2
the value of a (log3 7) b(log7 11) c(log11 25)
2
.
Sol. a log 3 7 27, b log7 11 49, clog11 25 11
2 2 2
a (log3 7) b(log7 11) c(log11 25)
= (a log3 7 )log3 7 (blog7 11 )log7 11 (clog11 25 )log11 25
= 27 log 3 7 49log7 11 ( 11) log11 25
1
log11 25
= 33log3 7 7 2 log7 11 112
= (3)3 + (7)2 + (25)1/2
= 469 Ans.
log10 (x 3) 1
20. (a) Solve for x ,
log10 x 21 2
2
log(logx) + log(logx3 – 2) = 0
(b) …….(1)
log((logx) × (logx3 – 2)) = 0
logx × (3logx – 2) = 1 ; Put log x = t
3t2 – 2t – 1 = 0
1
t=– , 1
3
1
logx = – , 1 (x = 10–1/3, 10) ; Put in (1)
3
x = 10 Ans.
Let 5z p
p (6) 3
1
p
2
1
5z
2
z log5 log 2
log 2
z
log 5
log a x log5 2
x a log5 2
10 xy
21. If x, y > 0, logyx + logx y = and xy = 144, then = N where N is a natural number,
3 2
find the value of N.
x 0
y 0
Sol. Domain :
x 1
y 1
10
logyx + logxy = & xy = 144
3
Put logyx = t
1 10
t+ 3t2 – 10t + 3 = 0
t 3
1
t=3 or t=
3
1
logyx = 3 or logyx =
3
x = y3 or x = y1/3
xy = 144 xy = 144
4
y = 144 y4/3 = 144
1/2
y = (12) y = (12)3/2
3/2
x = (12) x = (12)1/2
x y (12)1/2 (12)3/ 2
2 2
(12)1/2
= (1 12)
2
13
= 12 507
2
N = 507 Ans.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
23. (a) Given : log1034.56 = 1.5386, find log103.456 ; log100.3456 & log100.003456.
(b) Find the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 3, when the base of
the logarithm is 7.
(c) If log102 = 0.3010 & log103 = 0.4771, find the value of log10(2.25).
(d) Find the antilogarithm of 0.75, if the base of the logarithm is 2401.
Sol. (a) log10(34.56) = 1.5386
Mantissa = 0.5386
log103.456 = 0.5386
log100.3456 = 1 .5386
log100.003456 = 3 .5386
If number > 1,
then characteristic = No. of digits – 1
Or
If 0 < Number < 1
then, characteristic = – (No. of zeroes immediately before decimal + 1)
(b) Let y = 6 15
take log10 both sides
log10 y = 15log106 = 15 [log102 + log103]
= 11.6715
Characteristic = No. of digits – 1
11 = No. of digits – 1
No. of digits = 12
25. Let 'L' denotes the antilog of 0.4 to the base 1024.
and 'M' denotes the number of digits in 610 (Given log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771)
and 'N' denotes the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 2,
when base of the logarithm is 6.
Find the value of LMN.
Sol. log10242 = 0.4 L = (1024)0.4 = (210)0.4 = 16
L = 16
= Let y = 610 , Take log10 both sides
log10 y = 10 × log106 = 6 × (log102 + log103)
Log10 y = 10 × (0.3010 + 0.4771) = 7.781
Characteristic = No. of digits – 1
7 = No. of digits – 1
No. of digits = 8
M=8
Characteristic of log6x = 2
x [36, 216)
No. of +ve integers = 180
N = 180
LMN = 16 × 8 × 180
= 23040 Ans.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1 log 2 (x 4)
5. =1
log 2 ( x 3 x 3)
1 log 2 (x 4)
Sol. =1 ….(1)
log 2 ( x 3 – x 3)
1 + log2(x – 4) = 2log2 ( x 3 x 3)
log22 + log2(x – 4) = log2(2x – 2 x 2 – 9 )
2(x – 4) = 2x – 2 x 2 – 9
x2 – 9 = 4
x2 – 9 = 16 x = 5, –5 ; Put is eqn (1)
x = 5 Asn.
1
7. log 4 + 1
2x
log 3 = log x 3 27 .
Sol. Domain : x N – {1}
1 x
log4 + 1 log3 = log ( 3 27)
2x
1
1
log4 + log 3 2x
log(31/ x 27)
1 12 x
log 4·3 log(31/ x 27)
4 · 3 · 3 = 31/x + 27 ; Put 3 1/2x = t
1/2x
12t = t2 + 27
t2 – 12t + 27 = 0
t = 3, 9 3 1/2x = 3, 9
1 1 1
= 1, 2 x , Domain
2x 2 4
x (No solution) Ans.
x
8. If 'x' and 'y' are real numbers such that, 2 log(2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find .
y
x0
Sol. Domain : y 0
2y 3x 0
2log(2y – 3x) = logx + logy
(2y – 3x) = logx + logy
4y2 + 9x2 – 13xy = 0
Divide by y2 and Put x/y = t
4
9t2 – 13t + 4 = 0 t = 1,
9
x 4
1, Ans.
y 9
9. The real x and y satisfy log8x + log4 y2 = 5 and log8 y + log4x2 = 7, find xy.
1 2
Sol. log8 x + log4 y2 = 5 log2x + log2 y = 5
3 2
x1/3 y = 25 ……(1)
and
1 2
log8 y + log4x2 = 7 log2y + log2x = 7
3 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
y1/3 x = 27 ……(2)
(1) × (2) (xy) = 212 xy = 2 9 Ans.
4/3
12. If p = loga bc, q = logb ca, r = logc ab, then prove that pqr = p + q + r + 2.
Sol. p = logabc, q = logbca , r = logcab
Add 1 both sides is,
p + 1 = 1 + logabc = logaabc
q + 1 = 1+ logbca = logbabc
r + 1 = 1 + logcab = logcabc
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1 1 1
logabca = , logabcb = , logabcc =
p 1 q 1 r 1
Add all,
1 1 1
logabcabc =
p 1 q 1 r 1
(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) = (q + 1) (r + 1) + (p + 1)(r + 1) + (p + 1)(q + 1)
On simplifying, we get
pqr = p + q + r + 2
Hence proved.
13. If logba . logca + logab . logcb + logac . logb c = 3 (Where a, b, c are different positive real
numbers 1), then find the value of abc.
Sol. Change base to “e”
na na nb nb nc nc
. . . 3
nb nc na nc na nb
(na)3 + (nb)3 + (nc)3 = 3 na. nb . nc
only possible when,
na = nb = nc or na + nb + nc = 0
a=b=c or n(abc) = 0
(Reject) abc = 1 Ans.
a, b, c are distinct
14. Let y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 16 – log212 · log248 + 10. Find y N.
= (t 2 6t 8)(t 2 6t – (t2 + 6t + 8) + 10
= (t 2 6t 4) 2 – (t2 + 6t + 8) + 10
= (t2 + 6t + 4) – (t2 + 6t + 8) + 10
= 6 Ans.
3
15. Solve the equation log4(x + 2)2 + 3 = log4(4 – x)3 + log4(6 + x)3.
2
(x 2) 2 0
Sol. Domain : (4 x)3 0 x (–6, 4) – {2}
(6 x)3 0
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
3
log4(x + 2)2 + 3 = log4(4 – x)3 + log4(6 + x)3
2
3log4|x + 2| + 3 = 3 log4(4 – x) + 3log4(6 + x)
log4 |x + 2| – log4(4 – x) – log4(6 + x) = – 1
|x2|
log4 1
(4 x)(6 x)
| x 2| 1
4 –1
(4 x)(6 x) 4
Case (i) x + 2 > 0 x > – 2
–(x 2) 1
=
(4 – x)(6 x) 4
x2 + 6x – 16 = 0
x = –8, 2
Case (ii) x + 2 < 0 x < – 2
4(x + 2) = (4 – x) (6 + x)
x2 – 2x – 32 = 0
x=1+ 33 , 1 33
(x = 1 33 , 2) Domain
x = 1 33 , 2 Ans.
16. Find the product of the positive roots of the equation (2008)(x)log2008 x x 2 .
Sol. Domain : x > 0
(2008) · x log2008 x x 2
Take log2008 both sides
log2008
(2008) · x log 2008 x 2 log 2008 x
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4 4 2 2
17. Find x satisfying the equation log 2 1 log 2 1 2 log 1 .
x x4 x 1
4 4 2 2
Sol. log2 1 + log2 1 = 2 log 1
x x4 x 1
x4 2 x 2 3 x
log 2 log 2log
x x4 x 1
x4 2 x4 2 3 x
log 2 log 2log
x x x 1
x4 2 3 x
log 2 log
x x 1
2x + 1 – 2 x + 2 x | x – 1| = 4 x – 3 + 4 | x – 1|
2x + 2 x | x – 1| = 6 x – 4 + 4 | x – 1|
Case(i) x – 1 0 x 1
2x + 2 x ( x – 1) = 6 x – 4 + 4 ( x – 1)
x – 3 x + 2 = 0
( x )2 – 3 x + 2 = 0 x = 1, 2 x
Case (ii) x –1<0 x<1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
2x – 2 x ( x – 1) = 6 x – 4 – 4( x – 1)
2x – 2x + 2 x = 6 x – 4 – 4 x + 4
2 x =2 x 0=0
x (–, 1)
x (–, 1] {4} Ans.
b a
loga 4 ab log b 4 ab loga 4 log b 4 · log a b
a b
2 if b a 1
19. Prove that : 2 = loga b
2 if 1 b a
1 1
20. Solve for x : log2 (4 x) + log (4 x) . log x 2 log2 x = 0.
2 2
4x 0 1
Sol. Domain : x , 4
x 1 / 2 0 2
1
Put log(4 – x) = p & log x = q
2
p 2 + p.q – 2q 2 = 0
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
p=q or p + 2q = 0
1 1
log(4 – x) = log x or log(4 – x) + 2log x = 0
2 2
2
1 1
4 – x = x or (4 – x) . x = 1
2 2
7
x= or x = 0 or 4x2 – 12x – 15 = 0
4
3 24 3 24
x= ,
2 2
7 3 24 3 24
x 0, , , Domain
4 2 2
7 3 24
x=0, , Ans.
4 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
x0 x0
3x 10 x 10
10 10
x , x 10, 10
3 3
20
y y 20
3
10 20
(x1 y) , or 10, 20
3 3
2. Find all real numbers x which satisfy the equation, [REE 96]
2 log2(log2 x) + log1/2 log2 2 2 x = 1
3
Sol. 2 log 2 log 2 x log 21 log 2 2 2 x 1 ….(1)
3
log 2 log 2 x log 2 log 2 2 2 x 1
2
log 2
log 2 x 1
3
log 2 2 2 x
2
log 2 x ; Put log 2 x t
2
3
log2 x
22
t 3 2t t 2 2t 3 0
t 3, 1
log 2 x 3, 1
1
x 8, (rejected) ; Put in (1)
2
x 8
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1 1 1 1
6. The value of 6 + log 3 4 4 4 ... is [JEE 2012]
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
Ans. (4)
1 1 1 1
Sol. To find 6 log 3 4 4 4 ....
2
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
t
6 log 3 ….(1)
2 3 2
1 1 1
t 4 4 4 .... ; t 0
3 2 3 2 3 2
t
t 4 , Square both sides
3 2
3 2t 2 t 12 2 0
3 4 2
t (reject) or t
2 3
4 2
Put t in equation (1)
3
1 4 2 4
To find 6 log 3
6 log 62 4
3
3
2 3 2 2 9
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
1 1
7. The value of is (log 2 9)2 log2 (log2 9) ( 7 ) log4 7 [JEE Advance 2018]
Ans. (8)
1 1
Sol. (log 2
9)2 log 2 (log 2 9) ( 7) log 4 7
Put log 2 9 t
2
log t 2 log7 2
t2 72
t 2 log t 2 2 t 2 log t 2 2
4 2= 8
8. Consider the statement : "P(n) : n2 – n + 41 is prime,. " then which one of the following is
true ? [Jee main 2019 (10-01-2019-shift-1)]
(A) Both P(3) and P(5) are true (B) P(3) is false but P(5) is true
(C) Both P(3) and P(5) are false (D) P(5) is false but P(3) is true.
Ans. (A)
Sol. p(n) = n2 – n + 41
n(5) = 61
n(3) = 47
QUESTION BANK
[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]
1 a b
Sol. a log 60 3
b log 60 5
1 a b 1 log60 3 log60 5 1 (log60 3 log 60 5) log60 60 (log60 15)
2(1 log60 5) 2(1 log60 5)
12 2(1b) 12 12 12 2(log60 60log60 5)
60
log60
15
60 log60 4 1
2log 60 log12 12
log60 144
12 5
12 12log144 4 4 2 2
log b c a logc b a
Q.2 Let ABC be a triangle right angled at C. The value of
log b c a·logc b a
(b + c 1, c – b 1) equals
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) ½
Ans. (B)
Sol. a 2 b2 c2
c2 b2 a 2
log b c a log c a a 1 1
log b c a log c b a log b c a log c b a logc b a log b c a
log a (c b) log a (c b ) log a (c b ) log a a 2 2
2 2
x 8 2 x
Sol. 0 and 2 x 3 31 0
log 0.3 10
7 log 2 5 1
(x 8)(2 x) 0 and 2 x 3 31
(x 8)(2 x) 0 and (x 3) log 2 2 log 2 31
x [2,8] ….(i) and x 3 log 2 31
we know that when base of log is a x 3 log 2 31
0 a 1, y log a x x 7 { log 2 31 5}
y 0, x 1 x (7, ).......II
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Logarithm
y 0, x 1
10
log 0.3 log 2 5 1
7
10 5
log 0.3 log 2 .2 1
7 2
10
log0.3 log 2.5
7
log 0.3 No. 1 no. 0
(x 8)(2 x)
0
ve
(x 8)(2 x) 0
(x 8)(2 x) 0 [ x 0]
x {2,8} …..(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii)
x {2,8}......I
intersection of I and II
x=8
x 1 x 2 2x 1
x 1 or x 2
Now,
x 1 0 ; x 1
Overlapping all the intervals, we get,
x2
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2x 2007
Q.5 Number of integral values of x the inequality log10 0 holds true, is
x 1
(A) 1004 (B) 1005 (C) 2007 (D) 2008
Ans. (B)
2x 2007
Sol. log10 0
x 1
2x 2007
10 Also
x 1
2x 2007 2x 2007
1 0
x 1 x 1
2x 2007 x 1 x 1
x 2008 2x 2007 0
2x 2007
2007
x
2
x 1003.5
Possible values of x are (integers)
1004, 1005, ……., 2008
2008 1004
x 1
1
1004 1 1005
Ans. (BCD)
Sol. 2x 2 2x a 3 0, x R
As D < 0, we have
4 4(a 3)2 0
1 2(a 3) 0
1 4a 6
5 2a, a 5 / 2
7 a 0, a 7,7 a 1, 6 a
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