Nevid CH13 TB

Total Assessment Guide
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

Learning Objective Multiple Choice 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Introduction
True-False
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 7, 8 9
13.1
True-False 276, 277, 278
Essay 379 380
13.2 16
True-False
Essay 381
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 29, 41 21, 32, 33
13.3 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 30, 31, 34, 35,
36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49
True-False 279, 280, 281, 282,
283, 284, 285, 286
Essay 382, 383
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57
13.4 55, 58
True-False 287, 288
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 60, 61, 64, 65, 66 59 62, 63
13.5
True-False 289, 290, 291
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 67, 68, 69, 70, 71,
13.6 72
True-False 292, 293
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 122 79, 80, 81, 82, 90,
13.7 78, 83, 84, 85, 86, 99, 103, 126, 127
87, 88, 89, 91, 92,
93, 94, 95, 96, 97,
98, 100, 101, 102,
104, 105, 106, 107,
108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114, 115,
116, 117, 118, 119,
120, 121, 123, 124,
125, 128
True-False 294, 295, 296, 297,
298, 299, 300, 301,
302, 303, 304, 305,
306, 307, 308, 309,
310, 311, 312, 313
Essay 384, 385, 386, 387,
Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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388
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 129, 130, 131, 132
13.8
True-False 314, 315, 316, 317,
318, 319
Essay 389
13.9 137, 138, 139, 140,
141, 142, 143, 146,
147, 148, 149, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155,
156, 157, 158, 159
True-False 320, 321, 322, 323
Essay 390, 392 391
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 160, 161 162, 163
13.10
True-False
Essay 393
13.11 170, 171, 172, 173
True-False 324, 325, 326
Essay 394
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 174
13.12
True-False 327
Essay
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 175, 176, 177, 178, 179
13.13 180, 181, 182, 183,
184, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194
True-False 328, 329, 330, 331,
332, 333, 334, 335,
336, 337, 338
Essay 395, 396 397
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 195, 196, 197, 198, 199
13.14 200, 201, 202, 203
True-False 339, 340, 341, 342
Essay 398
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 204, 205, 206, 208, 211, 213, 214 207
13.15 209, 210, 212, 215,
216, 217
True-False 343, 344, 345, 346,
347
Essay 399
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226 219
13.16 223, 227
True-False 348, 349, 350, 351,
352
Essay 400
Learning Objective Multiple Choice 228, 229, 230, 231,
13.17 232, 233, 234, 235,
236, 237, 238, 239,
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240, 241
True-False 353, 354, 355, 356,
357, 358, 359, 360,
361
Essay 401 402
13.18 246, 247, 248, 249,
250, 251, 252, 253
True-False 362, 363, 364, 365,
366, 367, 368, 369
Essay 403
13.19 258, 259, 262, 263,
264, 265, 267, 268,
269
True-False 370, 371, 372, 373,
374, 375, 376
Essay 404
13.20 274, 275
True-False 377, 378
Essay
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13
Abnormal Behavior in Childhood
and Adolescence
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Donna Williams, an autistic woman, was taken to a doctor at the age of three because her parents were
concerned she ______.
a. was malnourished c. lacked interest in other children
b. would not play with them d. had too many temper tantrums
ANSWER: A
Level of Difficulty (1-3): 2 Page: 494
Topic: Introduction
Learning Objective: Introduction
Skill: Factual
2. Many disorders with children are first identified __________.

a. during a yearly check with the child’s pediatrician
b. by relatives of the child
c. when the child enters school
d. when the child is found to have trouble making friends
ANSWER: C
Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence
Skill: Factual
3. Many children are misdiagnosed when clinicians ________________.

a. fail to take developmental expectations into account
b. fail to take the child’s economic background into account
c. limit information-gathering about the child to the parents
d. do not consider the impact of the child’s school on how the child behaves
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
4. ______ is the category within the DSM-5 that has many of the psychological disorders affecting children
and adolescents.
a. Neurodevelopment disorders c. Separation anxiety disorder
b. Autism d. Major depressive disorder
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
5. ______ is classified as a neurodevelopment disorder in the DSM-5.

a. Enuresis c. Separation anxiety disorder
b. Encopresis d. Autism spectrum disorder
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
6. ______ are classified as neurodevelopment disorders in the DSM-5.

a. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and pica
b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
c. Pica and separation anxiety disorder
d. Enuresis and encopresis
ANSWER: B
Topic: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood
Skill: Factual
7. In a research study comparing American and Thai parents’ attitudes to children’s “overcontrol” and
“undercontrol,” the Thai parents rated ______ as compared to the American parents.
a. overcontrol as a problem but not undercontrol
b. undercontrol as a problem but not overcontrol
c. both sets of problems as less serious
d. both sets of problems as more serious
ANSWER: C
Learning Objective: 13.1
Skill: Factual
8. Play therapy, in which a child enacts family conflicts through play activities, such as play-acting with dolls
or puppets, was developed by ______.
a. psychodynamic therapists c. humanistic therapists
b. behavioral therapists d. cognitive therapists
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
9. Which of the following is true of psychotherapy with children?

a. It is similar in most important aspects to therapy with adults.
b. If treated in an inviting, nonthreatening manner, most children have the ability to sit through a
therapy session.
c. Children may not have the verbal skills to express their feelings through speech.
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d. Therapy methods must be focus on what the child wants to talk about along with rewards for
participating in the session.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
10. One in ______ children suffers from a mental disorder severe enough to impair personal development.
a. five c. fifteen
b. ten d. twenty
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
11. The most commonly diagnosed psychological problem(s) in children age 6 to 17 ______.
a. are learning disorders c. is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
b. is conduct disorder d. is major depression
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
12. A national telephone survey found that ______ percent of girls from 12 to 17 reported that they had
suffered from major depression in the preceding six months.
a. 4 c. 24
b. 14 d. 34
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
13. A national telephone survey of American youth aged 12 to 17 found that girls were ______ as likely as
boys to suffer from major depression in the 6 months preceding the survey.
a. half c. twice
b. just d. five times
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
14. The majority of children with mental health disorders ______.

a. are referred to mental health professionals by their teachers
b. are referred to mental health professionals by their pediatricians
c. fail to obtain the treatment that they need
d. have separation anxiety disorder
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ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
15. Which childhood behavior problem is least likely to result in treatment?

a. Depression c. Setting fires
b. Stealing d. Fighting
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
16. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Girls are at greater risk for developing Gender Identity Disorder.
b. Girls are at greater risk for developing many childhood problems, ranging from autism to
hyperactivity to elimination disorders.
c. In childhood, problems of anxiety and depression affect girls more often than boys.
d. In adolescence, problems of depression affect girls more often than boys.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
17. In childhood, boys are at ______ risk than girls for developing problems of depression.
a. less c. equal
b. greater d. unknown
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
18. Boys are more likely than girls to develop which of the following disorders?
a. Anorexia nervosa c. Bulimia nervosa
b. Hysteria d. Elimination problems
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
19. Anxiety and mood disorders become more common among females than males for the first time during
______.
a. childhood c. young adulthood
b. adolescence d. middle adulthood
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
20. ______ children have problems in forming healthy peer relationships and developing empathy and a sense
of conscience.
a. Overprotected c. Pushed and overly scheduled
b. Dyslexic d. Physically abused
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
21. Walter is a 13-year-old boy who tortures animals, picks fights with smaller boys, underachieves in school,
and talks about committing suicide. His behavior problems suggest that he may have been ______.
a. adopted
b. physically abused or neglected
c. a victim of fragile X syndrome
d. brain damaged either before or during birth
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
22. Each year, ______ children in the United States are abused or neglected.
a. 550,000 c. 5.5 million
b. 3.5 million d. 10.5 million
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
23. __________ is defined as a set of behaviors representing persistent deficits in communication and social
interactions and restricted or fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.
a. A learning disorder c. Autism spectrum disorder
b. Disruptive behavior disorder d. Communication disorder
ANSWER: C
Topic: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Skill: Factual
24. Autism is a ______ condition.

a. mild, short-term c. mild, lifelong
b. severe, short-term d. severe, lifelong
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
25. The term "autism" derives from the Greek word meaning ______.
a. self c. inward
b. lost d. alone
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
26. Autism was first used to describe a characteristic of ______.

a. what we now refer to as antisocial personality disorder
b. social withdrawal, attributable to depression
c. schizophrenic thinking
d. the manic phase of bipolar disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
27. The term “autism” was introduced by ______.

a. Carl Jung c. Ivor Lovaas
b. Emil Kraeplin d. Eugen Bleuler
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
28. In 1943, the phrase “early infantile autism” was first applied to a group of disturbed children by ______.
a. Ivar Lovaas c. Fred Volkmar
b. Leo Kanner d. Eugen Bleuler
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
29. Autistic thinking is the tendency to ______.

a. engage in persistently obsessive thought patterns
b. see oneself as the center of the universe
c. see oneself as being "swallowed up" by the universe
d. engage in abstract thinking patterns that no one else can understand
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Conceptual
30. Children with autism seem to ______ input from the outside world.
a. shut out any c. distort all
b. under-respond to all d. focus only on
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
31. In the previous version of the DSM, ___________ were used to describe distinct disorders within the
autism spectrum.
a. Asperger’s disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder
b. Asperger’s disorder and Tourette’s syndrome
c. Tourette’s syndrome and Rett’s disorder
d. childhood disintegrative disorder and Tourette’s syndrome
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
32. Charlie is an eight-year-old who has not developed friends or relationships, is obsessed with dinosaurs,
displays repetitive behaviors, but has normal speech abilities. Charlie is probably exhibiting signs of
______.
a. Asperger’s disorder c. Wilson’s disorder
b. Rett’s disorder d. Tourette’s syndrome
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
33. Marty is in middle school. He is an intelligent boy with good language skills. He is fascinated with the
local train schedule and likes to make sure that the train arrives and leaves on time every day. Marty does
not like to play with other children and he has difficulty making eye contact with anyone. Marty has
diagnostic features of ______.
a. Rett’s disorder c. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
b. childhood disintegrative disorder d. Asperger’s disorder
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
34. An autism spectrum disorder characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without the
significant language or cognitive delays associated with autism is ______.
a. Rett’s disorder c. Asperger’s disorder
b. intellectual developmental disorder d. childhood disintegrative disorder
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
35. The prevalence of autism has been ______ over the past 20 years.
a. decreasing c. slightly increasing
b. about the same d. dramatically increasing
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
36. Experts attribute much of the rise in reported cases of autism to ______.
a. greater awareness of the disorder c. hormones within our diet
b. over diagnosing of the disorder d. vaccinations
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
37. There is an increased probability of autism occurring with _____.

a. older fathers c. younger fathers
b. older mothers d. younger mothers
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
38. About 1 in ______ children in the United States suffer from an autism spectrum disorder.
a. 15 c. 110
b. 50 d. 300
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
39. In 2013, researchers estimated that __________ percent of children in the United States have an autism
spectrum disorder.
a. 1 c. 5
b. 2 d. 10
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
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40. The number of reported cases of autism spectrum disorders has ______ in the past twenty years.
a. increased slightly
b. decreased slightly
c. decreased dramatically
d. increased dramatically
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
41. The increase in the number of children in the United States diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder
may be due to a(n)__________.
a. increase in the numbers of vaccinations given
b. increase in the amount of food dyes and food additives
c. decrease in the numbers of cases of Asperger’s disorder and other milder forms of autism
spectrum disorder
d. increase in the numbers of cases of Asperger’s disorder and other milder forms of autism spectrum
disorder
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
42. Some parents of children with _________ worry that their children may not meet the DSM-5 criteria for
autism spectrum disorder and thus not receive treatment services or reimbursement for these services.
a. Rett’s Disorder
b. Tourette’s syndrome
c. Asperger’s disorder
d. autism
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
43. Investigators have linked an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with __________.
a. older fathers
b. older mothers
c. younger fathers
d. younger mothers
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
44. Scientists have ______ between autism and childhood vaccines.

a. failed to find any association c. found a moderate connection
b. found only minor correlations d. found a very strong link
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ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
45. Autism occurs ______ in boys as compared to girls.

a. equally c. twice as much
b. two-thirds as much d. nearly five times as much
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
46. The clinical features of autism generally become evident between ______ of age.
a. 5 and 10 months c. 18 and 30 months
b. 12 and 18 months d. 30 and 36 months
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
47. Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until age ______.

a. two c. six
b. four d. eight
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
48. Which factor would result in a poorer prognosis for autistic children?
a. Delay in diagnosis c. Urban residence
b. An autistic sibling d. Restricted diet
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
49. Children who are eventually diagnosed with autism are often described by their parents as having been
______ babies early in infancy.
a. demanding c. passive
b. active d. good
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
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50. The most poignant feature of autism is the child's ______.
a. ritualistic behavior c. panic episodes
b. communication difficulties d. utter aloneness
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
51. Which of the following is true of children with autism?

a. They maintain good eye contact but typically are not drawn to social exchanges.
b. As they develop, they begin to reject affectionate contacts such as hugging, kissing, and cuddling
with their parents.
c. They are often described by their parents as having been difficult babies during early infancy.
d. They have distinctive, unusual facial features and have an "intelligent look" about them.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
52. Language and communication problems displayed by children with autism include which of the following?
a. Throat clearing and a raspy voice c. Pronoun reversals
b. Speaking in a monotone d. Being excessively gregarious
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
53. Children with autism are bound by ______.

a. separation anxiety c. ritual
b. psychotic episodes d. fantasy playmates
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
54. Preservation of sameness is an important feature of ______.

a. autism c. ADHD
b. separation anxiety disorder d. Tourette’s syndrome
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
55. Which of the following is true?

a. Autistic children have an unusually well-developed and differentiated self-concept.
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b. Most autistic children show no evidence of intellectual developmental disorder.
c. Autistic children tend to be overly friendly and trusting of others.
d. Because of difficulties in trying to test them, we can only estimate the intellectual ability of most
autistic children.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
56. Peter is unresponsive to most social stimuli. He rarely smiles, talks, or makes eye contact with others. He
seems indifferent to everyone, including his parents. He engages in solitary, ritualistic behaviors such as
constantly flapping his hands. He sometimes goes into sudden tantrums or panics. He also insists on the
same familiar food each day. Peter's disorder is most likely ______.
a. autism c. intellectual developmental disorder
b. childhood schizophrenia d. avoidant disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
57. Billy is two years old and rarely speaks or uses gestures. He does not like to be cuddled by his parents nor
anyone else for that matter. He does not play with his siblings, but prefers to play alone. His play is
repetitious and without emotional expression or imagination. Billy meets the criteria for ______.
b. autism d. childhood disintegrative disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
58. A child who repeatedly bangs his or her head, refuses to interact socially, avoids eye contact, and has
impaired communication has characteristics of ______.
b. childhood disintegrative disorder d. autism
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
59. Early views on autism blamed ______ parents for causing the disorder.
a. overly attached and protective
b. emotionally unstable and hysterical
c. overly demanding and perfectionistic
d. cold and detached
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Conceptual
60. Research has ______ supported the notion that autism in children is caused by cold and detached parents.
a. not c. mostly
b. partly d. completely
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
61. The researcher known for developing a cognitive-learning perspective on autism is ______.
a. Bandura c. Lovaas
b. Kleckley d. Lazarus
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
62. Emmy takes her autistic child to a psychiatrist for an evaluation. The psychiatrist suggests that the child's
autism developed as a result of perceptual deficits. According to this argument, rather than associating
Emmy with food, warmth, and the clothing she provides, her child focuses exclusively on the food and
clothing, and is thus unable to develop normal emotional bonds with Emmy. This psychiatrist is most likely
a ______.
a. psychodynamic theorist c. cognitive-learning theorist
b. humanistic theorist d. biological theorist
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
63. Autistic children often have difficulties integrating information from __________.
a. only the auditory sense
b. their various memories of childhood
c. new learning with old learning
d. his or her various senses
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
64. Currently, scientists' suspicions are focused on ______ as the primary cause of autism.
a. underlying biological abnormalities
b. dysfunctional family relationships
c. impoverished learning environments in early childhood
d. dietary abnormalities in infancy
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
65. Which one of the following statements is true?

a. Children with autism have no known perceptual deficits.
b. Children with autism have difficulty engaging in fine motor skills tasks.
c. Children with autism vary at times from being unduly sensitive to an external situation to being
almost completely insensitive to it
d. Children with autism have very small brain ventricles.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
66. Which of the following is true?

a. The scans of brains of autistic children show an unusually large prefrontal cortex.
b. Researchers suspect that multiple genetic factors are involved in the development of autism.
c. Autism may, in part, be related to exposure to vaccines.
d. Experts are focusing on a single malfunctioning gene variant as the primary cause of most autism
spectrum disorders.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
67. Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of autism?
a. Autism is a curable disorder if it is diagnosed by the age of two.
b. Cognitive therapy has the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism.
c. Behavioral therapy has the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism.
d. Biological approaches have the highest rate of efficacy for treating autism.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
68. Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of autism?
a. Intensive behavioral approaches are the least successful in treating autism.
b. Most autistic people are eventually able to live independently.
c. Ivar Lovaas has designed the only approach to curing autism.
d. Antipsychotic drugs have been helpful in reducing social withdrawal and self-injurious behavior.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
69. Which of the following is true of behavioral approaches to treating children with autism?
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a. They suggest that autism is caused by faulty learning.
b. They suggest that isolation and B vitamin therapy may be helpful in the treatment of autistic
behavior.
c. They sometimes involve the use of ignoring the autistic child as a method to eliminate self-
injurious behaviors.
d. They systematically use rewards and mild punishments to increase the child’s ability to attend to
others.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
70. Lovaas demonstrated significant improve in autistic children using ______.

a. group behavior modification c. cognitive restructuring
b. intense individual behavioral therapy d. modeling
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
71. The UCLA psychologist who developed a successful intensive behavioral treatment program for autistic
children was ______.
a. Leo Kanner c. Eugen Bleuler
b. Ivor Lovaas d. Milton Lambert
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
72. Many aspects of autistic behavior, such as tantrums and self-injurious behavior, can be diminished through
the administration of drugs used to treat ______.
a. narcotics addiction c. psychotic disorders
b. anxiety d. epileptic seizures
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
73. ______ is a disorder formally called mental retardation.

a. Developmental regressive disorders c. Intellectual regressive disorder
b. Developmental learning disorders d. Intellectual developmental disorder
ANSWER: D
Topic: Intellectual Disability
Skill: Factual
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74. A disorder characterized by a generalized delay or impairment in the development of intellectual and
adaptive abilities is ______.
a. autism c. intellectual developmental disorder
b. childhood schizophrenia d. Asperger’s disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
75. Down syndrome occurs in about one in ______ births.

a. 100 c. 800
b. 500 d. 1500
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
76. Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion from the DSM-5 which must be met for a person to be
labeled intellectual developmental disorder?
a. The person must receive an IQ score of 70 or below.
b. The person has broad-ranging limitations or deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive
behaviors.
c. The person must be categorized as a level 10 or a level 12 on the General Deterioration Scale.
d. The person must show evidence of onset of the disorder after the age of 18.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
77. Most children with intellectual developmental disorder fall in the ______ range.
a. mild c. severe
b. moderate d. profound
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
78. About ______ percent of children with intellectual developmental disorder fall in the mild range.
a. 55 c. 75
b. 65 d. 85
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
79. Darcy has intellectual developmental disorder. Most people, however, don't notice it, although she walks,
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talks, and feeds herself more slowly than most children. She needs occasional guidance when under
unusual social or economic stress, but normally she can function on her own. She is capable of reading at a
6th grade level. Her IQ is 67. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described as
______.
a. mild c. severe
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
80. Paige has intellectual developmental disorder. She experienced noticeable delays in her motor
development, especially speech, but she can learn simple communication, elementary health and safety
habits, and simple manual skills. She can perform simple tasks in sheltered conditions and loves to
participate in simple recreational activities. However, she is incapable of self-maintenance. Her IQ is 39
and she is unable to progress in functional reading and arithmetic. The severity of her intellectual
developmental disorder is best described as ______.
a. mild c. severe
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
81. Bonnie has intellectual developmental disorder. She has few communication skills, although she
understands and responds to some speech. She can conform to daily routines and repetitive activities, and
profit from systematic habit training, but needs continuing direction and supervision in a protective
environment. She experienced marked delay in motor development and has an IQ of 34. The severity of her
intellectual developmental disorder is best described as ______.
a. mild c. severe
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
82. Patsy has intellectual developmental disorder. She has minimal capacity for functioning in sensorimotor
areas and needs nursing care. She shows basic emotional responses and responds to skills training in the
use of her legs, hands, and jaw. She walks and has primitive speech capabilities. She is incapable of self-
maintenance and has an IQ of 14. The severity of her intellectual developmental disorder is best described
as ______.
a. mild c. severe
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
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83. Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy can cause ______.
a. Asperger’s Disorder
b. intellectual developmental disorder
c. Tourette’s syndrome
d. ADHD
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
84. Causes of intellectual developmental disorder cited in your text include which of the following?
a. Maternal use of B vitamins during pregnancy
b. Infectious diseases
c. High parental expectations
d. Paternal use of antibiotics during the pregnancy
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
85. A condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair and
characterized by intellectual developmental disorder and various physical anomalies is ______.
a. Down syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome
b. Klinefelter’s syndrome d. Turner’s syndrome
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
86. Of the following, the most common chromosomal abnormality linked to intellectual developmental
disorder is ______.
a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. Down syndrome
b. Turner's syndrome d. Reye’s syndrome
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
87. The most frequently identified cause of intellectual developmental disorder is ______.
a. fetal alcohol syndrome c. prenatal malnutrition
b. Down syndrome d. fragile X syndrome
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
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88. Down syndrome is characterized by an extra chromosome on the ______ pair of chromosomes.
a. 17th c. 21st
th
b. 19 d. 23rd
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
89. Down syndrome can often be traced to ________.

a. a defect in the shape of the uterus
b. a defect in the mother’s egg cell
c. exposure to lead
d. maternal depression
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
90. Milton has a round face, a broad, flat nose, small, downward sloping folds of skin at the inside corners of
his eyes, a protruding tongue, small, squarish hands, and unusually short arms and legs in relation to his
body. He suffers from intellectual developmental disorder and from heart and respiratory problems. He
most likely has ______.
a. Klinefelter’s syndrome c. Down syndrome
b. Phenylketonuria d. Fragile X syndrome
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
91. ______ children with Down syndrome have intellectual developmental disorder.
a. Almost no c. A slight majority of
b. A large minority of d. Nearly all
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
92. Most people with Down syndrome tend to die ______.

a. during childhood c. in young adulthood
b. during adolescence d. in middle age
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
93. The life expectancy of people with Down syndrome is approximately ______ years.
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a. 9 c. 60
b. 29 d. 80
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
94. Which of the following is true of children with Down syndrome?

a. Most cannot learn to read or write.
b. They typically are blind in addition to their intellectual deficit.
c. They have an unusually good auditory memory.
d. They have difficulty expressing their thoughts and needs clearly in speech.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
95. Klinefelter's syndrome is characterized by a(n) ______ chromosomal makeup.

a. XO c. XXX
b. XX d. XXY
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
96. Klinefelter’s syndrome involves an extra ______.

a. X sex chromosome in males c. Y sex chromosome in males
b. X sex chromosome in females d. Y sex chromosome in females
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
97. Klinefelter’s syndrome occurs ______.

a. only in females
b. only in males
c. in equal proportions among males and females
d. twice as frequently in females
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
98. Which of the following is a physical symptom associated with Klinefelter’s syndrome?
a. A wide-based gait
b. Webbing between toes
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c. Excessive muscular development
d. Low sperm count
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
99. Jim never developed appropriate male secondary sexual characteristics. He is often teased by fellow male
classmates for his enlarged breasts and his poor muscular coordination. He also has mild intellectual
developmental disorder and is infertile. Jim is most likely suffering from ______.
a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. phenylketonuria
b. Turner's syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
100.Turner's syndrome is characterized by an ______ chromosomal makeup.

a. X c. XXX
b. XXY d. XYY
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
101.Turner’s syndrome involves a single ______.

a. X sex chromosome in males c. Y sex chromosome in males
b. X sex chromosome in females d. Y sex chromosome in females
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
102.Turner’s syndrome occurs ______.

a. only in females
b. only in males
c. in equal proportions among males and females
d. twice as frequently in males
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
103.Olga is shorter than average. She has mild intellectual developmental disorder with her greatest difficulties
in math and science. Although her external genital development is normal, her ovaries are poorly developed
and she is infertile. She is suffering from ______.
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a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
104.The most common type of genetically inherited intellectual developmental disorder is ______.
b. Turner's syndrome d. Korsakoff’s syndrome
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
105.The second most common form of intellectual developmental disorder is ______.

b. Turner's syndrome d. Down syndrome
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
106.The most common form of intellectual developmental disorder is ______ and the second most common
form is ______.
a. Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome
b. Down syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome
c. Fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome
d. Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
107.Fragile X syndrome is caused by a(n) ______.

a. extra chromosome c. dominant gene
b. mutated gene d. recessive gene
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
108.Fragile X syndrome is the cause of intellectual developmental disorder in one out of every ______ males.
a. 100 to 200 c. 500 to 2,000
b. 1,000 to 1,500 d. 2,000 to 2,500
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ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
109.Fragile X syndrome is the cause of intellectual developmental disorder in one out of every ______ females.
a. 500 to 1,000 c. 1,500 to 2,000
b. 1,000 to 1,500 d. 2,000 to 2,500
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
110.A genetic abnormality transmitted by a recessive gene that prevents an infant from
metabolizing an amino acid found in many foods, resulting in intellectual developmental disorder and
emotional disturbance, is ______.
a. Klinefelter's syndrome c. phenylketonuria
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
111.Phenylketonuria is found in 1 person in ______.

a. 100-150 c. 10,000-15,000
b. 1,000-1,500 d. 100,000-150,000
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
112.Phenylketonuria is caused by ______.

a. an extra chromosome c. a dominant gene
b. a mutated gene d. a recessive gene
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
113.Which of the following is true of PKU?

a. PKU causes damage to the central nervous system.
b. PKU is almost always fatal unless diagnosed immediately after birth.
c. Most children grow out of PKU by adolescence.
d. PKU is not apparent in a child’s urine or blood work until age four or five.
ANSWER: A
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Skill: Factual
114.A prenatal test that can detect Down syndrome is ______.

a. microgenetic factorial analysis c. amniocentesis
b. virtual hysteroscopy d. pregersostopy
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
115.Amniocentesis is usually conducted about ______ weeks following conception.

a. 4 to 5 c. 14 to 15
b. 9 to 10 d. 19 to 20
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
116.Which of the following diseases carries the risk of causing intellectual developmental disorder in an infant
if the mother contracts the disease during pregnancy.
a. otitis media c. hay fever
b. endometriosis d. genital herpes
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
117.Most children who contract ______ from their mothers do so by contact with the virus in the birth canal
during delivery.
a. AIDS c. syphilis
b. rubella d. genital herpes
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
118.Encephalitis and meningitis during infancy can cause ______.

a. ADHD c. Asperger’s disorder
b. Tourette’s syndrome d. intellectual developmental disorder
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
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119.A mild form of intellectual developmental disorder that is influenced by impoverishment of the home
environment is known as ______.
a. Klinefelter’s syndrome c. Turner’s syndrome
b. Down syndrome d. cultural-familial retardation
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
120.Most cases of intellectual developmental disorder fall in the ______ range and have ______ cause.
a. mild; no apparent biological c. mild; a genetic
b. severe to profound; no apparent d. severe to profound; a genetic
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
121.Most cases of intellectual developmental disorder ______.

a. have no apparent biological cause
b. are due to genetic factors
c. are due to chromosomal damage
d. result from prenatal exposure to pathogens or toxins
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
122.In cultural-familial retardation, the cause of the retardation is ______.

a. prenatal drug use by the mother
b. infection and high fever during infancy
c. ingestion of environmental toxins
d. not traceable to any biological source
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
123.Which of the following is true of children with cultural-familial retardation?

a. Their parents do not lack the necessary skills to provide the child with appropriate reading and
communication skills.
b. Their parents often are unable to spend quality time with them to provide the stimulation
necessary for proper social and intellectual growth.
c. Removing the child from the home and increasing protein in the child’s diet seem to be the only
approaches that can treat the intellectual deficit.
d. Even when provided with stimulating books and toys, these children fail to follow a path of
normal intellectual development.
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
124.Children most at risk for developing cultural-familial retardation are children ______.
a. whose parents have intellectual developmental disorder
b. born into poverty
c. born into primitive cultures
d. whose parents are divorced before the child reaches age 5
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
125.______ is a program that has helped children at risk for cultural-familial retardation to function within the
normal range of ability.
a. Head Start c. Precocity
b. Montessori preschool d. NAACP child focus
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
126.Alvin is blind and suffers from autism and intellectual developmental disorder. He can play extremely
complicated musical pieces on the piano, however, after hearing them only once, even though he has no
formal musical training. Alvin is best described as having ______.
a. savant syndrome c. idiopathic autism
b. Wernicke's syndrome d. Stockholm syndrome
ANSWER: A
Topic A Closer Look: The Savant Syndrome
Skill: Applied
127.Fred is a human calendar. Although he has intellectual developmental disorder and cannot add two
numbers correctly, when asked he can correctly calculate the day of the week for virtually any date
named in the past or the future. Fred is best described as having _______.
a. savant syndrome c. idiopathic autism
b. Wernicke's syndrome d. Stockholm syndrome
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
128.Males with savant syndrome outnumber females with the disorder by about ______ to 1.
a. 2 c. 6
b. 4 d. 8
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ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
129.Institutional placement is often based on ______.

a. severity of the intellectual impairment
b. fulfillment of basic necessities such as eating, and personal hygiene
c. control of destructive or aggressive behavior
d. physical disabilities like blindness or paralysis
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
130.Which of the following is true of mainstreaming children with intellectual developmental disorder?
a. Even children with mild retardation are overwhelmed by the demands of regular classes and
usually withdraw from their classmates when mainstreamed.
b. While some children with mild intellectual developmental disorder achieve better when
mainstreamed, others may be overwhelmed and withdraw from their schoolmates.
c. Children with both mild and moderate retardation achieve better when mainstreamed, however,
those with severe and profound retardation do not.
d. Even children with severe intellectual developmental disorder achieve better when mainstreamed
when they are given proper guidance and supervision.
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
131.Nationwide, the population of institutions for people with intellectual developmental disorder ______ from
the 1970s to the 1990s.
a. shrunk by nearly two-thirds c. increased by nearly one-third
b. remained relatively stable d. increased by nearly two-thirds
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
132.Children with intellectual developmental disorder have a _______ chance as other children of developing
other psychological disorders such as depression or anxiety disorders.
a. significantly lower c. higher
b. somewhat lower d. comparable
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
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133.A deficiency in a specific learning ability in the context of normal intelligence that is not due to a general
medical condition is a(n) ______.
a. learning disorder c. intellectual disorder
b. savant disorder d. attention-deficit disorder
ANSWER: A
Topic: Learning Disorders
Skill: Factual
134.Nelson Rockefeller suffered from ______.

a. savant syndrome c. attention-deficit disorder
b. dyslexia d. aphasia
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
135.Which U.S. vice president suffered from dyslexia?

a. Dan Quayle c. Dick Cheney
b. Richard Nixon d. Nelson Rockefeller
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
136.The most common type of learning disorder is ______.

a. mathematics disorder c. dyslexia
b. disorder of written expression d. articulation disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
137.Which of the following countries/spoken languages have the highest rates of dyslexia?
a. German and Russian speaking countries
b. Spanish speaking countries
c. Italian speaking countries
d. English and French speaking countries
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
138.Dyslexia refers to ______.

a. a mathematics disorder c. a disorder of written expression
b. an articulation disorder d. a reading disorder
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ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
139.The most common type of learning disorder is ______.

a. mathematics disorder c. reading disorder
b. disorder of written expression d. articulation disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
140.Which of the following are types of learning disorders?

a. Physical expression disorder c. Articulation disorder
b. Disorder of written expression d. Attention-deficit disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
141.Which of the following is true of children with learning disorders?

a. Learning disabilities are specific to childhood and resolve by adolescence.
b. Children with learning disorders are often viewed more suitable for athletics than academics.
c. Most children with learning disorders have low self-esteem.
d. Children with learning disorders are less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
142.The DSM-5 no longer uses the term _________ to describe a learning disorder characterized by impaired
reading ability.
a. savant disorder c. attention-deficit disorder
b. dyslexia d. amnesiac disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
143.Children with learning disorders are more likely than their peers to be diagnosed with _____.
a. autism c. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
b. conduct disorder d. oppositional defiant disorder
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
144.Howard is in the third grade. He is deficient in arithmetic skills and in understanding basic mathematical
concepts such as addition and subtraction. He constantly confuses mathematical symbols (+, -, =) and does
not understand the multiplication tables. He is suffering from ______.
a. mathematics disorder c. disorder of written expression
b. articulation disorder d. reading disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
145.Paul has deficient writing skills. His writing is characterized by numerous errors in spelling, punctuation,
grammar, and difficulty in composing sentences and paragraphs. Although he is only 9 years old, he is
already far behind his classmates in his writing skills. He is suffering from ______.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
146.Dyslexia affects ______ percent of school-age children in the United States.

a. less than 1 c. about 10
b. about 4 d. over 16
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
147.Compared to girls, boys are ______ likely to be diagnosed with dyslexia.

a. much less c. slightly more
b. just as d. much more
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
148.Which of the following statements is true of children with learning disorders?

a. More girls are diagnosed with dyslexia.
b. Girls tend to only experience mathematics disorder.
c. Boys with dyslexia are more likely than girls to be disruptive in class.
d. Girls are more likely to be referred for evaluation of dyslexia.
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
149.Compared to girls, boys with dyslexia are ______ likely to be disruptive in class and are _______ likely to
be referred for evaluation.
a. less; less c. more; less
b. less; more d. more; more
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
150.Abe has poorly developed skills in recognizing words and comprehending written text. He reads
laboriously and distorts, omits, and substitutes words when reading aloud. He also has trouble decoding
letters, perceiving a "w" as an "m" or an "L" as a "J." He is only 8 years old and his reading skills are far
behind those of his classmates. He is suffering from ______.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
151.Dyslexia is usually apparent by the age of ______.

a. four c. six
b. five d. seven
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
152.As compared to rates of dyslexia in English and French-speaking regions, rates of dyslexia are lower in
______-speaking regions.
a. Portuguese c. Italian
b. German d. Chinese
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
153.Which of the following is true of children with learning disorders?

a. Many children with learning disorders are good athletes.
b. Many of them have problems processing sounds corresponding to particular letters.
c. Few children with learning disorders have trouble distinguishing speech sounds.
d. Many of them find that their disabilities improve or disappear as they mature into adolescence and
adulthood.
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ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
154.Children with dyslexia lack as much neural activity in the speech centers in the ______ of the brain.
a. frontal precortex c. left hemisphere
b. right temporal lobe d. occipital lobe
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
155.Scientists have speculated that dyslexia may take ______ general forms.
a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
156.The form of dyslexia that involves defects in the neural circuitry of the brain that normal readers use to
process speech sounds is the ______ form.
a. pathogenic c. environmental
b. tertiary d. genetic
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
157.The form of dyslexia in which people’s neural circuitry is intact but they rely more on memory than on
decoding strategies to understand written words is the ______ form.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
158.The form of dyslexia that is associated with more persistent reading disability and is more prevalent in
children from disadvantaged educational backgrounds is ______.
ANSWER: C
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Skill: Factual
159.Which factor is associated with more persistent reading disability?

a. Reliance on decoding strategies to understand written words
b. Reliance on memory to understand written words
c. Right hemisphere defects in neural circuitry
d. Genetics
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
160.Disorders that involve difficulty in understanding or using language are called ______ disorders.
a. semantic c. phonetic
b. learning d. communication
ANSWER: D
Topic: Communication Disorders
Skill: Factual
161.Which of the following is a communication disorder?

a. Written expression disorder c. Language disorder
b. Childhood onset reading disorder d. Translation disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
162.Gary has difficulty in both understanding and producing speech. He has difficulty in understanding certain
types of words, such as words dealing with quantities or spatial characteristics, and he has trouble
understanding sentences. His difficulties understanding language make it difficult for him to express
himself appropriately. He is suffering from ______.
a. dyslexia
b. language disorder
c. speech sound disorder
d. childhood onset fluency disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Applied
163.Guillermo has severe impairments in spoken language. He has had slow vocabulary development, he has
difficulty recalling words, he makes errors in tense, and has problems producing sentences of appropriate
length and complexity for his age. He also has some phonological and articulation problems which
compound his speech difficulties. He is suffering from ______.
a. language disorder
b. dyslexia
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ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
164.Which of the following is a communication disorder?

a. Speech sound disorder
b. Dyslexia
c. Auditory delay disorder
d. Language translation disorder
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
165.Although Anthony has no neurological impairment or defects in his speech mechanism, he mispronounces
certain sounds—especially "ch," "f," "l," "sh," and "th." He often sounds as if he is uttering "baby talk." He
is in therapy, which seems to be helping, and his doctors hope that his problems will be conquered within
two years, when he will be eight years old. He is suffering from ______.
b. mixed receptive/ language disorder
ANSWER: C
Skill: Applied
166.Which of the following is true of speech sound disorder?

a. Milder cases usually resolve themselves in childhood.
b. Milder cases usually resolve themselves, but not until late adolescence or early adulthood.
c. Even milder cases will not resolve themselves without extensive training and skills development
exercises.
d. Even milder cases are almost never completely "cured," even with extensive training and skills
development exercises.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
167.Persistent stuttering, which is characterized by impaired fluency of speech, is classified in DSM-5 as a type
of communication disorder called ________________.
a. stuttering c. language disorder
b. speech sound disorder d. childhood-onset fluency disorder
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
168.Childhood onset fluency disorder usually begins between ______ years of age.
a. 2 and 7 c. 12 and 17
b. 7 and 12 d. 17 and 22
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
169.Larry, age 5, suffers from an inability to speak fluently with appropriate timing of speech sounds. His
speech is characterized by repetition of certain sounds and syllables, prolongation of certain sounds, and
displaying excess tension when emitting words. He is suffering from ______.
b. mixed receptive/ language disorder
ANSWER: D
Skill: Applied
170.Which of the following is true of childhood onset fluency disorder?

a. The majority of cases resolve during adolescence.
b. The majority of cases resolve, but not until adulthood.
c. The majority of cases can only be cured with extensive speech rehabilitation training.
d. The majority of cases are never "cured."
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
171.Males are ______ as likely as females to stutter.

a. one-third c. three times
b. just d. nine times
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
172.About ______ percent of those who stutter overcome the problem without treatment.
a. 20 c. 60
b. 40 d. 80
ANSWER: D
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Skill: Factual
173.Which of the following is true of those who stutter?

a. Children who stutter tend to be more even-tempered than nonstutterers.
b. Childhood onset fluency disorder affects most children before puberty to some degree.
c. Few stutterers also have problems with social anxiety.
d. Scientists have discovered a mutation on a particular gene linked to persistent stuttering.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
174.Children who have continuing and profound difficulties communicating verbally and nonverbally with
other people in their natural contexts would be diagnosed as having _____________.
a. childhood onset fluency disorder
b. social (pragmatic) communication disorder
d. language disorder
ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
175.A behavior disorder characterized by impulsivity, excessive motor activity, and inability to focus one’s
attention is known as ______.
a. conduct disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder
b. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder d. sensorimotor disorder
ANSWER: B
Topic: Behavior Problems: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
176.Which of the following is one of the three major problems involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder?
a. Lethargy c. Intentionally aggressive behavior
b. Impulsivity d. Compulsive rituals
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
177.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder occurs in about ______ percent of children and adolescents.
a. 10 c. 19
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b. 13 d. 25
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
178.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is usually first diagnosed in ______.

a. infancy c. elementary school
b. preschool d. middle school
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
179.Todd is six years old. His behavior is characterized by inattention, bullying, temper tantrums, stubbornness,
and fidgeting. He is easily distracted, fails to finish anything he starts, often acts impulsively, and requires
constant supervision. He is constantly on the go, running and climbing on things, and he cannot wait his
turn in games or lines. He is suffering from ______ disorder.
a. obsessive-compulsive c. conduct
b. oppositional defiant d. attention-deficit/hyperactivity
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Applied
180.Which of the following children is most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD?

a. An African American boy c. A Euro-American boy
b. A Hispanic American girl d. An African American girl
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
181.Boys with ADHD tend to ______________________.

a. lack empathy, or awareness of other people’s feelings
b. be more emotionally affected by the sadness of others
c. tend to have a strength in working memory
d. are typically goal-directed in their hyperactivity
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
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Skill: Factual
182.To be diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, the disorder must begin by age ______.
a. 4 c. 6
b. 5 d. 12
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
183.Which of the following is true?

a. Children with ADHD exhibit no problems with working memory.
b. Normally overactive children are goal-directed and can exert voluntary control over their
behavior, whereas children with ADHD cannot exert voluntary control over their behaviors.
c. Black and Hispanic children are more likely to receive the diagnosis than Euro-American children.
d. There is really no qualitative difference between highly active “normal” children and highly active
children labeled with ADHD.
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
184.Symptoms of ADHD tend to ______.

a. disappear by late adolescence and early adulthood
b. decline with age, but often persist in milder forms into adulthood
c. remain about the same well into adulthood and middle age
d. increase in severity until young adulthood, when they finally begin to subside
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
185.______ percent of U.S. adults are affected with ADHD at some point in their lives.
a. Less than 1 c. About 10 to 12
b. About 4 d. Over 16
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
186.Adult forms of ADHD primarily involve______.

a. hyperactivity and distractibility, but not inattention
b. hyperactivity and inattention, but not distractibility
c. inattention and distractibility, but not hyperactivity
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d. hyperactivity, distractibility, and inattention
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
187.Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been linked to the development of _______ in children.
a. intellectual developmental disorder
b. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
c. savant syndrome
d. autism
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
188.Identify the area of the brain responsible for inhibiting impulsive behavior and maintaining self-control.
a. Reticular formation c. Hippocampus
b. Prefrontal cortex d. Left hemisphere
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
189.The most common treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is ______.

a. psychodynamic c. surgical
b. behavioral d. pharmacological
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
190.The drugs of choice in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are ______.

a. stimulants c. mild tranquilizers
b. opiates d. major tranquilizers
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
191.Stimulant drugs used to treat ADHD activate the ______ of the brain to increase control over impulsive
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acting out behavior.
a. limbic system c. prefrontal cortex
b. brain stem region d. cingulate gyrus
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
192.Stimulants used in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have been shown to do which of the
following?
a. Increase academic achievement c. Decrease impulsivity
b. Increase positive mood d. Improve ability to make friends
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
193.Which of the following can be a short-term side effect of using stimulant medications to treat attention-
deficit hyperactivity disorder?
a. Accelerated growth c. Insomnia
b. Weight gain d. Memory loss
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
194.______ is the first nonstimulant medication to be approved for the treatment of ADHD.
a. Strattera c. Zoloft
b. Cylert d. Xanax
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
195.A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by disruptive, antisocial behavior is
known as ______.
a. attention-deficit disorder c. conduct disorder
b. oppositional defiant disorder d. dyslexia
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
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Skill: Factual
196.Children with ______ are literally incapable of controlling their behavior and children with ______
purposefully violate social norms and the rights of others.
a. conduct disorder; ADHD c. ADHD; ADHD
b. ADHD; conduct disorder d. conduct disorder; conduct disorder
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
197.Children with ______ are intentionally aggressive and children with ______ throw temper tantrums.
a. conduct disorder; ADHD c. ADHD; ADHD
b. ADHD; conduct disorder d. conduct disorder; conduct disorder
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
198.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Children with ADHD intentionally throw temper tantrums while children with a conduct disorder
cannot help themselves from being aggressive.
b. Children with conduct disorder throw temper tantrums while children with ADHD cannot help
themselves from being aggressive and cruel toward others.
c. Children with ADHD seem incapable of controlling their behaviors while children with a conduct
disorder intentionally violate the rights of others.
d. Children with a conduct disorder seem incapable of controlling their behavior while children with
ADHD intentionally violate the rights of others.
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
199.Harry is nine years old. He cheats in school, steals from his neighbors and classmates, and destroys his
classmates' prized possessions when he cannot steal them. He is already using drugs and lies about his drug
use and other antisocial activities. He has run away from home twice and he tried to burn down his family's
house the first time he was returned home after running away. He has even been caught trying to mutilate
the family cat. He appears to feel no guilt or remorse over his behavior. He is suffering from ______
disorder.
a. antisocial personality c. conduct
b. oppositional defiant d. attention-deficit hyperactivity
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
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Skill: Applied
200.Conduct disorder affects ______ percent of children overall.

a. less than 1 c. about 18.5
b. about 9.5 d. about 27.5
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
201.Boys with conduct disorder are more likely than girls with conduct disorder to engage in which of the
following?
a. Prostitution c. Running away
b. Stealing d. Crying
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
202.Girls with conduct disorder are more likely than boys with conduct disorder to engage in which of the
following?
a. Stealing c. Truancy
b. Vandalism d. Fighting
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
203.The average age of onset for conduct disorder is about ______ years.
a. 3.6 c. 11.6
b. 7.6 d. 15.6
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
204.A psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive tendencies to refuse
requests from parents and others is known as a(n) ______ disorder.
a. attention-deficit hyperactivity c. conduct
b. childhood disintegrative d. oppositional defiant
ANSWER: D
1037
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
205.Oppositional defiant disorder may be a precursor of ______ disorder.

a. separation anxiety c. conduct
b. obsessive-compulsive d. attention-deficit hyperactivity
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
206.Oppositional defiant disorder typically begins before age ______.

a. 2 c. 6
b. 4 d. 8
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
207.Alex is nine years old. He has a poor self-image and is often involved in disruptive behavior at home or in
school. Typically, his behavior involves not following rules or doing what he is told. Interestingly, he
almost never engages in behavior that hurts others or violates their rights. He just seems to have a difficult
time accepting authority and developing positive relationships with those around him. He is suffering from
______ disorder.
a. obsessive-compulsive c. conduct
b. oppositional defiant d. attention-deficit hyperactivity
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Applied
208.Oppositional defiant disorder is ______ common among boys than girls before the age of 12. It is ______
common among boys than girls after age 12.
a. less; less c. less; more
b. more; less d. more; more
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
209.Compared to conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder tends to be ______ and begins ______.
a. milder; earlier c. more severe; earlier
b. milder; later d. more severe; later
1038
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
210.Oppositional defiant disorder typically starts in the __________ environment but may extend to other
settings, such as ________.
a. school; home
b. daycare setting; home
c. home; the child’s fantasy play
d. home; school
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
211.Many theorists believe that oppositional defiant disorder stems from being born with _____ temperament.
a. an easy c. a slow to warm
b. a compliant d. a difficult
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
212.Which of the following parenting behaviors can contribute to a child developing oppositional behaviors?
a. Allowing the child to always voice his or her opinion
b. Giving in when the child refuses to comply with parental wishes
c. Maintaining firm limits with the child
d. Expecting academic excellence from the child
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
213.Psychodynamic theorists look at oppositional defiant disorder as a sign of fixation at the ______ stage of
development.
a. oral c. phallic
b. anal d. genital
ANSWER: B
Conduct Disorder
1039
Skill: Conceptual
214.Learning theorists view oppositional defiant disorder as arising from ______.

a. excessive use of punishment c. inappropriate reinforcement strategies
b. use of aversive conditioning d. the use of unconditional positive regard
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
215.Which of the following is involved in the development of conduct disorder in children?

a. Having parents who work long hours c. Parental marital conflict
b. Growing up in a low income home d. Overprotective parental monitoring
ANSWER: C
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
216.Evidence shows that early experiences of physical abuse and harsh parenting increase the risk of CD, but
only in children with ____________.
a. a co-occurring disorder such as ADHD
b. a parent with a drug or alcohol problem
c. no father in the home environment
d. a certain genetic profile
ANSWER: D
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
217.For treating younger children with oppositional defiant disorder, ______ must usually be changed through
behavior modification techniques.
a. parental behavior c. stealing
b. tantrums d. television show choices
ANSWER: A
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
218.A childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separation from parents or other caretakers is known
as ______.
a. conduct disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder
b. separation anxiety disorder d. depressive disorder
ANSWER: B
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Topic Childhood Anxiety and Depression
Skill: Factual
219.Marcy is six years old. She dreads going to first grade because she worries all day that her parents are going
to die while she is at school. She often worries so much that she develops nausea. At home, she clings to
her parents, following them everywhere. She is deeply concerned about death and dying and wants her
mommy to stay with her when she goes to sleep. She is suffering from ______ disorder.
a. separation anxiety c. overanxious
b. generalized anxiety d. conduct
ANSWER: A
Skill: Applied
220.Ainsworth found that separation anxiety normally begins ______.

a. during the first year of life c. between the ages of 4 and 5
b. between the ages of 2 and 3 d. between the ages of 6 and 7
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
221.School phobia is the traditional name for what we now call ______.
a. separation anxiety c. overanxious disorder
b. avoidant disorder d. generalized anxiety
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
222.Separation anxiety disorder affects approximately ______ of children.

a. 1% c. 10%
b. 5% d. 15%
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
223.In most cases, ______ disorder develops after a life stress such as illness, a change in home address or
school attended, or death of a family member or a pet.
a. separation anxiety c. overanxious
b. phobic d. attention-deficit hyperactivity
ANSWER: A
1041
Skill: Factual
224.According to psychoanalytic theorists, childhood anxieties are the result of ______.

a. generalized fears of rejection c. unconscious conflicts
b. negative self-talk d. a genetic predisposition
ANSWER: C
Skill: Conceptual
225.According to cognitive theorists, childhood anxieties are the result of ______.

ANSWER: B
Skill: Conceptual
226.According to learning theorists, childhood anxieties are the result of ______.

ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
227.Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
is true?
a. Strattera is an effective treatment.
b. Flooding the child with the phobic stimuli and implementing response prevention are effective
treatments.
c. Teaching the child to replace anxious self-talk with coping self-talk is effective treatment.
d. Exploring repressed memories and becoming conscious of childhood fixations is effective
treatment.
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
228.Major depression is ______ among preschoolers.

a. nonexistent c. fairly common
b. rare d. extremely common
ANSWER: B
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Skill: Factual
229.Major depression is diagnosed ______ often in girls than boys in childhood.

a. more c. less
b. half as d. equally
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
230.A distinctive feature of childhood depression includes which of the following?

a. Avoiding parents c. Hypersomnia
b. Wanting to spend time exclusively with peers d. Fear of parents’ dying
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
231.Children often do not know they are feeling depressed, in part because they are not usually capable of
recognizing their internal feeling states until about the age of ______.
a. 5 c. 9
b. 7 d. 11
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
232.Approximately ______ percent of children aged 5 to 13 years of age are depressed.

a. 1 c. 5
b. 0 d. 10
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
233.Which of the following is a cognitive distortion common to children suffering from depression?
a. Feeling that they are not being rewarded enough for their accomplishments
b. Feeling angry and resentful over sibling needs
c. Blaming others for negative outcomes, even when it is unwarranted
d. Selectively attending to the negative features of an event
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
234.Researchers found that depressed students in Hong Kong and Europe ______.
1043
a. readily blamed others for problems
b. spent too much time watching television
c. blew failures and problems out of proportion
d. engaged in shoplifting or drug use prior to becoming depressed
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
235.Among adolescent girls, those who develop _____ coping style are at greatest risk for developing
depression.
a. a passive, ruminative c. a passive, denial-based
b. an active, avoidant d. an active, direct
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
236.Accumulating evidence supports the use of ______ therapy in treating depression in childhood and
adolescence.
a. psychodynamic c. Gestalt
b. cognitive-behavioral d. humanistic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
237.Critics contend that we are overusing psychiatric drugs on children, particularly ______.
a. Ritalin c. Strattera
b. Zoloft d. Prozac
ANSWER: A
Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: Are We Overmedicating Our Kids?
Skill: Factual
238.Critics contend that overuse of ______ can cause sleeplessness and weight loss in children.
a. Zoloft c. lithium
b. Prozac d. Ritalin
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
239.Warnings issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reveal a small increased risk of suicidal
symptoms in youths and young adults under the age of ______ when treated with ____________.
a. 25; stimulant medication
1044
b. 15; antidepressant medication
c. 18; antipsychotic medication
d. 25; antidepressant medication
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
240.Youths and young adults treated with antidepressant medications show a ______ risk of suicidal symptoms.
a. large decreased c. slight increased
b. slight decreased d. large increased
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
241.It is generally agreed by experts that ______ is the treatment of choice for psychological problems in
children and adolescents.
a. drug therapy
b. psychotherapy
c a combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy
d. no existing form of therapy
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
242.Suicide is ______ among younger children and younger adolescents.

a. virtually nonexistent c. fairly common
b. rare d. an epidemic
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
243.Young people in ______ are at greatest risk for committing suicide.

a. early childhood c. early adolescence
b. late childhood d. late adolescence
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
244.Girls are ______ as likely as boys to attempt suicide.

a. half c. twice
b. just d. three times
1045
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
245.Compared to boys, girls are ______ likely to attempt suicide and are ______ likely to successfully
complete the attempt.
a. less; less c. less; more
b. more; less d. more; more
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
246.Adolescents living in the ______ have the highest suicide rate in the United States.
a. urban east-coast regions c. urban Pacific-coast regions
b. rural Appalachian regions d. rural western regions
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
247.Which of the following youths is at highest risk of committing suicide?

a. A non-Hispanic White c. An Asian American
b. An African American d. A Hispanic American
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
248.Which of the following youths is at highest risk of committing suicide?

a. A Native American c. An Asian American
b. An African American d. A Hispanic American
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
249.About ______ percent of adolescents who attempt suicide have done so previously.
a. 10 c. 50
b. 25 d. 75
ANSWER: B
1046
Skill: Factual
250.About ______ percent of adolescents who take their lives have previously talked about doing so.
a. 20 c. 60
b. 40 d. 80
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
251.Which of the following is true about adolescent suicide?

a. Adolescent suicides rarely occur in clusters.
b. Many suicides among young people are related to what is popular in the media.
c. Adolescents who commit suicide rarely talk about it ahead of time.
d. Adolescent suicide is linked to prior sexual abuse.
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
252.In previous decades, children with _________ disorder have been misdiagnosed as having ADHD or ODD.
a. bipolar c. schizoaffective
b. major depressive disorder d. dysthymia
ANSWER: A
Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: The Bipolar Kid
Skill: Factual
253.A 2003 survey showed that as many as _____ of children and adolescents in the United States received a
bipolar disorder diagnosis, a rate that had jumped fortyfold during the past 10 years.
a. 1% c. 10%
b. 5% d. 15%
ANSWER: A
Topic: Controversies in Abnormal Psychology: The Bipolar Kid
Skill: Factual
254.Fetuses and newborn infants eliminate waste products ______.

a. instinctively c. coherently
b. reflexively d. willfully
ANSWER: B
Level of Difficulty (1-3):1 Page: 529
Topic Elimination Disorders
Skill: Factual
255.Enuresis and encopresis are disorders involving problems with elimination that are not due to ______
1047
causes.
a. organic c. psychosexual
b. psychosocial d. genetic
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
256.Failure to achieve control over urination beyond the "normal" age for attaining bladder control which
cannot be explained by physical causes is called ______.
a. general paresis c. enuresis
b. encopresis d. nocturnal enuresis
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
257.The most common type of enuresis is ______.

a. daytime accidents in boys c. bedwetting in boys
b. daytime accidents in girls d. bedwetting in girls
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
258.The DSM-5 restricts the diagnosis of enuresis to children whose chronological age is at least ______, or
who have achieved an equivalent level of development.
a. 1 c. 5
b. 3 d. 7
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
259.Bedwetting usually occurs in ______ sleep.

a. early c. restless
b. light d. the deepest stage of
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
260.According to psychodynamic theorists, enuresis occurs most commonly in children for which of the
following reasons?
a. Enuresis represents hostility toward their parents because of harsh toilet training.
b. The child just gained a baby brother or sister.
1048
c. The child is struggling with the Oedipal Complex.
d. Enuresis results from an immature nervous system and the child’s inability to recognize bladder
tension.
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
261.According to learning theorists, enuresis occurs most commonly in children ______.

a. whose parents attempted to train them early
b. who just gained a baby brother or sister
c. whose parents are divorcing
d. who have deep-seated hostility toward their parents
ANSWER: A
Skill: Conceptual
262.The disorder that characterizes children who have persistent bedwetting and have never established urinary
control is ______.
a. primary enuresis c. primary encopresis
b. secondary enuresis d. secondary encopresis
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
263.The disorder that characterizes children who have developed bedwetting problems after they have
established urinary control is ______.
a. primary enuresis c. primary encopresis
b. secondary enuresis d. secondary encopresis
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
264.Evidence indicates that genetic factors are involved in the development of ______.
a. neither primary nor secondary enuresis
b. primary but not secondary enuresis
c. secondary but not primary enuresis
d. both primary and secondary enuresis
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
1049
265.The course of enuresis typically ______.
a. resolves itself as the child matures
b. requires medication to correct the child’s immature nervous system
c. becomes worse as the child matures
d. requires psychotherapy to correct the child’s underlying anxieties
ANSWER: A
Skill: Factual
266.The urine alarm method of treating bedwetting relies on principles of ______.

a. cognitive restructuring c. operant conditioning
b. response prevention d. classical conditioning
ANSWER: D
Skill: Conceptual
267.The urine alarm method approach was introduced by psychologist ______.

a. Leo Kanner c. O. Hobart Mowrer
b. Hans Selye d. Ivor Lovaas
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
268.Research into the treatment of enuresis has found that ______.

a. neither psychological nor pharmacological treatments are effective
b. psychological treatments are generally more effective than pharmacological treatments
c. pharmacological treatments are generally more effective than psychological treatments
d. both psychological and pharmacological treatments are equally effective
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
269.Research indicates that compared to drug treatments, the urine alarm method for treating enuresis has the
______ success rate and the ______ relapse rate.
a. lowest; lowest c. highest; lowest
b. lowest; highest d. highest; highest
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
270.Lack of control over bowel movements that is not due to a physical disorder in a child is called ______.
1050
a. general paresis c. enuresis
b. encopresis d. nocturnal enuresis
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
271.The DSM-5 restricts the diagnosis of encopresis to children of age ______ or those who have achieved
equivalent development, or older.
a. 2 c. 6
b. 4 d. 8
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
272.Bedwetting is more common among ______, and soiling is more common among ______.
a. girls; girls c. girls; boys
b. boys; girls d. boys; boys
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
273.Bedwetting is most likely to happen during the ______, and soiling is most likely to happen during the
______.
a. day; day c. day; night
b. night; day d. night; night
ANSWER: B
Skill: Factual
274.Soiling may be best helped through ______ principles.

a. Gestalt c. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning d. aversive conditioning
ANSWER: C
Skill: Factual
275.Soiling often appears to follow ______.

a. overeating
b. oversleeping
c. situational stress
d. harsh punishment for previous "accidents"
1051
ANSWER: D
Skill: Factual
True-False Questions
276.Many behavior patterns that are normal for children would be considered abnormal among adults.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
277.The DSM-5 describes neurodevelopmental disorders as disorders involving an impairment of brain

functioning or development that affects the child’s psychological, cognitive, social, or emotional
development.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
278.Cultural factors help determine whether people view a child's behavior as normal or abnormal.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
279.Girls are at greater risk for developing many childhood disorders, ranging from autism to hyperactivity to
elimination disorders.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
280.In adolescence, anxiety and mood disorders become more common in girls and remain so throughout
adulthood.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
281.Asperger Syndrome has been given a separate diagnostic category from autism spectrum disorders in the
DSM-5.
1052
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
282.Scientists have found no consistent link between vaccinations such as the MMR vaccine and autism.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
283.Autism is more common among girls than among boys.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
284.Investigators have found an increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children of older fathers.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
285.Investigators linked increased risk of both autism and schizophrenia in children with older mothers.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
286.Children with autism are often described by their parents as having been “good babies” early in infancy.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
287.Autistic children are not bound by ritual and resist parents attempting to provide preservation of sameness.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
288.As measured by scores on standardized tests, most autistic children lag well below the norm in intellectual
1053
development.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
289.The major cause of autism appears to be parents who are cold, distant, and rejecting toward their child.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
290.Biological theorists suspect that autism results from some form of brain abnormality.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
291.Ivar Lovaas has suggested that children with autism have perceptual deficits that limit them to processing
only one stimulus at a time.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
292.New drug treatments appear to foster cognitive and language development among autistic children.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
293.The highest functioning adults with autism exhibit normal communication and social skills and a wide
range of interests.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
294.People with severe intellectual developmental disorder outnumber those with mild intellectual
developmental disorder.
ANSWER: F
1054
Skill: Factual
295.About 11% of the general population is affected by intellectual disability.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
296.About 85% of children with intellectual disability fall into the mild range.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
297.The cause of Down syndrome remains unknown.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
298.Most children with Down syndrome learn to read, write, and perform arithmetic.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
299.Klinefelter's syndrome occurs only among males.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
300.Estimates of the prevalence of Klinefelter’s syndrome are about 20 cases per 1,000 male births.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
301.Turner's syndrome occurs only among males.
ANSWER: F
1055
Skill: Factual
302.Turner's syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single Y chromosome instead of the normal XY
pairing of chromosomes.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
303.Fragile X syndrome is the most common type of inherited intellectual developmental disorder.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
304.Fragile X syndrome usually has a more profound effect upon males than upon females.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
305.Fragile X syndrome can be treated through genetic surgery.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
306.Fragile X syndrome affects about one out of 1,000 to 1,500 males.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
307.Fragile X syndrome affects about one out of 2,000 to 2,500 females.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
308.A genetic test can detect the defect that causes Fragile X syndrome.
ANSWER: T
1056
Skill: Factual
309.PKU is a fatal genetic disorder.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
310.Fetal alcohol syndrome can cause intellectual developmental disorder.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
311.Most cases of mild intellectual developmental disorder have a clear biological cause.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
312.Most people with savant syndrome are male.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
313.Some people can recall verbatim every story they read in a newspaper.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
314.The Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act, which Congress passed in 1975,
provided that people with mental retardation (now labeled ID) have the right to receive appropriate
treatment in the least-restrictive treatment setting.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
315.Adults with mild intellectual developmental disorder often work in outside jobs and live in their own
apartments.
1057
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
316.Deinstitutionalization of people with intellectual developmental disorder has largely resulted in massive
social problems and swelled the ranks of America's homeless population.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
317.Children with intellectual developmental disorder are at a high risk of developing anxiety and depression.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
318.The emotional life of people with intellectual disability has received tremendous attention in the literature.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
319.People with intellectual disability are immune from psychological problems.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
320.Intellectual developmental disorder is a type of learning disorder.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
321.Learning disorders are typically chronic disorders that affect development well into adulthood.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
1058
322.Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disorder accounting for perhaps 80% of cases.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
323.Dyslexia affects about 4% of school-age children and is much more common in girls than boys.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
324.Childhood onset fluency disorder occurs in males more than females.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
325.In the case of stuttering, genetic factors do not appear play an important role.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
326.Stuttering usually begins between 2 and 7 years of age.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
327.Treatment of communication disorders is generally best approached with antipsychotic and antidepressant
medications.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
328.Black and Hispanic children are less likely to receive the diagnosis of ADHD than Euro-American
children.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
1059
Skill: Factual
329.ADHD is diagnosed nearly five times as often in boys as in girls.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
330.Normal children can sit still and concentrate for a while if they want to, but children with ADHD cannot.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
331.The disorder is usually first diagnosed during preschool, at an average age of three.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
332.Children with ADHD tend to have problems with working memory.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
333.Children with ADHD tend to be below average in intelligence.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
334.Maternal smoking during pregnancy may put some children at increased risk of attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
1060
Skill: Factual
335.Stimulants calm many hyperactive children.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
336.Children who are hyperactive are often given central nervous system depressants to help calm them down.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
337.The first nonstimulant drug approved for use in treating ADHD was Strattera.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
338.One of the benefits of ADHD medication is that they teach new skills to the child.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
339.Children with conduct disorder show nearly identical behavior patterns as children with ADHD.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
340.Conduct disorders are more common among boys than girls.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
1061
341.Conduct disorders tend to be episodic and unstable.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
342.Conduct disorder is a surprisingly common problem, affecting about 22% of males and 17% of females.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
343.Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the rarest diagnoses among children.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
344.Oppositional defiant disorder is estimated to affect from 1% to 11% of children and adolescents.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
345.Aggressive children assume that others intend them ill when they do not.
ANSWER: T
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
346.Psychodynamic theorists look at oppositional defiant disorder as a sign of fixation at the oral stage of
psychosexual development.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
347.Ironically, conduct-disordered children are rarely demanding and most often compliant with their parents
1062
and other family members.
ANSWER: F
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
348.Anxieties and fears are a normal feature of childhood.
ANSWER: T
Topic: Childhood Anxiety and Depression
Skill: Factual
349.It is normal for children to show anxiety when they are separated from their caregivers.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
350.Some children refuse to go to school because they believe terrible things may happen to their parents while
they're away.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
351.Separation anxiety is found most frequently in boys.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
352.Separation anxiety disorder affects an estimated 4% to 5% of children.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
353.Depression is common among children and adolescents.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
354.Major depression affects about 5% of children aged 5 to 12.9 years and upward of 20% of adolescents from
13 to 17.9 years of age.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
355.Difficulties at school, problem behaviors, and physical complaints may actually be signs of depression in
children.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
356.Major depression has been found among preschoolers.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
357.Childhood depression rarely occurs by itself..
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
358.Many depressed children neither report nor are aware of feelings of depression.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
359.Among adolescents, aggressive and sexual acting out may be signs of underlying depression.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
360.Researchers have discovered that distorted thinking causes childhood depression.
ANSWER: F
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Skill: Factual
361.In one study, 75% of depressed youths treated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy no longer showed signs
of depression by the end of treatment (Weisz et al., 2009).
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
362.Suicide is relatively uncommon among younger children.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
363.Suicide is unfortunately quite common among young teens around the time of puberty.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
364.Adolescents who talk about suicide are only venting their feelings and do not really intend to kill
themselves.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
365.Children and adolescents who have survived suicide attempts are unlikely to try it again.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
366.Among young people overall in the 15- to 24-year-old age group, suicide is the third most common cause
of death, after accidents and homicides.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
367.Family problems are present in the majority of adolescent suicide attempts.
1065
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
368.Suicides often occur in clusters.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
369.Addiction in the adolescent’s family, or substance abuse by the adolescent is rarely a factor in suicide.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
370.Enuresis is more common among girls than boys.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
371.Problems of persistent bedwetting in childhood generally persist into adolescence.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
372.Primary enuresis is apparently not genetically influenced and characterizes children with occasional bed-
wetting.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
373.It is normal for children who have acquired daytime control over their bladders to have accidents in the
nighttime for a year or more.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
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374.Enuresis usually resolves itself.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
375.An estimated 5% to 10% of children meet diagnostic criteria for enuresis at age 5.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
376.Principles of classical conditioning can be applied to treat bed-wetting in children.
ANSWER: T
Skill: Factual
377.Soiling, like enuresis, is most likely to happen during the night while a child is sleeping.
ANSWER: F
Topic: Elimination Disorders
Skill: Factual
378.About 10% of 5-year-olds have encopresis.
ANSWER: F
Skill: Factual
Essay Questions
379.Discuss ways of determining what is normal and abnormal in childhood and adolescence.

Skill: Factual
380.Explain what neurodevelopmental disorders are. Additionally, identify and briefly describe each of the
major types of neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Skill: Conceptual
381.Discuss the prevalence of, and risk factors for, mental health problems in children and adolescents.

Skill: Factual
382.Discuss the rise in the prevalence of autism. What factors have been identified as possibly contributing to
the disorder?

Skill: Factual
383.Discuss the concern that parents of higher functioning children with autism have about the loss of the
Asperger Syndrome diagnosis in the DSM-5.

Skill: Factual
384.What characterizes Down syndrome? Describe the physical appearance of the individual with Down’s, the
causes of the disorder and general outcome of those with Down syndrome.

Skill: Factual
385.Identify and briefly describe each of the major causes of intellectual developmental disorder.

Skill: Factual
386.What is PKU? How is it diagnosed? What causes PKU?

Skill: Factual
387.Discuss the cause, prevalence, features, and characteristics of Klinefelter’s and Turner’s syndrome.

Skill: Factual
388.Discuss the cause, prevalence, features, and characteristics of fragile X syndrome.
1068
Skill: Factual
389.What types of social and academic interventions have been effective in working with persons with an
intellectual developmental disorder?

Skill: Factual
390.Summarize the problems children can have in learning to read. Why are rates of dyslexia higher in English
and French-speaking countries?

Skill: Factual
391.Discuss the research linking learning disabilities to defects in brain circuitry responsible for processing
sensory input.

Skill: Conceptual
392.Discuss the different methods for understanding and treating learning disorders.

Skill: Factual
393.Explain what communication disorders are, and briefly describe each of the various communications
disorders.

Skill: Factual
394.Discuss the cause, prevalence, features, and characteristics of childhood onset fluency disorder.

Skill: Factual
395.Identify and briefly describe attention-deficit disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.

1069
Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
396.Describe the brain research that has been conducted with ADHD. Cite the emerging view about executive
functions in the brain and ADHD.

Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
397.Summarize the types of medications used to treat ADHD. What are the limitations of this therapy? What
other types of therapy can be combined with medication in order to provide more effective treatment.

Conduct Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
398.Describe how conduct disorder differs from ADHD. What other childhood and adult problems are
associated with this disorder?

Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
399.How does oppositional defiant disorder differ from conduct disorder? How do family factors contribute to
the presence of this disorder?

Conduct Disorder
Skill: Factual
400.What is Separation Anxiety Disorder? At what age is it most typical? How is it treated?

Skill: Factual
401.Describe the features of childhood depression. What children are most at risk for developing this disorder?

Skill: Factual
402.Explain the controversy about overmedicating children with psychiatric drugs.
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Skill: Conceptual
403.List and describe at least six of the ten demographics contributing to suicide in children and adolescents.

Skill: Factual
404.Describe how the urine alarm is used to treat enuresis.

Skill: Factual
1071
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS
EOC Q13.1
Using a technique called __________ therapy, Dr. Marsh, a psychodynamic therapist, asks Sally,
age 5, to use dolls to act out a family conflict.
a) play
b) reality
c) cognitive
d) imaginal
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.1 Explain the differences between normal and abnormal behavior in
childhood and adolescence and the role of cultural beliefs in determining abnormality.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
EOC Q13.2
Research published in 2012 indicated that approximately __________ of adolescents in America

experienced a diagnosable mental disorder during the previous year.
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the prevalence of psychological disorders in children and
adolescents.
Skill Level: Remember
1072
EOC Q13.3
An international study published in 2009 revealed that __________ of men and __________ of
women suffered from sexual abuse before the age of 18.
a) 2%; 5%
b) 4%; 10%
c) 8%; 20%
d) 12%; 15%
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.3 Identify risk factors for psychological disorders in childhood and
adolescence and describe the effects of child abuse.
EOC Q13.4
Autistic children sometimes parrot back things they hear in a high-pitched monotone. This is
known as __________.
a) aphasia
b) echolalia
c) dysarthria
d) stuttering
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.4 Describe key features of autism.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q13.5
The theory that autistic children possess perceptual deficits that limit them to processing only
one stimulus at a time represents the __________ perspective.
a) sociocultural
b) psychodynamic
c) cognitive learning
d) humanistic
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.5 Identify possible causal factors in autism.
Skill Level: Analyze
1073
EOC Q13.6
The learning-based approaches called __________ have had the best reported results in
developing language skills and socially adaptive behavior in children with autism.
a) aversive therapy
b) play therapy
c) applied behavior analysis
d) dialectical behavior therapy
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.6 Describe the treatment of autism.
EOC Q13.7
Tom’s son Alex has very distinctive physical features: a round face; broad, flat nose; and small,
downward-sloping folds of skin at the inside corners of the eyes that give the impression of
slanted eyes. Alex most likely has __________ syndrome.
a) Rhett
b) Klinefelter
c) Down
d) Turner
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.7 Describe the key features and causes of intellectual disability.
Skill Level: Apply
EOC Q13.8
Martin has been diagnosed with a severe intellectual disability. His therapist will most likely use
a __________ approach to teach Martin to master basic hygienic behaviors such as
toothbrushing, self-dressing, and hair combing.
a) behavioral
b) humanistic
c) psychodynamic
d) biomedical
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.8 Describe interventions used to help children with intellectual disability.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
1074
EOC Q13.9
Children living in __________ countries are more likely to experience dyslexia as result of the
__________ ratio of sounds to letter combinations.
a) Spanish- or Italian-speaking; low

b) Swedish- or Norwegian-speaking; low
c) German- or Russian-speaking; high
d) English- or French-speaking; high
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 13.9 Identify the types of deficits associated with learning disorders and
describe ways of understanding and treating learning disorders.
EOC Q13.10
When Jennifer’s mom asks Jennifer to bring her the biggest cookie on a plate of cookies of
various sizes, she grabs the smallest one. The difficulty that Jennifer has in understanding words
or sentences, especially in reference to differences in quantity, may be indicative of a
__________ disorder.
a) language
b) emotional
c) social
d) family
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe the key features of language disorder.
Skill Level: Apply
1075
EOC Q13.11
Jose, age 5, struggles with the timing of speech sounds, often resulting in stuttering. He would
most likely be diagnosed with a type of communication disorder called __________.
a) childhood-onset fluency disorder

b) social communication disorder
c) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
d) oppositional defiant disorder
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.11 Describe the key features of psychological disorders involving
problems with speech.
Skill Level: Apply
EOC Q13.12
New to the DSM-5 is a diagnosis for children who have continuing and profound difficulties
communicating verbally and nonverbally with other people in settings such as in school, home,
or play. This diagnosis is called __________.
a) phonological disorder
b) neurocommunicative disorder
c) expressive speech disorder
d) social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 13.12 Describe the key features of social (pragmatic) communication
disorder.
1076
EOC Q13.13
The most widely diagnosed psychological disorder in U.S. children between the ages of 6 and 17
is __________.
a) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b) autism spectrum disorder
c) depression
d) intellectual disability
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.13 Describe the key features of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,
identify causal factors, and evaluate treatment methods.
Difficulty: Easy
EOC Q13.14
Conduct-disordered behavior in children is linked to the development of __________ behavior in

adulthood.
a) paranoid
b) disruptive
c) antisocial
d) belligerent
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.14 Describe the key features of conduct disorder.
EOC Q13.15
Children and adolescents with __________ disorder tend to argue with parents and/or teachers
and refuse to follow requests or directions from others.
a) conduct
b) oppositional defiant
c) attention-deficit/hyperactivity
d) antisocial
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.15 Describe the key features of oppositional defiant disorder.
1077
EOC Q13.16
Separation anxiety impacts __________ of children and young adolescents, and the disorder
occurs more often in __________.
a) 1% to 3%; boys
b) 4% to 5%; girls
c) 5% to 7%; girls
d) 6% to 7%; boys
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.16 Describe the key features of anxiety-related disorders in children and
adolescents.
EOC Q13.17
Major depression affects about __________ of children aged 5 to under 13, and about
__________ of adolescents aged 13 to under 18.
a) 1%; 10%
b) 3%; 10%
c) 5%; 15%
d) 5%; 20%
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 13.17 Describe common features of depression in childhood and identify
cognitive biases associated with childhood depression and ways of treating childhood depression.
1078
EOC Q13.18
The significant increase in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder since the early 1990s has led some
critics to claim that __________ has spurred overdiagnosis by encouraging physicians to
prescribe the latest drugs.
a) the American Psychiatric Association

b) the U.S. government
c) the pharmaceutical industry
d) pressure from parents seeking help for children
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.18 Identify risk factors for suicide in adolescents.
EOC Q13.19
__________ is apparently not genetically influenced and characterizes children with occasional
bed-wetting who developed the problem after having established urinary control.
a) Primary enuresis
b) Secondary enuresis
c) Secondary encopresis
d) Primary encopresis
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.19 Describe the key features of enuresis and evaluate methods of treating
bed-wetting.
EOC Q13.20
The term __________ refers to lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an
organic problem.
a) enuresis
b) encopresis
c) scatogenesis
d) enupresis
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.20 Describe the key features of encopresis.
Difficulty: Easy
1079
EOM Q13.1.1
Tamara has an impairment of brain functioning that affects her psychological, cognitive, social,
and emotional development. This is referred to as a __________ disorder.
a) neurodevelopmental
b) biologically derived
c) cerebral defect
d) maturational
Answer: a
Learning Objective: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.1.2
Researchers estimate that nearly __________ American children may have been misdiagnosed
with ADHD in kindergarten simply because they were the youngest in their classes.
a) 10,000
b) 100,000
c) 1,000,000
d) 10,000,000
Answer: c
Learning Objective: Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q13.1.3
In research examining cultural differences in attitudes toward children’s behavior, American

parents perceived problem behavior as __________ compared to Thai parents.
a) more serious
b) more likely to improve over time
c) less worrisome
d) less likely to have serious long-term consequences
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.1 Explain the differences between normal and abnormal behavior in
childhood and adolescence and the role of cultural beliefs in determining abnormality.
1080
EOM Q13.1.4
A child with which type of disorder is at greatest risk of going untreated?
a) a learning disorder
b) a mood disorder
c) a disruptive behavior disorder
d) an elimination disorder
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.2 Describe the prevalence of psychological disorders in children and
adolescents.
EOM Q13.1.5
Peter, age 10, often comes to school unkempt. He is an underachiever at school, gets along
poorly with his classmates, and is frequently absent. He was recently caught torturing kittens and
is known to pick fights with children smaller than him. The combination of these behaviors
suggests that he __________.
a) has ADHD
b) is autistic
c) is adopted
d) experiences physical abuse and neglect
Answer: d
Learning Objective: 13.3 Identify risk factors for psychological disorders in childhood and
adolescence and describe the effects of child abuse.
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.2.1
Children with autism are often described by their parents as __________ early in infancy.
a) “good babies”
b) “difficult babies”
c) “easily irritated babies”
d) “slow to warm up babies”
Answer: a
Learning Objective: Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder
1081
EOM Q13.2.2
Beatrice, age 7, does not relate to others. She lacks speech and exhibits disturbed motor
behavior, intellectual impairment, and tantrums if objects in her room are moved or there is a
change in her daily routine. Beatrice’s behaviors most closely meet the criteria for a diagnosis of
_______ disorder.
a) autism and autism spectrum

b) attention-deficit/hyperactivity
c) communication
d) disruptive behavior
Answer: a
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.2.3
__________ is a term that refers to the tendency of autistic children to resist deviations in the
arrangement of their possessions or changes in their routine.
a) Environmental static
b) Perseveration
c) Preservation of sameness
d) Conservation of environment
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
EOM Q13.2.4
Recent evidence suggests that in children with autism, the parts of the brain responsible for
language and social behavior __________ than in other children.
a) grow much more slowly

b) begin the pruning process sooner
c) have more immature, prenatal neuronal structures
d) have denser motor neurons
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.5 Identify possible causal factors in autism.
1082
EOM Q13.2.5
Biomedical treatments for autism typically include the use of __________ drugs to control
disruptive behavior.
a) antipsychotic
b) antianxiety
c) mood stabilizing
d) antidepressant
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.6 Describe the treatment of autism.
EOM Q13.3.1
The presence of an additional X chromosome in __________ syndrome affects only males,

whereas a single X chromosome instead of two in __________ syndrome affects only females.
a) Turner; Klinefelter
b) Klinefelter; Turner
c) Klinefelter; Fragile X
d) Down; Turner
Answer: b
EOM Q13.3.2
Susan’s son Bob, age 17, attends special classes at the local high school. He is able to read and
perform arithmetic calculations on a fourth-grade level. Bob is friendly, verbal, and can be
guided in the area of social conformity. Bob’s level of intellectual disability is likely to be
classified as __________.
a) profound
b) severe
c) moderate
d) mild
Answer: d
Skill Level: Apply
1083
EOM Q13.3.3
John has limited general intellectual abilities but is able to tell you in a few seconds the day of
the week of any given date. Clinicians use the label __________ to refer to someone with severe
mental deficiencies who possesses some remarkable abilities like John’s.
a) savant syndrome
b) intellectual outlier
c) cognitively efficient processing
d) skill-specific cognitive processing
Answer: a
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.3.4
__________ is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive gene that prevents the body of a child
from metabolizing an amino acid found in many foods, causing damage to the central nervous
system and severe mental retardation.
a) phenylketonuria
b) Turner syndrome
c) Fragile X syndrome
d) Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: a
EOM Q13.3.5
What happened to the population of institutions for people with intellectual disabilities after the
passage of the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act?
a) It decreased by about a third.

b) It decreased by about two-thirds.
c) It increased by about one-half.
d) There was no significant change.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.8 Describe interventions used to help children with intellectual disability.
Difficulty: Easy
1084
EOM Q13.4.1
The DSM-5 applies a single diagnosis of __________ to encompass various types of learning
disorders or disabilities involving significant deficits in skills required in reading, writing,
arithmetic and math, and executive functions.
a) intellectual deficiency
b) dyslexia
c) specific learning disorder
d) communication disorder
Answer: c
EOM Q13.4.2
Dyslexia is characterized by difficulty with __________ skills.
a) math
b) social
c) expression
d) reading
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
1085
EOM Q13.4.3
The genetic form of dyslexia appears to involve defects in the neural circuitry in the brain that
readers use to process __________.
a) whole form visual input

b) speech sounds
c) memory encoding through the hippocampus
d) visual-parietal input from the environment
Answer: b
EOM Q13.4.4
In contrast to other adults, brain scans taken during a reading task in those who have been
diagnosed with dyslexia show greater activation in the __________.
a) right hemisphere
b) occipital lobe
c) cerebellum
d) limbic system
Answer: a
1086
EOM Q13.4.5
Betsy, who is from a disadvantaged educational background, has been diagnosed with dyslexia.
Betsy relies more on memory than on decoding strategies to understand written words. Although
some forms of dyslexia are more genetically influenced, Betsy’s form of dyslexia is more likely
to be __________ influenced.
a) environmentally
b) visually
c) verbally
d) biologically
Answer: a
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.5.1
Idira, age 6, has exhibited slow vocabulary development, errors in tenses, difficulties recalling
words, and problems producing sentences of appropriate length and complexity for her age. It is
likely that she has a __________ disorder.
a) language
b) speech sound
c) phonological
d) childhood-onset fluency
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe the key features of language disorder.
Skill Level: Apply
1087
EOM Q13.5.2
When faced with a challenging or stressful situation, children who stutter tend to be __________
than nonstutterers.
a) more emotionally reactive

b) more hostile
c) more enthusiastic
d) less anxious
Answer: a
EOM Q13.5.3
A child who has trouble making speech sounds but has no neurological deficits and has an intact
speech mechanism is likely to be diagnosed with a __________ disorder.
a) social communication
b) speech sound
c) receptive language
d) childhood-onset fluency
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
1088
EOM Q13.5.4
About __________ of children who stutter overcome the problem without any treatment, usually
before age 16.
a) 30%
b) 45%
c) 60%
d) 80%
Answer: d
EOM Q13.5.5
Anita is of average intelligence but has extreme difficulty carrying on a conversation and is often
quiet when in a group of friends. The newly recognized disorder in DSM-5 of __________ is
likely to be an appropriate diagnosis for Anita.
a) phonological disorder
b) speech sound disorder
c) social communication disorder
d) childhood-onset fluency disorder
Answer: c
Learning Objective: 13.12 Describe the key features of social (pragmatic) communication
disorder.
Skill Level: Apply
1089
EOM Q13.6.1
Stimulant drugs treat ADHD by __________.
a) activating the amygdala

b) increasing blood pressure
c) activating the parietal region of the brain
d) activating the prefrontal cortex
Answer: d
EOM Q13.6.2
An emerging view among researchers today is that ADHD may be attributable to __________.
a) failure for the body to metabolize artificial flavors and nutritional supplements
b) a breakdown in the executive control functions of the brain
c) disorganized parenting practices
d) more responsive reward systems in the brain
Answer: b
EOM Q13.6.3
Which of the following was the first nonstimulant medication used in the treatment of ADHD?
a) Ritalin
b) Concerta
c) Strattera
d) Adderall
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
1090
EOM Q13.6.4
Charles is a child who purposely engages in patterns of antisocial behavior, violates social norms
and the rights of others, and does not feel remorse for these deeds. He would most likely be
diagnosed as having __________ disorder.
a) learning
b) conduct
c) antisocial personality
d) attention-deficit/hyperactivity
Answer: b
Learning Objective: 13.14 Describe the key features of conduct disorder.
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.6.5
Some theorists believe that the behavior in a child with oppositional defiant disorder is an
expression of an underlying temperament described as the __________ type.
a) “difficult child”
b) “easy child”
c) “slow to warm up”
d) “mixed personality”
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.15 Describe the key features of oppositional defiant disorder.
EOM Q13.7.1
Dr. Thomas, a learning theorist, is likely to suggest that generalized anxiety in childhood results
from __________.
a) unconscious conflicts
b) negative expectations
c) fears of rejection or failure
d) interpreting situations as threatening
Answer: c
adolescents.
Skill Level: Apply
1091
EOM Q13.7.2
Psychologist Mary Ainsworth found that separation anxiety begins __________.
a) in the first year of life

b) after a child learns to speak
c) during the preschool years
d) in kindergarten and first grade
Answer: a
adolescents.
EOM Q13.7.3
Depressed children may not be able to label their feelings as depressed because children are not
usually capable of recognizing internal feeling states until about the age of __________.
a) 7 years
b) 9 years
c) 12 years
d) 15 years
Answer: a
Learning Objective: 13.17 Describe common features of depression in childhood and identify
cognitive biases associated with childhood depression and ways of treating childhood depression.
EOM Q13.7.4
The highest rate of suicide in the United States occurs among __________ adolescent and young
adult males.
a) Native American
b) Hispanic American
c) (non-Hispanic) White
d) African American
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
1092
EOM Q13.7.5
A new diagnosis of __________ was introduced in DSM-5 to apply to children with extreme
irritability and severe and frequent temper outbursts, but who do not show mood changes and
other features of mania associated with bipolar disorder.
a) enuresis
b) pediatric depression
c) Turner syndrome
d) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Answer: d
EOM Q13.8.1
The urine alarm method of treatment for enuresis that relies on __________ conditioning has a
__________ success rate than psychiatric drugs.
a) operant; higher
b) operant; lower
c) classical; higher
d) classical; lower
Answer: c
bed-wetting.
1093
EOM Q13.8.2
Raiden is being treated for enuresis. According to the __________ perspective, his behavior may
represent an expression of hostility toward his parents because of harsh toilet training.
a) psychodynamic
b) learning
c) cognitive
d) sociocultural
Answer: a
bed-wetting.
Skill Level: Apply
EOM Q13.8.3
Bed-wetting that is persistent in a child who has never established urinary control is __________
enuresis, and occasional bed-wetting after attaining urinary control is __________ enuresis. The
most common form of enuresis is __________ enuresis.
a) primary; secondary; secondary

b) primary; secondary; primary
c) secondary; primary; primary
d) secondary; primary; secondary
Answer: b
bed-wetting.
EOM Q13.8.4
Enuresis is more common in __________; encopresis is more common in __________.
a) boys; girls
b) boys; boys
c) girls; boys
d) girls; girls
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
1094
EOM Q13.8.5
Enuresis occurs most often during the __________; encopresis occurs most often during the
__________.
a) night; night
b) night; day
c) day; day
d) day; night
Answer: b
1095

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Total Assessment Guide

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

2. Many disorders with children are first identified __________.

3. Many children are misdiagnosed when clinicians ________________.

5. ______ is classified as a neurodevelopment disorder in the DSM-5.

6. ______ are classified as neurodevelopment disorders in the DSM-5.

9. Which of the following is true of psychotherapy with children?

14. The majority of children with mental health disorders ______.

15. Which childhood behavior problem is least likely to result in treatment?

16. Which of the following statements is true?

24. Autism is a ______ condition.

26. Autism was first used to describe a characteristic of ______.

27. The term “autism” was introduced by ______.

29. Autistic thinking is the tendency to ______.

37. There is an increased probability of autism occurring with _____.

44. Scientists have ______ between autism and childhood vaccines.

45. Autism occurs ______ in boys as compared to girls.

47. Autism is usually not accurately diagnosed until age ______.

51. Which of the following is true of children with autism?

53. Children with autism are bound by ______.

54. Preservation of sameness is an important feature of ______.

55. Which of the following is true?

65. Which one of the following statements is true?

66. Which of the following is true?

70. Lovaas demonstrated significant improve in autistic children using ______.

73. ______ is a disorder formally called mental retardation.

75. Down syndrome occurs in about one in ______ births.

89. Down syndrome can often be traced to ________.

92. Most people with Down syndrome tend to die ______.

94. Which of the following is true of children with Down syndrome?

95. Klinefelter's syndrome is characterized by a(n) ______ chromosomal makeup.

96. Klinefelter’s syndrome involves an extra ______.

97. Klinefelter’s syndrome occurs ______.

100.Turner's syndrome is characterized by an ______ chromosomal makeup.

101.Turner’s syndrome involves a single ______.

102.Turner’s syndrome occurs ______.

105.The second most common form of intellectual developmental disorder is ______.

107.Fragile X syndrome is caused by a(n) ______.

111.Phenylketonuria is found in 1 person in ______.

112.Phenylketonuria is caused by ______.

113.Which of the following is true of PKU?

114.A prenatal test that can detect Down syndrome is ______.

115.Amniocentesis is usually conducted about ______ weeks following conception.

118.Encephalitis and meningitis during infancy can cause ______.

121.Most cases of intellectual developmental disorder ______.

122.In cultural-familial retardation, the cause of the retardation is ______.

123.Which of the following is true of children with cultural-familial retardation?

129.Institutional placement is often based on ______.

134.Nelson Rockefeller suffered from ______.

135.Which U.S. vice president suffered from dyslexia?

136.The most common type of learning disorder is ______.

138.Dyslexia refers to ______.

139.The most common type of learning disorder is ______.

140.Which of the following are types of learning disorders?

141.Which of the following is true of children with learning disorders?

146.Dyslexia affects ______ percent of school-age children in the United States.

147.Compared to girls, boys are ______ likely to be diagnosed with dyslexia.

148.Which of the following statements is true of children with learning disorders?

151.Dyslexia is usually apparent by the age of ______.

153.Which of the following is true of children with learning disorders?

159.Which factor is associated with more persistent reading disability?

161.Which of the following is a communication disorder?