Temperature Rise and Cooling of Dry Type Transformers:

Due to the significant advantages of dry-type transformers, for instance; free of flammable liquids, light
weight, ease of installation and maintenance, and suitability for more applications, including indoors,
dry-type transformers are experiencing a rapid increase in usage. Dry-type transformers are not
suitable for outdoor installation, but rather in buildings or protective housings with a correspondingly
high degree of protection >IP3X.
With the increase of the rated power and the voltage class of Dry type transformers, several challenges
associated were occur, like the calculation of accurate losses and thermal performance. Reliable
thermal performance calculation is crucial to avoid excessive heating and meet the transformer
guaranteed lifespan.
An important factor for the long service life of a transformer is the supply of sufficient fresh air and at
the same time sufficient removal of the heated air. The volume flows required for this depend on the
total losses of the transformer and can be calculated relatively easily for the operating modes AN (Air
Natural) and AF (Air Forced) cooling with fan. When installed in protective housings, the ventilation
filters influence the air volume flows, depending on the type of protection, as the free inlet and outlet
surfaces for the air are reduced. It is therefore essential to know the conditions, i.e. the total losses of
the transformer, the temperature rise in the windings and the influence of the available cooling air.
Multiple calculation approaches such as CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), THM (thermal hydraulic
modelling), Finite Element Method) and FVM (Finite Volume Method) are available for this purpose.

Example of simulation results of the temperature distribution inside CFD simulation of the conjugated Thermal-
the encapsulated resin winding Hydraulic process on Dry type transformer with
enclosure

We can develop thermal models for dry-type transformers for various cooling modes and installation
conditions, calculate the temperature conditions depending on the type of cooling, AN, AF, AFAF and
AFWF and consider the installation conditions from IP00 to IPXX. By knowing these parameters, the
installation conditions can be optimized so that perfect ambient conditions always prevail for the dry-
type transformer at the installation site.

MG Transformer Consulting in Cooperation with Bay-Energy

MG Transformer Consulting Sparkasse Regensburg Amtsgericht Geschäftsführer

93197 Zeitlarn DE197506 9014 0000 302686 Regensburg Martin Görtz
Ödenthalerstraße 51 BIC GENODEF1ABS
goertz.martin@gmx.de UmSt: DE 364210344
St.Nr. 244/221/31686