POLS 1503 – Globalization

University of the People

Learning Journal Unit 4

 I agree that technology and globalization increase the chance of inequality, but this is not an

inevitable outcome. The reasons for this stance, supported by the readings and discussions, are

multifaceted and hinge on how technology and globalization are managed and regulated.

Agreement: Technology and Globalization Can Increase Inequality

Access and Adoption

The rapid pace of technological advancement and globalization has disproportionately

benefited those with the means and skills to access new technologies. In Myanmar, like in many

developing countries, there's a digital divide that leaves rural and poorer communities behind.

This divide is not just about access to technology but also about the ability to effectively use it,

which requires education and skills that are unevenly distributed.

Job Displacement

The reading from West (2015) on the impact of emerging technologies on employment

highlights a global concern that is very relevant to Myanmar. As automation and AI become

more prevalent, there's a real risk of significant job displacement. In Myanmar, where a large

portion of the economy is agriculture-based and informal, the vulnerability to job displacement

due to technological advancements is particularly acute.

Economic Concentration

Globalization, facilitated by technology, tends to concentrate wealth and economic power

in the hands of a few, often multinational corporations. This can lead to increased economic

inequality within countries, including Myanmar. The benefits of globalization, such as increased
foreign investment, do not automatically trickle down to the broader population without targeted

policies to ensure equitable distribution.

Reflections on Myanmar

Reflecting on Myanmar, the potential for technology and globalization to exacerbate

inequality is clear. However, the discussion around M-Pesa's success in Kenya, as outlined by

Ndung'u (2017), offers valuable lessons for Myanmar. It shows that with supportive policies and

a conducive regulatory environment, technology can be harnessed to improve financial inclusion

and reduce inequality. Myanmar's increasing mobile penetration and efforts to enhance financial

inclusion present an opportunity to leverage technology positively. However, the political

instability and infrastructural constraints pose significant challenges to achieving this.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while I agree that technology and globalization increase the chance of

inequality, this is not a foregone conclusion. The experience of Kenya with M-Pesa, as discussed

by Ndung'u (2017), provides a blueprint for how Myanmar could leverage technology to foster

inclusion rather than exacerbate inequality. It underscores the importance of a supportive

regulatory environment, targeted policies to ensure equitable access to technology, and initiatives

to enhance digital literacy. By addressing these areas, Myanmar can mitigate the risks associated

with technology and globalization and harness them for inclusive growth.
References

Ndung'u, N. (2017). Regulatory environment and technological innovation in Africa: Any

tension? (Chapter 3). Foresight Africa 2017 Report. Brookings Institute.

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/global_20170109_foresight_africa_cha

pter-3.pdf

West, D.M. (2015). What happens if robots take the jobs? The impact of emerging technologies

on employment and public policy. Center for Technology Innovation at Brookings.

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/robotwork.pdf