RAC

UNIT -1 ASSIGNMENT
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1. A machine working on reversed Carnot Cycle operates between 300K and
200 K. Determine the COP when it is operated as 1. A refrigerating machine
2. A heat pump.
2. Compare various air-cooling systems used for aircraft with the help of DART
and Mach Number.
3. What is regenerative air-cooling system? Explain in brief.
4. What do you mean by refrigeration effect and unit of refrigeration?
5. Describe boot-strap cycle of air refrigeration system.
6. Differentiate open and closed air refrigeration system.
7. Explain Dry air rated temperature (DART)
8. Draw the schematic diagram of simple vapor absorption refrigeration
system.
9. What do mean by one tonne of refrigeration?
10. Define COP.
11. Discuss Boot- strap air evaporative cooling system with the help schematic
and T-s diagram.
12. Drive the expression for COP of simple air evaporative cooling system with
the help schematic and T-s diagram.

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS:

13. An air refrigerator working on Bell Coleman cycle takes air into the
compressor at 1 bar and 268 K. It is compressed in the compressor to 5 bar
and cooled to 298 K at the same pressure. It is further expanded in the
expander to 1 bar and discharged to take the cooling load. The isentropic
efficiencies of the compressor and expander are 85% and 90% respectively.
Determine: 1. Refrigeration capacity of the system if the air circulated is 40
kg/min; 2. Power required for the compressor 3. COP of the system.

14. Air refrigeration used for food storage provides 25TR. The temperature of air
entering the compressor is 70 C and the temperature at exit of cooler is 270
C. Find COP of the cycle and power per ton of refrigeration required by the
compressor. The quantity air circulated in the system is 3000 kg/h. the
compression and expansion both follows the law pv1.3 = C and take ratio of
specific heat as 1.4 and Cp = 1 kJ/kgK.
15. The cock pit of a jet plane flying at a speed of 1200 km/h is to be cooled by a
simple air cooling system. The cock pit is to be maintained at 25°C and the
pressure in the cock pit is 1 bar. The ambient air pressure and temperature
are 0.85 bar and 30°C. The other data available is as follows: Cock-pit cooling
load= 10 TR; Main compressor pressure ratio =4; Ram efficiency = 90%;
Temperature of air leaving the heat exchanger and entering the cooling
turbine = 60°C; pressure drop in the heat exchanger= 0.5 bars; Pressure loss
between the cooler turbine and cock pit = 0.2 bar. Assuming the isentropic
efficiencies of main compressor and cooler turbine as 80%, find the quantity
of air passed through the cooling turbine and C. O.P. of the system. Take γ =
1.4 and CP = 1 kJ/kg K.
16. In a refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle, air is drawn into the
cylinder of the compressor from the cold chamber at 1 bar and -30C.
After reversible adiabatic compression to 5 bar, the air is cooled at
constant pressure to a temperature of 170C, after subsequent
polytropic expansion (pv1.25=C) to 1 bar in the expansion cylinder,
the air is passed to the cold chamber. Sketch the p-v and T-s dig of
the cycle and determine for unit mass flow of the air:
i. Refrigeration effect
ii. Work expended and
iii. COP
17. In an aircraft refrigeration unit of a cooling load of 12 TR, the
atmospheric temperature and pressure are 120C and 0.9 bar
respectively. This pressure increases to 1.01 bar due to ramming
effect. The air is bled from the engine compressor at 3.5 bar and
passed through the air-cooled heat exchanger where its
temperature is reduced by 500, the air is then expanded in the
cooling turbine, delivered to the aircraft cabin and subsequently
leaves the aircraft at 200C. The pressure in the cabin is 1.03 bar.
Calculate the power required to undertake the cooling load and
COP of the system.
18. A 15-ton aircraft refrigeration plant operates on Boot-strap cooling
system. The conditions of ambient air are 170C and 0.95 bar. Due to
isentropic ramming action, the pressure of air is increased to 1.2 bar.
The pressures of air discharge from main compressor and auxiliary
compressor are 3.2 bar and 4.2 bar respectively. 15% of the enthalpy
of air discharged from main compressor is removed in the first heat
exchanger and 35% of the enthalpy of the air discharged from the
auxiliary compressor is removed in the second heat exchanger using
rammed air. Subsequently, the air is expanded in the turbine with 85%
isentropic efficiency and discharged into the cabin at 1.013 bar
pressure. The air is finally exited to the atmosphere at a temperature
which is not to exceed 250C. Assuming the isentropic efficiency of
both the compressors 80%, determine (a) power required to take the
cabin load (b) COP of the system.
19. In an open cycle air refrigeration machine, air is drawn from a cold chamber at
-2oC and 1 bar and compressed to 11 bar. It is then cooled at this pressure,
to the cooler temperature of 20oC and then expanded in expansion cylinder
and returned to the cold room. The compression and expansion are isentropic
and follows the law pv1.4 = constant. Sketch the p-v and T-s diagrams of the
cycle and for a refrigeration of 15 tonnes. Determine: 1) theoretical C.O.P., 2)
rate of circulation of the air in kg/min, and 3) piston displacement per minute
in the compressor and expander.

20. A Bell Coleman refrigerator operates between pressure limits of 1.1 bar and 5
bar. The temperatures at the suction to the compressor, and inlet to the
expander are 27°C and 37°C, respectively. Isentropic efficiencies of the
compressor and expander are 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. Determine the
power input to the compressor, if the refrigerator produces cooling at the rate
of 50 TR.
21. In an open cycle air refrigeration machine, air is drawn from a cold chamber at
-2oCand 1 bar and compressed to 11 bar. It is then cooled at this pressure, to
the cooler temperature of 20oC and then expanded in expansion cylinder and
returned to the cold room. The compression and expansion are isentropic and
follows the law pv1.4 = constant. Sketch the p-v and T-s diagrams of the cycle
and for a refrigeration of 15 tonnes. Determine: 1) theoretical C.O.P., 2) rate
of circulation of the air in kg/min, and 3) piston displacement per minute in the
compressor and expander.
22. A Bell Coleman refrigerator operates between pressure limits of 1.1 bar and 5
bar. The temperatures at the suction to the compressor, and inlet to the
expander are 27°C and 37°C, respectively. Isentropic efficiencies of the
compressor and expander are 0.80 and 0.82, respectively. Determine the
power input to the compressor, if the refrigerator produces cooling at the rate
of 50 TR.