( ( (

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Selected Radioactive Isotopes

Table of Selected Radioactive Isotopes Naturally occurring

number
dicates
radioactive
in blue (although
an isomer
isotopes are designated
some are also rnanutactueeo).
01 anomer isotope
Letter m in-
of the same mass number
by a mass

.•.
, P5_3 "ilr
m 67 (6L88hllr .,Sb 124 (W.20d)/r ••w 181 1140~EC .,Po 231 p.26J<.10'l1o Half-lives follow in parentheses, where e. min. h. d, and y stand re-
,H 3 1l2.26yl/r ",In 65 [2M.ldiP+,E( 125 (2.7)'!P- 185 (7S.1diP- ..,u 233 (L59x IOJrlo spectivefyforseconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. The table
7 (53.3diEC .,Go 67 {78.2hlEC 121m(154d!rr 188 [69djll- 23< /2.44><10'ylex includes mainly the longer-lived radioactive isotopes; many curers
10 1'.6~ IO'yl Il- 72 (l4,IOh1P- 123m(119.7d)IT (5~ IO'°ylP- 235 17.04~ IO"yla have been prepared. Isotopes known to be radioactive but wilh
GROUP
,.lIe 167
l' 12040m"ip+ .,Ge 68 (275dlEC 117m(I09d)fT ,.Os 194 (6.0)'1 p- 236 /2.34)( IO'\'io. halt-fives exceeding lO'~ y have not been included. Symbols de-
14 (5730Yllr 73 129 (1(nlO\·ilf" mr 192 (74.2diP-,P+.EC aaa (4.£7~ 10·y!0. scribing Ihe principal mode (or modes) of decay are as follows
1/IA 18 1l09_B~r
:uAs
74
(80.3d)EC
[17.9d)P-,jl",K
>.>1
131 (8040dl/r rtAu 195 (163~EC .,N:p236 (llxlO'yjEC Ir (theseprocessesaregenerallyaccompaniedbygammaradialion)' 18NIII
133 15.25d)P-
'"
22 [2.602ylP,EC 75 [118.5d)P- 196 [6.18dJP",£(,P-
uNo
"'" •.•Xe f2:'4x 10'yla'
alpha particle emission
" "
[I5.02,*P- 79 (6.5xIO'yl/T 135 !9.IOhjp- 19' (2.696d)P- 2J9 f2.346dJp-
rr
."
He
1
1.00794
"Mg 28 [20.9hItr 82 [35.34hIP- "Cs 13~ (Hl6yj/T 199 [3.15dJf1- ...p,. 238 [8715ylo beta particle (electron) emission
2
4.00260
1,-1 p+
"
26 [7.2x IO'ylf3~,EC (2.1x lO'ylEC 135 (2.9xlO·yl~ oHg 203 [46.8d)P- (2.41 x 10'ylo. positron emission

H
20.28
"AI "'" 239
216
•• P 32 II4.26d)p- 85 (lO.72ylfr 137 pO.17ylP- ••n (3.77yjtr 2" /6.54xlO'y)a EC orbital electron capture
13.81 ••s [l8.7djP- "" 4.
0.95
'"
35 (87.2d) {r .Rb 86 112.80')p- 202 [3xlO'ylEC isomerictransilion from upper to lower isomeric state
S,
••Sa UO "Pb (3.8" 10'ylo: IT
36 13.01x IO'ylP- 87 [4.8xl0"ylP- (6x 10'I1K 205 [h 10'ylEC spontaneous fission al26atm
0.0899 t "a .s,
17W 137 2M [8.3x 10'yja
0.1785t
", 36 (37.2m~p- 90 {28.8y1P- tan [40.3hjP- 210 (22.3ylfF,a 241 j432yla

,..
••Am
37 (35.Q2d]K sa (I06.6dl/l",EC uCc 1M (2B.<ld){r .,Bi 207 (38ylEC 2<1 17.37xIO'y)1l tsa
16NIB
.Y
Hydrogen 2/11A "k
39 1265}'ltr
(L28x 10'ylEC ." 9)
95
11.5x lO'ylP-
{MOdjP-
•• Pr142
147
119.1hlP-
(11.1d)p-
206 (3.7xlO'}'lEC
210 (5.Old)r,o
••em 2t;2 !!63.2d)1l 13/111B 14/1VB 1SNB 17NIIB Helium
"K '0 ",Nd (18.12ylo

"'" ..... "" '"

112.36I1P- .,Nb 94 {2.0xIO'}'lP- .,Pm 145 (18ylEC 2!Om{3x 10"yla {1.55x 10'110
(6.941) 9.012182 .eo (165d)p- 95 (35.15d)jJ (2.62yjP- (2.90ylll 10.811 12.0107 14.0067 15.9994 18.99840 10 20.1797
3 4 I" 2" (3.5x 10'yJ c, Sf 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 ±4,2 ±3,5,4,2 ·2,·1 ·1
,," ao 183.80d)P-

e
.,Mo 99 (66.02hl/r .,Sm 146 p , lO'yja 20> [I02yla ••8k2A7 (lAx 10'yjll

0
1615 2744 "c, 51 (27.70d)EC .J, 97 {2.6xI0·yJEC 151 (93yjp- 210 (138.38d]0: ••CJ 2A9 (35lylo 4275 4675· 77.344 90.2 85.0 27.07N
453.7 1560 ,,1M 53 (2xI0"I1EC 911
~:~;~~~rJlp-:' .,Eu 152
(13yJP"',EC,p- uAI 20> (5.4I1EC,a 251 !'lOOn- 2348 3915· 63.15 54.4 53.55 24.56
0.534
[He]2s1
Li 1.85 Be
[He]2s2 .Fe
"ss (313.0d)EC
56 (2.578h1lr
(44.6d]{r
99
..." 106
••Rh 101
(367d) (j-
{3.3yJEC
'"(8.5yI P-
•• Gel 150 (2.1 x W'yla
•• 1b 158 !1.2~ 10'ylEC,lr ••Rn222
210 (El.1hjEC
211 (7.2IhjK,0
(3.824dJa
ooE5 252
253
2"
W2d)a
f20.AldJa
f276dJo
2.37
[He]2s22p1
B 2.26 C
[He]2s22p2
1.251t
[He]2s22p3
N 1.429t
[He]2s22p4
1.696t
[He]2s22pS
F 0.900t
[He]2s22pO
Lithium Beryllium ,,<- 56 (78.8d)P+,EC ••Pel 103 (170d1EC 160 (72.3dJP- .,f.212 {19.311"1i1i
EC.a \oofm255 (20.1hja Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
57 (270djEC 107 [7xlO"y\ P- .,Ho 166mll.2x 10'yJ tr 221 [I5minlr 257 (IOO5dJo
58 (71.3d]p•.,EC •••Ag 108 [127ylEC ••Tm 170 1128.6d)iJ- 22J (21.811"1i1iP- ,o,Md258 {55d)a

a
32.065 35.453 39.948
1122.98~770 12 24.;050 60 15·272Ylr 110 f252d]p- 171 {l.92)jtr uRa 226 [L60x 10'yl a \00""0259 {58",.,0: 1326.98;538 14 28.~,~55

9
1530_9::~~ 16 6,:1:2,4, 17 :t1,7.5,3 18
(2I.77I1P- ,o..d.r260

•.
uN. 57 (36.0h!P+,EC III (7.45~/r ",Yb 169 [32.00')EC •• Ac 227 p.O monj 0
"'<-
r
..cd
"
1156.1N [8xlO'I1K 109 [453d)EC 175 (4.19d)p- ••Th228 (1.913\1'" ,•.•Rf261 3538 553 717.75
1363M 2792 AI 239.11 CI 87.8 A
6) (92YlP- 11~ (A9.51djlT 176 [3.7><10'°yjp- 230 933.5 1687 317.3 388.36 171.65 83.8
~~:;;~~~rl~
371.0 ..In "Lu ,•••Db262 14040
923 (12.70hlP-, p ". EC ,.,s,., 121 (76ylp- "To 182 (115.0d)/l- 232 a ,ooSg263
0.971 1.74 """ p.9~0: 2.6989 2.33 5i 1.82 P 2.07 5 3.214t 1.784t
[Ne]3s2 9 [Ne]3s23pt [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Nej3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 {Ne]3s23p6
[Ne]3s'
Sodium Magnesium 3/11IA 4/1VA SNA 6NIA 7NIIA 8 .---- VIIIA-----, 10 11/1B 12/11B Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon

28586i;4 33
n Zn e
19 39.~983 40.078 2144.95,591 47.867 51.996 55.845 63.546 65.409 69.723 72.64 78.96 79.904 83.80
20 22 23 5°·:~1:2 24 25 5~;,~~?7 26 27 58.~:;2 29 30 31 32 74';i~6 34 35 36
2 4,3,2 3,6,2 3,2,6 2,1 2 1,3 4 4,6,-2 ±t,7,5,3 0,2

V U a 5
1033 1757 3109 3560 3680 2945 3134 3200 3186 958 331.95 119,93
2234M 2835 C 1180 2477 G 3106 G 876'-'A
336.8 1115 1814 1941 2183 2180 1519 1811 1768 1728 1357.8 692.66 302.91 1211.4 ,l1~';;, 494 265.95 115.8
0.862 K 1.55 Ca 2.99 5c 4.54 Ti 6.11 7.19 Cr 7.44 7.874 Fe 8.90 Co 8.90 Ni 8.96 7.13 6.095 5.32 5.73 4.79 5e 3.12 Br 3.73t Kr
[Ar]4s' [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d'4s2 {Ar]3d24s2 [Ar)3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar}3d54s2 [Ar)3d74s2 [Ar]3de4s2 [Arj3d'04s' [Arj3d'04s2 [Ar]3d'04s24pl [Ar]3d104s24p2 [Ar]3d104s24p3 [Ar]3d'04s24p4 {Ar]3d104s24p5 [Ar]3d104s24p6
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

50 1181.~0
n .Xie
87.62 91.224 95.94 (98) 101.07 106.42 112.41 114.82 121.760 127.60 131.29

9
37 85.4~78
38
39 88.9~59
40 4192.90;,~,~ 42 43 44 451 02.92?;'~0 46 2,4
47107.8,682
48 49 51 52 53126.;~~:;7 54
2 4 6,5,4,3,2 7,5,4 2,3,4,6,8 2 3 t3,5 4,6,-2 0,2,4,6,8
1655 3618 4682 5017 4538 3968 3236 2345 1261 457.51

0 ¥©
4912M 4423 R 2435 A 2875 5 165.11

U
312.46
961 Rb 1050 1795 2128 2730 2896 2430 2607 2237 1828 1234.93 10'0
594.22 Cd 429.75 505.08 186°5b
903.78 722.66 386.85 161.4
1.532 2.54 5r 4.47 V 6.51 Zr 8.57 Nb 10.22 11.5" 12.37 12.41 Rh 12.0 Pd 10.50 8.65 7.31 In 7.31 6.69 6.24 Te 4.93 I 5.90t
[Kr)Ssl [Kr)Ss2 {Kr]4d15s2 [Kr)4d2Ss2 [Kr]4d4Ssl {Kr]4d5Ss' [Krj4d55s2 [Kr]4d7Ss' [Kr]4d6Ss' [Kr]4d'O [Kr]4d105s' [Kr]4d1°5s2 [Kr)4dlOSs2Spl [Kr]4dlOSs2Sp2 [Kr]4d tOSs25p3 (Kr]4dtOSs2Sp4 [Kr]4d1OSs2Sp5 [Kr]4d105s2Sp5
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

a
75
0S 77 H9
55132.9?545 56137}27 57138.9~55 178.49 183.84 190.23 195.08 200.59 81204.3:~3 207.2 83208.9:~4 (209) (210) (222)
73'80.9:,~9 79969~,~55

t
72 4 74 6,5,4,3,2 !,~~5;?;2 76 4,8,6,3,2 19~::,g 78 4,2 80 82 2,4 84 4,2,6 85 ±1,7,5,3 86
2.1 0,2
944
301,54
C
5 2170
1000
3737
1191
L *
4876
2506
Hf
5730
3290
5828
3695
W
sa70
3459
5285
3300
4700
2720
4098
2041.55
P 3130
1337.33
A
U 62988
234.32
1746
577 2022
600.61 Pb
1837
544.55
-
527
610"
575
211.4R
202
n
1.87 3.5 Ba 6.15 13.31 16.65 Ta 19.3 21.0 Re 22.57 22.42 Ir 21.45 19.3 13.55 11.85 TI 11.35 9.75 Bi 9.3 Po - At 9.73t
[Xej6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f14Sd26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f'45d46s2 (Xe]4f'45ds6s2 IXe]4f'45d66s2 (Xe]4fI4Sd76s2 [Xe]4f'4Sd96s1 [Xe]4f'4Sd106s1 [Xe]4f'4Sd106s2 [Xe)4f14Sd1Of3s26pl [XeJ4P45dt06s26p2 {Xe]4ft45d'06s26p3 (Xe]4f'45dtOBs26p4 [Xe)4f14Sd'OSs26p5 [Xe]4f'45dl06s26p
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

87
(223)
1 88
(226)
2
89 J227) 104 ~61) 1 05~262) 106 (266) 1 07 ~264) 1 08~277) 1 09~268) 11 0~69) 11 j (272) 112 (285) 113 (284) 114 (289) 115 (288)
116 117 118

C - - - - -
I~ - -
~M~ ~M~ ~M~ ~M~
-
950' 1413 3470· A** - -
- - - - -
~~~ - - -
300 973 1324 -
~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~
- - -

- Fr 5.0 Ra 10.07 -
[Rn)5ft46d27s2'
-
{Rn]5ft46d37s2'
- ~~ - - -
'4
- - -
==
-
[Rn]Sf146d1Q7slJp4
[Rn]7st [Rn)7s2 [Rn)6dt7s2 [Rn)Sj146d47s2· IRnj5t'46d57sZ' (Rnj5f'46d67s2' [RnjSf 6d77s2' [An]5f'46d87s2· [AnJ5f146d97s [Rn]Sf146dt07s2' [Rn[SP46<:PO]s27pl' ~'151"~~77~ [Rn]5f'~6d'07s27p3·
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordiurn Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium (Darmstadtium) (Roentgenium) (Ununbium) (Ununtrium) (Ununquadium) (Ununpentium) (Ununhexium) (Ununseptium) (Ununoctium)

• Estimated Values

* H0 m
144.24 (145) 150.36 157.25 162.50 9 167.26 173.04 174.967
ATOMIC ATOMIC 58 140.~,:6 59140.9~~65
60 61 62 63 151:~4 64 65158.9~,~34
66 67'64. ;°3 68 69168.;~:2 70 71
3 3 3,2 3 3 3 3,2 3

~I m Dy
3716 3785 3347 3273 2007 1869 3503 2840 3140 3675
2973 2223T

BOlu::MBE\R KE~Ej'GHTO;;~~T!~~1
1071 1204 1294 1315 1347 1095 3546
1586 Gd 1629 1685 1747 1802 1469
1092 Vb 1936
~:,;,~S
1818
6.77 Ce 6.77 Pr 7.01 Nd 7.26 7.S2 5 5.24 Eu 7.90 8.23 Tb 8.55 8.795 9.07 Er 9.32 6.903 9.841 Lu
[Xe)4f1Sd'6s2 [Xe]4f36s2 [Xe]4f46s2 [Xe]4f56s2 [Xe]4f66s2 jXej4176s2 [Xe]4FSd'6s2 [Xe]4f96s2 [Xe]4f'06s2 [Xe]4fI16s2 [Xe]4ft26s2 [Xe)4f'36s2 [Xe]4f146s2 [Xe]4ft45dI6s2
POINT, K
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium lutetium

MELTlN~
n ** 92
90232.03:1 912310~;9 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) 100 (;57) 101 (;58)
23:5~4~:,; 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 102 (2~';) 1 03 (2~2)
30 5,6,4,3 4,5,5,3 3,6,5,4,2 3 2,3,4 2,3,4 3

U OO~ ~M ~I ~I ~lli ~I I~
POINT K 1180. Z 4300' 4404 4175' 3505 226<1 - - - - - - - -
-
oo@
' --... 69273 5061
2023 Th 1645 1406 917 913 1449 1620 1170· 1130· 1800' 1100' 1100· 1900'

7.1~ArJ3d1Q4S2
11.72 15.4' Pa 16.9S 20.2 19.84 13.7 13.S" 14' - ~~ - ~~ - - - - ~~
IRn)8d27s2 (Rn]5f26d17s2 [Rn)S/36d17s2 [Rn]Sf46d17s2 [Rn]Sf&7s2 {Rn]SF7s2 [Rn)Sf16d'7s2 [Rn]Sf97s2 {An]5fl07s2 [Rn)5f117s2 [Rn]Sf'27s2 [Rn]5t137s2 [Rn]St 147s2 (Rn]Sf'46dt7s2
Zinc Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
/ ELECTRON
DENSITY at 300 K (3) \ CONFIGURATION
3 NOTES:
(g/cm ) NAME
©Copyrighl2007 WVR International.
All Rights Reserved.
(1) Btack - solid.
Red - gas.
Blue - liquid.
(2)

(3)
Based upon carbon-tz. () indicates
stable or best known isotope.
Entries marked with daggers
most

refer to the
The A & B subgroup
national
designations,
Union of Pure and Applied
are those
Chemistry.
recommended by the Inter-
Sargent-Weich
No portion of this work may be Outline - synthetically prepared. qaseous state at 273 K and 1 atm and are vWR'-b~ Side 1
INlEflNATIONAl
reproduced in any form or by any given in units of gli.
means wittnrt express prior written Cataloq Number WL$·18806 P.O. Box 4130 • Buffalo, NY 14217
permission from VWRlSargent- 1-800-727-4368· FAX 1·800-676-2540
Welch. www.sargenlwelch.com
 TABLE OF PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS
Percent Ionic Character of a Single Chemical Bond

GROUP Difference in electronegativity 0.1 0.20.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.92.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2A 2.5 2.62.72.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2

:L/IA 18/V1II
Percentionicchoeccree 0.5 1 2 4 6 9 12 '5 19 22 26 30 34 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 70 74 76 79 82 84 86 88 89 91 92
He@
%

0.32 2.20 0.93

0.79 0.4581 0.49 0.084
14.10 0.0585 31.80 0.021
13.598 DATA CONCERNING THE MORE STABLE ELEMENTARY (SUBATOMIC) PARTICLES 24.587
14.304 0.1815 2/IIA • The positron {e+] has properties similar to those of the (neg·
5.193 0.152
Neutron Proton Electron' Neutrino photon ative) ele<tron or beta particle except that its charge has opposite
Symbol P e (e-) sign (+). The antineutrlno (vI has properties similar to those of the
neutrino except that its spin (or rotation) is opposite in relation to
Rest moss (kg) 1,67495)(10.27 1.67265x10·27 9.1095xI0·31 ~O
its direetien of propagation.
Relativeotomiemoss ("C:12) 1.008665 1.007276 5,48580xl 0.
4
~o An ontineutrino occempcnles release of on electron in radio·
Charge (e) 1.60219x10·19 .1.60219)(10.19 active p (portide) deeey, whereas 0 neulTino occomponies the
release of 0 positron in fJ+ de<oy.
Radius (m) -0
1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 tJlB:Bohr mogneton ond J.IN=Nudeor magneton,
Spin quantum number
Magnetic Momentt -1,913JIN 2.793 JiN 1.001 JIB

CRYSTAL ACIO·BASE
STRUCTURE (2) PROPERTIES (I)

ELECTRONEGATIVITY,
SYMBOL (Pauling's)

COVALENT

ATOMIC
RADIUS,

RADIUS,
A

A (7)
VA~~:I~~~ON
kJ fmol (4)
** 19.90
6.31
1.3
543.92
15.65
7.1
15.0
5.89 5.6
12.50
6.194
21.10
6.266 0.8
12.32
6.026 0.7
20.8
5.974 0.7
18.3
5.991 6.198 6.282 6.42 6.5 6.58 6.65 4.9'
0.113 54 47 0.12 6.3 0.13' 6.74 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' to-
HEAT OF FUSION
ATOMIC VOLUME,
kJ/mol (5)
cm'/mol{8)
NOTES: (1) For representative oxides (higher valence) of group. Oxide is acidic if color is red, basic if color is blue

e
and amphoteric if both colors are shown. Intensity af color indicates relative strength.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
FIRST IONIZATION

*
o'n' m' The A & B subgroup designations, are those

Sargent-Welch
1 (6)
POTENTIAL
(2) ~ Cubic, face centered; ~ cubic, body centered; cubic; recommended by the International Union of
V

e Copyright 1979
SPECIFIC
CAPACITY,
HEAT
Jg" K' (3)
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY,
Wm·'K·'(3)
hexagonal; @ rhombohedral; LD tetragonal; UI orthorhombic; 0 manoclinic.
Pure and Applied Chemistry,
VWR'-J"
INHRNAT10NAL
©Copyright 1980
©Copyright 1992 (3) At 300 K (>7'C) (6) Generally at 293 K (20°C) (8) From density at 300 K (27°C) for liquid
PO. Box 4130· Buffalo, NY 14217
@Copyrightl993
(4) At boiling point for polycrystalline material and solid clements: values for gaseous elements 1-800·727-4368· FAX 1-800-676-2540
©Copyrighl1994
@Copyrighl1995 (5) At melting point (7) Quantum mechanical value refer to liquid state at boiling point www.sargenlwelch.com
©Copyright 1996 for frcc atom
©Copyright 1998
@Copyrighl2000
Catalog Number WLS·18806 SIDE 2
@CopyrighI2001
©Copyrighl2002
@ Copyrighl 2004
e Copyrighl 2007 VVVR Intemalional

) ) )