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  • VOLCANISM

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    Meriza Cabacungan
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    The document discusses volcanism and volcanic products. It defines lava as molten rock and tephra as pyroclastic rock and glass fragments from eruptions. It describes different types of lava (pahoehoe, a'a, pillow) and pyroclasts. It also outlines volcanic morphology like different volcano types (shield, stratovolcano, monogenetic cones, dome, caldera) and defines volcanic eruptions as effusive or explosive, measured by the Volcanic Explosivity Index and Dense Rock Equivalent. The document outlines three types of eruptions: magmatic, phreatic, and phreatomagmatic.

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    The document discusses volcanism and volcanic products. It defines lava as molten rock and tephra as pyroclastic rock and glass fragments from eruptions. It describes different types of lava (pahoehoe, a'a, pillow) and pyroclasts. It also outlines volcanic morphology like different volcano types (shield, stratovolcano, monogenetic cones, dome, caldera) and defines volcanic eruptions as effusive or explosive, measured by the Volcanic Explosivity Index and Dense Rock Equivalent. The document outlines three types of eruptions: magmatic, phreatic, and phreatomagmatic.

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    4 views1 page

    VOLCANISM

    Uploaded by

    Meriza Cabacungan
    The document discusses volcanism and volcanic products. It defines lava as molten rock and tephra as pyroclastic rock and glass fragments from eruptions. It describes different types of lava (pahoehoe, a'a, pillow) and pyroclasts. It also outlines volcanic morphology like different volcano types (shield, stratovolcano, monogenetic cones, dome, caldera) and defines volcanic eruptions as effusive or explosive, measured by the Volcanic Explosivity Index and Dense Rock Equivalent. The document outlines three types of eruptions: magmatic, phreatic, and phreatomagmatic.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    VOLCANISM

    🡪 Magma + surface water


    🡪 releases water vapor, lava, and pyroclasts
    VOLCANISM

    VOLCANIC PRODUCTS

    VOLCANIC PRODUCTS
    Lava 🡪 molten rock, more degassed than
    magma
    TYPES
    Pahoehoe Rope-like, smooth
    A’a Blocky, rugged
    Pillow Contact with H2O

    Tephra 🡪 Pyroclastic rock and glass


    fragments erupted from volcano
    Pyroclasts 🡪 Individual pyroclastic fragments
    (ash, lapilli, block, and bomb)
    Volcanic 🡪 SO2, CO2, H2O
    Gases

    VOLCANIC MORPHOLOGY

    VOLCANO
    🡪 A vent, hill, or mountain where molten rock and
    gas is ejected.
    TYPES (SSMDC)
    Shield 🡪 Gently sloping, low viscosity
    Stratovolcano 🡪 Steep slope, cools faster
    Monogenetic 🡪 Volcanoes formed from 1
    Cones eruption
    Dome 🡪 Slow effusion and accumulation
    of lava
    Caldera 🡪 >2km diameter volcano, from
    collapse of a volcano

    VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

    VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
    🡪 Effusive (flows) or Explosive (explodes)
    Intensity is measured by
    Volcanic Explosivity Measures the amount of
    Index (VEI) tephra and eruption cloud
    height
    Dense Rock Measures amount of
    Equivalent (DRE) erupted magma, effusively
    and explosively.
    TYPES OF ERUPTION
    1) Magmatic:
    🡪 due to overpressure of volcanic gas
    🡪 releases magma + gas + pyroclast

    2) Phreatic:
    🡪 Near-surface water heated and evaporates
    🡪 releases water vapor and tephra (no lava)

    3) Phreatomagmatic

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