INTERPRETING

FINAL PROJECT

BY

NAME : NI MADE SUKRENI VIRGIANTI

NIM : 1612021112
CLASS : 6D

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN GANESHA

SINGARAJA

2019
AN ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES IN CONSECUTIVE AND
SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Introduction
There are millions of languages in this world which means that different
country has different language. In relation with different languages in the world, of
course if we want to go to another country, we have to be able to speak its language.
For example, if we want to go to America which use English to communicate, we
must be able to speak English in order to be able communicating with people there.
Additionally, when American comes to Indonesia, they also have to be able to speak
Bahasa Indonesia. However, if they are not, there is someone who will translate and
interpret Bahasa Indonesia into English for them.
Translating and interpreting are two different things, but related with each
other. Translating is rendering the original language into the target language (English
into Indonesia/ Indonesia into English) without changing the meaning itself.
Generally, translator only translates written text which means that translator must
have a good writing skill. Meanwhile, interpreting is rendering the language from
original language into target language but the meaning of the sentences or utterance is
interpreted. Additionally, interpreting is rendering spoken language which means an
interpreter should have a good listening as well as speaking skill since she/he will
translate the language directly.
As what has explained that interpreting is translating spoken language directly.
An interpreter can interpret the language directly after the native speakers finish their
utterance in 1-5 minutes, then the utterance will be interpreted into the target
language. this mode is called as consecutive interpreting. As stated by Gile (2001)
that consecutive interpreting has a time to think and order the idea before the
interpreter produce or translate the language. in addition, there is also a modes of
interpreting which is called as simultaneous interpreting which means that the
interpreter will directly translate the language when the native speaker speaks
(Eraslan, 2018). Moreover, in direct interpretation, there must be difficulties that are
faced by the interpreter, whether in consecutive or simultaneous interpreting. Thus,
this paper will analyze the problems as well as the strategies that will be used to
overcome the problems both in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Problems
The problems arise in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting must be
similar since it interprets the language directly. There are some problems arise in
consecutive and simultaneous interpreting:
a. The native speaker tends to speak too fast that make the interpreter feels
overtaken and must quickly to arrange the ideas that will be interpreted.
This problem will lead to the other problems that is there will be a
possibility of error in interpreting the language. Additionally, when the
native speaker speaks too fast, the voice can be clear that makes a different
interpretation from the original language into the target language.
b. The length and complexity of the sentences that can affect the interpreter
performance in interpreting the text. This problem will affect the
interpreter fluency in interpreting the language since it is too complex
there will be something that is missing in order to make it short. But then,
there will be different interpretation with the original language.
c. Translate the terms in different culture which refers to the problem that
arose from the interpreting. The interpreter should know the language as
well as the culture. If does not, the interpreter will interpret the language
differently from the actual meaning in original language. The culture also
refers to the level of formality in the interpreter. Whether the subject is
formal, less formal or even non-formal.

B. Strategies that can be done when the problems arose

An interpreter may commit an error when interpreting. Error here can be
overcome, can be not depends on the error and the interpreter itself. The error made
by an interpreter will lead to the different interpretation of original language and
target language. Thus, to minimize the error in interpreting, there are several strategies
that can be done to overcome the problem arose. The strategies of interpreting
between consecutive and simultaneous interpreting will be different or similar. There
are the strategies that can be done:
1. For the first problem is the native speaker tens to speak too fast. For the
consecutive interpreting, the problem can be overcome through note taking
(Gile, 2001). Since consecutive has time to listen, take a note as well as
arranging the ideas that will be translated, it will make the consecutive
interpreter would be easier because they can take a note. Additionally,
taking note also must be faster than the usual taking note because it
overtaken by limited time. Usually, in taking note, it uses abbreviation that
only understood by the interpreter. The abbreviation or symbol that can be
used is 4 u : for you, 2 u : to you, 4ever : forever. The function of note
taking is to make the interpreter easier to remember about the utterance of
the native speaker. the interpreter only takes a note for the important word
that as a key word on the conversation.
 Meanwhile in simultaneous interpreting, note taking couldn’t be done
because as we all know, in this mode the interpreter is interpreting the
language directly when the native speaker is speaking. Thus, the
simultaneous interpreting doesn’t have time to take e not because they
should produce the translation of the language directly. Therefore, to
overcome this problem, the interpreter should have a knowledge about
what is the topic for the discussion. It will really helpful for the interpreter
if they the topic, it would make them easier because they already know
about the terms on the topic. Further, it doesn’t matter if the native
speaker speaks too fast.

2. The second problem which is about the length and complexity of the
sentences that lead to the interpreter’s fluency in interpreting (Eraslan,
2018). The strategy to overcome this problem is reduction which refers to
the omitting the part of the sentences which is not important than only take
the important words in order to be efficient in interpreting (Eris, 2016).
This is a good strategy to be done if there is a length and complex sentence
since there is limited time for the consecutive and even no time to think for
the simultaneous interpreter.
Both of simultaneous and consecutive interpreter can do this reduction
strategy in order to be efficient in interpreting the language. In here, the
interpreter only will take the important words that will be translated into
the target language. By using this strategy also can reduce the different
interpretation of the interpreter in interpreting long and complex
sentences.

3. The third problem is different culture, can be term and formality of the
subject being interpreted. This problem is faced by the consecutive and
simultaneous interpreter. Here is the strategy both for consecutive and
simultaneous interpreter:
a. For the problem of different culture, it can be done through
generalize the term into the target language (Erlin, 2016). However,
the interpreter must have a knowledge about the culture itself in
order to be able to interpret the term of original language into the
target language. Generalize can be done through make explain the
term into general in order to make all of the audience understand
about the term in culture.
b. For the problem about formality of the subject, it also must be
considered by the interpreter (Gile, 2001). The interpreter should
know the formality of the subject and the context of interpreting.
This is very important because it will affect the interpreter in
interpreting the language. For example, the interpreter should have
a decision whether use (san vs. Mr. or Mrs.) to refer the social
status of the audience, and etc. Thus, the point is the interpreter
should have a knowledge about the context whether it is fomal, less
formal or even non-formal.
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that there are several problems arose
in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. The problems are the speakers speaks too fast,
length and complexity of the sentences, and term in culture and formality of the subject.
These problems can affect the interpretation of the interpreter. Thus, it can be overcome by
conducting several strategies including taking note and has a knowledge about the topic that
is being discussed, the reduction of less important words in complex and length sentences, the
last is know the context of interpretation, whether it s formal, less formal and non-formal, the
interpreter also can generalize the term in different culture. Those strategies can be done to
minimize the different interpretation between original language into target language.
References:
Eraslan, Ş. (2018). JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES The
impact of sentence length and complexity on fluency in Turkish-English
simultaneous interpreting, 14(3), 145–153. Retrieved from
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1193207.pdf

Gile, D. (2001). Consecutive vs . Simultaneous : Which is more accurate ?

Interpretation Studies, (1), 8–20. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3ae6/66dca147c50e186af52c6d43b2970051dc8a.
pdf

Eris, 2016. INFORMASI DAN BELAJAR: HAL-HAL YANG HARUS

DIKUASAI DALAM PENERJEMAHAN LISAN (INTERPRETING) SERTA
KORELASINYA DENGAN JURUSAN BAHASA INGGRIS. Retrieved from
http://eris041294.blogspot.com/2016/10/hal-hal-yang-harus-dikuasai-dalam.html