Nevid CH12 TB

Total Assessment Guide
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

Learning Objective Multiple Choice 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12 3, 5, 6, 8, 10
Introduction
True-False 234, 235, 236, 237,
238, 239
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
12.1 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24
True-False 240, 241, 242, 243
Essay 324
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 42 25, 27, 31, 34, 35,
12.2 33, 37, 38, 39, 43, 40, 41, 46, 48
44, 45, 47
True-False 244, 245, 246, 247,
248, 249, 250, 251,
252, 253, 254, 255,
256, 257, 258, 259,
260
Essay 326, 327, 328, 329, 325, 330
331, 332
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 52, 58, 65, 85, 105, 50, 59, 73, 80, 83,
12.3 56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 110 84, 86, 98, 100, 101,
63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 102, 104, 108
69, 70, 71, 72, 74,
75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
81, 82, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 99, 103,
106, 107, 109
True-False 261, 262, 263, 264,
265, 266, 267, 268,
269, 270, 271, 272,
273, 274, 275, 276,
277, 278, 279, 280,
281, 282, 283, 284
Essay 333, 334 335, 336
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 111, 112, 113, 118, 115, 116, 117, 132, 114, 119, 120, 127
12.4 121, 122, 123, 124, 133
125, 126, 128, 129,
130, 131
True-False 285, 286, 287, 288,
289, 290, 291, 292,
293
Essay 337 338
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 134, 135, 136, 141, 137, 138, 139, 140,
12.5 145, 146 142, 143, 144
True-False 294, 295, 296, 297,
298
Essay 339, 340, 341, 342
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 150, 152, 163, 164, 147, 148, 149, 151, 157, 162, 167
12.6 165, 166, 168 153, 154, 155, 156,
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Topic Factual Conceptual Applied
158, 159, 160, 161
True-False 299, 300, 301, 302
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 174, 175, 176, 177 169, 178 170, 171, 172, 173
12.7
True-False 303, 304, 305, 306
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 179, 180, 181, 182, 186 184
12.8 183, 185
True-False 307, 308
Essay 343
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193, 197, 201
12.9 191, 194, 195, 196,
198, 199, 200, 202
True-False 309, 310, 311
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 203
12.10
True-False 312, 313, 314
Essay 344
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 204, 205, 206, 207
12.11
True-False 315
Essay 345
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 207, 209, 210, 211, 208, 212
12.12 213, 214, 215
True-False 316
Essay 346
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 216, 217 218
12.13
True-False 317
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 219, 220 221
12.14
True-False 318
Essay 347
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 222, 223, 224 225, 226
12.15
True-False 319
Essay 348
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 230, 231 227, 228 229
12.16
True-False 320, 321, 322
Essay 349
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 232, 233
12.17
True-False 323
Essay 350
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12
Personality Disorders and
Impulse-Control Disorders
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Rigid, inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of behavior or ways of relating to others, which ultimately
become self-defeating because of their rigidity, are called ______ disorders.
a. adjustment c. personality
b. psychotic d. neurotic
ANSWER: C
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 1 Page: 452
Topic: Introduction
Learning Objective: Introduction
Skill: Factual
2. The close relationships between compulsive gambling and addictive disorders led to its reclassification as a
type of _________in DSM-5 that is called gambling disorder.
a. mood disorder
b. adjustment disorder
c. personality disorder
d. addictive disorder
ANSWER: D
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual
3. Personality disorders are ______.

a. very treatable by psychotherapy
b. very treatable by psychiatric medication
c. very treatable by group therapy
d. very resistant to change
ANSWER: D
Topic: Types of Personality Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
4. The traits involved in personality disorders usually become evident in ______.

a. childhood c. middle adulthood
b. adolescence d. late adulthood
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
5. Which of the following are behavior characteristics that have been observed in children who were, as
adults, diagnosed with a personality disorder?
a. Athleticism and popularity
b. A history of learning disability
c. Disturbed conduct and immaturity
d. Divorced parents
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
6. Which of the following is true about personality disorders?

a. People with personality disorders often fail to see how their own behaviors are seriously
disrupting their lives.
b. People with personality disorders accept responsibility for the problems they have
c. Personality disorders usually develop in late adulthood
d. Personality disorders affect close to 50% of the population.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
7. Which of the following is true of people with personality disorders?

a. They experience a good deal of personal discomfort as a result of their concerns and readily seek
professional help on their own.
b. Their behavior patterns are amenable to change.
c. They do not generally perceive a need to change their behaviors.
d. They generally relate well to others and are concerned about the impact of their behavior on
others.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
8. People who have personality disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behavior or traits as ______.
a. superfluous c. ego syntonic
b. egocentric d. ego dystonic
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
9. The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as a natural part of oneself is ______.
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a. integral c. ego syntonic
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
10. People who have anxiety or mood disorders tend to perceive their disturbed behaviors as ______.
a. integral c. ego syntonic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
11. The term that refers to personality traits that are perceived as being separate or outside one's self-identity is
______.
a. superfluous c. ego syntonic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
12. Using _________ terms, the DSM notes that people with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits
as ego syntonic.
a. cognitive c. biological
b. sociological d. psychodynamic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
13. The DSM-5 groups personality disorders into ______ clusters.

a. two c. four
b. three d. five
ANSWER: B
Learning Objective: 12.1
Skill: Factual
14. Which of the following is true?

a. People with personality disorders often have other diagnosable psychological disorders.
b. There are over 50 different kinds of personality disorders.
c. People with personality disorder often have great insight into their problems.
d. There are five clusters of personality disorders.
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ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
15. The DSM lists ______ individual personality disorders.

a. two c. ten
b. six d. fourteen
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
16. In the DSM listing of personality disorder clusters, people who are perceived as odd or eccentric would be
listed under cluster ______.
a. A c. C
b. B d. D
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
17. Which of the following is a DSM cluster A personality disorder?

a. Paranoid c. Antisocial
b. Borderline d. Avoidant
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
18. In the DSM listing of personality disorder clusters, people whose behavior is overly dramatic, emotional, or
erratic would be listed under cluster ______.
a. A c. C
b. B d. D
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
19. Which of the following is a DSM cluster B personality disorder?

a. Avoidant c. Schizoid
b. Dependent d. Antisocial
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
20. Which of the following diagnoses is assigned to people whose behavior is characterized as overly dramatic,
emotional, or erratic?
a. Schizoid c. Sociophobic
b. Passive-aggressive d. Histrionic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
21. In the DSM listing of personality disorder clusters, people who often appear anxious or fearful in their
behavior are listed under cluster ______.
a. A c. C
b. B d. D
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
22. Which of the following is a DSM cluster C personality disorder?

a. Schizotypal c. Histrionic
b. Avoidant d. Antisocial
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
23. Which of the following diagnoses would be given to an individual who appears anxious or fearful?
a. Dependent c. Antisocial
b. Borderline d. Paranoid
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
24. The defining trait of ______ personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness.

a. antisocial c. schizoid
b. paranoid d. avoidant
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
25. The text presented a case of an 85-year-old retired businessman who had a paranoid personality disorder.
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He would confide in ______.
a. no one c. his wife
b. his doctor d. his minister
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
26. People who hold grudges, have few friends, suspect their spouses of infidelity (without evidence to back up
their suspicions) and are unlikely to confide in others have characteristics of a(n) ______ personality
disorder.
a. avoidant c. schizoid
b. antisocial d. paranoid
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
27. Mary is overly sensitive to criticism. She takes offense at the most trivial real or imagined slight. She does
not trust others, is easily angered, and holds grudges. She has few friends and is extremely jealous and
possessive of her one boyfriend, whom she is always accusing of "playing around" on her. She is most
likely suffering from ______ personality disorder.
a. antisocial c. histrionic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
28. Although suspicious of co-workers, people with _________ personality disorder can _________.
a. paranoid; generally, maintain employment
b. dependent; work in a sheltered setting
c. paranoid; have trouble with co-workers and thus have difficulty remaining employed
d. obsessive-compulsive; generally, work in isolation in highly technical jobs
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
29. People with paranoid personality disorder are ______ to seek treatment for themselves and are more often
______.
a. unlikely; men than women c. unlikely; women than men
b. likely; men than women d. likely; women than men
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
30. Social isolation and a lack of social interest in others characterizes ______ personality disorder.
a. schizoid c. narcissistic
b. schizotypal d. avoidant
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
31. Sheila is a "loner." She has little interest in social relationships and appears distant and aloof. She rarely
shows any emotional expression and seems indifferent to praise and criticism. She is usually wrapped up in
abstract ideas and has little time for, or interest in, people. She is most likely suffering from ______
personality disorder.
a. schizotypal c. narcissistic
b. schizoid d. avoidant
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
32. People with schizoid personality disorders tend to be socially ______.

a. anxious c. paranoid
b. aloof d. active
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
33. Men with schizoid personality disorder rarely ______.

a. drink alcohol c. attending sports events
b. date or marry d. like animals
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
34. Alan puts on a superficial display of social aloofness, but deep inside he harbors deep curiosities about
other people, and exquisite sensitivity. He wishes for love that he cannot openly express, and often
expresses his sensitivity in deep feelings and affection for animals rather than people. He is typical of
someone with ______ personality disorder.
a. schizotypal c. borderline
b. dependent d. schizoid
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Applied
35. A person who lacks interest in social relationships and rarely experiences strong emotions has some of the
characteristics of a ______ personality disorder.
a. borderline c. narcissistic
b. schizoid d. histrionic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
36. Although people with schizoid personality disorder are aloof and show little appetite for sex, they may be
attracted to ______.
a. gambling c pornography
b. visiting prostitutes d. stalking celebrities
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
37. People whose behaviors and mannerisms are particularly odd, but not severe enough to merit a diagnosis of
schizophrenia, may be suffering from ______ personality disorder.
a. schizoid c. schizoaffective
b. schizotypal d. histrionic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
38. Schizotypal personality is believed to affect about ______ percent of the general population.
a. 1 c. 5
b. 3 d. 7
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
39. People with schizotypal personality disorders tend to be socially ______.

a. anxious c. paranoid
b. aloof d. active
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
40. Katie is a little "different" than others. She often feels as if deceased relatives are in the room with her. She
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believes she possesses a "sixth sense" by which she can read people's minds and foretell the future. She
talks to herself frequently and often speaks to others in a meandering, vague, although not incoherent
manner. She is often unkempt, believes people are talking about her, and tends to be socially aloof. She is
most likely suffering from ______ personality disorder.
a. schizoid c. histrionic
b. avoidant d. schizotypal
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
41. Which of the following people is most likely to have schizotypal personality disorder?
a. An Anglo American male c. An African American male
b. An Anglo American female d. A Hispanic American female
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
42. Which of the following is true about people with schizotypal personality?
a. They have great interest in others.
b. Their faces usually show great emotion.
c. They experience unusual perceptions or illusions.
d. Use of language is comprehensible.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
43. Ideas of reference and “magical thinking” characterize the thought processes of people with ______
a. paranoid c. schizoid
b. schizotypal d. narcissistic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
44. Schizotypal personality disorder shares a common genetic basis with ______.
a. paranoia c. schizophrenia
b. major affective disorder d. an adjustment disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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45. ______ people diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop schizophrenia.
a. Relatively few c. A great majority
b. About half d. Virtually all
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
46. Cindy has been suspicious of her coworkers lately and suspects that they are talking about her (although
there is no evidence to support her suspicions). Cindy is convinced her suspicions are true because she has
a "sixth sense" about this. Cindy's behavior is characteristic of a(n) ______ personality disorder.
a. schizotypal c. avoidant
b. schizoid d. narcissistic
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
47. Brain abnormalities found in people with schizotypal personality disorder are similar to those found in
people with ______.
a. bipolar disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder
b. posttraumatic stress disorder d. schizophrenia
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
48. Cosmo Kramer, a popular character on the Seinfeld television show from the 1990s, displayed unusual
mannerisms, had a very strange haircut, and engaged in weird behaviors like bathing in butter and
pretending to host a television talk show in his apartment. These eccentricities could be common for
someone with a ______ personality disorder.
a. schizoid c. obsessive-compulsive
b. schizotypal d. borderline
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
49. People with ______ personality disorder persistently disregard the rights and feelings of others and feel
little or no remorse for their actions.
a. paranoid c. narcissistic
b. borderline d. antisocial
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
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50. To people who know her casually, Charlotte is very charming; but underneath her superficial charm is a
monster. She is impulsive, self-centered, insensitive to others, irresponsible, has little anxiety, and feels no
guilt or remorse when she hurts someone else. She blames others for her problems and rarely learns from
her mistakes. She sees others as tools to be used to meet her own needs. While she can appear to be the
nicest person in the world, if you get in her way, watch out! Charlotte is most likely manifesting ______
a. paranoid c. sadistic
b. narcissistic d. antisocial
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
51. People with antisocial personality disorder show ______ levels of anxiety when faced with threatening
situations; and punishment has ______ effect on their behavior.
a. low; little c. high; little
b. low; a powerful d. high; a powerful
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
52. The terms “guiltless,” “irresponsible” and “impulsive” best describe someone with ______ personality
disorder.
a. narcissistic c. obsessive-compulsive
b. antisocial d. histrionic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
53. About ______ percent of men in the United States could be classified as having met the criteria for
antisocial personality disorder at some point in their lives.
a. 2 c. 9
b. 6 d. 20
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
54. About ______ percent of women in the United States could be classified as having met the criteria for
antisocial personality disorder at some point in their lives.
a. 1 c. 6
b. 3 d. 9
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
55. Men are ______ likely than women to have antisocial personality disorder.
a. less c. three to six times as
b. equally as d. seven to ten times as
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
56. To receive a diagnosis of "antisocial personality disorder," a person must be at least ______ years of age.
a. 12 c. 18
b. 15 d. 21
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
57. Children under the age of 18 years who exhibit antisocial behavior patterns may be suffering from ______
disorder.
a. psychopathic c. attention-deficit
b. conduct d. maturity
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
58. The terms psychopath and sociopath refer to ______ personality disorder.
a. sadistic c. antisocial
b. paranoid d. schizotypal
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
59. Ted Bundy, a serial killer, is a classic example of someone with a(n) ______ personality disorder.
a. narcissistic c. antisocial
b. paranoid d. schizotypal
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
60. For an individual with antisocial personality disorder, the antisocial and criminal behavior, but not the
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personality traits, often disappears by the time the person reaches age ______.
a. 25 c. 55
b. 40 d. 70
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
61. The antisocial and criminal behaviors associated with antisocial personality disorder ______.
a. tend to disappear by the time the person reaches age 40
b. tend to disappear and reappear at different ages throughout the person's life
c. tend to remain stable until the person reaches age 60, then they gradually disappear
d. tend to remain stable throughout life, often even increasing with age
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
62. The underlying personality traits associated with antisocial personality disorder tend to ______.
a. disappear by the time the person reaches age 40
b. disappear and reappear at different ages throughout the person's life
c. remain stable until the person reaches age 60, then they gradually disappear
d. remain stable throughout life, often even increasing with age
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
63. The personality disorder that has been most extensively studied by scholars and researchers is ______
a. narcissistic c. antisocial
b. paranoid d. borderline
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
64. Antisocial personality is ______ socioeconomic classes.

a. found in similar frequencies among all
b. most commonly found in the lower
c. most commonly found in the middle
d. most commonly found in the upper
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
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65. Researchers now believe psychopathic personality is composed of ______ somewhat independent
dimensions.
a. two c. four
b. three d. five
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
66. A personality dimension and a behavioral dimension are the two components of ______ personality
disorder.
a. narcissistic c. borderline
b. Histrionic d. antisocial
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
67. A cardinal feature of ______ personality disorder is lack of remorse.

a. antisocial c. narcissistic
b. borderline d. paranoid
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
68. About ______ of prison inmates could be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
a. 25 percent c. 75 percent
b. 50 percent d. 100 percent
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
69. Which of the following is one of the psychological features of antisocial personality disorder listed in
Cleckley’s clinical profile?
a. Self-centeredness c. Delusional thinking
b. Curiosity d. Ambition
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
70. In 1941, ______ described the characteristics of today’s antisocial personality disorder.
a. Theodore Reik c. David Elkind
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b. Lawrence Kubler d. Hervey Cleckley
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
71. Neumann & Hare (2008) identified four basic factors or dimensions for measuring psychopathic traits.
Which of the following traits identified by these researchers is characterized by superficiality, grandiosity,
and deceitfulness?
a. The narcissism factor
b. The antisocial factor
c. The interpersonal factor
d. The lifestyle factor
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
72. Instability in self-image, relationships, mood, and a lack of control over impulses are the hallmark features
of ______ personality disorder.
a. schizoid c. antisocial
b. schizotypal d. borderline
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
73. Liz is uncertain about her goals, values, loyalties, career, and friends. Sometimes she is not even certain if
she is heterosexual or a lesbian. She feels bored, empty, and is terrified of being alone. She clings
desperately to her friends because of her fear of abandonment. However, her clinging behavior and her
oversensitivity to any sign of rejection often pushes away those friends. Liz is most likely suffering from
______ personality disorder.
a. avoidant c. histrionic
b. borderline d. dependent
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
74. A study comparing psychopathic criminal offenders with non-psychopathic offenders found that
psychopathic offenders _______.
a. were no different than non-psychopathic offenders in the types of crimes they committed
b. committed far more cold-blooded murders than non-psychopathic offenders
c. committed far more “crimes of passion” than non-psychopathic offenders
d. committed far more impulsive murders than non-psychopathic offenders
ANSWER: B
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Topic: A Closer Look: “In Cold Blood:” Peering into the Minds of Psychopathic Murderers
Skill: Factual
75. The Canadian researchers, Woodworth and Porter (2002), suggest that psychopathic offenders do not
necessarily act-out impulsively but instead may engage in ___________ by constraining their
impulses to perform such an extreme act as murder.
a. calculated impulsivity
b. organized aggression
c. selective impulsivity
d. selective aggression
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
76. Researchers have found that about ______ percent of the homicides committed by non-psychopathic
murderers were “cold-blooded” murders.
a. 28 c. 68
b. 48 d. 88
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
77. Researchers have found that the majority of murders committed by psychopathic murderers were ______.
a. crimes of passion
b. impulsive and not well-planned or thought out ahead of time
c. accidental, and not intentional
d. cold-blooded
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
78. Murders that are not cold-blooded and are committed more by non-psychopathic criminals have been
labeled ______.
a. “gun for hire” c. “revenge crimes”
b. “crimes of passion” d. “drugs or money”
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
79. The cold-blooded murder style has been labeled ______.

a. “crime of passion” c. “winner takes all”
b. “selective impulsivity” d. “who gives a damn”
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ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
80. Marilyn Monroe and Lawrence of Arabia are two people with personality characteristics similar to those of
a. avoidant c. borderline
b. dependent d. narcissistic
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
81. Borderline personality disorder is estimated to occur in about ______ percent of the population.
a. .5 to 1 c. 6 to 10
b. 2 to 6 d. 12 to 16
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
82. Based on the demographic listed below, which of the following individuals would have a higher probably
of being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
a. A female Caucasian American c. A female Latino American
b. A female African American d. A male Caucasian American
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
83. Which of the following characteristics would someone with borderline personality disorder be likely to
exhibit?
a. Cannot tolerate being alone
b. Enjoys solitary time
c. Consistent in their feelings toward other individuals
d. Very little intensity in their feelings toward others or in their feelings about others
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
84. Which of the following is least likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?
a. A White American male c. An African American female
b. A Hispanic American male d. A White American female
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Applied
85. The term "borderline personality" was originally used to refer to individuals whose behavior appeared to be
on the border between ______.
a. introverted and extroverted c. passive and aggressive
b. heterosexual and homosexual d. neurotic and psychotic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
86. Sally cannot tolerate being alone. In an effort to avoid feelings of abandonment, she clings to her friends
and becomes demanding, which results in her friends pulling away. Sally then feels rejected and becomes
enraged which strains her friendships even further. This is a common pattern for people who have ______
b. borderline d. histrionic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
87. Alternating between extremes of adulation (when their needs are met) and loathing (when they feel
scorned) is characteristic of people who are diagnosed with ______ personality disorder.
a. histrionic c. borderline
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
88. Spending sprees, gambling, drug abuse, engaging in unsafe sexual activity, reckless driving, and impulsive
acts of self-mutilation are self-destructive behaviors that are characteristic of ______ personality disorder.
a. histrionic c. antisocial
b. narcissistic d. borderline
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
89. Which of the following emotions is MOST characteristic of a person diagnosed with borderline personality
disorder?
a. Shallow c. Callous
b. Angry d. Jovial
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ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
90. The impulsivity in people with borderline personality disorder often ______ as they age.
a. changes from self-mutilation to gambling and spending sprees
b. increases
c. decreases
d. switches from self-mutilation to harming others
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
91. Self-inflicted cutting is a characteristic of people with ______ personality disorder.

ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
92. People with ______ personality disorder have difficulty controlling anger and are prone to fights or
smashing things.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
93. Impulsive and unpredictable behavior that is self-destructive is a feature of ______ personality disorder.
a. borderline c. histrionic
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
94. A person with borderline personality disorder may have all but which one of the following behaviors?
a. Unsafe sexual activity c. Reckless driving
b. Binge eating d. Lack of remorse
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
95. Emotional instability is a central characteristic of ______ personality disorder.

a. dependent c. borderline
b. paranoid d. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
96. A therapist would be likely to find a background of childhood troubles, including parental neglect, harsh
punishment, and witnessing of violence in people with ______ personality disorder.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
97. People who show excessive emotionality, have excessive needs for praise, reassurance, and approval, and
who constantly need to be the center of attention are most likely suffering from
b. histrionic d. narcissistic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
98. Molly is a born actress. She is always the center of attention. She is highly dramatic, overemotional, self-
centered, spoiled, and inconsiderate of her friends. While she can appear charming, and is often flirtatious
and seductive, she has no deep feelings toward anyone and has never had a truly intimate relationship. She
has poor self-esteem and tries to impress others as a means of improving her own self-worth. She is most
likely suffering from _____ personality disorder.
a. histrionic c. narcissistic
b. dependent d. antisocial
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
99. Females are more likely than males to be diagnosed with ______ personality disorder.
b. paranoid d. histrionic
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
100. Alan puts on a front of being very flirtatious and seductive, and he typically draws attention to himself by
dressing in an overly "macho" manner. He hopes to someday be a male model or an actor, but he is plagued
by inner doubts and insecurities himself, despite his successful image, and he constantly feels the need to
impress others to boost his own ego and self-image. His behavior is typical of someone with ______
b. histrionic d. schizotypal
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
101. Rachel never enters a room, she “arrives.” She dresses in a provocative manner and has such an overblown,
melodramatic way of reacting to everything that she is impossible to ignore. She is self-centered and
demands instant gratification. She bores easily and is constantly drawn to the newest style or fad. Her
behavior is typical of someone with ______ personality disorder.
b. histrionic d. schizotypal
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
102. An appropriate college major for someone with histrionic personality disorder would be ______.
a. psychology c. architecture
b. physics d. theatre
ANSWER: D
Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Page: 464
Skill: Applied
103. The central feature of ______ personality disorder is an inflated or grandiose sense of oneself.
a. dependent c. narcissistic
b. histrionic d. borderline
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
104. Maya loves to brag about her accomplishments. While she is not overly dramatic or flirtatious, she enjoys
being the center of attention. She is self-absorbed and lacks empathy for others. She is successful in her
career and very proud of her accomplishments. Maya just wishes that others would show more appreciation
of how wonderful she is. She is preoccupied with fantasies of future success, power, and recognition. Maya
is most likely suffering from _____ personality disorder.
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ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
105. Compared to people with histrionic personality disorder, those with narcissistic personality disorder have a
______ grandiose view of themselves and are ______ melodramatic.
a. less; less c. less; more
b. more; less d. more; more
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
106. People with narcissistic personality disorder tend to have _______ relationships than people with borderline
a. more stable c. more romantic
b. less stable d. fewer close family
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
107. More than half of people diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder are ______.
a. women c. late adolescents or young adults
b. men d. unsuccessful
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
108. Joe is a “workaholic” primarily because of the success that accompanies working hard. He is not much
interested in the sense of pride or accomplishment in a job “well-done,” nor the money. His only concern is
the attention and adulation he receives. His behavior is most typical of someone with ______ personality
disorder.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
109. Which of the following is true of narcissistic personalities?

a. They are rarely envious of others.
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b. They are driven by the desire to accumulate wealth rather than by the praise or adulation that
comes with success.
c. They are caring and deep feeling and often sacrifice their own needs to that of others.
d. They are extremely sensitive to criticism.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
110. As in the text’s case of Bill, an emotional factor that underlies narcissistic personality disorder is ______.
a. grandiosity c. depression
b. confidence d. inadequacy
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
111. People who are so terrified of criticism or rejection that they are generally unwilling to enter relationships
are suffering from ______ personality disorder.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
112. How many people in the general population are estimated to have avoidant personality disorder?
a. 0.5 to 1 percent c. 6.4 to 8 percent
b. 2.4 to 3 percent d. 8.4 to 11 percent
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
113. Avoidant personality disorder is ______ as common in men as in women.

a. one-quarter c. equally
b. one-half d. twice
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
114. Alexis wants to be involved with people. In fact, she truly loves people and has strong needs for affection
and acceptance. But, her fears of rejection and public embarrassment prevent her from reaching out to those
around her. Instead, she sticks to her routine and refuses to take any risks or try anything new. Alexis is
most likely suffering from ______ personality disorder.
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b. avoidant d. histrionic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
115. Although schizoid and avoidant personality disorders both display social withdrawal, those with avoidant
personality disorder, unlike those with schizoid personality disorder, ______.
a. are angry all of the time, thus keeping people at a distance
b. feel warmth to other people
c. enjoy performing in public
d. do not mind working in groups or teams
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
116. There is a good deal of overlap between social phobia and ______ personality disorder.
b. dependent d. avoidant
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
117. Avoidant personality disorder is often comorbid (co-occurring) with _________.

a. posttraumatic stress disorder c. social phobia
b. generalized anxiety disorder d. antisocial personality
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
118. People who are overly reliant on others to give them advice or make decisions for them are suffering from
a. dependent c. schizotypal
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
119. Kay is a thoughtful and considerate person but has a difficult time making decisions on her own. She relies
on her one best friend, someone she has known since childhood, to give her advice on virtually every
decision she makes. Sometimes Kay even asks the friend to make the decision for her. At work, she holds a
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position far below her potential and has refused several promotion opportunities. She is most likely
suffering from ______ personality disorder.
a. dependent c. schizotypal
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
120. A dependent man might prefer to marry a(n) ______ wife.

a. submissive c. dominant
b. exhibitionistic d. quiet
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
121. ______ personality disorder is diagnosed more in women than in men.

a. Narcissistic c. Schizoid
b. Avoidant d. Dependent
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
122. Dependent personality disorder has been linked to which of the following?
a. Schizophrenia c. Panic disorder
b. Ulcers d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
123. Dependent personality disorder has been linked to which of the following physical disorders?
a. Asthma c. Ulcers and colitis
b. Migraine headaches d. Epilepsy
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
124. There appears to be a link between dependent personality disorder and ______behavior problems.
a. phallic c. oral
b. anal d. genital
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
125. Which of the following is true of people suffering from dependent personality disorder?
a. Dependent personality disorder is diagnosed more frequently in men than in women.
b. Dependent personality disorder is linked to what psychodynamic theorists call "anal" behavior
problems.
c. Dependent personality disorder is linked to physiological problems such as asthma and migraine
headache.
d. Dependent personalities often attribute their problems to physical, rather than emotional, causes
and seek advice from medical experts.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
126. The defining features of ______ personality disorder are traits such as perfectionism, rigidity, being overly
meticulous, and having difficulties coping with ambiguity.
a. histrionic c. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
127. Meg is a perfectionist. She is so preoccupied with perfection she almost never gets things done on time.
She procrastinates and focuses so closely on trivial details that she often fails to see how the details fit into
the bigger picture. Socially, she rarely goes out because she is too busy working. She often won't make
choices because she fears making the wrong choice. Meg's life is dominated by rigid expectations and
goals. Meg is suffering from _____ personality disorder.
a. schizotypal c. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
128. What type of work habits would be expected with someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder?
a. Disorganized and punctual
b. Perfectionistic and orderly
c. Punctual and orderly
d. Comfortable dealing with ambiguity
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
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129. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is ______ as common in men as in women.
a. one-quarter c. equally
b. one-half d. twice
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
130. A person who manifests features of an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder but who also has
obsessions and compulsions would be diagnosed with ______ via the DSM-5.
a. only a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder
b. only a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
c. a diagnosis of both obsessive-compulsive anxiety and personality disorder
d. a diagnosis of cyclothymia
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
131. People with an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and no anxiety disorder usually would ______.
a. not experience outright obsessions or compulsions
b. experience outright obsessions but not display compulsions
c. experience both outright obsessions and compulsions
d. also have a diagnosis of major depressive disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
132. Failing to “see the forest for the tress” is typical of someone with ______ personality disorder.
a. antisocial c. avoidant
b. obsessive-compulsive d. borderline
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
133. The phrase “a place for everything, and everything in its place” best characterizes people with ______
a. dependent c. histrionic
b. borderline d. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
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134. The DSM adopts a ____________ model for classifying abnormal behavior patterns into specific diagnostic
categories based on particular diagnostic criteria.
a. dimensional c. multidimensional
b. categorical d. spectrum
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
135. The _____________ model depicts personality disorders as maladaptive and extreme variations of
personality dimensions found within the general population.
a. dimensional c. dichotomous
b. categorical d. all-or-none
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
136. Which of the following is one of the five basic traits of personality as defined by the Five-Factor Model of
personality?
a. Inhibition b. Expressiveness
b. Psychoticism d. Agreeableness
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
137. Which of the following best describes the change that developers of the DSM are considering to diagnose
personality disorders?
a. A hybrid dimensional-categorical model
b. A categorical model
c. A completely dimensional model
d. Complete elimination of personality disorders from the DSM
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
138. One limitation of the dimensional model is that it ________ to determine just how extreme a trait needs to
be for it to be deemed clinically meaningful.
a. lacks clear guidelines for setting cut-off scores
b. does not use personality scales
c. does not utilize a quantitative
d. does not rely on the views of experts
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Conceptual
139. Which of the following is a problem with the current system for the classification of personality disorders?
a. There is difficulty in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behaviors.
b. There is not enough overlap among the various categories of personality disorders.
c. The present classification system makes a clear distinction between normal and abnormal
variations in personality.
d. Some of the categories of personality disorders have little scientific data to support them.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
140. The confusion of labels with explanations in diagnosing people with personality disorders often results in
_______.
a. cessation of research to find the causes of various disorders
b. more widespread reliance on inductive reasoning in diagnosis
c. circular reasoning
d. more widespread reliance on deductive reasoning in diagnosis
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
141. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Personality disorders are convenient labels for identifying common patterns of ineffective and
ultimately self-defeating behavior.
b. The labels used to identify personality disorders have been useful in helping to explain their
causes.
c. Clinicians do not appear to have a gender bias in diagnosing some personality disorders now that
there is a dimensional component to diagnoses.
d. Many of the traits used to describe personality disorders cannot be consistently observed.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
142. There are personality disorders for ______.

a. neither stereotypically masculine nor stereotypically feminine behavior
b. stereotypically masculine but not stereotypically feminine behavior
c. stereotypically feminine but not stereotypically masculine behavior
d. both stereotypically masculine and stereotypically feminine behavior
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
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143. The concept of ______ personality seems to be a caricature of the traditional stereotype of the feminine
personality.
b. dependent d. histrionic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
144. Along with histrionic personality disorder, ______ personality disorder may be over-diagnosed in women
because the associated pattern of behavior is generally more common in women than in men.
b. dependent d. schizotypal
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
145. Clinicians show bias in diagnosing men with ______ personality disorder and women with histrionic
a. paranoid c. obsessive-compulsive
b. antisocial d. schizoid
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
146. A research study showed gender bias among clinicians in tending to identify a case description of a(n)
__________ personality disorder as female.
a. avoidant c. obsessive-compulsive
b. narcissistic d. borderline
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
147. Freud believed that most personality disorders have their roots in the ______.
a. collective unconscious c. anal stage of development
b. the Oedipus complex d. development of the id
ANSWER: B
Topic: Theoretical Perspectives
Skill: Conceptual
148. According to Freud, proper resolution of the Oedipus complex is represented by the development of the
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______.
a. id c. superego
b. ego d. persona
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
149. Freud has been criticized for failing to account for the ______.
a. emotional development of both males and females
b. moral development of males
c. moral development of females
d. moral development of both males and females
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
150. Recent (post-Freudian) psychodynamic theories have focused on the age period of ______ as the time
period when most personality disorders begin.
a. birth to 18 months c. 3 to 5 years
b. 18 months to 3 years d. 5 to 9 years
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
151. Recent advances in psychodynamic theory focus on the development of ______.

a. the superego c. the collective unconscious
b. the id d. the sense of self
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
152. Hans Kohut's views on the development of personality are labeled ______ psychology.
a. personal c. individual
b. self d. client-centered
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
153. Kohut believed that ______ lay beneath the inflated veneers of narcissistic personalities.
a. a self-image that had never been seriously challenged
b. an overpowering ego combined with a weak superego
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c. a self-image riddled with feelings of inadequacy
d. an overpowering id combined with a weak superego
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
154. According to Kohut, childhood narcissism ______.

a. is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when combined with parental empathy
b. is normal and sets the stage for healthy development when confronted with strict discipline from
parents
c. is pathological and must be dealt with early and forcefully
d. is pathological if it involves the belief that "the world revolves around me"
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
155. According to Kohut, lack of ______ may set the stage for pathological narcissism in adulthood.
a. a structured environment
b. consistent discipline during toilet training
c. parental empathy and support
d. idealistic parental behavior
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
156. According to Kohut, lack of parental empathy and support may set the stage for pathological ______ in
adulthood.
a. paranoia c. compulsiveness
b. insecurity d. narcissism
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
157. Albert suffers from narcissistic personality disorder. His therapist says that his problem is due to a lack of
parental empathy and support during his normal childhood narcissism. This conceptualization of Albert's
problem is most like that of ______.
a. Kohut c. Mahler
b. Kernberg d. Millon
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
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158. The idea that borderline personality disorder stems from a pre-Oedipal failure to develop a sense of
constancy and unity in one's image of the self and other was proposed by ______.
a. Kohut c. Mahler
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
159. The concept "splitting" is central to ______ psychodynamic theory of borderline personality.
a. Kohut's c. Mahler’s
b. Kernberg's d. Millon's
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
160. Kernberg used the concept of "splitting" to explain ______ personality disorder.
b. avoidant d. borderline
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
161. According to Kernberg, children who fail to synthesize contradictory images of good and bad in themselves
and others are likely to have tendencies toward ______.
a. reactivity c. individuation
b. splitting d. schizotypal traits
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
162. Jason suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist says that his problems are due to a failure
to develop a consistent self-image and splitting. This conceptualization of Jason's problem is most like that
of ______.
a. Kohut c. Mahler
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
163. According to Mahler, infants develop a(n) ______ attachment to their mothers.
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a. reciprocal c. symbiotic
b. ego-syntonic d. ego-dystonic
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
164. A state of "oneness" in which a child's identity is fused with that of the mother is called ______.
a. symbiosis c. identity diffusion
b. synthesis d. reciprocation
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
165. The concept of separation-individuation was developed by ______.

a. Kohut c. Mahler
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
166. Mahler used the concept of separation-individuation to explain ______ personality disorder.
b. avoidant d. borderline
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
167. Reginald suffers from borderline personality disorder. His therapist tells him that his problem stems from a
failure of separation-individuation while he was growing up. His therapist's conceptualization of the
problem is most like that of ______.
a. Kohut c. Mahler
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied

a. Psychodynamic theory has focused too much on direct observations of children in its explanations
of personality disorders.
b. Permissive parenting during the individual’s childhood is linked to the later development of
personality disorders.
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c. Failure for the parents to be critical of small imperfections of the child during childhood plays a
critical role in the development of personality disorders.
d. The ambivalences that characterize adult borderline personality may bear only a superficial
relationship to those of children’s during separation-individuation.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
169. According to Millon, excessive parental discipline may lead to ______ behaviors.
a. paranoid c. obsessive-compulsive
b. histrionic d. avoidant
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
170. Nathan suffers from dependent personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct, his problem arises
from ______ when he was a child.
a. too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical appearance
b. excessive parental control and discipline
c. lack of reward or encouragement, or even discouragement, for exploratory behavior
d. sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
171. Nicholas suffers from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct, his
problem arises from _______ when he was a child.
a. too much parental attention and reinforcement attached to his physical appearance
c. lack of reward or encouragement for exploratory behavior
d. sibling rivalry combined with attention-seeking, emotional parents
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
172. Ryan suffers from histrionic personality disorder. If learning theorists are correct, his problem arises from
______ when he was a child.
a. consistently attentive parents
d. sibling rivalry combined with parents who are dramatic and attention-seeking
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Applied
173. Adam suffers from antisocial personality disorder. If social-learning theorists are correct, his problem arises
from _______ when he was a child.
a. a complete lack of discipline and punishment
d. lack of consistency and predictability in his learning experiences
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
174. The number of people with antisocial personalities who attain executive positions in business is ______.
a. so small that it is virtually immeasurable
b. much smaller than the number in prison or in society at large
c. about the same as the number in prison and in society at large
d. much greater than the number in prison or in society at large
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
175. Identify the social-cognitive theorist who asserted that children learn aggressive behavior by observing the
aggressive behavior of others, including aggression displayed on television.
a. Theodore Millon c. Leonard Ullmann
b. Albert Bandura d. Paul Meehl
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
176. Which of the following is true of people and aggressive behaviors?

a. Children and adults display aggressive behaviors in a mechanical way.
b. Children tend to develop aggressive behaviors spontaneously, indicating that aggressive
tendencies are genetically inherited.
c. People will imitate aggressive behaviors when they are provoked, even if they know they will be
punished for it.
d. People will imitate aggressive behaviors when they are provoked and believe they are more likely
to be rewarded than punished for it.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
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a. Antisocial individuals rarely have difficulty reading emotions in other people’s faces.
b. Antisocial adolescents incorrectly interpret other people’s behavior as threatening when it is not.
c. Antisocial individuals often lash out in anger because they place too much value in what others
expect and resent people expecting so much from them.
d. Antisocial individuals have no particular difficulty recognizing the emotion of fear in other
people’s speech or vocal expression.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
178. In comparing psychodynamic and learning theories about personality disorders, ______.
a. they are both grounded in theory rather than direct observations of family interactions that
presaged the development of personality disorders
b. psychodynamic theory is grounded in theory but learning theories are grounded in direct
observation
c. learning theories are grounded in theory but psychodynamic theory is grounded in direct
observation
d. they are both grounded in direct observations of family interactions that presaged the development
of personality disorders
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
179. Researchers have found that people with borderline personality disorder remember their parents as
significantly more _______.
a. affectionate and smothering c. permissive and inconsistent
b. controlling and less caring d. confused and inconsistent
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
180. When borderline personalities recall their earliest memories, they are more likely to paint significant others
as _______.
a. evil c. distant
b. affectionate d. strict
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
181. Recent research has uncovered a link between borderline personality disorder and ______.
a. a family history of schizophrenia c. childhood abuse or neglect
b. being adopted at or near birth d. social rejection in adolescence
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
182. Family factors such as ______ have been implicated in the development of dependent personality disorder.
a. a weak or absent parent
b. lack of emotional bonding between parents and children
c. overprotectiveness and authoritarianism by parents
d. permissiveness and neglectful parenting
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
183. Researchers believe that ______ personality disorder often emerges within a strongly moralistic and rigid
family environment, which does not permit even minor deviations from expected roles or behaviors.
a. avoidant c. borderline
b. antisocial d. obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
184. Which of the following people is most likely to have experienced parental neglect or rejection?
a. A person with avoidant personality disorder
b. A person with antisocial personality disorder
c. A person with schizotypal personality disorder
d. A person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
185. The McCords have conducted research relating early childhood ______ and subsequent delinquency.
a. fear experiences c. failure experiences
b. parental rejection d. sexual experiences
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
186. According to the family perspective, the key factor(s) in the development of antisocial personality is (are)
______.
a. parental rejection, parental neglect, and failure of the parents to show love to the child
b. extreme strictness in parental rules of conduct combined with unduly harsh punishments
c. parental overprotectiveness and "smothering" leading to rejection of parental values by the child
d. spoiling the child and excessive permissiveness by the parents in their enforcement of conduct
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rules
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
187. In which of the following personality disorders does research suggest genetic factors appear to play a role?
a. Schizoid c. Schizotypal
b. Paranoid d. Dependent
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
188. In which of the following personality disorders does research suggest genetic factors appear to play a role?
a. Narcissistic c. Histrionic
b. Schizoid d. Avoidant
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
189. In addition to genetic contributions to personality traits, your text mentions which of the following factors
as also playing a strong contributing role to the development of these traits?
a. Nutrition
b. Family dysfunction
c. Bicultural environment
d. Having working class parents
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
190. Of the following personality disorders, which one appears to run in families?
a. Avoidant c. Obsessive-compulsive
b. Borderline d. Dependent
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
191. According to the textbook, research suggests that _________of people with personality disorders, such as
antisocial, schizotypal, and borderline types, are more likely to be diagnosed with these disorders
themselves than are members of the general population.
a. parents and siblings
b. co-workers
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c. friends
d. roommates
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
192. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Research shows that genetics alone strongly influences the risk of a person developing an
antisocial personality disorder.
b. Research shows that both genetics and environmental factors strongly influence the risk of a
person developing an antisocial personality disorder.
c. Research shows that environmental factors alone strongly influence the risk of a person
developing an antisocial personality disorder.
d. Research shows that the factors leading to the development of an antisocial personality disorder
are unknown.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
193. Threats of punishment fail to deter antisocial personalities because of ______.

a. high participatory anxiety c. low anticipatory anxiety
b. high levels of projected anger d. low levels of self-awareness
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
194. Hare and other subsequent researchers have found that people with ______ personality disorder have lower
galvanic skin responses when expecting pain than normals.
a. antisocial c. avoidant
b. borderline d. schizoid
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
195. Many researchers believe that people with antisocial personalities suffer from an ______.
a. underresponsive central nervous system
b. overresponsive central nervous system
c. underresponsive autonomic nervous system
d. overresponsive autonomic nervous system
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
196. Evidence supports the notion that people with antisocial personality disorder have ______ threshold of
stimulation.
a. no c. a normal
b. a lower-than-normal d. a higher-than-normal
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
197. People with antisocial or psychopathic personalities appear to have ________ cravings for stimulation
compared to others.
a. no c. equivalent
b. decreased d. exaggerated
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
198. Brain imaging links borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality to dysfunctions in the
__________.
a. prefrontal cortex c. occipital lobe
b. temporal lobe d. parietal lobe
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
199. Brain imaging links borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder to dysfunctions in
parts of the brain involved in____________.
a. regulating emotions and restraining impulsive behaviors
b. regulating hunger and thirst
c. specific aspects of sleep and dreaming
d. learning and memorizing new material
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
200. Areas of the brain most directly implicated in borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality
disorder are the prefrontal cortex and deeper brain structures in the ________.
a. limbic system
b. corpus callosum
c. cerebellum
d. occipital lobe
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
201. Abnormalities in brain circuitry that connects the amygdala with the prefrontal cortex may help explain
difficulties with ________we see in many people with borderline personality and antisocial personality
disorders.
a. impulse control problems
b. memory problems
c. increased need for sleep
d. weight gain
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
202. Martin Zuckerman uses the term sensation seeker to describe people with a(n) __________.
a. strong need to use stimulating substances such as caffeine or nicotine
b. high need for conflict and novelty in their relationships with others
c. inability to remain in a monogamous relationship
d. high need for arousal and constant stimulation
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
203. ___________________ information is available about the rates of personality disorders in other cultures.
a. A lot of c. Very little
b. Plenty of d. About 100 studies worth of
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
204. Which of the following statements is true regarding personality disorders?

a. People with personality disorders view their self-defeating behaviors as natural parts of
themselves.
b. People with personality disorders condemn themselves for their problems.
c. People with personality disorders tend to remain in long term therapy.
d. People with personality disorders take responsibility for their own behavior.
ANSWER: A
Topic: Treatment of Personality Disorders
Skill: Factual
205. Which of the following is true regarding personality disorders?

a. People with personality disorders believe others, not themselves, need to change.
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b. People with personality disorders are usually motivated to seek treatment on their own.
c. People with personality disorders, though challenging in therapy, make great improvements and
are invested in personal change the therapist.
d. People with personality disorders have not been shown to be helped by any of the major therapy
approaches.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
206. People with ______ personality disorders tend to have turbulent relationships with their therapists. They
will idealize their therapists at times and denounce them as uncaring at other times.
a. narcissistic c. histrionic
b. borderline d. antisocial
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
207. Evidence ______ the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and ______ the effectiveness of cognitive-
behavior therapy in treating personality disorders.
a. does not support; does not support c. does not support; supports
b. supports; does not support d. supports; supports
ANSWER: D
Learning Objective: 12.11, 12.12
Skill: Factual
208. A therapist helps her client look at his self-defeating behavior patterns and develop more adaptive methods
of relating to others. This therapist is probably a ______ therapist.
a. psychodynamic c. cognitive
b. behavioral d. humanistic
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
209. A therapeutic technique that combines cognitive-behavior therapy and mindfulness techniques for the
treatment of borderline personality disorder is ______.
a. self-psychology c. attachment therapy
b. Gestalt psychology d. dialectical behavior therapy
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
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210. Dialectical behavior therapy was developed by ______.
a. Aaron Beck c. Marsha Linehan
b. Albert Bandura d. Elizabeth Loftus
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
211. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is specifically designed to treat which of the following?
a. Borderline personality disorder
b. Schizotypal personality disorder
c. Dissociative disorder
d. Dependent personality disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
212. John has been diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder. The psychologist recommends a type of
therapy specifically designed for the treatment of this disorder. What type of therapy is most likely to be
recommended?
a. Rational-emotive therapy
b. Psychodynamic therapy
c. Token economy therapy
d. Dialectical behavior therapy
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
213. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) combines cognitive-behavioral therapy and_________.

a. a diet high in protein
b. a rigorous exercise schedule
c. Buddhist mindfulness meditation
d. a period of fasting
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
214. The word dialectic is drawn from classical philosophy and applies to a form of reasoning in which you
consider__________.
a. both sides of an argument
b. the biological basis of a behavior
c. a deductive perspective
d. only the first perspective offered
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
215. A technique for treating antisocial personality disorder in which prosocial behaviors are rewarded with
chips or tokens that can be exchanged for privileges is called ______.
a. a token economy c. response cost
b. systematic desensitization d. cue-controlled socialization
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
216. Researchers suspect that the impulsive aggressive behaviors typical of some personality disorders may be
related to deficiencies in ______.
a. epinephrine c. serotonin
b. acetylcholine d. dopamine
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
217. Studies indicate that the drug ______ may reduce the aggressive behavior and irritability in impulsive and
aggressive individuals with personality disorders.
a. Ritalin c. Valium
b. Reserpine d. Prozac
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
218. Atypical antipsychotics may have benefits in controlling ______________ in people with ________ but the
effects are modest.
a. feelings of emptiness and self-mutilation; schizotypal personality disorder
b. lethargy and inertia; histrionic personality disorder
c. aggressive and self-destructive behavior; borderline personality disorder
d. obsessive thinking; paranoid personality disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
219. A psychological disorder characterized by failure to control impulses, temptations, or drives, resulting in
harm to oneself or others are ______ disorders.
a. personality c. affective
b. impulse control d. adjustment
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ANSWER: B
Topic: Impulse Control Disorders
Skill: Conceptual
220. Which of the following is characteristic of behaviors associated with an impulse control disorder?
a. Concern with hand washing
b. Lack of ability to stop stealing
c. Inability to diet or engage in an exercise program
d. Difficulty resisting the urge to touch cracks in sidewalks
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
221. When he sees something on sale at the store, Juan has great difficulty not purchasing it despite the fact that
he is heavily in debt. Based on his inability to control this drive, one might say that one has which of the
following?
a. Impulse control disorder
b. Antisocial personality disorder
c. Dissociative disorder
d. Avoidant personality disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
222. A type of impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive stealing is ______.

a. kleptomania c. trichotillomania
b. pyromania d. klismomania
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
223. Which of the following is true of kleptomania?

a. The stolen objects are typically of little value or use to the person.
b. Most people with kleptomania cannot easily afford the items they steal.
c. The thefts are usually motivated by anger or vengeance.
d. The crimes are impulsive and poorly planned.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
224. Shoplifting is ______ and kleptomania is ______.

a. rare; rare c. rare; common
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b. common; rare d. common; common
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
225. Kleptomania shares many common features with ______.

a. generalized anxiety disorders c. dissociative disorders
b. schizoaffective disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
226. Psychodynamic theorists view kleptomania as ______.

a. unconsciously motivated aggression against people who are perceived to have more than they
deserve
b. a defense against unconscious penis envy in women and castration anxiety in men
c. the ego being overwhelmed by urges for instant gratification by the id
d. fixation in the anal stage of development
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
227. Which of the following is a type of impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated episodes of
impulsive, uncontrollable aggression in which people strike out at others or destroy property?
a. Intermittent explosive disorder
b. Obsessive compulsive disorder
c. Antisocial personality disorder
d. Aggressive tendency disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
228. The core feature of Intermittent explosive disorder is _______.

a. impulsive aggressiveness
b. excessive happiness
c. uncontrollable depression
d. controlled and calculated anger
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
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229. Thomas just received a phone call letting him know he received a late charge for not paying his credit card
on time. He throws his cell phone out the window and smashes the TV next to him. Friends say that
Thomas does this often. Thomas most likely can be diagnosed as having which of the following?
a. Intermittent explosive disorder
b. Narcissistic personality disorder
c. Histrionic personality disorder
d. Avoidant personality disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
230. People with intermittent explosive disorder typically experience _____ before their violent outbursts and a
sense of relief afterwards.
a. visual hallucinations
b. great depression
c. auditory hallucinations
d. a state of tension
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
231. Evidence that treatment with _________ has shown promise in treating impulsive aggression associated
with IED.
a. antidepressant drugs that boost serotonin availability
b. antipsychotic drugs that reduce dopamine activity
c. antipsychotic drugs that increase dopamine activity
d. testosterone replacement
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
232. A type of impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive fire setting is ______.
a. kleptomania c. trichotillomania
b. pyromania d. klismomania
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
233. The most common motives for fire setting appear to be _________.
a. due to a psychiatric disorder c. some financial incentive
b. anger and revenge d. infamy
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
True-False Questions
234. Personality disorders are excessively rigid patterns of behaviors or ways of relating to others.
ANSWER: T
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual
235. Personality disorders change from one environment to the next.
ANSWER: F
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual
236. People with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego dystonic—as not being natural parts of
themselves.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
237. People with anxiety disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego dystonic—as not being natural parts of
themselves.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
238. People with personality disorders tend to perceive their traits as ego syntonic—as natural parts of
themselves.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
239. The terms ego syntonic and ego dystonic are basically synonyms of one another.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
240. DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster C includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality
disorders.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
241. DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality
disorders.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
242. DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster B consists of antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
243. DSM-5 personality disorders in Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
244. Clinicians need to weigh cultural and sociopolitical factors when arriving at a diagnosis of paranoid
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
245. Clinicians need to remain objective and unbiased by ignoring a client’s culture and religious beliefs when
arriving at a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
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246. The person with a schizoid personality has a deep interest in maintaining social relationships.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
247. Individuals with avoidant personality disorder seem indifferent to criticism or praise and appear to be
wrapped up in abstract ideas rather than in thoughts about people.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
248. Individuals with avoidant personality disorder show a chronic pattern of avoiding social relationships due
to fears of rejection.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
249. The emotions of people with schizoid personalities are as shallow or blunted as those of people with
schizophrenia.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
250. The apparent social distance and aloofness of people with schizoid personalities may be somewhat
superficial.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
251. People with schizoid personalities may have little appetite for sex, but harbor voyeuristic wishes or become
absorbed with pornography.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
252. Social isolation is the cardinal feature of schizoid personality disorder.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
253. People with schizotypal personality disorder may develop ideas of reference, such as believing that others
are talking about them behind their backs.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
254. People with schizotypal personality disorder often have other co-occurring emotional disorders, such as
major depression and anxiety disorders.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
255. Some people with schizotypal personality disorder may engage in magical thinking, such as believing they
possess a “sixth sense.”
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
256. Investigators find higher rates of schizotypal disorder among African Americans than among Caucasians or
Hispanic Americans.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
257. Schizotypal personality disorder is slightly more common in males than in females.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
258. Schizotypal personality disorder is believed to affect about 9.6% of the general population.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
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259. There is evidence that schizotypal personality and schizophrenia share a common genetic basis.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
260. Most people with schizotypal personality disorder go on to develop schizophrenia or some other psychotic
disorder.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
261. Not all criminals have antisocial personalities, nor do all people with antisocial personality disorder become
criminals.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
262. People with antisocial personalities tend to be impulsive and fail to live up to their commitments to others.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
263. "Psychopath" and "sociopath" refer to antisocial personality disorder.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
264. Antisocial personality disorder is the most extensively studied personality disorder.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
265. Psychopath and sociopath are terms that are synonymous with one another.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
266. People with psychopathic personalities inevitably run afoul of the law.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
267. Some people can intentionally injure others without experiencing feelings of guilt or remorse.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
268. Lack of remorse, which is a cardinal feature of antisocial personality disorder, characterizes all criminals.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
269. Research findings support the popular image of psychopathic murderers as “cold-blooded” killers.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
270. Many notable figures in history, including Lawrence of Arabia, Adolf Hitler, and Marilyn Monroe, have
been depicted as borderline personalities.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
271. Many notable figures in history, including Lawrence of Arabia, Adolf Hitler, and Marilyn Monroe, have
been depicted as antisocial personalities.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
272. Borderline personality disorder is believed to affect as much as 6% of the general adult population.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
273. Women more frequently receive the diagnosis borderline personality than men.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
274. People with borderline personalities usually make good psychotherapy clients and tend to have high "cure"
rates.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
275. People with borderline personalities shift back and forth between viewing people as all good or all bad,
rather than as partly good and partly bad.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
276. About three out of four people with borderline personality disorder make suicide attempts, and about one in
10 eventually commits suicide.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
277. Many features of borderline personality, including suicidal thinking, turbulent emotions, self-harm, and
impulsivity, tend to improve over a period of years.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
278. Histrionic personality disorder is diagnosed more frequently in men than in women.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
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279. People with histrionic personality disorder are often attracted to professions like acting.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
280. People with histrionic personalities become unusually upset by news of a sad event and exude exaggerated
delight at a pleasant occurrence.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
281. People with narcissistic personality are most likely to be women.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
282. Narkissos was a handsome youth who, according to Greek myth, fell in love with his reflection in a spring.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
283. People with narcissistic personalities seek the company of those that will admire them.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
284. Avoidant personality disorder is more common in men than in women.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
285. Unlike people with schizoid personalities, people with avoidant personalities have little or no interest in or
feelings of warmth toward other people.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
286. People with avoidant personalities tend to avoid only specific situations which make them anxious, such as
public speaking or large parties.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
287. Avoidant personality disorder is believed to affect upwards of 5% of the general population.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
288. Dependent personality is diagnosed more frequently in women than in men.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
289. People with dependent personality disorder have such difficulty making independent decisions that in some
cases they allow their parents to decide who they will or will not marry.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
290. People with dependent personalities often attribute their problems to emotional rather than physical
problems.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
291. Dependent personality disorder works as an insulator against other psychological disorders and health
problems.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
292. Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are preoccupied with perfection.
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ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
293. Estimates of the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder vary from 2.1% to 7.9% of the
population.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
294. There is a high degree of overlap among the personality disorders.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
295. Co-occurrence (called comorbidity) of different personality disorders is not common.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
296. It is often difficult to draw the line between normal variations in behavior and personality disorders.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
297. A problem with the diagnosis of personality disorders is that they involve personality traits, which, in lesser
degrees, describe the behavior of most normal individuals.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
298. The DSM-5.1 may diagnose personality using a hybrid dimensional–categorical model that is part
categorical and part dimensional.
ANSWER: T
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Skill: Factual
299. Freud has been criticized for failing to account for the moral development of females.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
300. Kernberg views antisocial personality in terms of a failure in early childhood to develop a sense of
constancy and unity in one’s image of oneself and others.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
301. According to Mahler, the mother may disrupt normal separation-individuation by refusing to let go of the
child or by too quickly pushing the child toward independence.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
302. A strength of psychodynamic theory is that it is based largely on inferences drawn from behavior and
retrospective accounts of adults rather than on observations of children.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
303. Millon suggests that histrionic personality disorder may be rooted in childhood experiences in which social
reinforcers, such as parental attention, are connected to the child’s appearance and willingness to perform
for others.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
304. Social-cognitive theories emphasize the role of the unconscious in explaining the origins of antisocial
behavior.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
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305. Social-cognitive theories emphasize the role of reinforcement in explaining the origins of antisocial
behaviors.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
306. There are far more psychopathic personalities in executive positions in business than in prison.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
307. Childhood abuse, parental neglect, or lack of parental nurturing have not proven to be important risk factors
in the development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
308. Consistent with psychodynamic theory, family factors such as parental overprotection and authoritarianism
are implicated in the development of dependent personality traits.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
309. People with antisocial personality tend to remain unduly calm in the face of impending pain.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
310. The central nervous systems of people with antisocial personality disorder appear to be underresponsive to
stressful stimuli.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
311. There is little evidence for genetic factors playing a role in several types of personality disorders, including
antisocial, narcissistic, paranoid, and borderline types.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
312. Antisocial personality disorder is most common among members of the upper class.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
313. Little information is available about the rates of personality disorders in other cultures.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
314. Social problems such as alcohol and drug abuse, teenage pregnancy, and disorganized and disintegrating
families do not lead to child abuse and neglect.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
315. Promising results are reported using structured forms of psychodynamically-oriented therapies in treating
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
316. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is specifically designed to treat schizotypal personality disorder.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
317. Drug therapy does not directly treat personality disorders.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
318. The DSM includes a category of mental disorders called impulse-control disorders that are characterized by
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difficulties in controlling or restraining impulsive behavior.
ANSWER: T
Topic: Impulse-Control Disorders
Skill: Factual
319. Kleptomania is considered a rare condition, affecting less than 1% of the general population, but occurring
more frequently in women by a ratio of about three to one.
ANSWER: T
Topic: Impulse-Control Disorders
Skill: Factual
320. Typically, people with intermittent explosive disorder attempt to justify their behavior, but they also feel
genuine remorse or regret because of the harm their behavior causes.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
321. Some clinicians argue that anger disorders should be included in the DSM.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
322. Some theorists express the concern that diagnosing anger disorders might undermine efforts to reduce
intimate partner violence.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
323. A large percentage of arsonists are diagnosed with pyromania.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
Essay Questions
324. Define "personality disorder." List and describe each of the three personality clusters used to categorize
personality disorders with the DSM.
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Skill: Conceptual
325. Provide a description of each of the Cluster A personality disorders. What are the common features shared
by this cluster?

Skill: Conceptual
326. Provide a description of each of the Cluster B personality disorders. What are the common features shared
by this cluster?

Skill: Factual
327. Provide a description of each of the Cluster C personality disorders. What are the common features shared
by this cluster?

Skill: Factual
328. Describe the features of paranoid personality disorder. How does the paranoia of a person with paranoid
personality disorder differ from that experienced by someone with schizophrenia?

Skill: Factual
329. Why is it important to weigh in the impact of cultural and sociopolitical factors when arriving at a
diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder?

Skill: Factual
330. Discuss the emotional features of the individual with schizoid personality disorder. Integrate what is known
about the inner emotional lives of individuals with this diagnosis (for example, having curiosity about other
people).

Skill: Conceptual
331. Describe the unusual perceptions experienced by the person with schizotypal personality disorder.
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Skill: Factual
332. Discuss the relationship between schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia. Describe the
biological commonalities between the two diagnoses.

Skill: Factual
333. Discuss the two dimensions of antisocial personality disorder.

Skill: Factual
334. Discuss the difficulties with emotional regulation exhibited by individuals with borderline personality
disorder. What purpose might maladaptive behaviors serve for the person with borderline personality
disorder?

Skill: Factual
335. What is purpose of self-mutilation with the person with borderline personality disorder?

Skill: Conceptual
336. Describe and discuss a person who has been diagnosed as having a narcissistic personality disorder—focus
your discussion on this person’s relationships.

Skill: Conceptual
337. What disorder does avoidant personality disorder overlap? What does this overlap suggest about the
relationship between the two disorders?

Skill: Factual
338. Why should dependency needs be examined through the lens of culture when determining if this
characteristic is diagnosable as a psychological disorder?
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Skill: Conceptual
339. Describe the hybrid dimensional-categorical model currently being considered for DSM-5.1. What are
some of the concerns with the use of such a model?

Skill: Conceptual
340. How does the overlap among descriptions of personality disorders with other disorders and within
themselves create problems in diagnosis?

Skill: Conceptual
341. Explain the problem of confusing diagnostic labels with explanation. How might this lead to circular
reasoning?

Skill: Conceptual
342. Explain how the construction of certain personality disorders may have sexist underpinnings. Does the
diagnosis of dependent personality disorder unfairly stigmatize women who have been socialized into
dependent roles by attaching to them a label of a personality disorder? Explain.

Skill: Conceptual
343. Describe in detail how social conditions may contribute to the development of personality disorders.

Skill: Conceptual
344. Your text emphasizes a multifactorial model of abnormal behavior, the view that psychological disorders
result from a complex web of psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors. Apply this model in
understanding personality disorders.

Topic: Tying it Together: A Multifactorial Pathway in the Development of Antisocial Personality Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
345. What is the aim of a psychodynamic approach to treatment of a personality disorder? Discuss the promising
results being noted in using structured forms of psychodynamic therapies in treating personality disorders.
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Skill: Conceptual
346. Describe Marsha Linehan’s Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). What is meant by dialectic? What
techniques are incorporated in this approach to treatment?
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 482-483

Skill: Conceptual
347. Explain what impulse control disorders are, and briefly describe at least five types of impulse control
disorders.

Skill: Factual
348. Describe the prevalence, features, and characteristics of kleptomania. How is it similar to, or different from,
obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Skill: Conceptual
349. Should the DSM include a diagnostic category for anger disorder? Why or why not? Include Jerry
Deffenbacher’s position in your argument.

Skill: Conceptual
350. Describe the features and characteristics of pyromania. What do individuals who set fires find reinforcing
about the act?

Skill: Conceptual
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REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS
EOC Q12.1
The DSM groups personality disorders into three clusters: odd or eccentric behavior; dramatic,
emotional, or erratic behavior; and ___________.
a) destructive or passive-aggressive behavior

b) temperamental or unpredictable behavior
c) anxious or fearful behavior
d) maladaptive or damaging behavior
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.1 Identify three clusters of personality disorders used in the DSM system.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q12.2
Although there is no evidence to support it, Simone is constantly suspicious and worried that her
coworkers are out to get her fired. She has been diagnosed with personality disorder. Which is
the most likely diagnosis?
a) schizotypal personality disorder

b) schizoid personality disorder
c) paranoid personality disorder
d) borderline personality disorder
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by odd
or eccentric behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
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EOC Q12.3
Rob, a first-year medical student, is preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, and
recognition for his “brilliance.” He devotes himself tirelessly to his work and is constantly
seeking recognition from others. He is also extremely sensitive to the slightest hint of rejection or
criticism. According to the criteria of the DSM-5, a diagnosis of __________ personality
disorder would be most appropriate.
a) narcissistic
b) histrionic
c) borderline
d) obsessive-compulsive
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.3 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by
dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
EOC Q12.4
At work, John eats alone, avoids socializing with his coworkers, and has yet to make it to any
company picnics or gatherings. Since John’s withdrawal is based on an intense fear of rejection
rather than a lack of interest in people, he would most likely be diagnosed with __________
a) antisocial
b) avoidant
c) dependent
d) schizoid
Answer: b
anxious or fearful behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
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EOC Q12.5
The high rate of comorbidity of different personality disorders points to which of the following
problems with the classification of these disorders?
a) confusion between categorical and dimensional disorders

b) difficulty distinguishing between personality disorders and mood disorders
c) personality disorders that are not sufficiently distinct from each other
d) confusion between labeling and explaining behavior
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate problems associated with the classification of personality
disorders.
Skill Level: Analyze
EOC Q12.6
According to __________, children go through a normal stage of healthy narcissism in early

childhood.
a) Hans Kohut
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Otto Kernberg
d) Aaron Beck
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe psychodynamic perspectives on the development of
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EOC Q12.7
Psychologist Theodore Millon suggests that children whose behavior is rigidly controlled and
punished by parents, even for minor transgressions, may develop behavioral characteristics
associated with which personality disorder?
a) antisocial personality disorder

b) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
c) narcissistic personality disorder
d) histrionic personality disorder
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 12.7 Describe learning theory perspectives on the development of
EOC Q12.8
Applying a family perspective on the development of personality disorders, researchers found

that compared to others, people with __________ personality disorder remember their parents as
more controlling and less caring, or as failing to protect them.
a) avoidant
b) borderline
c) schizotypal
d) narcissistic
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 12.8 Describe the role of family relationships in the development of
979
EOC Q12.9
Kevin’s clinician believes that Kevin’s personality disorder is rooted in a brain abnormality in
the __________, a brain region involved in processing emotional responses and forming new
memories.
a) medulla oblongata
b) cerebellum
c) limbic system
d) parietal lobe
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.9 Describe biological perspectives on the development of personality
disorders.
EOC Q12.10
The __________ was developed in an effort to standardize diagnostic tools that could be used to
arrive at diagnoses worldwide.
a) International Personality Disorder Examination

b) Big Five Personality model
c) Worldwide Personality Assessment
d) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.10 Describe sociocultural perspectives on the development of personality
disorders.
Skill Level: Remember
980
EOC Q12.11
Compared to traditional psychoanalysts, therapists adopting more structured forms of

psychodynamically oriented therapy are more __________ in their approach with the client in
treating of personality disorders.
a) confrontational
b) forgiving
c) indirect
d) accepting
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.11 Describe psychodynamic approaches to treating personality disorders.
EOC Q12.12
The cognitive-behavioral therapist __________ focuses on helping the individual identify and
correct distorted thinking, such as the tendency to see oneself as completely defective and
helpless.
a) Aaron Beck
b) Hans Kohut
c) Margaret Mahler
d) Theodore Millon
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.12 Describe cognitive-behavioral approaches to treating personality
disorders.
981
EOC Q12.13
The beneficial effects of atypical antipsychotics in controlling aggressive and self-destructive

behavior is borderline personality disorder are best described as __________.
a) modest
b) substantial
c) long lasting
d) nonexistent
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.13 Describe drug therapy approaches to treating personality disorders.
EOC Q12.14
People with impulse-control disorders often have other psychological disorders, especially
__________, which leads some investigators to question whether impulse-control disorders
should be classified in their own diagnostic category.
a) mood disorders
b) personality disorders
c) eating disorders
d) disorders of depression
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.14 Describe the key features of impulse-control disorders.
EOC Q12.15
The traditional psychodynamic perspective on kleptomania among women is that it is a defense

against __________.
a) unconscious penis envy

b) id overload
c) ego conflict
d) castration anxiety
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.15 Describe the key features of kleptomania.
982
EOC Q12.16
Which of the following drug categories have demonstrated success in the treatment of
intermittent explosive disorder?
a) antidepressant drugs
b) anti-anxiety drugs
c) neuroleptic drugs
d) anti-inflammatory drugs
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.16 Describe the key features of intermittent explosive disorder.
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q12.17
__________ is characterized by repeated acts of compulsive fire-setting in response to

irresistible urges.
a) Psynomania
b) Pseudomania
c) Pyromania
d) Trichotillomania
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.17 Describe the key features of pyromania.
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q12.1.1
Which DSM cluster of personality disorders includes antisocial personality disorder?
a) Cluster A: Disorders involving odd or eccentric behavior.

b) Cluster B: Disorders involving overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior.
c) Cluster C: Disorders involving anxious or fearful behavior.
d) Cluster D: Disorders involving significant mood swings.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 12.1 Identify three clusters of personality disorders used in the DSM system.
Difficulty: Easy
983
EOM Q12.1.2
Oliver has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. He has a lack of interest in social
relationships, shallow emotions, and experiences social withdrawal. Which diagnosis best
matches the description of Oliver’s behavior?
a) schizotypal personality disorder

b) antisocial personality disorder
c) avoidant personality disorder
d) schizoid personality disorder
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 12.2 Describe the key features of personality disorders characterized by odd
or eccentric behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q12.1.3
Zelda is dramatic, impulsive, engages in self-injury, and makes frequent suicidal references. Her
behavior most closely matches the DSM-5 diagnosis of __________ personality disorder.
a) narcissistic
b) depressive
c) borderline
d) bipolar
Answer: c
dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior.
Skill Level: Apply
984
EOM Q12.1.4
Because there are strong social pressures for women to be demure, deferential, and passive in
some cultures, it could be that __________ personality disorder in women reflects cultural
influences rather than an underlying personality disorder.
a) dependent
b) social anxiety
c) independent
d) avoidant
Answer: a
anxious or fearful behavior.
EOM Q12.1.5
A clinician who views personality disorders as maladaptive versions of neuroticism,

extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and/or conscientiousness would most likely
be a proponent of which model of personality?
a) Cattell’s 16PF model

b) Freud’s psychodynamic model
c) the Five-Factor model
d) Rogers’s humanistic model
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.5 Evaluate problems associated with the classification of personality
disorders.
985
EOM Q12.2.1
According to Otto Kernberg, __________ personality disorder stems from a childhood failure to
develop a sense of constancy and unity in one’s image of self and others.
a) narcissistic
b) schizoid
c) borderline
d) avoidant
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.6 Describe psychodynamic perspectives on the development of
EOM Q12.2.2
__________ helps aggressive, antisocial children and adolescents reconceptualize conflict

situations as problems to be solved, rather than as threats to be responded to aggressively.
a) Problem-solving therapy
b) Rational behavior therapy
c) Interpersonal psychotherapy
d) Dialectical behavior therapy
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.7 Describe learning theory perspectives on the development of
986
EOM Q12.2.3
Family theory perspectives suggest that parental overprotection and authoritarianism are
implicated in the development of dependent personality traits. Which other theoretical
perspective is most consistent with this view?
a) sociocultural theory
b) cognitive theory
c) psychodynamic theory
d) learning theory
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.8 Describe the role of family relationships in the development of
EOM Q12.2.4
Matt has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. According to Hervey Cleckley,
what can Matt do better than most individuals?
a) remember details
b) maintain composure in stressful situations
c) read nonverbal interaction cues
d) maintain alertness
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 12.9 Describe biological perspectives on the development of personality
disorders.
Skill Level: Apply
987
EOM Q12.2.5
The finding that __________ personality disorder is reported most frequently among people
from lower socioeconomic classes suggests that stressors encountered by disadvantaged families
may contribute to the development of this disorder.
a) borderline
b) schizoid
c) histrionic
d) antisocial
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 12.10 Describe sociocultural perspectives on the development of personality
disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q12.3.1
Janie has been diagnosed with a personality disorder and her therapist focuses on helping
understand her personality structure and the childhood roots of her self-defeating behavior.
Janie’s therapist is most likely taking a __________ approach.
a) cognitive-behavioral
b) psychodynamic
c) sociocultural
d) biological
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 12.11 Describe psychodynamic approaches to treating personality disorders.
988
EOM Q12.3.2
Chris is in a cognitive-behavioral residential program which uses a system that rewards prosocial
behaviors with items such as plastic chips that be exchanged for privileges in order to help
residents change maladaptive behaviors. This type of system is called a(n) __________.
a) conditional community
b) adaptive community
c) reward-driven economy
d) token economy
Answer: d
disorders.
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q12.3.3
__________ therapy combines cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness meditation to help

people with borderline personality disorder accept and tolerate strong negative emotions.
a) Anxiety management
b) Social skills
c) Dialectical behavior
d) Psychoanalytic
Answer: c
disorders.
989
EOM Q12.3.4
Irregularities in the activity of which of the following neurotransmitters has been implicated in
aggressive behavior of the type seen in borderline personality disorder?
a) serotonin
b) melatonin
c) epinephrine
d) glutamate
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.13 Describe drug therapy approaches to treating personality disorders.
EOM Q12.3.5
__________ headed the group of therapists responsible for the development of dialectical
behavior therapy.
a) Marsha Linehan
b) Aaron Beck
c) Otto Kernberg
d) Sigmund Freud
Answer: a
disorders.
EOM Q12.4.1
Joe has been diagnosed with an impulse-control disorder. He typically feels a rising level of
tension just prior to his impulsive act followed by a sense of _________ after the act is
completed.
a) hopelessness
b) panic
c) relief
d) guilt
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 12.14 Describe the key features of impulse-control disorders.
Skill Level: Apply
990
EOM Q12.4.2
__________ shares common features with obsessive-compulsive disorder, such as the presence
of an irresistible, repetitive pattern of behavior.
a) Schizoid
b) Neumania
c) Narcissism
d) Kleptomania
Answer: d
EOM Q12.4.3
Kleptomania affects more women than men, at a ratio of approximately __________.
a) 2 to 1
b) 3 to 1
c) 5 to 1
d) 10 to 1
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q12.4.4
__________ is an impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated episodes of impulsive,

uncontrolled aggression.
a) Hegemonic masculinity disorder

b) Intermittent explosive disorder
c) Trichotillomania
d) Anger management disorder
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 12.16 Describe the key features of intermittent explosive disorder.
991
EOM Q12.4.5
Emory has been diagnosed with pyromania. Treatment will most likely involve __________
therapy, focusing on thoughts and situational cues that prompt his fire-setting urges.
a) cognitive-behavioral
b) humanistic
c) psychodynamic
d) biological
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 12.17 Describe the key features of pyromania.
Skill Level: Apply
992

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Total Assessment Guide

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

3. Personality disorders are ______.

4. The traits involved in personality disorders usually become evident in ______.

6. Which of the following is true about personality disorders?

7. Which of the following is true of people with personality disorders?

13. The DSM-5 groups personality disorders into ______ clusters.

14. Which of the following is true?

15. The DSM lists ______ individual personality disorders.

17. Which of the following is a DSM cluster A personality disorder?

19. Which of the following is a DSM cluster B personality disorder?

22. Which of the following is a DSM cluster C personality disorder?

24. The defining trait of ______ personality disorder is pervasive suspiciousness.

32. People with schizoid personality disorders tend to be socially ______.

33. Men with schizoid personality disorder rarely ______.

39. People with schizotypal personality disorders tend to be socially ______.

64. Antisocial personality is ______ socioeconomic classes.

67. A cardinal feature of ______ personality disorder is lack of remorse.

79. The cold-blooded murder style has been labeled ______.

91. Self-inflicted cutting is a characteristic of people with ______ personality disorder.

95. Emotional instability is a central characteristic of ______ personality disorder.

109. Which of the following is true of narcissistic personalities?

113. Avoidant personality disorder is ______ as common in men as in women.

117. Avoidant personality disorder is often comorbid (co-occurring) with _________.

120. A dependent man might prefer to marry a(n) ______ wife.

121. ______ personality disorder is diagnosed more in women than in men.

141. Which of the following statements is true?

142. There are personality disorders for ______.

151. Recent advances in psychodynamic theory focus on the development of ______.

154. According to Kohut, childhood narcissism ______.

165. The concept of separation-individuation was developed by ______.

168. Which of the following is true?

176. Which of the following is true of people and aggressive behaviors?

177. Which of the following is true?

192. Which of the following statements is true?

193. Threats of punishment fail to deter antisocial personalities because of ______.

204. Which of the following statements is true regarding personality disorders?

205. Which of the following is true regarding personality disorders?

213. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) combines cognitive-behavioral therapy and_________.

222. A type of impulse control disorder characterized by compulsive stealing is ______.

223. Which of the following is true of kleptomania?

224. Shoplifting is ______ and kleptomania is ______.

225. Kleptomania shares many common features with ______.

226. Psychodynamic theorists view kleptomania as ______.

228. The core feature of Intermittent explosive disorder is _______.

235. Personality disorders change from one environment to the next.

252. Social isolation is the cardinal feature of schizoid personality disorder.

263. "Psychopath" and "sociopath" refer to antisocial personality disorder.

281. People with narcissistic personality are most likely to be women.

284. Avoidant personality disorder is more common in men than in women.

288. Dependent personality is diagnosed more frequently in women than in men.

294. There is a high degree of overlap among the personality disorders.

295. Co-occurrence (called comorbidity) of different personality disorders is not common.

317. Drug therapy does not directly treat personality disorders.

323. A large percentage of arsonists are diagnosed with pyromania.

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224. Shoplifting is and kleptomania is .