Biochemistry

85

68
86

69
87

70
2014-2015

88
89
 2014-2015

90
91
92
93
 

94

72
95

73
96

74
 !
1 SCT

1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ENZYMES PARTICIPATE IN THE
GLUCONEOGENESIS:
A.PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE
!
Which Sentences are true for the Pentose Phosphate Pathway:
A) is active in red blood cells
B) pruduces NADPH
C) has intermediates that can be used for glycolysis
D) does not use ATP
!
7. Glyconeugensis
1.involved mitocondrail enzyme
2. 6-10 ATP are utilize
3. Reversing 1 glycosid reaction by 2 enzymes.
4. No intermediat common with glycolosis
‫…לא בטוחה שזה מדוייק‬.
!
what's correct:
a) GLUT3 has high affinity to glucose and low Km
b) glucose eaves enterocyes via GLUT 2
c) GLUT4 is the main transporter of the brain
d) GLUT5 responsible to transport fructose
!
what is produces in mitochondria:
a) ATP synthase
b.subunits of pdh
!
Glucose:
1.can be used to build glycogen in liver.
2.g6p is important intermediate in many carbohydrates pathway.
3.cannot be fully oxidize in RBC
4. It is only use for ATP production in adipose tissue.
!
What is correct:
A. Pepck use GTP and pyrovatte arcoxylase use ATP
B. ‫אפשרות הפוכה‬
‫ועוד כמה שאני לא זוכרת‬..
!
Digestion of carbohydrate:
A. Can digest only polysaccarides
B. use mg to digest disaccarides
C. Can digest into poly, di, and monosaccarides
D. Can only bind to phosphorylated...97

75
E.???
Glycogenesis:
1. Alpha amylase is an important enzyme
2. Part of the reaction is in the nucleus
3. One of enzyme also in glycogenolysis
4. Formation of branched polysaccaride
!
which of the enzyme participate in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis:
phosphofrucose 1 kinase
hexokinas
phosphoglucumutase
!
Glycogenesis:
1. Alpha amylase is an important enzyme.
2. Is localized in the nucleus
3.?
4. Is the formation of branched polysaccharide.
!

98

76
1. Doesn't contain lactose. T
2. Can be degraded by glycosidic enzyme
3. Hydroxide buy lactase.
4. Can not be converted to glucose in mammals
5. A component of cellulose
!
How carbohydrates are digested?
1. Finally to monosaccharides via oligo and disaccharide T
2. By glycosidic enzyme
3. Only by enzyme that use Mg cofactors
4. Always via lactose
5, protease are involved
!
The glut-4 transporter
1. Can also transfer maltose
2. Is located in red blood cells
3. Facilitated lactose diffusion
4. Is transporter in muscle T
!
1. Also lose uses ATP
2. GADPH uses ATP
3. Pyruvate kinase reaction produce ATP T
4. Activity of pyruvate carboxylase doesn't require energy
5.PEP carboxykinase catalyse a reversible reaction.
!
Glucose transporters
1. Glut2 has high affinity
2.Glut 4 is transporter in muscle cell
3.Glut 1 is present in the membrane on red blood cell
4.The num of active glut4 receptors is insulin dependent
5.In case of high epinephrine levels glut2 depend on insulin
6.Glut3 has high affinity for glucose
7.Glut1 is the glucose transporter of adipose
8.Glut5 function with Na co transport
!
Lactate
1. Can be fully oxidised in brain T
2. Is present only in the cytosol F
3. It's conversion doesn't result ATP (directly). T
4. Lactate is produced by lactase F
5. Plays role in regulation the NADH level
6. Is utilised to synthesis large amount of glycogen in brain. F
7. Can be converted to pyruvate. T

99

77
Q: lactose:

DMBTT
- does not contain fructose (T)
-can be degraded by glycolytic enzymes (F)
-hydrolyze by maltes (F)
-can not be converted to glucose (F)
!
Q: how carbohydrate are digested :
- finally monosaccharide from oligo and di saccharide
(T)

Q: GLUT 4:
- important in muscles (T)

Q: which statement is true?

- pyruvate kinas reaction releases ATP (T)
!
Q: which answer is true for glucose transporter
(probably multiple choice question, 4 possible correct
answers for this question)
- GLUT 3 has high affinity for glucose (T)
- GLUT 4 is transport in muscle cells (T)
- GLUT 1 is present in red blood cells (T)
- GLUT 4 is insulin dependent (T)
-GLUT 1 is the glucose transporter in adipose tissue (F
)
!
Q: true for lactate :
- can be fully oxidized in the brain (T)
- can be converted to pyruvate (T)
-its conversion does not result in ATP directly (T)
-place slowly regulated in the NADH level (T)
!
!
! 100

78
Q: gluconeogenesis :
- is the reverse of glycolysis with the exception of 4
enzymatic steps (T)
- does not require phosphate (T)
-does not produce ATP (T)
-one of the reactions is localized in the mitochondria
Q: the glycolysis :
- 2 ATP is invested (T)
!
Q: in case of danger (being chases by a dog)
-glycolysis will increase (T)
-produce glucose from glycogen (T)
-glycogenolysis distributed in the muscle increase (T)
-glycogenolysis inhibited(? not sure this is what he
said) in the liver (T)
!
Q: true for regulation of glycolysis :
-insulin activates the transcription of one of the
enzymes (T)
!
Q:glycogen degradation
-glycogen degradation require a debranching enzyme
(T)
-glucagon activates in the liver (T)
-require inorganic phosphate (T)
!

101

79
102

80
103

81
104

82
105

83
106

84
107

85
108

86
109

87
110

88
111

89
112

90
113

91
114

92
115

93
116

94
117

95
118

96
119

97
120

98
121

99
122

100
123

101
124

102
125

103
126

104
127

105
128

106
129

107
130

108
131

109
132

110
133

112
134
Single'choice'ques.on' 2014-2015
Which'of'the'following'enzyme'can'modify'the'content'of'plasma'lipoproteins'in'the'circula.on''
'''''A.'''''''Lipoprotein'lipase'(LP)'

'''''B.'''''''pancrea.c'lipase'

'''''C.'''''''coBlipase'

'''''D.'''''''hormone'sensi.ve'lipase'in'adipocytes'

'''''E.'''''''HMGBCoA'reductase'

Code:'A'

Mul.ple'choice'ques.on''
1.'2.'and'3.'
B.'1.'and'3.'
C.'2.'and'4.''
D.'only'4.'E.'all''

The'regula.on'of'intracellular'cholesterol'concentra.on''
'''''A.'''''''requires'the'SREBPB2'transcrip.on'factor'that'regulates'expression'of'key'enzymes'of'cholesterol'
synthesis'

'''''B.'''''''also'involves'regula.on'of'the'expression'of'cell'surface'receptor'for'LDLs'

'''''C.'''''''results'in'inhibi.ng'the'synthesis'of'cholesterol'when'the'intracellular'cholesterol'
concentra.on'is'high'

'''''D.'''''''carried'out'by'direct'allosteric'regula.on'of'key'cholesterol'synthesis'enzymes'by'SREBPB2'

Code:'A'

CITRATEBMALATEBPYRUVATE'CLEAVAGE'PATHWAY:'THE'CITRATE''
1.'is'used'to'transport'the'acetylBCoA'from'mitochodria'to'cytosol'2.'cleaved'by'the'ATPBcitrateBlyase'in'the'
cytosol
3.'produces'NADPH'for'faXy'acid'synthesis
4.'inhibits'the'acetylBCoA'carboxylase'
Code:A'
THE'HORMONBSENSITIVE'TRIACILGLYCEROL'LIPASE:''
1.'ac.vated'by'glucagon'in'adipose'.ssue'2.'its'phosphorylated'from'is'inac.ve
3.'it'releases'free'faXy'acids
4.'localized'in'the'liver'
Code:B'

135
βBOxida.on:''
requires'coenzim'A'
2.'occurs'in'mitochondria'

3.'produces'FADH2'and'NADH+H
+'which'can'be'used'for'energy'produc.on'4.'does'not'require'NADPH'
Code:E'

THE'MAMMALIAN'FATTY'ACID'SYNTHASE:''
1.'synthesizes'palmitate
2.'ac.ve'in'a'dimeric'form
3.'localized'in'the'cytosol
4.'requires'NADH'in'the'reduc.on'steps'
Code:A'

THE'KETONE'BODIES:''
1.'are'converted'to'acetylBCoA'during'their'u.liza.on
2.'the'acetoacetate'produces'more'NADHBt'than'the'βBhydroxybutyrate'
in'the'extrahepa.c'.ssues
3.'waterBsoluble'small'molecules,'produced'from'acetylBCoA'in'liver'4.'their'u.liza.on'requires'
malonylBCoA'in'the'extrahepa.c'.ssues'
Code:B'

THE'INSULIN'STIMULATES'THE'EXPRESSION'OF'THE'FOLLOWING'GENES'IN'THE'LIVER'IN'WELLBFED'STATE:''
1. glycolitic enzymes, as'glucokinase,'phosphofruktokinaseB1'and'pyruvte'kinase'

2. enzymes of fatty acid synthesis,'as'acetylBCoA'carboxylase'and'faXy'acid'synthase'

'''''3.'''''''increases'the'amount'and'ac.vity'of'enzymes required for protein synthesis

'''''4.'''''''enzymes'of'gluconeogenesis,'as'PEP'carboxykinase,'
fructoseB1,6Bbisphosphatase'and'glukoseB6Bphosphatase'

Code:A'

IN'HUMAN'BODY'THE'PREVITAMIN'D3:''
1.'hydroxyla.on'is'required'to'produce'its'ac.ve'form'in'liver'and'kidney'2.'produced'from'7B
dehydrocholesterol
3.'involved'in'the'regula.on'of'calcium'and'phosphate'metabolism
4.'acts'as'a'detergent'
Code:A'

136
NORMALLY'THE'INSULIN'TRIGGERS'THE'FOLLOWINGS,'
EXCEPTING'ONE''
A.'ac.vates'a'protein'kinase'A'and'AMPBdependent'protein'kinase
B.'facilitates'the'transport'of'the'intracellular'glucose'transporter'4'(GLUT4)'
protein'into'the'plasma'membrane
C.'ac.vates'phosphoprotein'phosphatases
D.'increases'the'transcrip.on'of'lipogenic'genes'by'the'help'of'SREBP'E:'inhibits'ketogenesis'
Code:A'

FOLLOWING'STATEMENTS'ARE'TRUE'FOR'BILE'ACIDS,'EXCEPTING'ONE''
A.'decrease'the'solubility'of'cholesterol'and'lipids'in'the'bile
B.'the'first'step'of'their'synthesis'is'the'hydroxyla.on'of'cholesterol'C.'final'form'of'secondary'bile'
acids'is'formed'in'the'intes.ne
D.'most'bile'acids'contain'taurin'or'glycin
E.'deoxycholic'acid'and'lithocholic'acid'are'secondary'bile'acids'
Code:A'

137
for fatty acid synthesis:!

1.the fatty acid synthase catalyzes the rate limiting step!
2. citrate allostericaly activates the acetyl-coa carboxylase!
3. metabolism of palmitate provides both the carbon atom and the reducing equivalent!
4. nadph provide reductive power!
!
Beta oxidation requires:!
1. ATP!
2. AMP!
3. COA-SH!
4. NADH!
!
Hormone sensitive TAG lipase:!
4. Is active in adipose tissue!
Localized to the surface of the membrane upon phosphorylation!
both true!
!
Brown fat!
Not present in babys!
Present in adults!
Color due to thermogenin!
Mitochondria contain high amount of thermogenin ucp1 uncoupling h gradient and ATP production!
!
Chylomicrons!
1. Contain pancreatic lipase!
2. Packed with help of lipoproteins!
3. Contain high amount of TAGS!
4. Contain cholesterol and free fatty acids!
!
The following is true for Palmitate(16:0)!
1.it needs for ketone body synthesis( that was their exact phrasing)!
2.its synthesis requires NADH!
3. It is oxidized in the matrix.!
4.Its final degradation product can be propionyl CoA!
!
which enzyme can cause content modification of chylomicrones?!
1.lipoprotein lipase!
!
why when new FA are produced, there wont be FA degradation?!
!
what are true about obesity and patalogical states?!
1.drug for PPAR can diminish the fat synthesis!
2.drug for PPAR can diminish proinflammatory reactions by cytokines!
3.TNF-a?!
!
!
!
!

138

113
2014-2015

139
140
141

114
!

142

115
!

143

116
144

117
145

118
146

119
147

120
148

121
149

122
150

123
151

124
152

125
153

126
154

127
155

128
156

129
157

130
158

131
159

132
160

133
161

134
162

135
163

136
164

137
165

138
166

139
167

140
168

141
2014-2015

169
170
171

142
172

143
173

144
174

145
175

146
176

147
177

148
178

149
179

150
180

151
181

152
182

153
183

154
184

155
185

156
186

157
187

158
188

159
189

160
190

161
191

162
192

163
193

164
194

165
195

166
196

167
197

168
198

169
199

170
200

171
201

172
202

173
203

174
204

175
205

176
206

177
207

178
208

179
209

180
210

181
211

182
212

183
213

184
214

185
215

186
216

187
217

188
218

189
219

190
220

191
221

192
222

193
223

194
224

195
225

196
226

197
227

198
228

199
229

200
230

201
231

202
232

203
233

204
234

205
235

206
236

207
237

208
238

209
239

210
240

211
241

212
242

213