Pump System Hydraulic Design 5.33 5.7.2.1 Pump suction and discharge piping installation guidelines. Section 1.4 in the Hydraulic Institute (HD publication ANS/HI 1.1~1.5 (1994) and Chap. 6 in API Recomme- nded Practice 686 (1996) provide considerable discussion and many recommendations on the layout of piping for centrifugal pumps to help avoid the hydraulic problems discussed above. 5.7.2.2. Fluid velocity. ‘The allowable velocities of the fluid in the pump suction and dis- charge piping are usually in the following ranges: Suction: 3-9 ft/s (4-6 fi/s most common) 1.0-2.7 mis (1.2-1.8 m/s most common) 5-15 fils (7-10 ft/s most common) 15-45 m/s (2-3 m/s most common) Discharge Bear in mind that the velocities will vary for a given pump system because the operat- ing point on a pump curve (i.e., intersection of the pump curve with the system curve) varies for the following reasons: 1. Variation in static heads, as the water surface elevations in both the suction and dis- charge reservoirs vary Long-term variations in pipeline friction factors (Fig. 5.5) pos . Long-term deterioration in impeller (Fig. 5.7) B . Variation in the number of pumps operating in a multipump system (Fig. 5.8). ‘A suggested procedure for sizing the suction and discharge piping is as follows: . Select an allowable suction pipe fluid velocity of 3-5 ft/s (1.01.5 m/s) with all pumps operating at the minimum static head condition. As fewer pumps are used, the flow output of each individual pump will increase (typically by about 20 to 40 percent with ‘one pump operating compared to all pumps operating), with the resulting fluid veloc- ities in the suction piping also increasing to values above the 3-5 fis (1.0-1.5 m/s) nominal criteria. . Select an allowable discharge pipe fluid velocity of 5-8 f/s (1.5~2.4 m/s), also with all pumps operating at the minimum static head condition. As discussed above, as fewer pumps are used, the flow output of each individual pump will increase, with the result- ing fluid velocities in the discharge piping also increasing in values above the 5-8 ft/s (1.5-2.4 m/s) nominal criteria. 5.7.2.3 Design of pipe wall thickness (pressure design). Metal pipes are designed for pressure conditions by the equation for hoop tensile strength: =PD = OSE (5.34) yp where t = wall thickness, in or mm