Solutions

2. Solutions

Classical Thinking

2.1 Introduction 5. (C)

1. (A) 2. (C) P10  P1 50  45 5
x2 = 0
= = = 0.1
P 50 50
2.2 Types of solutions 1

6. (A)
1. (C) 2. (C)
2.8 Boiling point elevation
3. (A) 4. (A)

ns
2.3 Capacity of solutions to dissolve solute 1. (B) 2. (B)

1. (B) 3. (B)
For ideal solution,
2.4 Solubility Tb = Kb  molality of the solution

io
1. (A) Tb
 Kb =
molality
2. (D)
As solids are incompressible, change of pressure

at
4. (D)
has no effect on solubility of solids in liquids.
5. (A)
3. (C)
When gases are dissolved in water, the gas 6. (A)
lic
molecules in liquid phase are condensed. The
Kb =
Tb
=
373.23  373.15 0.08
=
condensation is an exothermic process. Hence, m 0.15 0.15
the solubility of gases in water decreases with = 0.53 K kg mol–1
increase in temperature.
ub
7. (C)
4. (B)
Henry’s law states that the solubility of a gas in 2.9 Depression in freezing point
a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure
of the gas over the solution. 1. (B) 2. (C)
P

5. (D) 3. (D) 4. (B)

2.5 Vapour pressure of solutions of liquids in 5. (B)
et

liquids
6. (A)
1. (A) 2. (B) Tf = Kf  m
3. (C) 4. (D)  0.184 = m  18.4
rg

0.184
5. (B) =
m = 0.01 mol kg–1
18.4
2.6 Colligative properties of nonelectrolyte
7. (D)
solutions
Ta

1. (C) 2. (C)
2.10 Osmotic pressure
3. (A) 1. (C) 2. (A)
2.7 Vapour pressure lowering 3. (D) 4. (C)

1. (C) 2. (A) 5. (A)

3. (A) 6. (C)
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property i.e.,
4. (B)
depends only on the number of solute particles
The relative lowering of vapour pressure of a
in the solution. When mole fraction of the
solution is equal to mole fraction of the solute.
solvent decreases, mole fraction of solute
P
= x2 = 0.3 increases, which in turn results in increase in
P10
osmotic pressure.
1
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

7. (C) 3. (A)
If  is the osmotic pressure of a dilute solution On complete dissociation, calcium chloride
then, V = nRT where n = moles of solute CaCl2 gives three ions. Hence, van’t Hoff factor
(i) is 3.
nRT
 =
V 4. (C)
1 Na3PO4 gives a maximum of four ions, thus, it
 at constant T :   will show highest van’t Hoff factor.
V
at constant V and n :   T and 5. (D)
V = constant if T and n are constant Due to dissociation, the number of particles
 The incorrect statement is   V when T is increases. Hence, van’t Hoff factor also
constant. increases.

ns
8. (B) 9. (A) 6. (D)
10. (C) 11. (C)  = iMRT = i W2 RT
M 2V
2.11 Colligative properties of electrolytes

io
1. (C) 2. (A)

at
Critical Thinking

4 1
2.1 Introduction S 3.12 10 mol L
lic KH =
P
=
0.24bar
1. (C)
= 13  104 mol L1 bar–1
The component of a solution which is in smaller
proportion is called solute. = 1.3  10–3 mol L1 bar–1
ub
8. (C)
2.2 Types of solutions
According to Henry’s law, S = KH P
1. (D) S 13.6 104 mol L1
All the three states of matter i.e., solid, liquid  KH = 
P 2 bar
and gas may play role of either solvent or solute
P

when forming a solution. = 6.8  104 mol L1 bar1

Solubility of N2 if partial pressure of N2 is
2. (B) 3. (D) 1.56 bar,
S = KHP
et

2.3 Capacity of solutions to dissolve solute

S = 6.8  104 mol L1 bar1  1.56 bar
1. (A) = 1.0608  103 mol L1
2.4 Solubility 2.5 Vapour pressure of solutions of liquids in
rg

1. (C) liquids
Sugar dissolves in water because the dissolution 1. (C)
of sugar in water is due to intermolecular Vapour pressure is independent of volume of the
Ta

hydrogen bonding between sugar and water. container. Since, all other factors remain same,
2. (B) 3. (D) vapour pressure of water remains unchanged.
4. (C) 5. (B) 2. (A)
P1 = P10 x1
6. (C)
Gases like NH3 and CO2 react with water as P1 = 40 mm Hg  0.40 = 16 mm Hg
follows: 3. (A)
 NH 4 + OH–
NH3 + H2O  P1 = P10 x1
CO2 + H2O 
 H2CO3 78
 P1 = 75  78
7. (C) 78 46

According to Henry’s law, S = KHP 78 92
Given S = 3.12 10–4 mol L1, P = 0.24 bar  P1 = 50 torr

2
 

Chapter 2: Solutions
4. (D) W2 18
0.002
= ×
There are two volatile liquids A and B. Using M 2 1000
Dalton’s law of partial pressure, W2
 Psolution = PA + PB = = 0.111 mol
M2
 Psolution = xA PA0 + xB PB0
W2 1000 1000
 xA = 1  xB = 1  0.2 Molality
= × = 0.111 
M2 W1 1000
 xA = 0.8
= 0.111 m
PA0 = 70 Torr
Psolution = 84 Torr (1 Torr = 1 mm of Hg) 5. (A)
Now, Psolution = 0.8  70 + 0.2  PB0 Mass of benzene = volume  density
= 56.8  0.889 = 50.495 g
 84
= 0.8  70 + 0.2  PB0
50.495
84  (0.8  70) = 0.2  PB0 Moles of benzene = = 0.6474

ns
78
84   0.8  70  84  56 28 P10  P1
 PB0 =   = 140 Torr n
0.2 0.2 0.2 = 2
P10 n1
PB0 = vapour pressure of pure B = 140 Torr.
100  98.88 n2

io
 =
5. (B) 100 0.6474
 n2 = 0.007251 mol
2.6 Colligative properties of nonelectrolyte
Number of molesof solute

at
solutions  Molality
=
Mass of solvent in kg
1. (A) 0.007251
Refractive index and vapour pressure do not = = 0.144 m
50.495 103
lic
depend on the number of particles in solution.
6. (C)
2.7 Vapour pressure lowering P10  P1 W ×M
0 = 2 1
1. (A) P1 W1 × M 2
ub
P10  P1 640  600 2.175× 78
= N2  =
P10 640 39.08× M 2
But N1 + N2 = 1  M2 = 69.5 g mol1
( sum of the mole fractions of the solute 7. (C)
P

and solvent is equal to one) P10  P1 W ×M

 N1 = 1  N2 = 2 1
P10 W1 × M 2
P0  P 3000  2985 5  18
et

 N1 = 1  1 0 1  =
P1 3000 100  M 2
N1 =
P10  P10  P1  M2 = 180 g mol1
P10
rg

8. (B)
 P1 = P10 N1
P10  P1 W ×M
= 2 1
2. (A) P10 W1 × M 2
P10  P1
Ta

10 2  78
= x2 
P10 750 78  M 2
0.2 2  78  750
 = 0.25 = x2  M2 = = 150 g mol1
0.8 10  78

3. (A) 9. (A)
P1 = 750 mm Hg P10  P1 W ×M
P10 = 760 mm Hg at 373 K
= 2 1
P10 W1 × M 2
P10  P1 760  750 10 1 0.3 20  18
x2 =   = =
P10
760 760 76 17.54 100  M 2
4. (A) 20  18  17.54
M2 = = 210.48  210.5 g mol1
ΔP W2 M1 100  0.3
=
P10 M 2 W1 10. (A)
3
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

2.8 Boiling point elevation 3. (A)
342
1. (C) Tf = Kf  m = 1.86  = 1.86 K = 1.86 C
342
 0.1 
Tb = Kb  m = 0.513  1000  Tf = Freezing point of solvent
 200 
 Freezing point of solution
= 0.2565 C
 Freezing point of solution
 Tb = (100 + 0.256) C = 100.256 C.
= Freezing point of solvent – Tf
2. (C) = (0 – 1.86)C = – 1.86 C
 X
Tb = Kb  m = X  0.2 =   C 4. (C)
5
1000  K f  W2
 Boiling point of the solution = Boiling point of M2 =
Tf  W1

ns
X
pure solvent + Tb = (A + ) C M 2  Tf  W1
5 W2 =
1000  K f
3. (B)
For 0.1 molal solution : Tb = (100.16 – 100) C 60  0.186  500 6 5 30

io
W2 = = = =3g
= 0.16 C. 1.86  1000 10 10
Solvent is same in both solutions, hence, Kb is
constant. 5. (B)

at
Tb = Kb  m Tf  W1  M 2
W2 =
(DTb )1 m1 1000  K f
 =
(DTb )2 m 2 1.05 100  9000
= = 192.86 g  193 g
(Tb)2 =
(D Tb )1 ´ m 2
=
0.16 ´ 0.5
lic
= 0.8 C
1000  4.9
m1 0.1
6. (B)
 for 0.5 molal solution : Tb = 0.8 C Tf = 0.93 K
Hence, boiling point of glucose solution
ub
K f  W2  1000 1.86  6  1000
= (100 + 0.8) C M2 = =
Tf  W1 0.93  100
= 100.8 C.
= 120 g mol1
4. (B)
1000K b W2 1000  0.52  3  Molar mass of x = 120 g mol1
P

M2 =  = 15.0 g/mol
Tb W1 0.52  200 7. (D)
Tf = 273 – 272.07 = 0.93 K
5. (B) 1.86  6.8  1000
K f  W2  1000
et

1000K b W2 1000  2.16  0.11 M2 = =

M2 =  Tf  W1 0.93  100
Tb W1 0.1  15
1 1
= 136 g mol1
= 158.40 g mol  158 g mol
rg

8. (D)
6. (D) K f  1000  W2 5.11000  4.8
K  W2  1000 2.53  10  1000 M2 = =
M2 = b = Tf  W1  5.5  4.48  60
Tb  W1 1 100
Ta

5.1  4.8
= 253 g mol–1 = = 400 g mol1
1.02  60  10 3
7. (B) 9. (A)
K  W2  1000 0.52  6  1000
M2 = b = = 60 g mol1 M2 =
K f  1000  W2
Tb  W1 0.52  100 Tf  W1
5.12  1000  1
2.9 Depression in freezing point = = 256 g mol1
0.40  50
1. (C)
Kf is independent of solution concentration. 10. (A)
Kf depends only on the nature of the solvent. K f  1000  W2
M2 =
Tf  W1
2. (C)
Tf = Kf m = 1.86  0.05 = 0.093 K 5.12  1000  0.440
= = 178.9 g mol1
 Freezing point = (273  0.093) K = 272.907 K 0.567  22.2

4
 

Chapter 2: Solutions
11. (D) 2.11 Colligative properties of electrolytes
Tf = 0.186 K 1. (A)
Tf = Kf  m NaCl  +
 Na + Cl
–

ΔTf 0.186K Total particles in container I = 0.2 mol

 m= = = 0.1 mol kg−1
Kf 1.86K kg mol1 Total particles in container II = 0.5 mol
Tb = Kb  m Total particles in container III = 1 mol
The solution having more number of particles
 Tb = 0.512 K kg mol1  0.1 mol kg−1 will have large boiling point elevation and thus
= 0.0512 K will have higher boiling point.
Boiling point of solution
2. (B)
= Boiling point of water + Tb AlCl3 furnishes more ions than CaCl2 and thus
= (373 + 0.0512) K = 373.0512 K shows higher boiling point i.e., t1 > t2.

ns
2.10 Osmotic pressure 3. (A)
1. (B) NaCl gives maximum ions; hence, it will show
highest osmotic pressure.
2. (A)

io
T = 17C = 290 K 4. (C)
n2 BaCl2  Ba2+ + 2Cl = 3 ions
 = MRT = RT NaCl  Na+ + Cl = 2 ions
V
Glucose  No ionization

at
1.75
342  0.0821  290 = 0.81 atm.  Order of osmotic pressure:
=
150 BaCl2 > NaCl > Glucose
1000 5. (B)
Caution - Q.2
lic Lesser the number of particles in solution, lesser
the depression in freezing point, i.e., freezing
While calculating  using the formula,  = MRT,
always ensure to convert temperature from Celsius point is higher. As the number of particles
scale to Kelvin scale. obtained in case of dissolving of sugar to form a
ub
solution is least compared to the others, 0.1 m
3. (B) sugar solution will have a higher freezing point.
Isotonic solution means molar concentrations 6. (B)
are same. 0.5 M (3.0 g L–1) urea solution and 0.5 M
P

Mboric acid = Msucrose (17.10 g L–1) sucrose or sugar solution exhibit

1.63 20 same osmotic pressure, hence, termed as
 m = 342 isotonic solution.
450 1000
et

7. (C)
where m = molar mass of boric acid CaCl2 gives maximum ions in solution hence, it
1.63 3421000 has minimum freezing point.
 m
=
20  450
rg

8. (A)
4. (D) 9. (D)
=MRT NaCl  Na+ + Cl = 2 ions
 2.5 K2SO4  2K+ + SO 24  = 3 ions
Ta

 M
= = = 0.1025 M
RT 0.0821 297 K2SO4 gives maximum ions in solution, so it
5. (B) shows maximum depression in freezing point.
W2 1 10. (D)
π= × RT
M2 V As the number of particles increases, colligative
0.6g 1 properties increases.
 1.23 atm = 
M 0.1L  Vapour pressure decreases.
1 1
 0.0821 L atm K mole  300 K Sodium phosphate gives maximum ions in
0.6 1
solution, so it shows lowest vapour pressure.
 M2 =   0.0821  300 g/mole 11. (C)
0.1 1.23
6 1  82.1  3 colligative property of electrolyte solution
 M2 = 0.821300 = = 40.05  3 =i
12.3 2.05 colligative property of nonelectrolyte solution
 M2 = 120.15 g/mol For KCl, i = 2 and for sugar it is equal to 1.
5
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

12. (D) 13. (A)
KCl undergoes complete dissociation in water. 13.44
=
m  0.1 mol/kg
 The reaction is KCl  K+ + Cl– 134.4 1
1 mole of KCl dissociates to form 2 mole CuCl2  Cu+2 + 2Cl–
particles. i = 3 (taking 100 % ionisation)
 =
i 2  Tb = i.Kb.m = 3  0.52  0.1 = 0.156  0.16 K
Tf = i  Kf  m
Tf = 0 – (–10) = 10 C = 10 K 14. (C)
 10
= 2  1.86  m Na2SO4  2Na+ + SO 24 
10 1 0 0
=
m = 2.68 mol/kg (1–) 2 
2 1.86
 Grams of KCl = 2.68  74.5 = 199.66 g per kg  i = (1 – ) +  + 2 = 1 + 2
 199.66 g KCl should be added to one kg of water.

ns
Caution - Q.12
While solving a problem involving colligative
properties of aqueous solutions, always determine

io
whether the solute is an ionic (electrolyte) or a
molecular compound (non-electrolyte). Based on
this, decide the correct form of the equation by
including van’t Hoff factor (i).

at
Concept Fusion
lic
1. (D)
9. (B)
2. (A) Tf = T0  T
ub
Salt water contains relatively a smaller number Tf = 0 C  (0.186 C)
of water molecules per unit volume, as Tf = + 0.186 C or 0.186 K
compared to the number of water molecules per Tf = Kf  m
unit volume in our body. Salts in sea water are 0.186
= 1.86  m
in larger proportion than salts in our body.
P

 m = 0.1
Solvent water flows out from the cells of our Substituting the value of m in,
body into sea water. The cells of our body Tb = Kb  m
shrink in size making the skin appear wrinkled. Tb = 0.521  (0.1) = 0.0521 K
et

This is due to osmosis.

3. (B) 4. (A)
5. (B)
rg

Due to higher pressure inside the pressure

cooker, the boiling point is elevated.
6. (B) 7. (D)
Ta

8. (A)
PTotal = 5 atm
Mole fraction of N2 in air = 0.8
p N = PTotal  xN = 5  0.8 = 4 atm
2 2

According to Henry’s law,

p N = KH  xN
2 2

5
 =
4 1  10  xN 2

4
 xN 2 = = 4  10–5
1  10 5
 n N 2 = xN 2  nTotal = 4  10–5  10 = 4  10–4 mol

6
 

Chapter 2: Solutions

MHT-CET Previous Years’ Questions

1. (B) 9. (D)
T M W 0.15  60  100 FeCl3 gives maximum ions in solution; hence, it’s
Kf = f 2 1 =
W2  1000 6  1000 aqueous solution has the highest boiling point.
= 0.15 C kg mol–1 10. (D)
2. (C) Aluminium chloride (AlCl3); i = 4
Relative lowering of vapour pressure, Potassium sulphate (K2SO4); i = 3
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl); i = 2
W2 9 Urea (NH2CONH2); i = 1
P M2 180
= x2 = = Since urea is a non-electrolyte, it has the lowest
P10 W1 W2 90 9
  value of van’t Hoff factor.

ns
M1 M2 18 180
0.05 11. (A)
= = 0.0099  = MRT
5  0.05
n 2RT 34.2
 0.082  293
= =

io
342
3. (D) V 1
For isotonic solutions, the number of moles of = 2.40 atm
solutes are equal (i.e., molar concentrations are
same). 12. (A)

at
Wurea Wcane sugar Tb = Kbm (where, m = molarity)

M urea  Vurea solution M cane sugar  Vcane sugar solution  W2 1 
= Kb   × 
W
4 M
 2 W 1
30  10
60  0.5
 cane sugar
342  1
lic K  W2
Rearranging, M2 = b
30  10 4  342  1 Tb  W1
Wcane sugar =
60  0.5 13. (D)
= 0.0342 kg = 34.2 g
ub
1000W2
Tb = Kb ;
4. (A) M 2 W1
P10  P1 W ×M TbM2 W1 Tb  100  500
= 2 1 Kb = =  Tb
P10 W1 × M 2 1000W2 1000  50
P

660  600 3.6  10 3  78 14. (B)

 π1 = MRT1 and π2 = MRT2
660 40  10 3  M 2
1 T1
3.6  103  78 Hence, 
= 78.0 g mol1
et

M2 =  2 T2
40  103  0.09
1T2 4  546
2   = 8 atm
5. (C) T1 273
i 1
rg

Degree of dissociation () =

n 1 Thinking Hatke - Q.14
=n 2 At constant concentration,   T.
i 1 Therefore, as temperature doubles (from 273 to
= ⸫ =i–1
Ta

2 1 546 K), osmotic pressure also doubles (from 4 to

=i +1 8 atm).

6. (C) 15. (C)

7. (C) For Ba(NO3)2, i = 2.74 ….(given)
K3[Fe(CN)6]  3K+ + [Fe(CN)6]3 =n 3
 =
n 4 Degree of dissociation ()
i 1 i  1 2.74  1
Degree of dissociation () = =   0.87
n 1 n 1 3 1
3.333  1  Degree of dissociation = 87 %
= = 0.78
4 1
16. (A)
 Percent dissociation = 0.78  100 = 78% Given: m = 0.25 m, Kb = 0.52 K kg mol–1
8. (D) Tb = m Kb = 0.25  0.52 = 0.13 K

7
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

17. (A) 1
 Molar mass of non-electrolyte =
Sucrose (C12H22O11) = 342 g mol–1 Molarity×0.1
6.6 1
Moles of urea = = 0.11 mol =
60 0.1462  0.1
Since solution is isotonic with sucrose solution, 1
nurea = nsucrose =
0.01462
 nsucrose = 0.11 mol = 68.399 g mol–1
 Mass of sucrose = 0.11  342 = 37.62 g = 68.4 g mol–1
18. (B) 25. (A)
0
P – P1 M = 1 mol L–1, R = 0.082 L⋅atm⋅K−1⋅mol−1,
1
= x2 T = 300 K
P10
0.9  0.6  = MRT

ns
0.9
 0.333 = 1 mol L–1 × 0.082 L⋅atm⋅K−1⋅mol−1 × 300 K
= 24.6 atm
Now, x1 + x2 = 1
 x1 = 1  x2 = 1  0.333 = 0.667 26. (C)
S = KHP

io
19. (D) S 0.08 mol / L
 KH = = = 0.16 mol L1 bar1
20. (C) P 0.5 bar
For a semimolar solution, Molarity (M) = 0.5 M 27. (D)

at
 = MRT K f  W2  1000 14.7  5  1000
M2 = =
= 0.5 mol L1  0.082 L atm K1 mol1  300 K Tf  W1 2.15  100
= 12.3 atm = 342 g mol1
21. (A)
lic 28. (A)
Osmotic pressure,  = iMRT P10  P1 W2 M1
=
(A) Urea = 1  0.2 RT = 0.2 RT P10 M2 W1
ub
(B) NaCl = 2 × 0.1 RT = 0.2 RT 400  P1 2.4  18
 =
(C) π BaCl2 = 3  0.05 RT = 0.15 RT 400 60  10.8
(D) π AlCl3 = 4  0.05 RT = 0.2 RT  400  P1 = 26.67
 All solutions are isotonic with each other except  P1 = 400 – 26.67 = 373.33 mm Hg
P

C. 29. (C)
1
22. (C) Given: M 2 = 2M1 , W2 = W1
10
et

23. (A) Relative lowering in vapour pressure of solution

Given:  = X kPa, V = 10.5 m³, is given by
X W1
π' = kPa, V' = ? ×M1
rg

10 ΔP W2 M1 10 W1M1
= = =
1 P10 M 2 W1 2M1 ×W1 10×2M1 ×W1
Now,  ∝
V ΔP 1
 =
π V P10 20
Ta

 =
π V Here P10 = 200 mm Hg (Given).
X V 200
   Lowering in vapour pressure, P =
(X / 10) 10.5 20
 V' = 105 m³ = 10 mm Hg
24. (D) 30. (D)
Solution of non-electrolyte is isotonic with n urea =
12
= 0.2 mol and n glucose =
36
= 0.2 mol
solution of cane sugar. 60 180
 Molarity of cane sugar solution = Molarity of Now, nurea = nglucose
non-electrolyte solution  urea = glucose
Molarity of cane sugar solution Hence, if these solutions are separated by a
5 semipermeable membrane, there is no flow of
= = 0.4162 M
solvent in either direction.
342 ×0.1L

8
 

Chapter 2: Solutions
31. (B) 39. (B)
S 7  10 –4 mol L1 Tf = Kf  m = 4.8 K kg mol–1  0.25 mol kg–1
KH = 
P 1 bar = 1.2 K
= 7  10–4 mol L1 bar1 40. (D)
Thinking Hatke - Q.31 41. (D)
ΔTf 3K
Solubility of a gas (S) in a liquid is equal to KH,  m
= =
when pressure of the gas over the solution is 1 bar. Kf 5 K kg mol 1
= 0.6 mol kg–1
32. (D) 42. (D)
Given: m = 1 mol kg–1, Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1, Given: M2 = 60 g mol–1, W1 = 98 g,
Tf0 = 0°C Tf = 0.2 K, Kf = 1.17 K kg mol–1, W2 = ?

ns
Tf = Kf  m = 1.86 K kg mol–1  1 mol kg–1 Tf = Kf 
1000 W2
= 1.86 K = 1.86 °C M 2 W1
Now, Tf = Tf0 – Tf ΔTf M 2 W1 0.2 K × 60 g mol 1 × 98g
 W2 = =
 Tf = Tf0 – Tf = 0°C  1.86 °C = 1.86 °C K f × 1000 1.17 K kg mol 1 × 1000 g kg 1

io
1176
33. (B) = = 1.005 = 1.0 g
1170
P10  P1
= x2

at
P10 43. (D)
Depression of freezing point is colligative
P10 P1 property which depends on number of particles
  = x2
P10 P10 present in solution. Lesser is the number of
 x2 = 1  0.15 = 0.85
lic particles, less will be the depression.

34. (C) Molality of

1000×K b ×W2 Solution Dissociation ions after
M2 = dissociation
ub
ΔTb W1
M × Tb ×W1
0.2 m MgCl2 MgCl2  Mg2+ + 2Cl– 3  0.2
 Kb = 2 = 0.6 m
1000 W2
2 m AlCl3 AlCl3  Al3+ + 3Cl– 42=8m
111g mol1×8.3K 150 g 0.2 m KCl KCl  K+ + Cl– 0.2  2
P

=
1000 g kg1 ×50 g = 0.4 m
= 2.76 K kg mol–1 0.1 m NaCl NaCl  Na+ + Cl– 0.1  2
= 0.2 m
et

35. (C) 36. (B)

44. (D)
37. (A)
W2 = 0.8 g, M2 = 64 g mol–1,
Henry’s law: S = KHP
W1 = 43 g, Tf = 0.334 K
rg

S 6.85 ´10-4 mol dm-3

 =
P = M 2 ΔTf W1 64 g mol 1 × 0.34 K × 43g
KH 6.85 ´10-4 mol dm-3 bar-1 Kf = =
1000 W2 1000 g kg 1 × 0.8 g
= 1 bar = 1.17 K kg–1 mol–1
Ta

Thinking Hatke - Q.37 45. (C)

Since solubility of a gas (S) in a liquid is equal to P10 = 40 mm, x1 = 0.9, x2 = 1 – x1 = 1 – 0.9 = 0.1
KH, pressure of the gas over the solution is 1 bar. P10 P1
= x2
P10
38. (C) 40  P1
= 0.1
P10 - P1 W2M1 40
= 40 – P1 = 4
P10 M2W1
P1 = 40 – 4 = 36 mm Hg
2.3 g ´ 78 g mol-1
 0.06
=
M 2 ´ 46 g 46. (C)
2.3 g ´ 78 g mol-1 K b  W2  1000 2.5  3.5 1000
 M2 = M2 = =
0.06 ´ 46 g Tb  W1 0.35 100
= 65 gram mol–1 = 250 g mol1
9
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

47. (B) 56. (D)
=MRT
48. (D)
 1.5
NaCl  Na+ + Cl  M
= = = 0.06 M
Total ions = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2 ions RT 0.082  300
KNO3  K+ + NO3 57. (C)
Total ions = 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.4 ions 58. (B)
Na2SO4  2Na+ + SO 24  1000K f W2
Total ions = 0.2 + 0.1 = 0.3 ions DTf =
M 2 W1
CaCl2  Ca2+ + 2Cl
1000 g kg1  4.8 K kg mol–1  3.2 g
Total ions = 0.05 + 0.1 = 0.15 ions =
128 g mol–1  80 g
0.05 m CaCl2 solution has minimum ions in = 1.5 K

ns
solution, so it shows minimum boiling point
elevation. 59. (B)
49. (A) Moles of particles in
Solution
1 kg solution
50. (C)

io
(A) 0.1 m AlCl3 0.4
S = KH  P
(B) 0.01 m MgCl2 0.03
= 0.159  0.328
(C) 1 m KCl 2
= 0.0521

at
(D) 0.5 m NaCl 1
= 5.21  102 mol dm3
0.01 m MgCl2 solution has minimum number of
51. (C)
particles in solution, so it shows the lowest
P
Relative lowering of vapour pressure =
lic P10
= x2
60.
value of boiling point elevation.
(A)
WM S = KH  P
= 2 1
M2 W1 = 0.16  0.18
ub
318 = 0.0288 mol dm3
 0.025
=
M2  36 61. (B)
i ´ W2RT
3  18  = iMRT =
 M2 = = 60 g mol1 M2 V
P

0.025  36
3 -1 -1
2.47 ´ 1.7 g ´ 0.082 dm atm mol K ´ 300 K
52. (A) = -1 3
111 g mol ´ 1.25 dm
= 0.744 atm
et

Thinking Hatke - Q.52

Gases like CO2, NH3 and HCl do not obey Henry’s 62. (A)
law as they react with water. 1000 K b W2
M2 =
Tb W1
rg

53. (C) M 2  Tb  W1 150  0.65  30

Kb = =
54. (B) 1000  W2 1000  1.5
80 mL water = 80 g water = 1.95 K kg mol–1
Ta

(Density of water = 1 g/mL)

63. (D)
1000K f W2
D Tf = The vapour pressure of ideal solution always lies
M 2 W1 between vapour pressures of pure components.
1000 g kg - 1 ´ 1.86 K kg mol –1 ´ 4 g
= 64. (A)
126 g mol –1 ´ 80 g
 = iMRT
= 0.74 K = 1.83 × 0.2 × 0.082 × 273 = 8.2 atm
55. (C) 65. (A)
ΔTb = Kb  m 1000 Kb W2
1.89 = 3.15  m M2 =
Tf W1
1.89
 m
= = 0.6 mol kg1 1000  3  5.6
3.15 = = 192 g mol1
1.75  50

10
 

Chapter 2: Solutions
66. (A) 74. (B)
1000 Kb W2 Tb = Tb – Tb0 = 84 – 75 = 9 ºC = 9 K
M2 =
Tf W1 1000K b W2
DTb =
M T W M2 W1
 Kb = 2 b 1
1000 W2 1000 K b W2 1000´ 2.7 ´50
M2 = = = 100 g mol–1
Now, W2 = one gram mole = M2 g DTb W1 9´150
W1 = 1 kg = 1000 g
M  x  1000 75. (B)
 Kb = 2 = x K kg mol–1
1000  M 2 76. (B)
W2RT
Thinking Hatke - Q.66  =
M2V

ns
One gram mole solute dissolved in 1 kg solvent
= 1 molal solution W 2 RT
 M2 =
When concentration of solution is 1 molal, elevation V
in boiling point (∆Tb) is equal to molal elevation
8 g ´ 0.082 dm3 atm K-1 mol-1 ´ 300 K
constant (Kb).  M2 =

io
Therefore, Kb = x K kg mol–1 0.6 atm ´ 2 dm3

= 164 g mol1
77. (D)

at
67. (C)
Tb = Kb  m 1000K f W 2
D Tf =
Tb M 2 W1
 m = D Tf M 2 W1
Kb 
=
7.15 K
= 2.6 mol kg1
lic Kf =
100 0W2

2.75 K kg mol 1 0.3 K ´ 60 g mol-1 ´100g

= = 1.8 K kg mol1
1000´1 g
68. (D)
ub
Solubility of Na2SO4 decreases with increase of 78. (C)
temperature. Tf = Tf0 – Tf = 0 – (–0.51°C)
69. (A) = 0.51°C = 0.51 K
S 0.028  Tf = iKf m
P

KH = = = 0.081 mol dm3 bar1

P 0.346 DT 0.51 K
 =
i = = 1.82
K f m 1.86 K kg mol–1 ´ 0.15 mol kg –1
70. (D)
Dissolution of Na2SO4, CaCl2 and Li2SO4·H2O
et

79. (A)
in water are exothermic processes while Relative lowering of vapour pressure
dissolution of KCl in water is an endothermic
process. P P10  P1 640  590
= = = = 0.078
rg

P10 P10 640

71. (D)
=MRT 80. (A)
  = 0.2  0.082  300 = 4.92 atm
Ta

81. (D)
72. (D)
S = KH  P Using formula,
S P10 - P1 W2M1
 KH = =
P P10 M2 W1
6.85 ×104 mol dm 3 32mm Hg  P1 3 g 18 gmol1
= =
0.9 bar 32 mm Hg 60 gmol1  8.1 g
= 7.6  10–4 mol dm–3 bar–1
32mm Hg  P1
73. (A)  = 0.1
32 mm Hg
W2 RT
M2   32 mm Hg  P1 = 0.1 × 32 mm Hg
V
 32 mm Hg  P1 = 3.2 mm Hg
0.8  0.082  300
M2 = = 273.3 g mol–1  P1 = 32 mm Hg  3.2 mm Hg = 28.8 mm Hg
0.18  0.4
11
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

82. (C) 87. (C)
One formula unit of MgCl2 dissolved in water b = Kb m
produces three ions while given others produce
 Kb = D Tb = 0.125 K
2 ions per formula unit. Hence, among given m 0.25 mol kg - 1
equimolar solutions, MgCl2 solution produces
the highest elevation in boiling point = 0.5 K kg mol–1

88. (C)
83. (C)
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property that
P depends on number of particles in solution. The
x2 =
P1 solution having more number of particles will
P10  P1 have large osmotic pressure.
 x2 = Suppose the concentration of each substance is

ns
P10
1 m. Then,
25.8 mm Hg  24.1 mm Hg
= Li2SO4  2Li+ + SO 24 -
25.8 mm Hg
1m 2m 1m

io
= 0.066
Total particles in solution = 3 mol
84. (A) KCl  K+ + Cl

at
D Tf =
1000 K f W 2 1m 1m 1m
M 2 W1
Total particles in solution = 2 mol
1000 g kg1  1.18 K kg mol–1  20 g Al2(SO4)3  2Al3+ + 3 SO 24 -
=
60 g mol–1  1180 g
lic 1m 2m 3m
= 0.33 K Total particles in solution = 5 mol
BaCl2  Ba2+ + 2Cl
85. (A)
1m 1m 2m
ub
Relative lowering of vapour pressure
Total particles in solution = 3 mol
P10  P1
= Hence, Al2(SO4)3 solution of gives more
P10 number of particles and has the highest osmotic
P

= 0.025 pressure among the given.

17 mm Hg  P1 89. (D)
 = 0.025
17 mm Hg 1000 K f W2
et

M2 =
 17 mm Hg – P1 = 0.025 × 17 mm Hg DTf W1
 17 mm Hg – P1 = 0.425 mm Hg M2 ´W1 ´DTf
 W2 =
 P1 = 17 mm Hg – 0.425 mm Hg 1000´Kf
rg

= 16.58 mm Hg 60 g mol-1 ´100 g´0.2 K

 W2 =
1000 g kg-1 ´ 1.2 K kg mol–1
86. (A)
Ta

= 1.0 gram
Molar mass of water is 18 g mol–1
P10 - P1 W2M1 90. (A)
=
P10 M2W1 f = Kf m
D Tf 2.88 K
19 g ´18 g mol-1  m
= =
 0.03
= Kf 14.4 K kg mol- 1
M 2 ´ 200 g
= 0.2 mol kg–1
-1
1.71 gmol
 0.03
= 91. (B)
M2
b = Kbm
1.71 g mol-1
 M2 =
0.03  Kb = D Tb = 0.68 K
m 0.34 mol kg - 1
= 57.00 g mol–1 = 2.0 K kg mol–1
12
 

Chapter 2: Solutions

Evaluation Test

1. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A)

Tf = Kf  m
11. (B)
 (Tf)0 = 1.86  0.2
= 0.372 K 1000K b W2
Tb =
ΔTf 0.680 M2 W1
=i =
 f 0 0.372
ΔT
=
1000 g kg 1
 1.94 K kg mol 1  0.524g 
= 1.83 152g mol 1  36.8g
= 0.18 K
2. (B) Boiling point of ether = (34.6 + 273) K

ns
3. (D) = 307.6 K
W2 The boiling point of solution
V = RT = boiling point of ether + Tb
M2
= 307.6 K + 0.18 K = 307.78 K

io
3.56
5.2  104  1 =  0.082  300
M2 12. (B)
3.56  0.082  300 The number of moles of particles/ions obtained
M2 =

at
5.2  104
from dissociation of 1 mole of the given solute:
= 1.68  105 g mol1 glucose (C6H12O6) = 1,
sodium chloride (NaCl) = 2,
4. (C) 5. (C) sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) = 3,
6. (C)
lic sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) = 4.
P10  P1 WM  The ratio = 1 : 2 : 3 : 4
= 2 1
P10
W1M 2 13. (A)
ub
P10  P1 25  78 Relative lowering of vapour pressure,
=
180 250  342 W2 18
Vapour pressure lowering P M2 180
= x2 = =
25  78  180 P10 W1 W2 90 18
= P10  P1 =  
P

250  342 M1 M2 18 180

= 4.1 mm Hg 0.1
= = 0.0196
5  0.1
7. (D)
et

The extent of depression in freezing point varies 14. (D)

with the number of solute particles for a fixed 2 T
solvent only, and it is a characteristic feature of = 2
the nature of solvent also. So, for two different 1 T1
rg

solvents the extent of depression may vary even 546  2.5

2 =
if number of solute particles dissolved be same. 276
8. (B) = 4.94  5.0 atm
Ta

PA = PA0 xA ….(i) 15. (B)

PB = P x 0
B B ….(ii) Kf W2 5.11
M XY2 = 
Equal moles of A and B in the vapour means Tf W1 2.3  20 103
PA = PB = 110.87 g mol1
 PA0 xA = PB0 xB ….(iii)
Kf W2 5.11
Substituting xA = x and xB = 1  x in (iii), M XY4 = 
Tf W1 1.3  20 103
0.95  x = 0.15 (1  x)
= 196.15 g mol1
0.95x = 0.15  0.15x
0.95x + 0.15x = 0.15 Let x and y be the atomic masses of ‘X’ and ‘Y’
respectively.
1.1x = 0.15
M XY2 = x + 2y = 110.87 ….(i)
0.15
x= = 0.1363  0.14
1.1 M XY4 = x + 4y = 196.15 ….(ii)

13
 

MHT-CET Triumph Chemistry (Solutions)

Subtracting (i) from (ii), 27. (A)
M XY4  M XY2 = (x + 4y)  (x + 2y) For a non-ideal solution that shows negative
= 196.15  110.87 deviation from Raoult’s law, mixH ≠ 0
 2y = 85.28 mixV ≠ 0, mixS > 0.
y = 42.64 g mol1 28. (D)
substituting y = 42.64 in (i)
29. (C)
x + (2  42.64) = 110.87
x + 85.28 = 110.87 =MRT
 1.6
=x 110.87  85.28 = 25.59 g mol1  M
= = = 0.065 M
RT 0.082  300
16. (B)
30. (A)
17. (B)
For two isotonic solutions, C1 = C2 31. (B)

ns
Wglucose Wsolute Tb = Kb  m
 = Tb 6.0 K
M glucose  Vglucose solution Msolute  Vsolution of solute  m
= = = 2.18 mol kg1
Kb 2.75 K kg mol 1
9.2 3 1000

io
= 32. (C)
180  1 Msolute 100
S 0.032
Msolute =
3  1000  180  1
= 587 g mol1 KH = = = 0.081 mol dm3 bar1
9.2  100 P 0.4

at
18. (A) 33. (C)
W2 RT One formula unit of CaCl2 dissolved in water
=  produces three ions while given others produce
M2 V
600 10 R  300
lic 2 ions per formula unit. Hence, among given
  equimolal solutions, CaCl2 solution produces
760 M2 250 103 the highest elevation in boiling point.
10  300  760  R 22800  R 34. (A)
M2 = =
ub
250  103  600 1.5 Molar mass of water is 18 g mol–1
19. (C) P10 - P1 W2M1
=
S = KHP = 0.159 mol dm3 atm 1  0.164 atm P10 M 2 W1
= 0.026 M
P

15 g ´ 18 g mol-1
 0.05
=
20. (C) M 2 ´ 200 g
Vapour pressure of a solvent is lowered by the
presence of solute in it. Lowering in vapour 1.35 g mol-1
 =
0.05
et

pressure is a colligative property i.e., it depends M2

on the number of particles present in the 1.35 g mol-1
solution. Cu(NO3)2 gives the maximum number  M2 = = 27.0 g mol–1
0.05
rg

of ions. (i.e., 3) so it causes the greatest

lowering in vapour pressure of water. 35. (A)
21. (B) 22. (C) 1000K f W2
DTf =
M 2 W1
Ta

23. (B) 24. (B)

1000 g kg 1  4.8 K kg mol –1  25 g
=
25. (B) 120 g mol –1  1000 g
Molar mass of ascorbic acid = 176 g mol1 = 1.0 K
Tf M 2 W1 1.5  176  100
W2 = = = 6.6 g
K f  1000 4  1000
26. (D)
For a solution containing two volatile liquids A
and B,
pT = p 0A xA  p 0B xB
when xB = 1, p0B xB = p0B (1) = p0B
xA = 0, p0A xA = p0A (0) = 0
 pT = p0A xA + p0B xB = p0A (0) + p0B (1) = p0B

14