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Population 1
Population 1
C zero
C population
distribution
the way that the population spread out in the region i.e. densely, moderately
C Population
Explosion
or sparsely.
C birth
C migration
the movement of people from one place to another place.
number
C life
C death
C net
number
C under
population
and emigration.
C infant
C population
mortality
number of babies per thousand who die before reaching one year old.
C over
the
total
resources.
C Natural
C population
increase
pyramid
C optimum
an resoures.
C Natural
C young
decrease
dependents
C population
area.
density
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C old
animal
farming
as
well
as
Soil : Fertile soil (alluvial soil with crops. Example: Volcanic soil of Java in Indonesia On the other hand, infertile soil hinder farming crops as well as animals. Example: Central Australia Mineral Resources : Coal, iron ore, oil, gas and and gold mines attract settlers promote industrial mineral resources as nutrients) allows rich growth of
transport routes and industries. Example: Indo-Gangetic Plain in India On the other hand, high areas and are
C working
population
they are active people whose age are between 15 to 55 and can produce and do service.
C dependency
ratio
Example: Himalayan highlands, swampy areas of Eastern Sumatra in Indonesia Climate : Moderate and rainfall permit and comfortable living. Example: South-East Australia On the other hand, extreme temperature agriculture
C ageing
country country.
population / greying population the number of old dependents in a that cause problems to the
development. Example: Ruhr Industrial Area in Germany On the other hand, lack of mineral resournces discourage settlement. Example: The Sahel in Africa
temperatures (too hot or too cold) and very little rainfall (or dry) make agriculture impossible and living uncomfortable. Example: The Sahara in Africa, The Antarctica
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and
Accessibility even
Communication encourage
do not attract people and also few jobs available. Example: Temburong District in Brunei Darussalam
links, good roads, railway tracks water-ways trade, industries and development. Example: Sydney in Australia, Singapore
Java), highly
On links
the
other
hand, trade
poor and
communication discourage development. Example: The Amazon Rainforest in Brazil Economic Factors : Highly developed areas attract people due to more job opportunities areas Example: Damodar Valley in India On the other hand, less developed areas as in industrial
coastlands (e.g.
Europe),
lands
Indo-Pakistan),
(e.g.
savanna populated
arid
deserts
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APopulation Density
It is the number of people per unit area of a country. The population density of an area or a whole nation can be calculated using this formula: Population = people Density total country number of area of the
A population pyramid graphically displays a populations age and sex structure. By showing numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group, the pyramid gives a clear picture of a populations characteristics. The horizontal axis shows the percentage of males or females of a certain age group. The vertical axis has groups of years in age. The sum of the age and sex groups in the pyramid equals 100% of the population.
Case Study: The number of people that can survive in any one area is dependent on the environment and the level of technology.
India
Population pyramid
Case Study:
United Kingdom
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Indonesia
20-30 per 1000
Thailand Singapore
Death Rate = 5 per 1000 Immigration = 3 per 1000 Emigration = 5 per 1000 Total Change in Population = (305)+3-5 = 23 per 1000 It means 2.3% or 23,000 people more per year.
Somalia (Africa)
10-20 per 1000
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extensive educational trainings about family planning and the value of raising a small family improving the standard of living legalisation of abortion and usage of contraceptives government must provide more job opportunities to local women
Revision Exercise
Structured Questions: 1. What is population density? 2. How is population density calculated? Use the following figures to work out the density of a country X. Country X Area : 10,000 km2 Population : 1 million 3. What is infant mortality? Why does this occur in a developing country? 4. Study the birth rate and death rate figures of two countries A and B. Country A Birth Rate : 25 per Death Rate : 10 per Country B Birth Rate : 10 per Death Rate : 12 per
underpopulation
and When there are too few people in a country to fully exploit the resources then that country is experiencing underpopulation. Problems: working people and government have to support the increasing number of elderly people some resources are not fully exploited shortage of labour force Solutions: to overcome the labour shortage, (a) raising the retirement age of workers (b) housewives can start working in flexible hours system (c) bringing foreign workers to work government must provide fund for the elderly people improve the standard of living for the elderly contributors
Overpopulation
When there are too many people in a country for the resources like land, water and food to support, we can say that there is an overpopulation. Problems: insufficient food production poor health pollution high crime rates poor sanitation poor housing and educational system caused traffic jams insufficient number of jobs Solutions: educate people about birth control measures
(i) Which country experiences a natural increase of population? How do you calculate the natural increase?
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(ii) Which country has a natural decrease? Give your reason for the answer. 5. If a country experiences overpopulation, then there are reasons for it. Explain some solutions to solve the overpopulation of the country.
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