Exercise 10.

1
Chapter 10 132
cos      sin      1  2cos      cos   sin 2 
2 2 2

Chapter 10  cos 2   sin 2   2cos  cos   2sin  sin 

1  1  2cos      1  1  2cos  cos   2sin  sin 
2  2cos      2  2cos  cos   2sin  sin 

Trigonometric Identities 2cos      2  cos  cos   sin  sin  

Let mAOD   and mAOC   cos      cos  cos   sin  sin 

Then mCOD     C   cos  ,sin  
B   cos     ,sin      D   cos  ,sin  
Exercise 10.1
Q1. Prove that
i). Sin(   )  Sin
Solution; we have to prove Sin(   )  Sin
Take LHS
Sin(   )  Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin
 cos   1,sin   0
 0.Cos   1 .Sin
  sin 
 RHS
Hence proved
ii). cos(   )   cos
If two arcs of a circle a congruent then the Solution; we have to prove cos(   )   cos
corresponding angles/chords are also congruent
Take LHS
i.e. Length of arc AB = Length of arc CD
cos(   )  cos  .Cos  sin  .Sin
mAOB  mCOD
 cos   1,sin   0
Now AB  CD using distance formula
2 2

  1 .Cos  0.Sin

Since AB   x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2 2
Applying
  cos 
 cos      1   sin      0   cos   cos     sin   sin  
2 2 2 2

 RHS
cos 2      1  2cos      sin 2      cos 2   cos 2  Hence proved
2cos  cos   sin 2   sin 2   2sin  sin  iii). tan  2      cot 
cos 2      sin 2      1  2cos      cos 2   sin 2 
Solution; we have to prove tan  2      cot 
 cos 2   sin 2   2cos  cos   2sin  sin 
1  1  2cos      1  1  2cos  cos   2sin  sin  Take LHS tan  2   
2  2cos      2  2cos  cos   2sin  sin  Sin  2    Sin 2 .Cos  Cos 2 .Sin
2cos      2  cos  cos   sin  sin  

cos  2    cos 2 .Cos  sin 2 .Sin
cos      cos  cos   sin  sin   cos 2  0,sin 2  1
Let mAOB   and mAOC   1.Cos  0.Sin

Then mAOD     0.Cos  1.Sin
Cos

Sin
  cot 
 RHS
Hence proved
iv). cos(270o   )   sin 
Solution; we have to prove
cos(270o   )   sin 
Take LHS
cos(270o   )  cos 270o.Cos  sin 270o.Sin
Now AD  BC using distance formula
2 2
 cos 270o  0, sin 270o  1
 0.Cos   1 .Sin
Since AB   x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2 2
Applying
  sin   RHS
 cos      1   sin      0    cos   cos    sin   sin  
2 2 2 2
Hence proved
cos 2      1  2cos      sin 2      cos 2   cos 2  v). tan(270o   )   cot 
2cos  cos   sin   sin   2sin  sin 
2 2

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.1
Chapter 10 133
Solution; we have to prove  Cos .Cos  Sin .Sin   Cos .Cos 
tan(270o   )   cot   Sin .Sin 
Take LHS tan(270o   )  Cos .Cos   Sin .Sin  Cos .Cos 
Sin  270o    Sin270o.Cos  Cos 270o.Sin  Sin .Sin

cos  270o    cos 270o.Cos  sin 270o.Sin  2Sin .Sin
 RHS
 cos 270o  0, sin 270o  1
Hence proved
1.Cos  0.Sin
 Q3. Show that
0.Cos   1 .Sin  
i). cos   2 cos 2  1  1  2sin 2
Cos 2 2

 Sin Solution; we have to show
  cot   
cos   2 cos 2  1  1  2sin 2
 RHS 2 2
Hence proved Take LHS
vi). Sin(360o   )  Sin     
cos   cos 2    cos   
Sol; we have to prove Sin(360   )  Sin
o  
2 2 2
   
Take LHS cos   cos cos  sin sin
2 2 2 2
Sin(360o   )  Sin360o.Cos  Cos360o.Sin
2  2 
 cos 360o  1,sin 360o  0 cos   cos  sin 1
2 2
 0.Cos  1 .Sin Since we know that
  sin   cos 2 x  sin 2 x  1
 RHS  cos 2 x  1  sin 2 x
Hence proved Putting in equation (1) we get
vii). cot(360   )  cot 
o  
cos   1  sin 2  sin 2
Solution; we have to prove cot(360o   )  cot  2 2

Take LHS cot(360o   ) cos   1  2sin 2 .........(2)
2
cos  360   
o
cos 360o.Cos  sin 360o.Sin
 Similarly
Sin  360   
o
Sin360o.Cos  Cos360o.Sin  cos 2 x  sin 2 x  1
 cos 360o  1, sin 360o  0  sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x
1.Cos  0.Sin Putting in equation (1) we get

0.Cos  1.Sin   
cos   cos 2   1  cos 2 
Cos 2  2

Sin  
 cot  cos   cos 2  1  cos 2
2 2
 RHS 2 
cos   2 cos  1.........(3)
Hence proved 2
Q2. Show that From equations (2) and (3)
i). Sin(   )  Sin(   )  2Sin.Cos  
cos   2 cos 2  1  1  2sin 2
Solution; we have to Show 2 2
Sin(   )  Sin(   )  2Sin.Cos ii). sin(   )sin(   )  cos   cos2  2

take LHS Sin(   )  Sin(   ) Solution; we have to prove

 Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin   Sin .Cos
Cos .Sin 
 Sin .Cos  Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin
Cos .Sin
 2Sin .Cos  RHS
Hence proved
ii). Cos(   )  Cos(   )  2Sin .Sin
Solution; we have to Show
Cos(   )  Cos(   )  2Sin .Sin
take LHS Cos(   )  Cos(   )
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan
sin(   )sin(   )  cos2   cos2 
Take LHS Sin(   ).Sin(   )
 Sin .Cos   Cos .Sin Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin 
  a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2
 Sin 2 .Cos 2   cos 2  .sin 2 
 1  cos 2   Cos 2   cos 2  . 1  cos 2  
 Cos 2   cos2  Cos 2   cos2   cos2  cos2 
 Cos 2   cos2 
 RHS
Hence proved
available at http://www.mathcity.org
 Exercise 10.1
Chapter 10 134
4 12 3 13
Q4. If sin   , sin   and both α and β Q5. If tan   , sec   and neither terminal
5 13 4 5
are measures of first quadrantal angles, than find: side of the angle of measure α nor β in the first
4 quadrant, than find:
Solution: Take sin   3
5 Solution: Take tan   where   III Quadrant
AB= Adjacent 4
BC= Opposite AB= Adjacent
AC= Hypotenuse BC= Opposite
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2 AC= Hypotenuse
AC 2  BC 2  AB 2
52  AB 2  42
AC 2   3   4 
2 2
AB 2  25  16  9
AB  3 AC 2  9  16  25
3 4 AC  5
CAH  cos   , TOA  tan  
5 3 4 3
CAH  cos   , SOH  sin  
12 5 5
Take sin  
13 13 5
Take sec    cos  
AB= Adjacent 5 13
BC= Opposite AB= Adjacent
AC= Hypotenuse BC= Opposite
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2 AC= Hypotenuse
132  AB 2  122 AC 2  AB 2  BC 2
AB 2  169  144  25 132  52  BC 2
AB  5 BC 2  169  25  144
5 12 BC  12
CAH  cos   , TOA  tan  
13 5
i). Sin(   ) 12 12
SOH  sin   , TOA  tan  
Solution; we have to find the value of Sin(   ) 13 5
i). Sin(   )
Sin(   )  Sin .Cos   Cos .Sin
Solution; we have to find the value of Sin(   )
4 5 3 12
Sin(   )  .  . Sin(   )  Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin
5 13 5 13
Sin(   ) 
20  36 3 5 4 12
65
Sin(   )  .  .
5 13 5 13
56
Sin(   )  15  48
65 Sin(   ) 
65
ii). Cos(   )
33
Solution; we have to find the value of Cos(   ) Sin(   ) 
Cos (   )  Cos .Cos   Sin .Sin 65
3 5 4 12 ii). Cos(   )
Cos (   )  .  .
5 13 5 13 Solution; we have to find the value of Cos(   )
15  48
Cos (   )  Cos(   )  Cos .Cos  Sin .Sin
65
33 4 5 3 12
Cos (   ) 
65
Cos(   )  .  .
5 13 5 13
iii). tan(   ) 20  36
Solution; we have to find the value of tan(   ) Cos(   ) 
65
tan   tan  56
tan(   )  Cos(   ) 
1  tan  .tan  65
 4 12   4 12  iii). tan(   )
tan(   )      1  . 
3 5   3 5 
Solution; we have to find the value of tan(   )
 20  36   15  48 
tan(   )      tan   tan 
 15   15  tan(   ) 
 56   33   56   15  1  tan  .tan 
tan(   )          
 15   15   15   33   3 12   3 12 
tan(   )      1  . 
 56  4 5   4 5 
tan(   )   
 33 

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.1
Chapter 10 135
 15  48   20  36  sin  cos   sin 
tan(   )      1
 20   20   cos   cos 
sin  cos   sin 
 33   56   33   20  1
tan(   )       cos  cos 
 20   20   20   56 
cos   sin 
 33    RHS
tan(   )    cos   sin 
 56  Hence Proved
Q6. Show that ii). tan       1  tan 
i). cot(   )  cot  cot   1 4  1  tan 
cot   cot  Solution; we have to prove
cot  cot   1   1  tan 
Solution; we have to prove cot(   )  tan     
cot   cot  4  1  tan 
Take LHS cot(   ) Take LHS tan  4   
Cos(   ) Cos .Cos  Sin .Sin tan  4   tan 
   tan  4   1
Sin(   ) Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin 1  tan  4  tan 
 Cos .Cos Sin .Sin  1  tan 
Sin .Sin     RHS
 Sin .Sin Sin .Sin  1  tan 
cot      Hence Proved
 Sin .Cos Cos .Sin 
Sin .Sin   
 Sin .Sin Sin .Sin  tan(   ) tan 2   tan 2 
iii). 
 Cos .Cos   cot(   ) 1  tan 2  tan 2 
 Sin .Sin  1 Solution; we have to prove
cot       
tan(   ) tan 2   tan 2 
 Cos  Cos  
 Sin  Sin  cot(   ) 1  tan 2  tan 2 
 
cot  cot   1 tan(   )
cot       RHS Take LHS
cot(   )
cos   cot 
Hence proved 1
 tan(   )
Sin(   ) cot(   )
ii).  tan   tan 
Cos .Cos  tan(   ) tan(   )
Solution; we have to prove  tan   tan    tan   tan  
  
Sin(   )  1  tan  . tan    1  tan  . tan  
 tan   tan    a  b  a  b   a 2  b 2
Cos .Cos
Sin(   ) tan 2   tan 2 
  RHS
Take LHS 1  tan 2  . tan 2 
Cos .Cos
Hence Proved
Sin .Cos  Cos .Sin sin  cos 
   sin 5
Cos .Cos Q8. Prove that
sec 4 cos ec 4
Sin .Cos Cos .Sin Solution; we have to Prove
 
Cos .Cos Cos .Cos sin  cos 
  sin 5
Sin Sin sec 4 cos ec 4
  Take LHS
Cos Cos
sin  cos 
 tan   tan   RHS   sin  .cos 4  cos  sin 4
sec 4 cos ec 4
Hence proved
Using formula Sin(   )  Sin.Cos  Cos.Sin
Q7. Prove that
 sin   4 
 cos   sin 
i). tan(   )   sin 5  RHS
4 cos   sin 
Solution; we have to prove Hence proved
 cos   sin  sin 180o    cos  270o   
tan(   )  Q9. Show that 1
4 cos   sin  sin 180o    cos  270o   

Take LHS tan(  ) Solution; we have to show that
4
sin 180o    cos  270o   
tan  4
 tan  1

1  tan   tan 
 tan  4 1 sin 180o    cos  270o   
4 Take LHS
1  tan  sin  sin 180o    cos  270o   
  tan  
1  tan  cos  sin 180o    cos  270o   

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.2
Chapter 10 136


Sin180 Cos  Cos180 SinCos270 Cos  Sin270 Sin
o o o o
a sin   b cos we get a  2, b  5
Sin180 Cos  Cos180 SinCos270 Cos  Sin270 Sin
o o o o
We know that
sin180  0,cos180  1,sin 270  1,cos 270  0
o o o o
r a 2  b2 cos   a
r
sin   b
r


0.Cos   1 Sin 0.Cos   1 Sin  r 22   5
2
cos   2
29
sin   5
29

0.Cos   1 Sin 0.Cos   1 Sin  r 4  25 tan   sin 

cos 


  Sin   Sin  r 29   tan 1  25 

  Sin   Sin  The reference angles sin  is negative and cos  is

positive, the angle x is lies in the fourth quadrant, Now
 1  RHS
2sin   5cos
Hence proved
Q10. Express each of following in form of r sin    
Multiply and Divide it by 29 we get
 2 5 
where terminal ray of θ and  are in first quadrant. 29  sin   cos  
 29 29 
i). 4sin  3cos
Substituting cos   229 , sin   5
we get
Solution: we have 4sin  3cos 29

Compare the given equation with the expression 29  cos sin   sin  cos  
a sin   b cos we get a  4, b  3 29 sin    
We know that
Thus 2sin   5cos  29 sin     Where
r  a 2  b2 cos   a
sin   b
r  29, cos   , sin   5
   tan 1  25 
r r 2
29 29
r  4 3 2 2
cos   4
sin   3
5 5
iv). sin   cos
sin 
r  16  9 tan   cos  Solution: we have sin   cos
r  25  5   tan 1  34  Compare the given equation with the expression
a sin   b cos we get a  1, b  1
The reference angle sin  and cos  are positive,
We know that
the angle x is lies in the first quadrant
Now 4sin  3cos r  a 2  b2 cos   ar sin   br
Multiply & Divide it by 5 we get 5  54 sin   53 cos   r  12  12 cos   1
2
sin   1
2

Substituting cos   54 , sin   53 we get r  11 tan   sin 

cos 

5  cos sin   sin  cos   r 2   tan 1  11   4

5sin     The reference angle sin  and cos  are positive,
Thus 4sin   3cos   5sin     Where the angle x is lies in the first quadrant
r  5, cos   , sin   4
5
3
5
   tan 1  53  Now sin   cos
Multiply and Divide it by 2 we get
ii). 15sin  8cos
Solution: we have 15sin  8cos  1 1 
2 sin   cos  
Compare the given equation with the expression  2 2 
a sin   b cos we get a  15, b  8 Substituting cos   12 , sin   1
2
we get
We know that 2  cos sin   sin  cos  
r  a b 2 2
cos   a
r
sin   b
r 2 sin    
r  15  8 2 2
cos   15
17
sin   8
17 Thus sin   cos  2 sin     Where
sin 
r  225  64 tan   cos  r  2, cos   1
, sin   1
   tan 1 1  4
2 2

r  289  17   tan 1  158 

Exercise 10.2
The reference angle sin  and cos  are positive,
Q1. If sin   135 and terminal ray of θ is in the
the angle x is lies in the first quadrant
Now 15sin  8cos second quadrant, than find:
Multiply and Divide it by 17 we get Solution: we have sin   135
17  17
15
sin   178 cos   AB= Adjacent
BC= Opposite
Substituting cos   17
15
, sin   178 we get AC= Hypotenuse
17  cos sin   sin  cos   AC 2  AB 2  BC 2
17sin     132  AB 2  52
Thus 15sin   8cos   17 sin     Where AB 2  169  25  144
r  17, cos   17
15
, sin   178    tan 1  158  AB  12
12 5
iii). 2sin  5cos CAH  cos   , TOA  tan   
Solution: we have 2sin  5cos 13 12
Compare the given equation with the expression i). sin 2

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.2
Chapter 10 137
Solution; we have to find the value of sin 2 sin 2  2sin  cos 
sin 2  sin  cos  cos sin   4  3 
sin 2  2   
sin 2  2sin  cos   5  5 
 5  12  24
sin 2  2    sin 2 
 13  13  25
120 
ii). cos 2
sin 2 
169 Solution; we have to find the value of cos 2
ii). cos 2  1  Cos
Solution; we have to find the value of cos 2 ∴ Cos 
2 2
∴ cos 2  cos  cos   sin  sin 
cos 2  cos 2   sin 2   1 3
Cos  1  
2 2 5
 12   5 
2 2

cos 2       12
 13   13  Cos   
2 25
144 25
cos 2    1
169 169 Cos 
119 2 5
cos 2  3
169 Q3. If cos    and terminal ray of θ is in the
iii). tan 2 7
Solution; we have to find the value of tan 2

third quadrant, than find: sin
tan   tan  2
∴ tan      3
1  tan  .tan  Solution: we have cos   
2 tan  7
tan 2  AB= Adjacent
1  tan 2  BC= Opposite
 5  
  5  
2
 AC= Hypotenuse
tan 2  2    1    
 12  
  12   AC 2  AB 2  BC 2
7 2   3  BC 2
2
5  25 
tan 2   1  
6  144  BC 2  49  9  40
5 144  25  BC  2 10
tan 2   
6  144 
2 10 2 10
5 144  SOH  sin   , TOA  tan  
tan 2     5 3
6 119  Now Sin   1  Cos
120 2 2
tan 2 
119  1 3
Sin  1  
4 2 2 7
Q2. If sin   and terminal ray of θ is in the
5  1 73
second quadrant, than find: Sin   
2 2 7 
4
Solution: we have sin    1  10 
5 Sin   
AB= Adjacent 2 2 7 
BC= Opposite  5
AC= Hypotenuse Sin 
2 7
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  5
Sin 
5  AB  4
2 2 2
2 7
AB 2  25  16  9 Q4. Using double angle identities, Find the values
of following.
AB  3
i). sin 23
3 4
CAH  cos   , TOA  tan    Solution; we have to find the value of sin 23
5 3
2   
i). sin 2 Sin  Sin   
Solution; we have to find the value of sin 2
3 3 3
2  
sin 2  sin  cos  cos sin  Sin  2 sin cos
3 3 3
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org
 Exercise 10.2
Chapter 10 138

2  3  1  1
 cos    
Sin  2     sec 2
3  2  2 
1
2 3  cos 2   sin 2 
Sin  sec 2
3 2 cos 2   sin 2 
  cos 2   sin 2   
1
2
i). cos 3
sec 2 cos 2   sin 2 
Solution; we have to find the value of cos 23
 cos 2     sin 2  
2 2

2
1
   
cos  cos    sec 2 cos 2   sin 2 
3 3 3
2   1
 cos 2  sin 2  cos 4   sin 4 
cos
3 3 3 sec 2
2 =RHS Hence proved
2  1   3 
2

cos       1  cos 2
3  2   2  Q8.  cot 
sin 2
2 1 3 1  cos 2
cos   Solution: we have to prove  cot 
3 4 4 sin 2
2 2 1  cos 2
cos 
3 4 Take LHS
sin 2
2 1
cos  1  cos 2   sin 2 
3 2 
Prove the following identities; 2sin  cos 
Q5.  sin   cos    1  sin 2
2 1  sin 2   cos 2 

2sin  cos 
Solution: we have to prove
2 cos 2 
 sin   cos    1  sin 2 
2

2sin  cos 
Take LHS  sin   cos  
2
cos 

 sin 2   cos 2   2sin  cos  sin 
 cot 
 1  2sin  cos 
=RHS Hence proved
 1  sin 2  2sin  cos   sin 2 Q9. cos ec2  cot 2  tan 
=RHS Hence proved Solution: we have to prove
2 tan  cos ec2  cot 2  tan 
Q6.  sin 2
1  tan 2  Take LHS cos ec2  cot 2
Solution: we have to prove that
1 cos 2
2 tan   
 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
1  tan 2 
2 tan  1  cos 2

Take LHS
1  tan 2  sin 2
2 tan  1   cos 2   sin 2  
 
1  tan 2  2sin  cos 
2 tan  1  cos 2   sin 2 
 1  tan 2   sec 2  
sec2  2sin  cos 
1 sin 2   sin 2 
 2 tan  cos 2   sec 2   
cos 2  2sin  cos 
sin  2sin 2 
2
cos 
 cos2   
2sin  cos 
 2sin  cos  sin 

=RHS Hence proved cos 
Q7.
1
 cos 4   sin 4   tan 
sec 2 =RHS Hence proved
1
 cos 4   sin 4  sin 3 cos3
Solution: we have to prove
sec 2 Q10.  2
sin  cos 
1
Take LHS  cos 2 sin 3 cos3
sec 2 Solution: we have to prove  2
sin  cos 

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.2
Chapter 10 139
sin 3 cos3 sin  1  cos  1  cos 
Take LHS   . 
cos  1  cos  1  cos 
sin  cos 
sin  1  cos  
2
sin 3 cos   sin  cos 3  .
 cos  1  cos 2 
sin  cos 
sin  1  cos  
2

sin  3    
cos 
.
sin 2 

sin  cos  
sin  1  cos 
.
cos  sin 
sin  2  
 
1  cos 
sin  cos  cos 
2sin  cos  
1

cos 
 2 cos  cos 
sin  cos 
 sec   1
=RHS Hence proved =RHS Hence proved
cos   sin  2  sin 2
3 3
sin   cos  sin   cos 
Q11.  Q14.   2 tan 2
cos   sin  2 cos   sin  cos   sin 
Solution; we have to prove Solution: we have to prove
cos3   sin 3  2  sin 2 sin   cos  sin   cos 
   2 tan 2
cos   sin  2 cos   sin  cos   sin 
sin   cos  sin   cos 
cos   sin 
3 3
Take LHS 
Take LHS cos   sin  cos   sin 
cos   sin   sin   cos     cos   sin  
 cos   sin    cos2   cos  sin   sin 2   
 cos   sin    cos   sin  

cos   sin   sin   cos     cos   sin  
2 2

 cos   sin   cos  sin 

2 2 
 cos   sin   cos   sin  
 1  cos  sin 
  a  b    a  b   4ab
2 2

2
 1  cos  sin   
4sin  cos 
2 cos 2   sin 2 
2  2 cos  sin  2  sin 2 2  2sin  cos  
  
2 2 cos    
= RHS Hence proved
2sin 2
sin 3 cos 3 
Q12.   2 cot 2 cos 2
cos  sin 
 2 tan 2
Solution: we have to prove
=RHS Hence proved
sin 3 cos 3
  2 cot 2 cot 2   1
cos  sin  Q15.  cos 2
sin 3 cos 3 cos ee2 
Take LHS 
cos  sin  cot 2   1
Solution: we have to prove  cos 2
sin 3 sin   cos  os 3 cos ee2 

sin  cos  cot 2   1
Take LHS
cos  3    cos ee2 

sin  cos   sin 2   cot 2   1
cos 2
  cos 2  
sin  cos   sin 2    1
 sin 
2

2 cos 2
  cos   sin 2  
2
2sin  cos   sin  
2

2 cos 2  sin 2  
  2 cot 2
sin 2  cos     
=RHS Hence proved
 cos 2
Q13. tan  .tan 2  sec 1
=RHS Hence proved
Solution: we have to prove tan  .tan 2  sec 1 2
Take LHS tan  .tan 2 Q16. sin  
tan 2  cot 2


sin  1  cos  2
 . Solution; we have to prove sin  
cos  1  cos  tan 
2  cot 2

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.3
Chapter 10 140
2 sin 2 1
Take RHS  
tan 2  cot 2

cos 2 cos 2
2 sin 2  1
 

sin 2 cos 2 cos 2

cos 2 sin 2 1  sin 2 

2 cos     

sin  cos2
2 
2

2 cos 2   sin 2   2sin  cos 
cos 2 sin 2 
cos 2   sin 2 
2sin 2 cos 2
 cos   sin  
2

1 
 cos   sin   cos   sin  
 sin 2  2 
cos   sin 
 sin  
cos   sin 
=LHS Hence proved
=RHS Hence proved
sin  .tan 2

Q17. sin 2
 3 1 1
2 2 Q20. cos 4    cos 2  cos 4
8 8 8
 sin  .tan 2
Solution; we have to prove sin 2  Solution; we have to prove
2 2 3 1 1
sin  .tan 2  cos 4    cos 2  cos 4
Take RHS 8 8 8
2 Take LHS cos4 
1
sin 2  2  .tan 2  1  cos 2  x 1  Cosx
2

  cos 2    
2
 Cos 2 
2  2  2 2
1 sin 2  1  cos 2  2cos 2 
1
 2sin 2 cos 2 .
2

4
2 cos 2 1  1  cos 4 
 1   2cos 2 
 sin 2 
2
4 2 
1 1 2
=LHS Hence proved   1  cos 4   cos 2
4 8 4
1  tan 2 2 2 1 1
Q18.  cos  
1
 cos 4  cos 2
1  tan 2 2 8 8 2
3 1 1
1  tan 2 2   cos 4  cos 2
Solution: we have to prove  cos  8 8 2
1  tan 2 2 =LHS Hence proved
1  tan 2 2 Exercise 10.3
Take LHS
1  tan 2 2 Q1. Express the following products as sums or
1  tan 2 2 differences.

sec2 2 i). 2sin 60o sin 20o

 cos 2 2 1  tan 2 2 
Solution; we have 2sin 60o sin 20o
using the formula
 sin 2 2  2Sin .Sin  Cos(   )  Cos(   )
 cos 1 
2 
2 2   Here   60o ,   20o then
 cos 2 
 cos 2 2  sin 2 2  2sin 60o sin 20o  cos  60o  20o   cos  60o  20o 
 cos 2 2  
 cos 2 2  2sin 60o sin 20o  cos 40o  cos80o
ii). 2cos8 sin 4
 cos 2  2 

Solution; we have 2cos8 sin 4
 cos  using the formula
=RHS Hence proved 2Cos.Sin  Sin(   )  Sin(   )
cos   sin  Here   8 ,   4 then
Q19. tan 2  sec 2 
cos   sin  2 cos8 sin 4  sin  8  4   sin 8  4 
Solution: we have to prove
2 cos8 sin 4  sin12  sin 4
cos   sin 
tan 2  sec 2  iii). 2cos75 sin 25
cos   sin  Solution; we have 2cos75 sin 25
Take LHS tan 2  sec 2 using the formula
2Cos.Sin  Sin(   )  Sin(   )

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.3
Chapter 10 141
Here   75 ,   25 then  94o  86o   94o  86o 
sin 94o  sin 86o  2Cos   Sin  
2 cos 75 sin 25  sin  75  25   sin  75  25   2   2 
2 cos 75 sin 25  sin100  sin 50 sin 94o  sin 86o  2Cos   Sin  
180O
2
8O
2
iv). sin 32o cos 24o
sin 94o  sin 86o  2Cos  90o  Sin  4o 
Solution; we have sin 32o cos 24o
using the formula ii). cos86o  cos 22o
2Sin .Cos  Sin(   )  Sin(   ) Solution; we have cos86o  cos 22o
Here   32o ,   24o then Using the formula
   
sin 32o cos 24o  1
2 sin 32 o

 24o   sin  32o  24o  Cos  Cos   2Cos (
2
)Cos (
2
)

sin 32o cos 24o  1

2 sin 56 o
 sin 8o  Here   86o ,   22o then
A B A B  86o  22o   86o  22o 
v). sin cos cos86o  cos 22o  2Cos   Cos  
2 2  2   2 
A B A B  108 
o
 64 
o
Solution; we have sin cos cos86o  cos 22o  2Cos   Cos  
2 2  2   2 
using the formula cos86o  cos 22o  2Cos  54o  Cos  32o 
2Sin .Cos  Sin(   )  Sin(   )
A B A B iii). cos95o  cos 41o
Here   ,  then Solution; we have cos95o  cos 41o
2 2
A B A B Using the formula
sin cos    
2 2 Cos  Cos   2Sin( ) Sin( )
2 2
1   A B A B   A  B A  B 
 sin     sin    Here   95o ,   41o then
2  2 2   2 2 
 95o  41o   95o  41o 
1   A B  A B   A  B  A  B  cos 95o  cos 41o  2 Sin   Sin  
 sin    sin    2   2 
2  2   2 
 136 o
  54 o

cos 95o  cos 41o  2 Sin   Sin  
1   2A   2B   2   2 
 sin    sin  
2  2   2  cos 95o  cos 41o  2 Sin  68o  Sin  27 o 


1
2
sin  A  sin  B  vi). sin
PQ
 sin
PQ
2 2
PQ PQ PQ PQ
vi). cos cos Solution; we have sin  sin
2 2 2 2
PQ PQ using the formula
Solution; we have cos cos
2 2    
using the formula Sin  Sin  2Cos( ) Sin( )
2 2
2Cos.Cos  Cos(   )  Cos(   )
PQ PQ
PQ PQ Here   ,  then
Here   ,  then 2 2
2 2 PQ PQ
PQ PQ sin  sin
cos cos 2 2
2 2  1  P  Q P  Q  1  P  Q P  Q 
1  PQ PQ  P  Q P  Q   2 cos    sin   
 cos     cos     2 2 2  2 2 2 
2  2 2   2 2 
 1  P  Q  P  Q  1  P  Q  P  Q 
1   PQ PQ  P  Q  P  Q   2 cos   sin  
 cos    cos    2 2  2 2 
2  2   2 
 1  2P  1  2Q  
1  2P   2Q    2 cos   sin  
 cos    cos    2 2  2  2 
2  2   2 
  P   Q 

1
cos  P   cos  Q   2 cos   sin   
2   2   2 
Q2. Convert following sums or differences to products; v). cos84o  cos 76o
i). sin 94  sin86
o o
Solution; we have cos84o  cos 76o
Solution; we have sin 94o  sin86o Using the formula
Using the formula    
Cos  Cos   2Cos ( )Cos ( )
    2 2
Sin  Sin  2Cos( ) Sin( )
2 2 Here   84o ,   76o then
Here   94o ,   86o then  84o  76o
cos84o  cos 76o  2Cos 
  84o  76o 
 Cos  
 2   2 
Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org
 Exercise 10.3
Chapter 10 142
 160o   8o     
cos84 o  cos76 o  2Cos   Cos   Sin  Sin  2Cos( ) Sin( )
 2  2 2 2
cos84o  cos 76o  2Cos 80o  Cos  4o  cos 5  cos 3
Then LHS
vi). cos  A  B   cos  A  B  sin 5  sin 3
 2   2   5  3   5  3 
2 cos   cos  
Solution; we have cos  A  B   cos  A  B    2   2 
 2   2   5  3   5  3 
2 cos   sin  
Using the formula  2   2 
   
Cos  Cos   2Cos ( )Cos ( )  5  3 
2 2 cos  
A B A B   2 
Here   ,  then  5  3 
2 2 sin  
 2 
 A B   A B 
cos    cos    2 
 2   2   cot  
1  A B A B  1  A B A B   2 
 2Cos    Cos   
2 2 2  2 2 2   cot   RHS
1  2A  1  2B 
Hence proved
 2Cos   Cos   sin   sin 9
2 2  2 2  Q5.  tan 5
 A B cos   cos9
 2Cos   Cos   Solution; we have to prove
2 2
sin   sin 9
Prove the following identities;  tan 5
Sin  Sin     cos   cos9
Q3.  tan   Using formulae
Cos  Cos   2     
Solution; we have to prove Sin  Sin  2Sin( )Cos( )
2 2
Sin  Sin        
 tan   Cos  Cos   2Cos (
Cos  Cos   2  2
)Cos (
2
)
Using formulae sin   sin 9
    Then LHS
cos   cos 9
Sin  Sin  2Cos( ) Sin( )
2 2  9     9   
    2sin   cos  
Cos  Cos   2Cos ( )Cos ( )   2   2 
2 2  9     9   
2 cos   cos  
Sin  Sin  2   2 
Then LHS
Cos  Cos  10 
sin  
     2 
2Cos( ) Sin( ) 
 2 2  10 
    cos  
2Cos( )Cos ( )  2 
2 2  10 
   tan  
Sin( )  2 
 2  tan 5  RHS
  Hence proved
Cos ( )
2 cos   cos3  cos5
    Q6.  cot 3
 tan    RHS sin   sin 3  sin 5
 2  Solution; we have to prove
Hence proved
cos   cos3  cos5
cos5  cos3  cot 3
Q4.  cot  sin   sin 3  sin 5
sin 5  sin 3 Using formulae
Solution; we have to prove    
cos5  cos3 Cos  Cos   2Cos ( )Cos ( )
 cot  2 2
sin 5  sin 3 Sin  Sin  2Sin(
 
)Cos(
 
)
Using formulae 2 2
    cos   cos 3  cos 5
Cos  Cos  2Cos( )Cos ( ) Then LHS
sin   sin 3  sin 5
2 2

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org

 Exercise 10.3
Chapter 10 143
cos 5  cos   cos 3 cos 30o
 
sin 5  sin   sin 3 sin 30o
 5     5     cot 30o
2 cos   cos    cos 3
  2   2 
 5     5     3  RHS
2sin   cos    sin 3 Hence proved
 2   2 
2 cos 3 cos 2   cos 3 Q9 cos 3 1  2sin    cos 3   sin 4  sin 2 

2sin 3 cos 2   sin 3 Solution; we have to prove
cos 3 1  2sin    cos 3   sin 4  sin 2 
2 cos 3  cos 2   1
 Take LHS cos 3 1  2sin  
2sin 3  cos 2   1
 cos 3  2 cos 3 sin 
cos 3
  cos 3  sin  3     sin  3   
sin 3
 cot 3  RHS  cos 3  sin 4  sin 2   RHS
Hence proved Hence proved
Q7 sin 3  sin 5  sin 7  sin 9  4cos sin 6 cos 2 Q10 cos   cos 2   cos 5  cos 2  1  2 cos 3 
Solution; we have to prove
Solution; we have to prove
sin 3  sin 5  sin 7  sin 9  4cos  sin 6 cos 2
Using formula cos   cos 2   cos 5  cos 2  1  2 cos 3 
Sin  Sin  2Sin(
 
)Cos (
 
) Take LHS cos   cos2  cos5
2 2
Take LHS sin 3  sin 5  sin 7  sin 9  cos5  cos   cos2
 sin 9  sin 3  sin 7  sin 5 Using the formula
 9  3   9  3     
 2sin  Cos  Cos   2Cos ( )Cos ( )
 cos   2 2
 2   2 
 5     5   
 7  5 
2sin 
 7  5   2 cos   cos    cos 2
 cos    2   2 
 2   2 
 2 cos 3 cos 2  cos 2 
 2sin 6 cos 3  2sin 6 cos 
 2sin 6  cos 3  cos  
 cos 2  2 cos 3  1  RHS
again using formula
Hence proved
   
Cos  Cos   2Cos (
Q11. sin 5  sin   2sin 3  4sin 3 cos 
)Cos ( ) 2
2 2
  3     3    Solution; we have
 2sin 6 2 cos   cos  
  2   2  sin 5  sin   2sin 3  4sin 3 cos2 
 4sin 6 cos 2 cos   RHS Using the formula
   
Hence proved Sin  Sin  2Sin( )Cos( )
2 2
cos 75  cos15
o o
Take LHS sin 5  sin   2sin 3
Q8.  3
sin 75o  sin15o  5     5   
Solution; we have to prove  2sin   cos    2sin 3
 2   2 
cos 75o  cos15o
 3  2sin 3 cos 2  2sin 3
sin 75o  sin15o
Using formulae
 2sin 3  cos 2  1

Cos  Cos   2Cos (

 
)Cos (
 
)  2sin 3  cos 2   sin 2   1
 2sin 3  cos 2   1  sin 2  
2 2
   
Sin  Sin  2Cos( ) Sin( )
2 2  2sin 3  cos 2   cos 2  
cos 75  cos15o
o
Take LHS
sin 75o  sin15o  2sin 3  2 cos 2  


  cos 
2 cos 75o 15o
2
75o 15o
2   4sin 3 cos 2   RHS
2 cos   sin  
75o 15o 75o 15o
Hence proved
2 2

cos  60o


2

sin  60o
2

Khalid Mehmood Lecturer GDC Bilot Sharif D.I.Khan available at http://www.mathcity.org