What is Artificial Neural Network?

An Artificial neural network is usually a computational network based on biological neural

networks that construct the structure of the human brain. Similar to a human brain has neurons
interconnected to each other, artificial neural networks also have neurons that are linked to each
other in various layers of the networks. These neurons are known as nodes.

The typical Artificial Neural Network is:

Relationship between Biological neural network and artificial neural network:

Biological Neural Network Artificial Neural Network

Dendrites Inputs

Cell nucleus Nodes

Synapse Weights
Axon Output

The architecture of an artificial neural

network:
Artificial Neural Network primarily consists of three layers:

Input Layer:

As the name suggests, it accepts inputs in several different formats provided by the
programmer.

Hidden Layer:

The hidden layer presents in-between input and output layers. It performs all the
calculations to find hidden features and patterns.

AD

Output Layer:

The input goes through a series of transformations using the hidden layer, which finally
results in output that is conveyed using this layer.

The artificial neural network takes input and computes the weighted sum of the inputs
and includes a bias. This computation is represented in the form of a transfer function.
It determines weighted total is passed as an input to an activation function to produce
the output. Activation functions choose whether a node should be chosen or not.

Advantages of Artificial Neural Network

(ANN)
1. Parallel processing capability
2. Storing data on the entire network
3. Capability to work with incomplete knowledge
4. Having a memory distribution
5. Having fault tolerance

Disadvantages of Artificial Neural Network

1. Assurance of proper network structure

2. Unrecognized behavior of the network

3. Hardware dependence

4. Difficulty of showing the issue to the network

5. The duration of the network is unknown

How do artificial neural networks work?

The Artificial Neural Network receives the input signal from the external source in
the form of a pattern and image in the form of a vector. These inputs are then
mathematically assigned by the notations x(n) for every n number of inputs.
  each of the input is multiplied by its corresponding weights. These weights normally
represent the strength of the interconnection between neurons inside the artificial neural
network.
 If the weighted sum is equal to zero, then bias is added to make the output non-zero or
something else to scale up to the system's response. Bias has the same input, and weight
equals to 1. Here the total of weighted inputs can be in the range of 0 to positive infinity.
Here, to keep the response in the limits of the desired value, a certain maximum value is
benchmarked, and the total of weighted inputs is passed through the activation function.
 The activation function refers to the set of transfer functions used to achieve the desired
output.

Applications of Neural Networks

 Aerospace − Autopilot aircrafts, aircraft fault detection.
 Automotive − Automobile guidance systems.
 Military − Weapon orientation and steering, target tracking,
object discrimination, facial recognition, signal/image
identification.
 Electronics − Code sequence prediction, IC chip layout, chip
failure analysis, machine vision, voice synthesis.
 Financial − Real estate appraisal, loan advisor, mortgage
screening, corporate bond rating, portfolio trading program,
corporate financial analysis, currency value prediction,
document readers, credit application evaluators.
 Industrial − Manufacturing process control, product design and
analysis, quality inspection systems, welding quality analysis,
paper quality prediction, chemical product design analysis,
dynamic modeling of chemical process systems, machine
maintenance analysis, project bidding, planning, and
management.
 Medical − Cancer cell analysis, EEG and ECG analysis,
prosthetic design, transplant time optimizer.
 Speech − Speech recognition, speech classification, text to
speech conversion.
 Telecommunications − Image and data compression, automated
information services, real-time spoken language translation.
 Transportation − Truck Brake system diagnosis, vehicle
scheduling, routing systems.
 Software − Pattern Recognition in facial recognition, optical
character recognition, etc.
 Time Series Prediction − ANNs are used to make predictions on
stocks and natural calamities.
 Signal Processing − Neural networks can be trained to process an
audio signal and filter it appropriately in the hearing aids.
 Control − ANNs are often used to make steering decisions of
physical vehicles.
 Anomaly Detection − As ANNs are expert at recognizing patterns,
they can also be trained to generate an output when
something unusual occurs that misfits the pattern.