Answers

Answers
Number and algebra
2 2
16 2x + 3x − 8x − 12 = 2x − 5x − 12
Target your revision 2x + 9
17 a) = 15
1 a) 56 = 2 × 7
3 3
2 b) 2x + 9 = 45 ⇒ 2x = 36 ⇒ x = 18
b) i) 2 = 4
18 a) x ( x − 1) (or equivalent)
2
ii) 4 × 3 × 5 × 2 × 7 = 840
2
2 24 × 32 = 768 biscuits b) x = 4 : 4 × 3 = 48 (too small)
2
3 a) 1.82 x = 5: 5 × 4 = 100 (too big)
b) 52.65 x = 4.6 :
2
4.6 × 3.6 = 76.176 (too small)
4 a) −2 2
x = 4.7 : 4.7 × 3.7 = 81.733 (too big)
b) 5 2
c) 40 x = 4.65 : 4.65 × 3.65 = 78.922125 (too big)
d) −5 Hence x = 4.6 correct to 1 d.p.
40 8 19 a) ( x − 5) ( x + 1)
5 a) =
55 11 b) 4 ( x − 2) ( x + 2)
7 4 3
b) − =
20 a)
( x + 7) ( x − 3) = x + 7
8 8 8
x−3
5 8 13 3
c) 3
10
+2
10
=5
10
=6
10 2 ( x − 2) + 4 ( x + 1) 6x
b) =
9 7 9 4 18 4 ( x + 1) ( x − 2) ( x + 1) ( x − 2)
d) ÷ = × = =2
2 4 2 7 7 7 21 a) ( x + 3)(2x + 1) = 38 ⇒
500 × 0.5 250 2 2
2x + x + 6x + 3 = 38 ⇒ 2x + 7x − 35 = 0
6 = = 10
20 + 5 25 b) Using the quadratic formula:
7 52 − 9 = 25 − 9 = 16
−7 ± 7 − 4 × 2 × ( −35)
2
1 x=
8 a) 2×2
7
8 −7 ± 329
b) Hence x =
3 4
9 85 ÷ 17 = 5 −7 + 329
x must be positive, so x =
Amy: 3 × 5 = 15 4

Bharat: 4 × 5 = 20 −5 − 3
22 Gradient = = −2
6−2
Charlie: 10 × 5 = 50 Hence y = −2x + c
15 3
10 a) = = 0.75 = 75% Using (2, 3): 3 = −2 × 2 + c so c = 7
20 4
b) 103.2 ÷ 1.2 = £86 The equation is y = −2x + 7
2 19
11 23.5 × 7.65 = 179.775 cm 23 a) a
8
12 2.88 × 10 −10 ÷ 5 × 10 −11 = 5.76 x 5
b) 3 = x
So, 5 complete times x
13 1 ×: 0.24444… 24 a) 5n + 1
2
10×: 2.44444… b) n + 4
2 2
9 ×: 2.2 25 a) aq = p + 1 ⇒ ( aq) = p + 1 ⇒ p = ( aq) − 1
90 ×: 22
Hence 0.24 =
22 11
= b) z ( p + b) = p − a ⇒ zp + zb = p − a ⇒ zb + a = p − zp ⇒ zb + a = p (1 − z
90 45
zb + a
14 a) 2 3 × 6 2 = 12 6 z ( p + b) = p − a ⇒ zp + zb = p − a ⇒ zb + a = p − zp ⇒ zb + a = p (1 − z ) ⇒ p =
1−z
4 3 4 3 26 12 ≤ 3n < 33
b) × =
3 3 3
4 ≤ n < 11
15 v = 7 + 2 × 15 = 7 + 30 = 37
Hence n = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 2
27 y = kx so when x = 2 and y = 20 , k = 20 ÷ 2 = 5
2 31 a) y
2 8
Hence y = 5x
2
7
When x = 12 , y = 5 × 12 = 720
6
2
28 a) y = x + 4 x
Answers

5
b) y = −2x
4
3
c) y = 3
x
3 2
d) y = x + 7
1
Remaining graph:
y −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
1
−6
−7
0 x b) i) x = −0.8 or x = 3.8
ii) Adding the line y = x − 2 to the graph and
reading off gives x = −0.2 or x = 4.2
32 a) 41
4
b) Gradient of radius:
5
Gradient of the tangent is the negative
5
reciprocal: −
4

29 a)
l 1 The language of number
100
1 64 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 85
90
2 140 = 128 + 8 + 4 so in binary: 10001100
80 3 a) 7, 13 b) 4, 7, 28
70 c) 4, 28, 32, 64 d) 32, 64
60 4 a) 81 b) 5 + 2 = 7
50
5 420 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 22 × 3 × 5 × 7
6 20
40
7 420
30 8 LCM of 15, 20 and 25 is 300 so after 5 hours: 2 pm
20
10 2 Working with whole
0
100 200 300 400 m numbers
b) Yes, linear; l = 0.2m + 4 1 457 + 864 + 1067 = 2388
c) The increase in extension for each additional 2 1047 − 671 = 376
gram of mass suspended. 3 87 451 − 1543 + 2407 = 88 315
d) When m = 225, l = 0.2 × 225 + 4 = 49 cm 4 a) 12 × 1000 × 3 = 36 000
30 6x + 2y = 22 [1] b) 8600 ÷ 100 ÷ 2 = 43
7x − 2y = 17 [2] 5 65 × 15 = 975
6 3408 ÷ 24 = 142
[1] + [2] : 13x = 39 so x = 3
7 a) 1402 ÷ 16 = 87 , remainder 10
Substituting into 3x + y = 11 : 9 + y = 11 so y = 2 So, 88 trays
b) There will be 10 peaches in the last tray

3 Decimals
1 10 − 6.71 − 2.95 = 0.34 so 34 pence
2 9.376 − 2 × 3.12 = 3.136 m

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3 4.32 × 8.5 = £36.72 9 Ratio
4 19.64 ÷ 3.12 = 6.29487 …
19.64 − 6 × 3.12 = 0.92 m 1 9:6:5
5 a) 0.107 2 60 ÷ 12 = 5 so Jacinta gets 15 counters, Gill gets

Answers
b) 10.272 35 counters and Abi gets 10 counters
6 420 × 23.1 = 9702 3 2.21 ÷ 13 = 0.17; 0.17 × 17 = £2.89
4 1.2 km = 1200 m = 120 000 cm

4 Negative numbers 120 000 ÷ 50 000 = 2.4 cm

5 18 ÷ 5 × 8 = 28.8 km
1 a) 20 6 36 ÷ 3 × 5 = 60 cm
b) −22
c) 32
d) −6
10 Percentages and finance
2 5°C 7 7
1 = 0.35 and 31% = 0.31 so in order: , 0.32, 31%
3 825.4 + 127.6 = £953 20 20
2 38 ÷ 100 × 20 = 7.6 kg
3 100 ÷ 8 × 5 = 62.5%
5 Fractions 4 92 ÷ 100 × 41 = £37.72
7 70 3 60 13 65 16 64 5 81 ÷ 100 × 13 = 10.53 litres
1 = , = , = and =
10 100 5 100 20 100 25 100 6 12 000 ÷ 100 × 5 = 600 ; 12 000 + 600 = £12 600
7 13 16 3 18 3
Hence, in order from largest to smallest: , , , 7 = = 0.6 = 60%
10 20 25 5 30 5
5 1 25 8 33 150
2 a) + = + = 8 × 100 = 18.75%
8 5 40 40 40 800
33 7 9 95 + 6 × 55 = 425; 425 − 375 = £50
1− =
40 40 10 9.56 × 35 + 1.25 × 9.56 × 7 = £418.25
b) 2 × 5 = 10 km 11 330 ÷ 1.2 = £275
c) 10 ÷ 8 × 5 = 6.25 km 12 1650 ÷ 0.8 = £2062.50
1 1 13 80 × 0.15 = 12; 80 + 12 = 92; 92 × 0.25 = 23; 92 − 23 = 69
3 85 − 6 = 78
2 2 500 × 3 × 8
1 3 157 4 314 15 14 I= = £120
78 ÷ 5 = × = = 13 hours 100
2 4 2 23 23 23 15 Amount in account after 5 years:
15 5
So, in total, it will take her 14 hours  100 + 6.5 
7000 ×  = 9590.61
23  100 
(approx. 14 hours, 39 minutes)
Interest: 9590.61 − 7000 = £2590.61
16 44 000 − 12 000 = 32 000 taxable income
6 Approximation and 15 000 × 0.15 = 2250
estimation 32 000 − 15 000 = 17 000
17 000 × 0.2 = 3400
1 a) 700 2250 + 3400 = £5650
b) 725.4 17 850 × 21.2 = 18 020 lira
2 49 100 3
18 7500 × 0.85 × 0.88 = £4344.38
3 761 ÷ 55 = 13 remainder 46, so 14 coaches
30 × 50 1500
4
20 − 10
=
10
= 150 11 Bounds
7 The order of operations 1 83.65 m and 83.75 m
2 1395 and 1404
2
1 140 3 6.5 × 6.05 = 39.325 cm
2
2 126 5.35
4 = 9.08650... = 9.0865 (4 d.p.)
3 3 3.15
4 a) −82.70
b) 4.079 12 Standard form
8 Reciprocals 1 a) 3.6 × 10
8

b) 0.000657
100 2 639 000 + 11 500 = 650 500 = 6.505 × 10
5
1
3 4 3
3 (1.27 × 10 ) ÷ (3.47 × 10 ) = 3.6599 … = 3.66 times
12
2 bigger (3 s.f.)
5 -12 7 -5
4 (1.2 × 10 ) × (3.4 × 10 ) = 4.08 × 10
7
3 −
8
3 3
4
7

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 13 Rational and irrational 2 a) 2x = 14 so, x = 7
b) 2x + 6 = 12x − 30
numbers 36 = 10x
x = 3.6
1 a) Student answers e.g., 5 3 3 ( x + 8 ) = 45
Answers

2 2
b) 3x = 48 so x = 16 hence the equation has
3x + 24 = 45
rational solutions (4 or −4)
3x = 21
2 r = 0.212121 …
x=7
100r = 21.2121 …
8 ( x + 1) 3 ( x + 7) 51
99r = 21 4 − = ⇒ 32 ( x + 1) − 9 ( x + 7) = 153
3 4 4
21 7
r= = 32x + 32 − 9x − 63 = 153
99 33
23x = 184
3 r = 0.345345…
x=8
1000r = 345.345…
16 4
999r = 345 5 = ⇒ 16x = 4 ( x − 6 )
x−6 x
345 115 4 x = x − 6 so 3x = −6 and x = −2
r= =
999 333 6 x + 10 + 3x + 2x − 20 + 4 x − 5 = 360
14 Surds 10x = 375
x = 37.5
1 (3 + 7 ) ( 4 − 2 7 ) = 12 + 4 7 − 6 7 − 14 = −2 − 2 7 7 4 x + 720 = 2120
4 x = 1400
2 12 + 27 − 3 = 2 3 + 3 3 − 3 = 4 3
x = 350
6 8 6 8 6 × 2 2 12 2 3 2
3 × = = = =
8 8 8 8 8 2
18 Trial and improvement
15 Basic Algebra 1
3
2.4 − 2.4 = 11.424 (too small)
3
1 9x 2.5 − 2.5 = 13.125 (too big)
2
2 a + 11a 3
2.45 − 2.45 = 12.256125 (too small)
4 2 2
3 4 x y − 5x
So x = 2.5, correct to 1 decimal place
4 a) x + 12 b) 2x − 3 3
2 4 = 64 (too small)
p+4 3
5 a) −30 b) 5 = 125 (too big)
2 3
4.3 = 79.507 (too small)
16 Brackets 3
4.4 = 85.184 (too big)
3
4.35 = 82.312875 (too big)
1 a) 10x − 24 So, the side length of the cube is 4.3 cm, correct to
b) 10 y + 15 + 12y − 8 = 22y + 7 1 decimal place
2
c) 5x − 2x 3 a) Using Pythagoras’ theorem:
2 2 2
d) 2a − 3a − a − 6a = a − 9a x + ( x − 3) = 27
2 2

2 a) 18x − 21 − 7x = 11x − 21 2 2
2 x + x − 6x + 9 = 27
b) x + 4 x − 21 2
2x − 6x = 18
3 ( 2x − 5) ( 2x − 5) = 4 x − 20x + 25
2
2
x − 3x = 9
4 6 ( x + 2) 2
b) 4 − 3 × 4 = 4 (too small)
2 2
( )
5 (3n + 2) ( 2n − 3) − ( 6n + 1) ( n − 3) = 6n − 5n − 6 − 6n − 17n − 3 = 125n2 −− 33 =× 35(=4n 1) big)
10− (too
( 2
)
3) − ( 6n + 1) ( n − 3) = 6n − 5n − 6 − 6n − 17n − 3 = 12n − 3 = 3 ( 4n − 1)
2 2
4.8 − 3 × 4.8 = 8.64 (too small)
2
2 2 2
6 x − 2 px + p = x − 16x + q 4.9 − 3 × 4.9 = 9.31 (too big)
2 2
Hence p = 8 and q = 8 = 64 4.85 − 3 × 4.85 = 8.9725 (too small)
7 (2x + 3) (7x − 1) = 14 x2 + 19x − 3 So, x = 4.9 , correct to 1 decimal place
2 19 3
Hence area of triangle is 7x + x−
2 2 19 Factorisation
8 ( x + 5) ( x + 3) − ( x + 1)2 = x2 + 8x + 15 − ( x2 + 2x + 1) = 6x + 14
1 a) 7 ( x − 2)
( 2
)
15 − x + 2x + 1 = 6x + 14
b) 4a (3a + 4 )
c) 6 y (5x + 4 y )
17 Linear equations
2 a) (2p + 9) (2p − 9)
1 a) 3x = 6 so, x = 2
b) 8x + 12 = 52 so 8x = 40 and x = 5 (
b) 16 x − 4 y
2 2
) = 16 (x + 2y) (x − 2y)
x
c) = 15 ⇒ x = 60
4 4

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 3 x ( y + 7) − 2 ( y + 7) = ( y + 7) ( x − 2) Taking the positive solution only gives
x = 3.51 cm (2 d.p.)
4 a) ( x − 13) ( x + 1)
b) ( x + 7 ) ( 2 x − 5)
2 22 Straight lines and linear

Answers
5 a) 4( x − 9) = 4( x + 3)( x − 3)

b)
4 x − 12
=
4 ( x − 3)
=
1 graphs
4 x 2 − 36 4 ( x + 3) ( x − 3) x + 3
1 a) red
2
2x − 8 2 ( x + 2) ( x − 2) 2 ( x − 2) b) yellow
6 = =
3x − 2x − 16 ( x + 2) (3x − 8 ) 3x − 8
2
c) green
y
20 Algebraic fractions 11

14a b
3 2
2a
2 10
1 3
=
21ab 3b 9
7 6 7( x − 1) − 6( x − 2) x+5 8
2 − = =
x −2 x −1 ( x − 2)( x − 1) ( x − 2)( x − 1) 7
2x − 6 3x + 9 2( x − 3) 3( x + 3) 6 6
3 × 2 = × =
x + 7x + 12 x + 2x − 15 ( x + 3)( x + 4) ( x + 5)( x − 3) ( x + 4)( x + 5)
2
5
3x + 9 2( x − 3) 3( x + 3) 6
× 2 = × = 4
2 x + 2x − 15 ( x + 3)( x + 4) ( x + 5)( x − 3) ( x + 4)( x + 5)
2 3
− 12 x + 3x − 18 4( x − 3) ( x − 4)( x + 5) 4( x + 5)
4 4x ÷ = × = 2
x + x − 20 ( x − 4)( x + 4) ( x + 6)( x − 3) ( x + 4)( x + 6)
2 2
x − 16
2
4( x − 3) ( x − 4)( x + 5) 4( x + 5) 1
2 x + 3x − 18
÷ 2 = × =
6 x + x − 20 ( x − 4)( x + 4) ( x + 6)( x − 3) ( x + 4)( x + 6) −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 x
−1

21 Solving quadratic equations −2

−3
1 ( x − 5) ( x − 6 ) = 0 so x = 5 or x = 6 −4
2 6 ( x − 1) + 8 ( x − 3) = 5 ( x − 1) ( x − 3) −5
2
14 x − 30 = 5x − 20x + 15
 6 + 10 3 + ( −7) 
2
0 = 5x − 34 x + 45 2  , = ( 8, − 2)
 2 2 
0 = (5x − 9 ) ( x − 5)
2 2
9 3 ( −4 − 9) + ( −3 − 5) = 15.3 (3 s.f.)
Hence x = 5 or x =
5 4 (5, −8)
−4 ± 4 − 4 × 3 × ( −6 )
2 13 − 7
−4 ± 88 −4 ± 2 22 −2 ± 522 a) m = =3
3 x= = = = 6−4
2×3 6 6 3 7 = 3 × 4 + c so c = −5
−6 ) −4 ± 88 −4 ± 2 22 −2 ± 22 Equation is y = 3x − 5
= = =
6 6 3 b) Midpoint = (5, 10 )
− ( −7) ± ( −7) − 4 × 2 × ( −3)
2
7 ± 73 1
4 x= = Gradient = −
2×2 4 3
Hence x = 3.89 or x=−0.39 (both 2 d.p.) 1 35
10 = − × 5 + c ⇒ c =
3 3
5 a) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) = 18
2 1 35
x + 3x + 2 = 18 Equation is y = − x +
2 3 3
Hence x + 3x − 16 = 0
2

b) x =
−3 ± 3 − 4 × 1 × ( −16) −3 ± 73
= 23 Indices
2×1 2
10
Hence x = 2.77 or −5.77 1 a) x
8
The negative solution would give negative length b) x
21
and width when adding 1 and 2. c) 128x
So, taking the positive solution only gives 2 a) 1
x = 2.77 1 1
b) 3 =
Hence the width is 3.77 cm and the length is 8 512
4.77 cm (both 2 d.p.) 1 1
c) =
x + 1 + 2x − 3
( )
3
125
6 a) x × = 15 ⇒ x (3x − 2) = 30 25
2
4 x 3 3
Hence 3x 2 − 2x − 30 = 0 3 (2 ) = 2 ⇒ 4 x = 3 ⇒ x =
4
2 3 21
−( −2) ± ( −2) − 4 × 3 × ( −30) 1 ± 91 14 −5 15
b) x = = 16 y ×y × 3y 2 48 y 2
2×3 3 4 3
= 3
= 6y 2 5
8y 8y

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 24 Sequences 5 a) y
6
1 a) 32, 39 b) ‘add 7’ 5
2 a) 31, 38 b) 7n − 4 R
4
Answers

3 −2n + 11
2 3
4 a) 57, 74 b) n + 4n − 3
2 2
5 3n − 2n + 1
1

25 Formulae −1 0
−1
1 2 3 4 5 6 x

1 a) C = 45h + 50 b) At (2, 3) value is 2 × 2 + 3 × 3 = 13

b) 45 × 6 + 50 = £320 At (2, 5) value is 2 × 2 + 3 × 5 = 19
c) (387.50 − 50 ) ÷ 45 = 7.5 hours At (4, 5) value is 2 × 4 + 3 × 5 = 23 so the maximum
2 2
2 a) v = 2 + 2 × 6 × 3 = 40 hence v = ± 40 = ±6.32 (3 s.f.) value is 23.
2 2
b) v − 2as = u
2
Hence u = ± v − 2as
3 −3.2 + 1.3 × 2.5 = 0.05
27 Proportion and variation
4 p = tx − ty 1 300 ÷ 40 × 45 = 337.5 km
p + ty = tx 2 40 × 30 ÷ 50 = 24
p + ty 2 2
3 a) y = kx so when y = 12 and x = 2, k = 12 ÷ 2 = 3 .
=x 2
t The formula is y = 3x
5 q ( b + p) = a − p 2
b) When x = 7, y = 3 × 7 = 147
bq + pq = a − p 48
c) When y = 48 , x = ± = ±4
pq + p = a − bq 3
k
p( q + 1) = a − bq 4 a) y = so when y = 7 and x = 9, k = 7 × 3 = 21
x
a − bq 21
p= The formula is y =
q+1 x
21
26 Inequalities b) When x = 6, y =
6
= 8.57 (3 s.f.)
2
1 a) 2 ≤ n < 6.5 so n = 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 21  21  49
c) When y = 12, 12 = ⇒x=  =
x  12  16
b) 2x > −4 so x > −2

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
28 Non-linear graphs
12
2 −5x < 12 ⇒ x > − 1 a)
5 x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
3 −6 < 4 x ≤ 13 y 10 4 0 −2 −2 0 4 10
3 13
− <x≤ y
2 4 b)
16
4 y

8 12

6 8

4
4
R

2 x
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

−4
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 x

−2 −8

−12
−4

−6

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2 y 3 a) y
6 10
5 9
4 8

Answers
3 7
2 6
1 5
4
−2 −1 0 1 2 x
−1 3
−2 2
−3 1
−4
−2 −1 0 1 2 x
−5 −1

b) Asymptote is at y = 0
4 a) Asymptote is at x = −1
b) y
1

0.5

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 x°

−0.5

−1
c) 240°

29 Real-life graphs 5 a) 34 mg b) 6.5 days

1 a) 5°C 30 Simultaneous equations

b) y-intercept is at 5 and gradient is 1.5 so the
relationship is T = 5 + 1.5t 1 a)
y
2 a) 95°F b) −12°C 10
3 a) 5 miles
9
b) 6 hours
8
c) 6 ÷ 4 = 1.5 mph
7
4 a)
y 6
40 5
4
3
2
30 1

−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
−1
−2
20
−3
−4
−5

10 b) x = 2 and y = 5
2 4 x + 3y = 7.6 [1]
2x + 5y = 8.7 [2]
[1 ] × 5 : 20x + 15y = 38 [3]
0
1 2 3 4 5 t [ 2] × 3 : 6x + 15y = 26.1 [4]
b) i) 31.25 m (accept 30 < y ≤ 34 from their graph) [3] − [4] : 14 x = 11.9 so x = 0.85
ii) 3 seconds
If x = 0.85, y = 1.4
iii) (0, 20) and (4, 40) lie on the tangent so the
40 − 20 3 × 0.85 + 2 × 1.4 = £5.35 7
gradient is = 5 m/s
4−0

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 3 x − 4 ( 2x − 3 ) = 5 ⇒ x − 8 x + 7 = 0
2 2 100 + 20
8 a) =2
6 × 10
(x − 7)(x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 7 or x = 1 b) An underestimate: the numbers in the
When x = 7, y = 11 numerator have been rounded down and
Answers

When x = 1, y = −1 the numbers in the denominator have been

rounded up, so the real value will have a bigger
31 Graphical solution of numerator and a smaller denominator.
4 + 5 × ( 7 − 4 ) = 79
2
9
equations 10 a)
1
6
1 a) b) 12
x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
9
y 5 1 −1 −1 1 5 c) (or 0.9)
10
b) y 11 255 ÷ 17 × 5 = 75
9 12 2.4 ÷ 4 × 22 = £13.20
8 13 550 × 0.65 = £357.50
7 14 12 496 ÷ 0.88 = £14 200
15 3200 × 1.0425 = £3930.87
6
7.15 − 3.35
5 16 = 1.9487... = 1.949 (3 d.p.)
1.95
4 17 a) 4.52 × 10
8

3 b) 0.000312
6 −5 10
2 18 1.39 × 10 ÷ 1.7 × 10 = 8.18 × 10 (3 s.f.)
1 1
19 2π and
2
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 20 a) − 6 b) 2 2
−1
2
−2 21 10x + 8x − 3xy
22 s = 28.6
2
c) x = −0.6 or x = 1.6 23 a) 2x + 5x − 12
2
d) x = −1 or x = 3 b) 9x − 25
24 a) 7 = 5x so, x = 1.4
2 y b) x − 12 = 0.5 so, x = 12.5
6
25 42t − 14 = 35t + 21 so 7t = 35 and t = 5
5
26 x = 3.1 (1 d.p.)
4 27 a) ( x − 5) ( x − 2)
3 b) 9 ( x − 2y ) ( x + 2y )
2
3 (3x − 1) + 2 ( 4 x − 7) 17x − 17
1 28 =
6x 6x
29 ( 2x − 3) ( x + 3) = 2x + 3x − 9 = 31
2
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1 2
Hence 2x + 3x − 40 = 0
–2 Using the quadratic formula gives x = 3.8 cm (1 d.p.)
–3 30 Gradient = 10 ÷ 4 = 2.5
–4 2 = 2.5 × 10 + c so c = −23
–5 Hence y = 2.5x − 23
4
 3 81
–6 31 a) 1 b)   =
2 16
32 a) 29, 40
2
x = −2, x = 0 or x = 2 b) n + 4
c) 10 004
Practise your revision x = ( mz + y )
2
33
34 12 ≤ 4n < 32 so, 3 ≤ n < 8
1 110110
n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
2 a) 2 × 5 × 7
2 10
b) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 630 35 a) y =
3 85 × 7 + 140 × 5 = £1295 x
10 20
4 10.8 − 2.7 = 8.1 b) y = =
2.25 3
8.1 ÷ 6 = £1.35
36 a)
5 a) −7 b) 12
c) −104 d) 3 x −10 −5 −2 −1 −0.5 0.5 1 2 5 10
50 y −0.5 −1 −2.5 −5 −10 10 5 2.5 1 0.5
6 a) b) 24
63
8 7 9500 ÷ 19 × 16 = £8000

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 b) c) 1.6 to 1.7
y 2
37 7.5 m/s (allow ± 0.5 with working)
10
9
38 8x − 2y = 46 so 11x = 77 (adding)
8 x = 7, y = 5

Answers
7 39 Drawing y = −2x gives x = 1.2 (1 d.p)
6
1
5 40 Gradient of radius =
4
7
3
Gradient of tangent = −7
2 1 = −7 × 7 + c so c = 50
1
Equation of tangent is y = −7x + 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
0
−10−9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
−8
−9
−10

Geometry and measures

4 Scale factor = 6 ÷ 4 = 1.5
Target your revision 9 ÷ 1.5 = 6 cm
2 2 2
1 a) Angle ACB = 64° (alternate segment theorem) 5 a) AC = 7 + 8 − 2 × 7 × 8 × cos71°
2
b) Angle AOB = 128° (angle at the centre is twice the AC = 76.536 …
angle at the circumference) AC = 8.75 cm (3 s.f.)
c) Angle OBC = 360 − 232 − 44 − 64 = 20° (angles in a 1 2
b) Area = × 7 × 8 × sin 71° = 26.5 cm (3 s.f.)
quadrilateral) 2
2 2
2 a) 360 ÷ 20 = 18° 6 a) Surface area: 4π × 6 = 452 cm (3 s.f.)
b) 180 − 18 = 162° 4 3 3
Volume: π × 6 = 905 cm (3.s.f)
3 a)
2 2
5 + 7 = 74 cm 3
2 2
5 b) Slant height = 3 + 4 = 5 cm
b) tan−1   = 35.5° 2 2
7 Surface area: π × 3 × 5 + π × 3 = 75.4 cm (3 s.f.)
1 2 3
Volume: π × 3 × 4 = 37.7 cm (3 s.f.)
3
7 a) b)

3
8 Density = 2400 ÷ 120 = 20 g/cm 2 a) (0, 0) b) r = 53
9 a) Rotation, 90° anticlockwise about (0, 0) c) The radius joins the centre to the point so has
b) Reflection in the line x = 3 2−0 2
gradient =
c) Enlargement, scale factor 3, centre (0, 6) 7−0 7
7
−5 The gradient of the tangent is therefore −
d) Translation using vector   2
1 Hence the equation of the tangent is of the form
7
y= − x+c
32 Co-ordinate geometry of a 2
7 53
Using the point (7, 2) gives 2 = − × 7 + c ⇒ c =
circle 2
The equation of the tangent at (7, 2) is therefore
2

2 2
1 Radius = 1 + 2 = 5 hence the equation is 7 53
y=− x+
2 2
x +y =5
2 2 9

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 d) Crosses x-axis when y = 0 so solve Angle QTP = angle RSP (corresponding angles are
7 53 53 equal)
0=− x+ ⇒x=
2 2 7 Hence the triangles are similar
 53 
Hence P has co-ordinates  , 0 b) Scale factor = 15 ÷ 10 = 1.5
7
x + 2.8
Answers

= 1.5 ⇒ x + 2.8 = 1.5x ⇒ x = 5.6 cm

x
33 Angles in circles 2 a) 50 ÷ 5 × 6 = 60 cm
2 2 2
b) 75 ÷ 5 × 6 = 108 cm
1 a) j = 180 − 138 = 42° (opposite angles in a cyclic 2 2 2
3 a) 46 ÷ 2 × 5 = 287.5 cm
quadrilateral add up to 180°) 3 3 3
b) 88 ÷ 2 × 5 = 1375 cm
b) k = 42 × 2 = 84° (angle at the centre is
4 Scale factor = 22.5 ÷ 4.5 = 5
twice the angle at the
Length of enlarged picture: 7.4 × 5 = 37 cm
circumference) 2
Area of enlarged picture: 22.5 × 37 = 832.5 cm
2 a) 90 − 47 = 43° (angle between a tangent and
5 No, Peter is not correct. Corresponding angles are
a radius is 90°)
equal, but the ratio of corresponding sides is not.
b) 180 − 2 × 47 = 86° (tangent property means ATB
is an isosceles triangle and
angle ATB is the apex)
37 Trigonometry rules
c) Angle BAC = 51° (alternate segment theorem) 1 21
1 21 =× 8.3 × MN × sin54° ⇒ MN = = 6.25
Angle CAO = 51 − angle OAB = 51 − 43 = 8° 2 1
× 8.3 × sin54°
1 21 2
21 = × 8.3 × MN × sin54° ⇒ MN = = 6.25 cm (3 s.f.)
34 Polygons 2 1
2
× 8.3 × sin54°
BD 90 90 × sin53°
1 180 − 156 = 24 2 a) = ⇒ BD = = 75.576... = 75.6
sin53° sin 72° sin 72°
360 ÷ 24 = 15 BD 90 90 × sin53°
2 Angle sum is 180 × 4 = 720 sin53° = sin 72° ⇒ BD = sin 72° = 75.576... = 75.6 m (3 s.f.)
720 = 21x so x = 34.2857 … b) Need to find an angle, e.g. angle BCD
2 2 2
6 × 34.2857 … = 205.7° (1 d.p.) 75.576... = 65 + 51 − 2 × 65 × 51 × cos BCD
−1 1114.244...
3 a) 360 ÷ 24 = 15° 6630 cos BCD = 1114.244... ⇒ BCD = cos = 80.32...°
6630
b) 180 − 15 = 165° −1 1114.244...
6630 cos BCD = 1114.244... ⇒ BCD = cos = 80.32...°
4 Johan is not correct since it does not specify that the 6630
polygon is regular. 1
Hence area = × 65 × 51 × sin 80.32...° = 1634
5 360 ÷ 30 = 12 2
1 2 2
180 − 12 = 168° × 65 × 51 × sin 80.32...° = 1634 m (nearest m )
2
Alternative:
180 × 28 = 5040
38 Perimeter, area and volume
5040 ÷ 30 = 168° 2
1 a) π × 45 × 120 ÷ 1000 = 763 litres (nearest litre)
2 2
b) 2π × 45 + 2π × 45 × 120 = 14 850π cm
35 Pythagoras and trigonometry 2
14 850π ÷ 10 000 = 4.67 m (3 s.f.)
2 2 2
1 a) x = 6 + 3.5 = 48.25 hence x = 48.25 = 6.95 cm 1 4 3 1 2 3
2 a) × π × 1.5 + × π × 1.5 × 9 = 28.3 m
(3 s.f.) 2 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 3 37
b) x = 9.1 − 4.2 = 65.17 hence b) For the cone, l = 1.5 + 9 =
2
x = 65.17 = 8.07 cm (3 s.f.) 1 2 3 37 2
2 2 × 4π × 1.5 + π × 1.5 × = 57.1 m (3 s.f.)
2 1.7 + 4.8 = 25.93 hence the ladder is 2 2
2
25.93 = 5.09 metres long (3 s.f.) 3 π × 8 × 45 ÷ 18 = 160π
3
2 2
25 − 18 = 301 hence the wire should be attached 160π
= 4.93 cm (3 s.f.)
3 4
301 = 17.3 metres from the base of the pole. π
3
4 Let the angle be x
1
1.2 1.2 4 Volume of shed = × 2.4 × 4.1 × 14 = 68.88
sin x = ⇒ x = sin−1 = 17.5° (1 d.p.) 2
4 4 So no, it is not possible to store 70 cubic metres of
1 2 2 hay in the shed.
5 AO = 0.5AC = 12 + 12 = 6 2 2
2 5 Complete circle has area 48 × 10 = 480 cm .
18 −1 18
480
tan HAO = ⇒ HAO = tan = 64.8° (1 d.p.) = 12.4 cm (3 s.f.)
6 2 6 2 π

36 Similarity 39 Constructions and loci

1 a), b) Student constructions
1 a) Angle QPT = angle RPS (same angle)
2 a), b), c) Student constructions
Angle PQT = angle PRS (corresponding angles are
equal)

10

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3 Student constructions, for example:

Answers
A B

2 a)–c)
40 Compound measures 6
y

1 45 ÷ 50 × 60 = 54 km/h 5
2 Volume = mass ÷ density 4
3
246 ÷ 1.2 = 205 cm 3
2 A
3 250 ÷ 8 = 31.25 newtons/m 2
4 27 200 ÷ 77 = 353 people per square km (3 s.f.) C
1

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
41 Transformations –1
–2
1 a)–e) B
y –3
6 –4
5 –5
4 –6
3
P 1
2 d) An enlargement, scale factor , centre (3, 3)
2
1

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x Practise your revision

–1
Q S R 1 AB = BD (tangents meeting at a common point are
–2
–3
equal in length)

–4 Hence angle BAD = 0.5 × (180 − 42) = 69° (base angles

–5
in an isosceles triangle)
–6 Hence angle AED = 69° (alternate segment theorem)
2 a) (16 − 2) × 180 = 2520°
b) Either 2520 ÷ 16 = 157.5° hence exterior angle
= 180 − 157.5 = 22.5°
Or 360 ÷ 16 = 22.5°

11

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 2 2
3 a) 15 + 8 = 289 b)
289 = 17 cm
2 2
b) 20 − 9 = 319
319 = 17.9 cm (3 s.f.)
Answers

2
4 Hypotenuse of base triangle: sin 25° = so
hyp
2
hyp = = 4.732...
sin 25°
Using the second triangle:
4.732...  4.732... 
cos x = ⇒ x = cos−1   = 18.8° (1 d.p.)
5  5 

6c
m
6c

m
2 2
5 Diagonal of base = 10 + 10 = 200
 10 
Hence required angle is tan−1   = 35.3° (1 d.p.)
 200 
6 s.f. = 15 ÷ 5 = 3
DE = 18 ÷ 3 = 6 cm
7 Area s.f. = 184.5 ÷ 82 = 2.25
3 27 6 cm
Volume s.f. = ( 2.25 ) =
8
27 3
Hence volume of cone B = 783 ÷ = 232cm
8
8 a) Using sine rule to find angle CAB:
sin 63° × 20
sinCAB = = 0.636... ⇒ CAB = 39.52...° 12 62 × 2.25 = 139.5 miles
28 5
Hence angle ACB = 77.4736…° 139.5 ÷ 2 = 57.7 mph (3 s.f.)
12
Using cosine rule to find AB: 13 2495 × 132 = 329 340 so to 2 significant figures,
2 2 2
AB = 28 + 20 − 2 × 28 × 20 × cos77.47… = 941.01… population is 330 000
Hence AB = 30.675… = 30.7 cm (3 s.f.)  −4 
Alternative: could use sine rule once angle ACB 14 a) Translation using vector  
 −3 
has been found.
b) Reflection in the line y = −1
1
b) Area = × 20 × 30.675... × sin63° = 273.32... = 273 c) Rotation, 90° anticlockwise about (−1, 1)
2
2 15 a), b) and c)
0.675... × sin63° = 273.32... = 273 cm (3 s.f.)
y
9 Perpendicular height = 12 cm (Pythagorean triple) 6
1 2 3
Hence volume = × π × 5 × 12 = 314 cm (3 s.f.) 5
3
2 2 4
Surface area = π × 5 + π × 5 × 13 = 283 cm (3 s.f.)
3
800
10 r = = 5.7588... 2
3 4
π 1
3
2 2
Hence surface area = 4 × π × 5.7588 … = 417 cm (3 s.f.) –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
11 a)
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
6c
m
6c

6 cm

12

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 Data handling
b) i) Median ≈ 54 mm
Target your revision

Answers
ii) Upper quartile ≈ 61 mm
1 For example, the first question has no option for 2. Lower quartile ≈ 46 mm
It also has no option for people who have either no IQR ≈ 61 − 46 = 15 mm
children, or whose youngest child is 4 or older. 5 Frequency densities are 5, 24, 50, 50 and 16
For example, the second question is a leading
question. Also, there are no response boxes. 60
Better questions:
‘What is the age of your youngest child? 50
0   1   2   3    4 or older
I don’t have any children ’

Frequency density
40
‘Do you think it is a good idea to build the nursery?
Yes   No   Unsure ’
30
2
20
20
18

16
10
14

12 0
Frequency

1 2 3 4 5
10 Mass (grams)

6 a) 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 combinations
8
b) First bread choice is free, so probability of
1
6 picking the same bread the second day is
4
3
4 Hence P(two different breads) =
4
2
42 Questionnaires
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Length, l (mm)
1 a) Small sample size; location is likely to lead to
responses biased in favour of fish and chips
35 × 6 + 45 × 11 + 55 × 19 + 65 × 12 + 75 × 2 b) There is no time frame; the response boxes are
3 a) = 53.6
6 + 11 + 19 + 12 + 2 incomplete – there is no option for 0, or more
19 + 65 × 12 + 75 × 2
= 53.6 mm than 8
+ 12 + 2
b) 50 < l ≤ 60 c) No: the number of takeaways is quantitative. It is
4 a) the type of takeaway that is qualitative
50 2 Collect suitable data and reflect on the
investigation.
3 How many packets of crisps do you eat in a week?
40 A 0 B 1–3 C 4–6 D 7 or more
4 The question is leading. A better question would be
Cumulative frequency

‘Do you think there should be another pedestrian

30
crossing?’ with response boxes, e.g.
A Yes B No C Don’t know
20

43 Statistical diagrams
10 1 a)
Time Tally Frequency
10 < t ≤ 20 IIII 5
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 20 < t ≤ 30 IIII II 7
Length, l (mm) 30 < t ≤ 40 IIII II 7
40 < t ≤ 50 I 1 13

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 b)
44 Statistical averages and
8
spread
2 + 3 + 1 + 0 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 80
Answers

7 1 a) i) = 8.73 (3 s.f.)
11
ii) Order the data: 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 80
6
The median is 2
iii) The mode is 0
5
iv) The range is 80 − 0 = 80
Frequency

b) The median since the mean is distorted by the

4
very large value.
c) 11Q have a larger average number of pets but the
3 spread of number of pets is smaller.
2 a) Extend the table:
2
Mass, grams Frequency Midpoint xf

1
3<m≤4 8 3.5 28
4<m≤5 7 4.5 31.5
0 5<m≤6 12 5.5 66
10 20 30 40 50
Time 6<m≤7 2 6.5 13

28 + 31.5 + 66 + 13
2 Median for bus = 33 and median for train = 38 so on Estimate for the mean = = 4.78
29
average, the passengers on the train are older. grams (3 s.f.)
Range for bus = 48 − 22 = 26 and range for train b) 5 < m ≤ 6
= 57 − 26 = 31 so the spread of ages on the train is
greater. 45 Cumulative frequency
3 a), b)
20
18
curves and box plots
Value (thousands of £)

16
14 1 a) The median is 18
12 b) The lower half of the data is 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18
10
8
so the lower quartile is 15.5
6 c) The upper half of the data is 18, 19, 21, 25, 31, 35
4 so the upper quartile is 23
2
0 d) The inter-quartile range is 23 − 15.5 = 7.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 a)
Age (years) 50
c) Negative correlation
d) £15 000 40
Cumulative frequency

4 a) 35
30
30
25
20
15 20
10
5
10
0
0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1
Frequency (male) Frequency (female) 0
b) The females are on average shorter and have a 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mass, grams
smaller spread of lengths.
5 a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 b) i) An estimate for the median is 5.5 grams.
b) It generates the first five odd numbers ii) Lower quartile = 4.4 and upper quartile = 6.4
so an estimate for the inter-quartile range is
2 grams.
c) 39 beetles

14

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 3 a) Boys

Girls

Answers
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 x
Time

b) The median time for boys is less than for girls so

the boys took on average less time. 47 Probability
The inter-quartile ranges are the same but the 1 a) 1 − 0.24 − 0.18 − 0.3 − 0.16 = 0.12
range for girls is less than that for boys, so the b) 0.18 × 150 = 27
spread of times for girls is less than that for boys. 2 2 × 7 × 3 = 42 different combinations
3 a) Pick 1 Pick 2

46 Histograms and sampling 7 v

12
1 a)
8 v
8
7
13 5
Frequency density

6
12 c
5
4 v
8
3 5 12
2 13
c
1
4
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 12 c
Mass, grams 8 7 14
b) i) × =
b) 48 is three fifths of the way from 45 to 50, so 13 12 39
three fifths of 35 = 21. 8 5 5 8 20
ii) × + × =
18 + 24 + 21 = 63 potatoes 13 12 13 12 39
3
c) There are 92 potatoes altogether so 4 5103 ÷ 9 = 7
24 ÷ 92 × 10 = 2.60 …
There will be 3 potatoes between 40 and Practise your revision
45 grams in the sample.
2 a) Using 35 in the 20–25 class to scale the FD axis 1 a) The first question is leading; the second question
gives a bar height of 7 so each little square going is too open (suggest adding response boxes).
up is 0.2. b) The sample is too small and likely to be biased.
10 × 1.8 = 18 She should ask more people and from a wider
range of locations and times of the day/week.
10 × 2.6 = 26
2
5 × 6.4 = 32 20

20 × 0.6 = 12
15
Length, cm Frequency
Frequency

0 < l ≤ 10 18 10

10 < l ≤ 20 26
5
20 < l ≤ 25 35

25 < l ≤ 30 32
0
12 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
30 < l ≤ 50
Time (seconds)
5 × 18 + 15 × 26 + 22.5 × 35 + 27.5 × 32 + 40 × 12 2627.5
b) = = 21.4
18 + 26 + 35 + 32 + 12 123
+ 27.5 × 32 + 40 × 12 2627.5
= = 21.4 cm (3 s.f.)
32 + 12 123
c) There are 123 cucumbers, so the median is the
nd
62
This lies in the 20–25 class at position 18, so it is
the middle one of the 35 cucumbers in that class.
Hence, an estimate for the median is 22.5 cm. 15

My Revision Notes CCEA GCSE Mathematics Higher

 3 a) and c) b) i) 36 minutes
40 ii) 45 − 28 = 17 minutes
35 6 a)
30 0 5 10 15 20
Answers

25 Maximum daily windspeed (mph)

Spanish

20
b) The maximum daily windspeed in Belfast is, on
15 average, lower than in Enniskillen, and it is also
10 more varied.
5 140
0
7 × 50 = 10.769... so he should ask 11 students.
650
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
8
French
30
b) Positive correlation
25

Frequency density
d) 24 marks
4 a) 650 < m ≤ 700 20

b) 800 − 600 = 200 kg 15

625 × 18 + 675 × 24 + 725 × 21 + 775 × 17 10
c) = 698.125 kg
18 + 24 + 21 + 17 5
5 a) 0
50 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mass, m (grams)

40
264 ÷ ( 4 × 6 ) = 11
Cumulative frequency

9
7 6 10 9 33
30 10 × + × =
17 16 17 16 68

20

10

0
10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (minutes)

16

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