MATTER

CHEM 16

3) Time (s)
4) Temperature (K)
MATTER 5) Amount of substance (mol)
6) Luminosity (cd)
7) Electric current (amp)
INTRODUCTION TO MATTER SI Unit Prefixes
Prefix Abbreviation Factor
STATES OF MATTER Pico p 10-12
Bose-Einstein 🡪 Operate as a single entity Nano n 10-9
Condensate
(near absolute 0) Micro μ 10-6
Solid Milli m 10-3
Liquid Centi c 10-2
Gas Deci d 10-1
Plasma 🡪 Superheated gas (breaking Kilo k 103
all molecular bonds) Mega M 106
Giga G 109

MEASUREMENTS OF MATTER
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER
Energy 🡪 Capacity to do work in Joules (J)
Mass 🡪 Qty of matter in an object (g)
Weight 🡪 W = mg (g=9.8 m/s2)
Density 🡪 p = mass/volume
Percent
Composition
🡪
PURE SUBSTANCE ℃ to K 🡪 K = ℃ +273.15
Fixed composition and distinct qualities (1 particle) ℃ to℉ 🡪 ℉ = (9/5)(℃) + 32
Element 🡪 Cannot be further broken
down ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER
Compound 🡪 Atoms chemically united
MIXTURE DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
2 or more substances retain their distinct identities 1 Each element is composed of atoms.
Homogeneous 🡪 Uniform composition
Heterogeneous 🡪 Not uniform composition
2 All atoms of a given element are identical.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
1 Physical Chemical
e.g. state, malleability e.g. flammability, corrosion
2 Quantitative Qualitative
e.g. solubility, mass e.g. odor, malleability 3 Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
3 Intensive Extensive
e.g. MP, BP, pressure e.g. volume, mass

CHANGES OF MATTER 4 Compounds are formed when more than 2

Physical 🡪 No change in chemical identity elements combine in a definite ratio.
Chemical 🡪 Change in chemical identity
INDICATORS
✔ Color change
✔ Effervescence
✔ Precipitate
✔ Temperature change ATOMIC THEORY OF MATTER
Law of 🡪 Matter is neither created nor
Conservation destroyed (Total reactant mass
MEASUREMENTS OF MATTER of Mass = Total product mass)
Law of 🡪 A given compound contains
SI Base Units Definite elements in a certain proportion
1) Mass (kg) Composition (Limiting + excess reactants)
2) Length (m)
 MATTER
CHEM 16

Law of 🡪 A and B can combine in the

Multiple ratio of small whole numbers to
Proportions form more than one compound.
(NO and NO2)

THE ATOM

🡪 Mass number (A): #p + #n

🡪 Atomic number (Z): #p
🡪 Net charge: #p - #e
** Anion (-), Cation (+)

Isotope 🡪 Same element, different

neutron number (e.g. 235U and
238
U)

AVERAGE ATOMIC MASS