剑桥雅思长难句解析50句

新东方在线雅思
剑桥雅思真题长难句解析 50 句
1. Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is
associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define
and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer—lexical as well as social and
commercial. （J5 T1P1）
参考译文：除了规范英语混乱状态的实际需要外，英语字典的兴盛也与英国中产阶级的兴
起有关。这些中产阶级渴望对各种要征服的环境进行定义和约束，包括词汇环境、社会环
境和商业环境。
2. A modem hard-core sociologist might even go so far as to claim that this
aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value
to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in
the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our
ancient animal ways. （J5 T1P2）
参考译文：典型的现代社会生物学家甚至会称这种侵略性的本能是作为一种优势特征进化
而来的，当我们的祖先在岩洞中和平原上与艰苦的生活作斗争时，这种本能对他们生存起
到了重要的作用。因此，这种本能最终作为远古时人类动物行为的遗留产物融入到我们的
基因当中。
语言点：主句是A modem hard-core sociologist might even go so far as to claim
that 引导宾语从句，having been of survival value和finding its way相当于
advantageous trait的定语，可以被替换成which has been of survival value和which
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has found its way。
3. One form of pollution—the release of greenhouse gases that causes global
warming—does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our
future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. ( C5T1P2)
参考译文：有一种污染，即由于排放温室气体所引起的全球变暖问题，似乎会在未来长期
存在，但其总效应却不大可能会带来特别严重的问题。
语言点：that引导定语从句，修饰phenomenon一词，extend well into our future是在
未来长期存在的意思。
4. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that
environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this
disjunction between perception and reality. ( C5T2P2)
参考译文：但是民意调查显示，许多人所持的观念认为环境质量标准在下降，造成这种事
实与人们观念间的差异的原因大致有四个。
语言点：nurture：培养，滋生，形成. Eg.It is important to nurture potentials in your
employees.培养员工的潜力是很重要的。
5. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland's major contribution to the field is not so
much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather
the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be
controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. ( C5T3P2)
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参考译文：从纯科学的角度讲，Baekeland对塑料这一领域的贡献并不在于他发现了酚醛
塑料这种以他名字命名的材料，而是在于控制苯酚和甲醛反应的方法，正是这种控制方法
使酚醛塑料可以进行大规模的商业制备。
语言点：1) not ... but rather...：不是……而是……
The problem is not lack of funding but lack of planning.
问题不是缺钱，而是缺乏计划。
2) not so much...as...：与其说……不如说……
She was not so much nervous as impatient for the journey to be over.
与其说是紧张，倒不如说她是迫不及待结束这次旅行。
They weren't so much islands as sandbars.
与其说那是些岛屿，不如说是沙洲。
6. Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on
to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the
twentieth century. ( C5T3P2)
参考译文：尽管起初Baekeland的发明受到人们的鄙视，但后来却受到前所未有的欢迎，
在20世纪前半叶一直都很流行。
语言点：1) disdain：鄙视，蔑视，鄙弃
look with disdain on the world of commerce and industry
鄙视工商界
his disdain for capitalism
他对资本主义的蔑视
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2) parallel的用法：
① 提供与……相似或相当之物
No one has paralleled his success in business.
在商业上没人能与他的成功匹敌。
② 与……相似；比得上
Your experiences parallels mine.
你的体验与我的差不多。
7. Both social and cognitive types of laughter tap into the same expressive
machinery in our brains, the emotion and motor circuits that produce smiles and
excited vocalizations. ( C5T3P3)
参考译文：无论是社交场合中的笑还是认知活动中的笑，都是我们大脑中的同一表达机制
在起作用。情感和运动神经网络令人微笑，并发出笑声。
语言点：tap into:(to make as much use as possible of the ideas, experience,
knowledge etc. that a group of people has) 利用，开发，开辟
helping people tap into training opportunities 帮助人们开发培训机会
8. All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in
reponse to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more
complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to
surroundings, but to their own thoughts. ( C5T3P3)
参考译文：所有的温血动物对外界变化的刺激都在不断地作出细微的调整，但人类由于拥
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有语言而有着更为复杂的内心世界活动，所以人类不仅会对周围的环境产生感情上的反
应，而且会对自身的思维产生感情上的反应。
语言点：
1)who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰humans。
2)adjust to的用法：
① adjust to sth.
It took me a few seconds to adjust to the darkness.
我过了一会儿才适应了黑暗。
② adjust to doing sth.
They have trouble adjusting to living in the suburb,
他们不太适应郊区的生活。
③ adjust oneself to sth.
I still can't adjust myself to motherhood.
我还不太适应母亲的身份。
adjust的名词为adjustment：a period of adjustment适应期，调整期
9. This growing concern about intellectual property rights was a feature of the
period—it reflected both the humanist notion of the individual, rational scientist
who invents and discovers through private intellectual labour, and the growing
connection between original science and commercial exploitation. ( C5T3P4)
参考译文：对知识产权的日益关注是那个时代的特征，这既反映出一种人文关怀，即对富
于理性的科学家个人通过自己的脑力劳动进行发明和发现的关怀，又体现出原创科学与商
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业化利用间日益紧密的联系。
语言点：
intellectual property知识产权
rational scientists引导的句子是individual的同位语，who引导定语从句修饰rational
scientists.
10. In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German
established itself as the leading European language of science.
参考译文：在接下来的一个世纪中，科技英语的这种发展势头却消失了，因为德语成为了
欧洲科学领域的主导语言。
语言点：
1) momentum
①冲力；势头
The momentum towards victory seems irreversible.
胜利的势头似乎不可逆转。
②动力
The meeting wilt develop a momentum that will overcome the obstacles,
会议将产生克服障碍的动力。
gain momentum=move faster
lose momentum=slow down
2)establish
①establish oneself as...确立地位；使承认
to make people accept that you can do something, or that you have a particular
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quality
He has three years to establish himself as Prime Minister.
他有三年的时间来证明自己胜任首相一职。
Her latest novel established her as a promising young writer.
她的新作使她被公认为年轻有为的作家。
②established已确认的；已被承认的
established rights已被确认的权利
well-established teaching methods广为承认的教学方式
established facts公认的事实
11. In an attempt to overcome that educational under-achievement, a nationwide
programme called "Headstart" was launched in the United States in 1965.
( C5T3P4)
参考译文：为了改变孩子学习不佳的状况，美国于1965年在全国开展了一项“先发优势”
计划。
语言点：attempt：尝试
All attempts to control inflation have failed.
所有控制通货膨胀的尝试都失败了。
In an attempt to diffuse the tension, I suggested that we break off for lunch.
为了缓和矛盾，我建议大家先去吃午饭。
an attempt on one’s life企图刺杀某人
12. The "Missouri" programme was predicated on research showing that working
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with the family, rather than bypassing the parents, is the most effective way of
helping children get off to the best possible start in life. ( C5T4P1)
参考译文：密苏里计划表明：与家长合作而不是绕过家长，是帮助孩子获得人生最佳起跑
点的最有效方式。
语言点：predicate
(1)使基于；使取决于，常用于be predicated on/upon sth.
Our policy is predicated on the belief that. . .
我们的政策基于这一信念，即……
(2)意味，暗示
His retraction predicates a change of attitudes.
他的退缩意味着他的态度有所变化。
13. There is growing evidence in New Zealand that children from poorer socio-
economic backgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that our
school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage. ( C5T4P1)
参考译文：在新西兰，有越来越多的例证表明家庭经济条件和社会背景不佳的孩子入学时
的发育就不是很充分，但我们的教育体系却似乎在延续这种劣势。
语言点：
(1)evidence
a mountain of evidence大量的证据
evidences of prosperity繁荣的迹象
show evidence of表明，证明
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in evidence到场；明显的，显著的
The police are always in evidence at football matches.
(2)perpetuate使永久；保持
perpetuate the species保持物种繁衍
They gave such lyrical names to almost every place they seized, thus perpetuating
their memory for ever.
他们每到一处就给那里取一个诗意的名字，以便使这段回忆成为永恒。
perpetual永恒的，永久的
perpetual search不断的寻找
perpetual imprisonment无期徒刑
14. Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams
at Aswan in th south of Egypt, which hold back virtually all of the sediment that
used to flow down the river. ( C5T4P1)
参考译文：到目前为止，人们一直在指责埃及南部阿斯旺的两座大坝，认为它们造成了三
角洲土地的流失，这两座大坝几乎将原来顺尼罗河直下的所有淤泥都阻挡住了。
语言点：blame
blame sth. on sb. 因某事责怪某人
One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.
有台电脑坏了，她责怪是我干的。
The crash was blamed on the pilot error.
空难的责任被归咎为驾驶员的失误。
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15. The farms on the delta plains and fishing and aquaculture in the lagoons
account for much of Egypt's food supply. ( C5T4P2)
参考译文：三角洲平原的农业和泻湖地区的渔业和水产养殖业为埃及提供了大部分食物供
应。
语言点：account for
(1)提出理由，作出解释
That accounts for it. 原来是这么回事儿。
account for one’s actions为自己的行为作出解释
(2)导致，引起
Late frosts account for the poor fruit crop. 阵阵晚霜导致水果歉收。
(3)占
The region accounts for a large part of usable timber.
这个地区出产的木材占可用木材总量的大部分。
15. After years in the wilderness, the term "aritificial intelligence" (AI) seems
poised to make a comeback. ( C5T4P2)
参考译文：在失宠数年之后，“人工智能”这个词好像在准备着东山再起。
语言点：in the wilderness原来是指政治家在野的、不当政的，在这里是指人工智能遭遇
了很长一段时间的冷落。
comeback
(1)恢复，复原
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stage a comeback东山再起
Jazz music is making a comeback. 爵士乐又重新流行起来了。
(2)机智的回答，反驳
He could find no suitable comeback to the remark.
他找不到合适的言辞反驳那句话。
16. That said, different groups of researchers attacked different problems, from
speech recognition to chess playing, in defferent ways: AI unified the field in name
only. ( C5T4P3)
参考译文：说到这儿，需要指出的是，其实不同的研究小组解决不同的问题，包括从语音
识别到下棋等多方面，人工智能只是在名字上将这个领域统一了起来。
语言点：
1)关于say的一些用法
(1) having said that, used to say that, something is true in spite of what you have
just said: 说到这儿
The diet can make you slim without exercise. Having said that, however, exercise is
important too.
节食可以让你不锻炼也很苗条。但是说到这儿，锻炼当然也很重要。
(2)say to oneself心中暗想，思忖
I kept saying to myself that this wasn't really happening.
我一直在想这不是真的。
(3)to said后接宾语从句。意为：鉴于，就……而论
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The boy can play the piano quite well, to said that he is only ten.
就十岁孩子而言，他钢琴弹得不错。
2)attack在这里的意思是“干劲十足地着手做某事”
How would you attack the unemployment problems?
你将如何着手解决失业问题呢?
17. By the late 1980s, the term AI was being avoided by many researchers, who
opted instead to align themselves with specific sub-disciplines such as neural
networks, agent technology, case-based reasoning, and so on.
参考译文：到了20世纪80年代晚期，许多研究人员都避免使用人工智能这个词。这些研究
人员转而称自己从事的是一些具体分支学科的研究，如神经网络、智能主体技术和个案推
理等等。( C5T4P3)
语言点：
1) opt
(1) opt for做出选择
opt for a candidate选择候选人
He has opted to be on the side of the poor.
他选择站在穷人这边。
(2) opt out of决定退出；决定不参加
opt out of politics决定退出政界
2) align
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align with与……结盟
align with friendly nations against common enemy
与友邦结盟反对共同的敌人
18 . You design the model to make that time, ... A start of this much, each free-
swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke
length, with turns done in these times. ( C6T1P1)
参考译文：人们设计一种模式以达到预期的速度，该模式规定了出发时间的长短、每次划
水的速率、一定的划频和划距、转身所需的时间等等。
注意：代词 this 和 that, these 等所指代的东西，需要通过上下文理解掌握。本句话中代词
指的是“竞赛模式”下所预期的时间、速度等。
语言点：
(1)stroke(划船，游泳等)一划
butterfly stroke 蝶泳 sidestroke 侧泳 breaststroke 蛙泳 backstroke 仰泳
(2)frequency 频率
the number of times that something happens within a particular period of time or
within a particular group of people
① frequency of
the frequency of serious road accidents 重大道路交通事故的发生频率 ② the
high/low frequency (of something) 高/低频率
the higher frequency of diabetes in older people 老年人中的糖尿病高发频率
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Side effects from prescribed drugs are being reported with increasing frequency.
处方药的副作用遭到越来越多的报道。
19. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost
every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never
much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders. ( C6T1P2)
参考译文：外国产品几乎在各国市场中都扮演着愈加重要的角色，产品范围广及肉类制品到
机械设备，国外市场也正在吸引着那些从来不曾关心其商品在国外销路的企业。
注：此句话是复合句，包含一个定语从句。that 后面是定语从句，修饰 businesses。
语言点：
(1)playa role：起作用
Genetics clearly play a rote. 遗传学显然同选种病有关。
(2)tempt：引诱 to try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem
attractive
He was tempted into making a false step. 他被引诱而做了一件傻事。
(3)beyond：超过 on or to the further side of something
Beyond the river, cattle were grazing. 越过河水，牛在吃草。
2. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in
shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade
may lose its advantages.
参考译文：廉价劳动力可以使中国的纺织品在美国市场上极具竞争力，而一旦货运的延迟占
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用了流动资金，并导致冬大衣直至来春才运达目的地，那么这笔交易将会失去其竞争优势。
注：此复合句中包含有两层关系，第一层是 but 所表示的转折关系，而第二层是由 if 引导
的条件状语从句。转折关系包含着条件关系，因此要分清主次。
语言点：
(1)delay：延误 to make someone or something late
a. delay something until something
The opening of this section of the road is delayed until September. 道路项目的开始
时间被推迟到九月。
b. delay something for something
Our meeting was delayed for ten minutes. 我们的会议被推迟了十分钟。
c. delay doing something
Big companies often delay paying their bills. 大公司经常拖欠交纳各项账单。
(2)capital；资产 money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or
to produce more wealth
The government is eager to attract foreign capital.政府期望吸引外资。
20. Computer software can be 'exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply
by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates
and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to
make the product. ( C6T1P2)
参考译文：计算机软件的“出口”甚至不需要装运，而仅仅通过电话线就可以在各国之间传
输。因此，在选定制造地点时，货运费用和货物装卸表已成为无关紧要的因素。
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语言点：
(1)export：出口 to sell goods to another country; <反>import：进口
The company exports tuna to the US. 公司向美国出口吞拿鱼。
(2)transmit v. 传输，转送
a. to send out electronic signals, messages etc. using radio, television, or other
similar equipment
The US Open will be transmitted live via satellite. 美国网球公开赛将通过卫星进行直
播。
The system transmits information over digital phone lines. 系统通过数字电话线传输
信息。
b. transmit something (from somebody/something), to somebody/something
Mathematical knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student. 数学知识通过老师
传授给学生。
(3)insignificant：无关紧要的 too small or unimportant to consider or worry about
You will realize that your problems are insignificant in comparison. 通过比较你会发
觉你的问题显得微不足道。
21. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that
the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and
when they do strike, it is much later in life. ( C6T2P2)
参考译文：本月即将发布的一项持续长达 14 年的研究结果显示，遭受老龄疾病折磨的人
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越来越少，即使是真的发病，年龄也向后推迟了不少。
语言点：
(1)announce 的用法：
① to state or make known, especially publicly: 公布
They announced the death of their mother in the local paper. 他们在当地的一家报
纸上公布了母亲去世的消息。
②[+that]
The Prime Minister has announced that public spending will be increased next
year. 总理宣布明年将增加公共开支。
③ to show that something is going to happen: 表明某事将发生
The first few leaves in the gutter announced the beginning of autumn. 水沟里新落
的几片叶子预示着秋天的到来。
(2)reveal 的用法：
① to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously
secret: 展示令人吃惊的东西或保密的东西
He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians. 他因为向俄国人泄秘而入狱。
②[+that]
Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought. 她的自传显
示她并不像人们想象中的那样富有。
③ [+question word]
He would not reveal where he had hidden her basket. 他不愿透露他把她的篮子藏在
了哪里。
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④ to allow something to be seen that, until then, had been hidden: 使人们看到之
前被隐藏的东西
A gap in the clouds revealed the Atlantic far below. 云层间的空隙使远处的大西洋映
入眼帘。
(3)afflict：使人或事物痛苦
It is an illness which afflicts women more than men. 患这种病的女性比男性多。
affliction：痛苦 something that makes you suffer
Malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor. 营养不良是穷人最常见的
痛苦之一。
22. According to Manton, slowing the trend has saved the United States
government's Medicare system more than$200 billion, suggesting that the greying
of America's population may prove less of a financial burden than expected.
( C6T2P2)
参考译文：曼顿表示，减缓(人口老龄化)这一趋势为美国政府的医疗保险系统节省了 2,000
多亿美元的开支，这意味着美国人口老龄化所带来的经济负担可能不像人们想象的那样沉
重。
语言点：
( 1 ) suggest:
① to communicate or show an idea or feeling without stating it directly or giving
proof: 间接表达某一看法
There's no absolute proof, but all the evidence suggests (that) he's guilty. 现在没有
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绝对的证据，但所有证据倾向于显示他有罪。
②to produce an idea in the mind：脑子里产生想法
Does anything suggest itself(= Have you got any ideas about what we should do)?
我们要干什幺，你有谱吗?
(2)有关 grey 的常用词组：
grey area：不明了的形势，规则不明晰的场合 a situation which is not clear or where
the rules are not known
The difference between gross negligence and recklessness is a legal grey area. 疏
忽大意与鲁莽行为之间的差异属于法律上的灰色区域。
(3)burden 的其他用法：
①burden of proof：举证责任
②burden v. 加负担于某人
I don't want to burden (= trouble) you with my problems. 我不想让你因我的问题惹
麻烦。
burdensome：烦累的 causing difficulties or work
a burdensome task 艰难的任务
23. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative
daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that
make a go of the night-hunting trade. ( C7T1P1)
参考译文：鉴于有些生物要在夜间谋生，并且白天的猎物资源都已经被占用，自然选择最终
使蝙蝠们在夜间捕猎行当里大显身手。
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语言点：
(1)given that...鉴于；考虑到；如果
Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.
在缺乏经验的情况下，他们已经算做得不错了。
与 given that 功能相似的原因连接词还有：seeing that, now that, considering that,
inasmuch as, insomuch as, in that
(2)favour 的用法：
favour 作为名词的用法：
do sb. a favour 帮某人忙
fall from favour 失宠
under favour of night 在夜幕的掩护下
gain favour with sb. 赢得某人的欢心
favours over prices 价格优惠
a man who acts only in his own favour 只为自己着想的人
favour 作为动词的用法：
Kindly favour us with an early reply. 请早日回复。
He was favoured with intelligence. 他天赋聪明。
She favoured his cause with ample funds. 她慷慨解囊资助他的事业。
A teacher should not favour any of his pupils. 老师不应该偏袒任何一个学生。
Good weather favours the harvesting. 好天气有助于收割。
24. The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn't know it then, but all the world now
20
knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the
system tens of millions of years earlier, and their "radar" achieves feats of
detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration.
( C7T1P1)
参考译文：当时的雷达声呐技术先驱们毫不知情，但现在所有人都明白了正是蝙蝠，或者说
是自然选择在蝙蝠身上的鬼斧神工，早在几百万年前就已经使这种技术达到完美境界，蝙蝠
的“雷达”在探测及导航方面取得的完美成果足以让人类工程师佩服到哑口无言。
语言点：
(1)perfect作为动词的用法：
·使完美；改善：提高：go to England to perfect one's English为提高英语水平而去英国
·使完全；使完成：perfect a plan实现计划
·使精通；使娴熟：perfect oneself in every aspect of one's job使自己对工作各方面都
得心应手
(2)strike sb. dumb(或strike sb. speechless)使某人哑口无言；使某人目瞪口呆
Your audacity would strike your family dumb. 你的胆大妄为会让你家人目瞪口呆的。
25. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative
layout of pipes and wall-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much
water per person as is provided in many pats of the industrial world today. ( C7T1P2)
参考译文：在罗马帝国鼎盛时期，人们修建了 9 条主要水利系统，其疏水管道和污水管道均
以革新的方式铺设，为城区居民提供用水。当时罗马城内居民人均用水量和现今工业社会很
21
多地区的人均用水量相当。
语言点：
(1)at the height of 在……的鼎盛时期；达到高峰 height 顶峰，顶点
The movement reached the height that year. 运动在那一年达到了高潮。
They take their holidays in the height of summer. 他们在盛夏时节休恨。
It would be the height of folly for us to accede to their unreasonable demands.
如果我们答应他们的不合理要求，那我们就蠢到极点了。
(2)as 作连词的用法
a. as…as
as…as 意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个 as 为副词，第二个 as
为连词。
其肯定式结构为：as+adj. /adv. +as。
This book is as interesting as that one. 这本书和那本一样有趣。
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine. 你的钢笔写起来和我的一样流畅。
其否定式结构为： not as/so 十 adj. /adv. +as。
This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
若有 twice, three times, half， a quarter 等修饰成分，则须置于第一个 as 之前。
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的袋子比我的贵一倍。
b. 几个关于 as...as 的常见句型：
·as…as possible: Please answer my question as soon as possible. 请尽快回答我的问
题。
·as…as usual/before: She looks as pretty as before. 她看起来和以前一样漂亮。
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·as long as…(引导条件状语从句)：It look us as long as three years to carry out the
plan.
我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。
· as far as：He walked as tar as the railway station yesterday evening.
昨天晚上，他一直散步到火车站。
·as well as：She cooks as well as her mother does. 她做菜做得和她母亲一样好。
26. Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion by insisting that
the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three times a day before meals,
Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the suggestopedic session be conducted
exactly in the manner designated, by trained and accredited suggestopedic
teachers. ( C7T1P3)
参考译文：正如医生充分利用权威暗示的力量，要求病人必须每天三次餐前服用某种白色胶
囊一样，Lozanov 也坚决要求暗示教学法一定要按照事先指定好的方式进行，并且要由培
训过的合格教师来执行。分析：这是一个类比结构，just as 引导比较状语从句，主语是 a
doctor，谓语是 call on, the full power or autocratic suggestion 是宾语，后面的 insist
接的是宾语从句 that the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three
times a day before meals。宾语从句中的主语是 patient，谓语是 take，宾语是 this white
capsule, three times a day before meals 在句中作状语。主句的主语是 Lozanov, is
categoric 是表语，insist 后面再次接了宾语从句，在这里 suggestopedic session be
conducted 是省略了 should 的虚拟语气。原句应该是 that the suggestopedic session
should be conducted。
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语言点：
(1)just as 的用法
just as 表示类比，意为“正如”。
Just human cultures have changed inevitably with the passing of time, so has the
environment.
正如人类文明会随着时间的推移而不可避免地改变一样，环境也在变化着
常用结构：just as…so…意为“就像……一样，……也”
Just as you sow. so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
Just as you hate math, so I dislike chemistry. 就像你不喜欢数学一样，我不喜欢化学。
(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在下列动词后所接的宾语从句中，谓语一般为省略 should 的虚拟语气：
ask/advise/beg/command /demand / decide / deserve / desire / determine / insist
/ move (动议：提议)/ order / prefer / propose /require / recommend / request /
suggest / urge I suggest we finish this first. 我建议我们先把这份工作做完。
27. Another strange feature about Japanese pagoda is that, because the building
tapers, with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of
the vertical pillars that carry the weight of the building is connected to its
corresponding pillar above. ( C7T2P1)
参考译文：日本宝塔另外一个奇怪特征就是没有一根承重立柱能和上层相应的立柱连在一
起，这是因为日本宝塔每一层的楼层面都比下一层的要小，宝塔于是从下往上逐渐变细。
语言点分析：
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本句的主干成分是一个表语从句，主语是 another strange feature about Japanese
pagoda, is 是系动词，that 引导表语从句，because 引导表语从句中的原因状语，表语从
句的主语是 none of the vertical pillars，其后的 that 引导定语从句，表语从句的谓语是
is connected to. 宾语是 its corresponding pillar above。with each successive floor
plan being smaller than the one below 是一个由 with 引导的独立主格结构，作为 the
building tapers 这个句子的原因状语存在。
28. It would have been to criticize the MIRTP for using in the early phases a "top-
down" approach, in which decisions were made by experts and officials before
being handed down to communities, but it was necessary to start the process from
the level of the governmental authorities of the district. ( C7T2P3)
参考译文：由于项目初期采用了上级命令下级执行的办法，即没有经过当地社区同意，专家
和政府官员们就作出了决定，马科特乡村一体化交通项日遭到了很多批评，但是从政府层次
开始贯彻实施该项目又是很有必要的。
语言点：
It 实际上是形式主语，这句话真正的主语是不定式 to criticize the MIRTP for using in the
early phases a “top-down” approach，在这个主语后面，in which 引导定语从句，解
释什么是 a top-down approach，定语从句的主语是 decisions，谓语是被动语态 were
made, before being handed down to communities 等同于 before decisions were
handed down to communities。
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29. Among these, the world of the ant has come in for considerable scrutiny lately,
and the idea that ants demonstrate sparks of cognition has certainly not been
rejected by those involved in these investigations. ( C7T3P1)
参考译文：其中蚂蚁世界就在最近成了主要的观察对象。蚂蚁显示出一定认知力的观点也
得到了研究人员的肯定。
注意：两个代词these所指代的信息需要通过上下文来判断，一般原则为“遇指代，向前
看一句”。本句中所指的分别是“昆虫界”和“调查研究”。
语言点：
(1)句型分析
本句后一个分句中，由the idea引导的主语从句造成句子头重脚轻，给考生理解句意带来
了困难，需要首先辨识出来。该分句的主干为：The idea has certainly not been
rejected by those.
(2)词义辨析
considerable adj. fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be
important
We've saved a considerable amount of money. 我们存了数目可观的一笔钱。
considerate adj. always thinking of what other people need or want and being
careful not to upset them it was very considerate of you to let us know you were
going to be late. 你考虑得非常用到，能够提前告诉我们你会迟到。
(3) demonstrate a. v. to show or prove something clearly
The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition. 这项研究表明
了贫穷和营养不良之间的联系。
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b. v. to show or describe how to do something or how something works
They'll be demonstrating how to handle modem, high performance cars. 他们将演
示如何操纵现代的高性能汽车。
c. v. to protest or support something in public with a lot of other people
Supporters demonstrated outside the courtroom during the trial. 在审判期间，支
持者在法庭外示威游行。
30. Their fungus farming and aphid herding crafts are sophisticated when
compared to the agricultural skills of humans five thousand years ago but have
been totally overtaken by modem human agribusiness. ( C7T3P1)
参考译文：它们培育真菌、饲养蚜虫的技术和五千年前的人类农耕技术相比还算成熟，但
却被人类现代的农业综合企业远远超越。
语言点：
(1)句型分析：
这句话的主语中心语为crafts, but前后分别为系表结构和被动结构。
(2) sophisticated
a. adj. having a lot of experience of life, and good judgment about socially
important things such as art, fashion etc.
b. adj. a sophisticated machine, system, method etc. is very welt designed and
very advanced, and often works in a complicated way
c. adj. having a tot of knowledge and experience of difficult or complicated
subjects and therefore able to understand them well
27
British voters have become much more sophisticated. 英国的选民变得更加世故了。
(3) be overtaken by something
She was overtaken by emotion and started to cry. 她无法控制自己的感情，开始哭了
起来。
31. Whereas prehistoric man had no exposure to urban lifestyle—the forcing
house of intelligence—the evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban
settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining
underground cities of specialised chambers and tunnels. ( C7T3P1)
参考译文：史前人类没有机会接触城市化的生活方式——这一孕育智能的温床。而证据表
明，蚂蚁已经在城市环境中生存了将近一亿年了，建造并维持着由特殊的洞穴和隧道构成
的地下城市。
语言点：
(1) exposure to: the chance to experience new ideas, ways of life etc.
The visit to Germany gave them exposure to the language. 他们的德国之旅使他们
接触到了这种语言。
(2) setting adj. the place where something is or where something happens, and
the general environment an old farmhouse in a beautiful setting美丽环境中的古老
农舍.
32. Thus, by comparing the Gm allotypes of two different populations(eg. two
Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic 'distance', which itself can be
28
calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these populations last
interbred. ( C7T3P2)
参考译文：所以，通过对比两类不同人群的 Gm 同种异型(比如两个印第安人部落)人们可以
建立各自的“遗传距”，距离本身可以调整，从而可以给出一些信息，提示此族群自从最后
一次通婚混血以来经过了多长时间。
语言点：
(1)compare v. 比较
a. compare... with...
The police compared the suspect's fingerprints with those found at the crime scene.
警察将犯罪嫌疑人的指纹同在犯罪现场所发现的指纹做了对比。
b. compare... to...
Davies' style of writing has been compared to Dickens'. 戴维的写作风格同蒂克的风
格一致。
32. Greenberg is in a minority among fellow linguist, most of whom favour the
notion of a great many waves of migration to account for the more than 1,000
languages spoken at one time by American Indians. ( C7T3P2)
参考译文：格林伯格是同时代语言学家中的少数派，而大多数语言学家都赞成这样一种观点：
一波又一波的移民浪潮是解释那一时期北美印第安人讲 1000 多种语言的唯一依据。
语言点：
(1) he in the/a minority: to form less than half of a group
Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.
29
(2) account for
a. to form a particular amount or part of something Afro-Americans account for 12%
of the US population.
b. to be the reason why something happens Recent pressure at work may account
for his behavior.
c. to give a satisfactory explanation of why something has happened Can you
account for your movements on that night?
33. Although forest rims do not affect all of Europe to the same extent, the
amount of damage caused the experts to propose as the third resolution that the
Strasbourg conference consider the establishment of a European databank on the
subject. ( C7T3P3)
参考译文：虽然森林大火对欧洲各国的影响程度不同，但是其破坏力却让专家们提出第三
个决议：斯特拉斯堡会议应该考虑就此主题建立一个欧洲数据库。
语言点：
(1) to ... extent: used to say how true something is or how great an effect or
change is I do agree with him to an extent.
Its success will depend to a large extent on local attitudes.
34. Over the next few decades average catches steadily increased as a result of this
policy of sustainable management, until, during the 1990s, annual harvests were
30
well in excess of 100 million, and on several occasions over 200 million fish. ( C7T4P2)
参考译文：在可持续捕捞政策的管理下，接下来的几十年里，大马哈鱼的产量平稳上升。
20世纪90年代，大马哈鱼的年产量超过1亿条，个别年份甚至超过了2亿条。
语言点：
(1) as a result of sth. : in consequence of something
As a result of the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
(2) in excess of sth. : more than a particular amount
The car reached speeds in excess of 100 miles per hour.
35. The fishermen know the approximate time of year when they will be allowed
to fish, but on any given day, one or more field biologists in a particular area can
put a halt to fishing. ( C7T4P2)
参考译文：渔民们知道一年中政府允许捕捞的大概时间段。但是在某些特定的日子，某个
地区的一个或多个领域的生物学家有权要求停止捕鱼活动。( C8T1P1)
语言点：
(1) approximate: close to the exact number, amount etc. , but could be a little bit
more or less than it.
(2) put/call a halt to: to stop an activity from continuing
I urge those responsible to call a halt to the violence.
36. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by
the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the
31
lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar
year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution
around the sun. ( C8T1P1)
参考译文：日历的编排基于三个自然周期：以由地球绕地轴自转形成的连续的光明与黑暗
为标记的太阳日；以由月球环绕地球公转形成的月相来衡量的太阴月；以及根据地球绕太
阳公转形成的四季来定义的回归年。
语言点：
(1)句型分析：
此句较长，理解时要注意抓住主干They based their calendars on three natural
cycles：the solar day, the lunar month, and the solar year，即“日历的编排基于三个
自然周期：太阳日、太阴月和回归年”。其余部分都是对这三个术语的解释说明，理解时
要避免受到干扰。
(2)base...on…以……为基础
Their relationship was based on mutual respect. 他们的关系建立在相互尊重的基础
上。
37. The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending
weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around
for at least 1,300 years ) that transferred the power; it was the part called the
escapement. ( C8T1P1)
参考译文：这种新型计时器所具有的革命意义既不在于依靠向下的重力提供起动力，也不
在于依靠齿轮(至少有1300年的使用历史)传递动力，而在于它使用了一个叫做擒纵机构棘
32
轮装置的部件。
语言点：
(1)句型分析：
认清句子核心结构是理解的关键。由于用neither...nor...这个否定结构连接，分号前的
descending weight和the gear wheels都不是真正的revolutionary aspect。该句的重点
是分号后面的the part called escapement，理解时要分辨清楚。
(2)neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither riches nor honours can corrupt him; neither poverty nor humbleness can
make him swerve from principle; and neither threats nor forces can subdue him.
富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。
38. This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers
would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be
ground and polished. ( C8T2P1)参考译文：该工艺可以连续不断地制造几乎各种厚度的
玻璃，但是滚轴会在玻璃板的两面都留下痕迹，这就需要对玻璃进行打磨、抛光。
语言点：
(1)句型分析：
该句逻辑关系较复杂，共有三个部分先转折、后并列。最后一个并列部分中出现指代关系
词these，指代对象并不是the rollers而是glass上的marks。
(2)leave sth+adj.这个结构表示让某物保持某种形态、位置、状况等。如：
You've left your lights on. 你走的时候没关灯。
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She must have left the phone off the hook. 她肯定是没挂好电话。
38. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular
seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by
complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the
ocean. ( C8T2P2)
参考译文：然而，小冰期远非一个深度冰冻期，它实际上是由大气与海洋之间复杂难解的
相互作用引起的、持续期普遍短于25年的一系列不规则气候剧变的集合。
语言点：
(1)句型分析：
该句结构较复杂。however为插入成分，表示整句话为前一句的转折，该句主干即为
however 之前的部分。rather结构作为far from结构的并列部分，起到说明作用。在此并
列结构中插入一个现在分词短语(few lasting...)，用两个逗号隔开，用于修饰rapid
climatic shifts。
(2)far from sth这个结构表达的意思是“something very different is true or
happens”；例如：Conditions are still far from ideal. 条件远远算不上理想。
39. If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air 'all the way up to a storm
could, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the
electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an uncontrollable
surge. ( C8T2P2)
34
参考译文：如果激光器能够生成一条直达暴雨云的离子线，就可以在闪电电场增强为一股
无法控制的涌流并击破空气之前，用这条传导通道把电荷引导到地面上来。
语言点：状语从句——条件状语从句条件状语从句的连接词主要有：if, unless, as/so
long as, on condition that等。此处为if引导的条件状语从句.
40. Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these
studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching
by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical
development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in
their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognised by teachers
and schools. ( C8T2P2)
参考译文：或许现在对于我们来说，大部分对天才的研究中包含以下两个最重要的方面：
其一，早期教育中父母和教师对孩子进行的频繁的鼓励和教导对孩子在智力、艺术或音乐
方面的发展是有益的，但这也给孩子以后对生活的适应方面带来了巨大的困难；其二，老
师和学校常常认识不到孩子所具备的才能。
语言点：which引导的定语从句
例句：Proper monitoring of the media prevents indecent materials which will be
harmful to children's growth.
对媒体恰当的监控阻止了有害于孩子们成长的不健康材料的出现。
(which在从句中作主语。)
Military life creates hero worship which may do harm to youngsters.
军旅生活会产生对年轻人有害的英雄崇拜主义。
35
(which在从句中作主语。)
There is an urgent need to censor the net to remove inappropriate materials
which children have online access to.
现在迫切需要监督网络，以消除孩子可以在网上看到的不当材料。
(which在从句中作宾语。)
41. What we appreciate, enjoy or marvel at in the works of genius or the
achievements of prodigies are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are
similar to, but so much superior to, our own. ( C8T2P2)
参考译文：天才的作品或神童的成就令人欣赏、喜爱和惊叹之处在于其体现了他们的技能
和本领，这些技能和本领虽然与我们的相似，但远远高于我们的水平。
语言点：what引导的名词性从句
例句：What happened was my fault.
所发生的事是我的错。(主语从句)
People do not know what will happen to minority languages under the
pressure of English globalization.
人们不知道在英语全球化的压力下少数民族语言会怎样。(宾语从句)
42. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or
hedgehogs ) live much longer than those which are always active. The metabolic
rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger diet).
36
They then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. ( C8T2P3)
参考译文：有些能通过冬眠或嗜睡来保存能量的动物(例如蝙蝠或刺猬)通常比那些总是很
活跃的动物活得更长久。老鼠的代谢速率可以通过减少食物消耗量(饥饿饮食法)来降低，
他们的寿命可能比那些平日吃饱喝足的同类寿命长一倍。
语言点：比较状语从句
常用引导词：as…as…(同级比较)，…than&…(不同程度的比较)
例句：Our future cities and habitats should be as advanced and comfortable as
scientific and social advances allow them.
我们未来的城市和栖息地应该在科学和社会进步容许的情况下尽可能先进而舒适。
Breeding animals in zoos is more successful in the sense of animal protection than
leaving them in the wild. 从保护动物的意义上来说，在动物园中饲养动物比把它们留在
野外更好。
43. By the mid-1960s, the situation took an alarming turn with the outbreak of
four more new pests, necessitating pesticide spraying to such an extent that 500/0
of the financial outlay on cotton production was accounted for by pesticides.
( C8T4P2)
参考译文：到 20 世纪 60 年代中期，情况变得越发令人不安，又出现了四种新害虫，使得
喷洒农药的费用占到了棉花生产费用的 50％。
语言点：句中的 with the outbreak of four more new pests 作原因状语。
介词 with 的副词作用：
1. with+宾语+现在分词或短语
37
This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to
vandalism.
这篇文章主要讲的是常见的社会问题，尤其关注破坏公物的行为。
2. with+宾语+过去分词或短语
With different techniques used, different results can be obtained.
随着使用技术的不同，结果也有所不同。
3. with+宾语+形容词或短语
With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have
become rusty easily.
由于房间里满是水蒸气，有些铁质器具很容易就生锈了。
4. with+宾语+介词短语
With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious.
他衬衫上别着校徽，看起来相当严肃。
5. with+宾语+副词虚词
You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.
你不能让机器就那么开着。
44. In the face of the escalating perils from indiscriminate applications of
pesticides, a more effective and ecologically sound strategy of biological control,
involving the selective use of natural enemies of the pest population, is fast
gaining popularity -- though, as yet, it is a new field with limited potential.
( C8T4P2)
38
参考译文：滥用农药所带来的危害日益加剧。面对这种情况，一种更加行之有效而健全的
生态策略，即生物防虫法，就越来越受欢迎。这种策略主要是有选择性地使用害虫的天
敌。尽管迄今为止，这一新领域潜力有限，但是受欢迎程度还是与日俱增。
语言点：
(1)face的用法：
1)face可以作及物动词，表示“面朝，正对；正视”的意思，如：
The building faces the square. 房子正对着广场。
He faced death with courage. 他英勇地面对死亡。
除了作及物动词，face也有不及物动词的用法，如：
Our house faces towards the south. 但是一般直接说Our house faces south.
2)face的常见词组：
face to face面对面地
lose face丢面子
in the face of在……的面前；不顾
例如：They fought on in the face terrible odds. 尽管力屈势穷，他们还是继续战斗。
(2)yet的用法：
1)副词用法：
yet作副词时常常用于否定句中，如：
a yet unfinished task一项尚未完成的任务
It isn't dark yet. 天还没有黑。
在疑问句中，yet常常表示“已经”，如：
Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?
39
当yet与最高级连用时，表示“迄今为止”，如：
That's the best suggestion yet. 那是迄今为止最好的建议。
yet作副词还有“仍然；还”的意思
There is hope for me yet. 我还有希望。
2)连词用法：
yet作连词时，是“然而；可是”的意思，如：
He said he would be late, yet he arrived on time.
他说他会迟到，然而却准时到了。
3)词组as yet表示“迄今为止”，如：
No one, as yet, is suspicious. 迄今为止，还没有人生疑。
45. Collecting ants can be as simple as picking up stray ones and placing them in a
glass jar, or as complicated as completing an exhaustive survey of all species
present in an area and estimating their relative abundances. ( C8T4P3)
参考译文：收集蚂蚁可以很简单，将一只只单独行动的蚂蚁捡起放入玻璃罐中即可。这个
过程也可以很复杂，比如完成对一个地区所有物种的详细调查，并且判断它们的相对丰富
度。
语言点：动名词作主语
例句：Switching jobs too frequently may ruin one's career.
换工作太频繁会毁了一个人的事业。
Working at home isolates employees from corporate culture.
40
在家工作使员工与公司文化隔离开来。
在下列 it 作形式主语或 there 引导的句子中，动名词作逻辑主语。
It is no use (no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time 等名词)+doing sth
It is good(nice, interesting, useless 等形容词)+doing sth
There is no point(use, sense, good等名词)+doing sth
例句：It's simply a waste of time and money playing computer games.
玩电脑游戏就是浪费时间和金钱。
He is a stubborn man, so it is no point negotiating with him.
他是个固执的人，所以跟他谈没用。
There is no point making a fuss of high payment of athletes and entertainers
because it is an inevitable outcome of market economy.
对运动员和演员的高报酬大题小做没有意义，因为这是市场经济不可避免的结果。
46. Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a
life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well
not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to
communicate with it.
( C9T1P1)
参考译文：第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似，如果形式完
全不同，那么我们可能不会把它看作是一种生命形式，更不用说能否与它进行交流了。
语言点：
(1)在这句话中第一个that引导同位语从句，修饰assumption；第二个that引导定语从
41
句，修饰a life form。Since引导原因状语从句，修饰前面整个句子。If引导条件状语从
句，修饰we may well not这句话。
(2) recognise sth. as sth. 认为…是…
Apart from在这里引导介词结构，对原因状语从句中提到的we may well not recognise
it as a life form进行补充说明，而whether we are able to communicate with it则是介
词from的宾语。此处应将apart from译为“更不用说”。
47. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way)，
and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at
least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best
educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the
conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100，
000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. ( C9T1P2)
参考译文：然而，当我们观测银河系中的1，000亿颗恒星和可见宇宙中的1，000亿个星
系的时候，很难相信这些星球中没有一个有生命存在。事实上，凭借我们仅有的一点对碳
基生命的了解，我们所能做出的最有根据的推测是，或许每十万个恒星中的一个会有孕育
着生命的行星围绕着它运转。
语言点：分号将这个长句子一分为二：(1)前半部分，when引导时间状语从句，it则是形式
主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。At least one of these planets does not have a
life form on it等同于none of these planets has a life form on it，与表语
inconceivable形成双重否定表示肯定的句型结构，所以应翻译为“很难相信这些星球中没
有一个有生命存在”。
42
(2)分号后面的句子中，主语是the best educated guess, we can make是省略了关系代
词that的定语从句，修饰guess, using the little that we do know about the
conditions for carbon-based life是现在分词结构作方式状语，修饰guess；在这个句子
结构中，that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life是定语从句，
修饰前面的little, little在这里相当于little information, do则起强调作用。主句的谓语动
词是leads us to estimate，后面的that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是one in 100，
000 stars，谓语动词是might have，宾语是a life-bearing planet, orbiting it是现在分
词结构作定语，修饰a life-bearing planet，而这里的it则呼应one in 100，000 stars。
48. It's not important then, if there's a delay for a few years, or decades, while the
human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts
a replay. ( C9T1P3)
参考译文：就这一点而言，当人类在争论是否要做出回应时，或者在精心起草回应内容的
时候，再耽误个几年甚至几十年也没关系。
语言点：
(1)It是形式主语，真正的主语是if面的整个句子，while在这里引导时间状语从句，
debates和drafts并列。
(2)While可以引导让步状语从句、时间状语从句，也与分词搭配构成非限定小句或无动词
小句。
注意：时间状语从句在一定语境下，可以表示条件、原因或理由。例如：
He became very lonely. He's always like that when he's away from home.
他感到很孤寂；当他离家在外时，他总有那种感觉。
43
这里的when he's away from home既可以被理解为他孤寂的原因，也可以理解为动作发
生的时间。
49. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their
dose cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted
to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don't even come ashore
to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything
equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. ( C9T1P3)
参考译文：鲸鱼(包括我们称作海豚的小鲸鱼)和儒艮，与它们的同类动物海牛一样不再是
陆地动物，而完全恢复了与老祖先一样的海洋生活习惯，它们甚至都不上岸繁殖。它们虽
然仍呼吸空气，却没有进化出类似于鳃这样的早期海洋生物的器官。
语言点：
(1)句型分析：最后一句中having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of
their earlier marine incarnation是对现在分词完成时态的使用。例如：
Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional
knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this
wisdom, increasingly referred to as 'Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit'，or IQ.因纽特人在当地
生活了几百年，他们相信传统知识的财富对于这项任务的完成至关重要。西方的科学家们
也开始逐渐吸收借鉴传统知识。(Cambridge IELTS 6，Test 1，Reading Passage 3)
(2)cease to do sth. 停止做某事，多指长时间甚至永远停止做某事，例如：
The dying man soon ceased to breathe. 那垂死的人很快停止了呼吸。
44
cease doing sth. 停止某事，多指短时间停止做某事，以后还会接着做，例如：
cease talking停止谈话
(3)revert to sth. 回复原状；恢复原来的做法，例如：
He felt as though he was reverting to his adolescence. 他感觉自己好像回到了青春
期。
在生物学上，revert专指“回复突变；返祖遗传”。例如：
This creature has reverted permanently to the aquatic life of its ancestors.
这种生物经回复突变已像祖先那样永久生活在水里了。
50. Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can
have a major impact on their development of speech and communication,
resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to learn at school. ( C9T2P1)
参考译文：儿童的听觉障碍或其他听觉功能的缺陷会对他们的言语与交流能力的发展产生
重大的影响，导致他们在学校的学习能力也受到不利影响。
语言点：
句型分析：
Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children是主语，
have a major impact 0n是谓语，their development of speech and communication
是宾语，resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to learn at school是由现在
分词resulting引导的结果状语从句。这种用法在以往的剑桥真题中颇为常见，考生应该掌
握，并且可以尝试将这种句型用在作文中。
45
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剑桥雅思长难句解析50句

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剑桥雅思长难句解析50句

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新 东 方 在 线 雅 思

and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer—lexical as well as social and

commercial. （J5 T1P1）

2. A modem hard-core sociologist might even go so far as to claim that this

aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value

ancient animal ways. （J5 T1P2）

语言点：主句是A modem hard-core sociologist might even go so far as to claim

that 引导宾语从句，having been of survival value和finding its way相当于

advantageous trait的定语，可以被替换成which has been of survival value和which

has found its way。

3. One form of pollution—the release of greenhouse gases that causes global

warming—does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our

语言点：that引导定语从句，修饰phenomenon一词，extend well into our future是在

disjunction between perception and reality. ( C5T2P2)

语言点：nurture：培养，滋生，形成. Eg.It is important to nurture potentials in your

5. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland's major contribution to the field is not so

the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be

controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. ( C5T3P2)

语言点：1) not ... but rather...：不是……而是……

The problem is not lack of funding but lack of planning.

They weren't so much islands as sandbars.

twentieth century. ( C5T3P2)

look with disdain on the world of commerce and industry

his disdain for capitalism

No one has paralleled his success in business.

Your experiences parallels mine.

excited vocalizations. ( C5T3P3)

语言点：tap into:(to make as much use as possible of the ideas, experience,

knowledge etc. that a group of people has) 利用，开发，开辟

helping people tap into training opportunities 帮助人们开发培训机会

8. All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in

complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to

surroundings, but to their own thoughts. ( C5T3P3)

It took me a few seconds to adjust to the darkness.

② adjust to doing sth.

They have trouble adjusting to living in the suburb,

③ adjust oneself to sth.

I still can't adjust myself to motherhood.

adjust的名词为adjustment：a period of adjustment适应期，调整期

connection between original science and commercial exploitation. ( C5T3P4)

established itself as the leading European language of science.

The momentum towards victory seems irreversible.

gain momentum=move faster

lose momentum=slow down

①establish oneself as...确立地位；使承认

He has three years to establish himself as Prime Minister.

Her latest novel established her as a promising young writer.

well-established teaching methods广为承认的教学方式

11. In an attempt to overcome that educational under-achievement, a nationwide

programme called "Headstart" was launched in the United States in 1965.

All attempts to control inflation have failed.

an attempt on one’s life企图刺杀某人

(1)使基于；使取决于，常用于be predicated on/upon sth.

Our policy is predicated on the belief that. . .

His retraction predicates a change of attitudes.

school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage. ( C5T4P1)

show evidence of表明，证明

The police are always in evidence at football matches.

perpetuate the species保持物种繁衍

their memory for ever.

used to flow down the river. ( C5T4P1)

blame sth. on sb. 因某事责怪某人

One of the computers is broken and she's blaming it on me.

新东方在线雅思

the frequency of serious road accidents 重大道路交通事故的发生频率 ② the