4.

2 Preliminary Design of Foundation

4.2.1 Analysis of soil report:

4.2.1.1 Determination of corrected SPT (N value) and Design SPT value

Table: Determination of Design SPT value

Correction for
Correction Factor
Dialative
No Depth SPT Value(Field) Corrected SPT,N60 Soil Type γeff (kN/m3) σv, eff(kN/m3) for Overburden N1(60)
Tendany,
Pressure,CN
(N1(60))corr
1 1.5 10 9 Clay 18.2 27.23 1.44 13 13
2 3.00 9 8 Clay 8.2 39.52 1.31 10 10
3 4.5 12 10 Clay 8.5 52.26 1.22 12 12
4 6 19 16 Clay 9.4 66.35 1.14 18 18
5 7.5 11 9 Clay 8.3 78.86 1.08 10 10
6 9 14 12 Clay 8.8 92.05 1.03 12 12
7 10.5 19 16 Clay 9.4 106.14 0.98 16 16
8 12 24 20 Silt 10.0 121.13 0.94 19 17
9 13.5 33 28 Fine Sand 9.1 134.75 0.9 25 20
10 15 35 30 Fine Sand 9.1 148.4 0.87 26 21
11 16.5 44 37 Fine Sand 9.2 162.16 0.84 31 23
12 18 49 42 Fine Sand 9.2 175.99 0.81 34 25
13 19.5 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 189.84 0.79 34 25
14 21 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 203.69 0.76 33 24
15 22.5 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 217.54 0.74 32 24
16 24 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 231.39 0.72 31 23
17 25.5 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 245.24 0.7 30 23
18 27 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 259.09 0.68 29 22
19 28.5 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 272.94 0.67 29 22
20 30 50 43 Fine Sand 9.2 286.79 0.65 28 22

Correction factors:
EH 0.6 Assumed Donut hand dropped
CB 1 100m dia
CS 1 Assumed Standard Sampler
CR 0.85 Assumed rod length = 6
GWT (m) 2.85
Df (m) 1.5 Assumed
B (m) 1.5 Assumed
Influence Zone (Df+2B) 4.5
Calculation of Corrected N value, N1(60) corr.
For depth 4.5m
Field SPT value = 12
𝐸𝐻 ⋅𝐶𝐵 ⋅𝐶𝑆 ⋅𝐶𝑅 ⋅𝑁 0.6×1×1×0.85×12
Corrected N60 value = = = 10.2 ≈ 10
0.6 0.6

Soil type: Clay (from Soil test report)

Bulk unit weight, 𝜂 = 16.8 + 0.15 ∗ 𝑁60 =16.8+ 0.15*10 =18.3≈ 18 𝑘𝑁 ∕ 𝑚3
Effective unit weight, 𝛾𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 18.3 − 9.8 = 8 ⋅ 5 𝑘𝑁 ∕ 𝑚3

Effective overburden pressure, 𝜎𝜈,𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝛴𝛾𝑒𝑓𝑓 × ℎ =(18.2+8.2+8.5) * 1.5

= 52.26 KN/m2
2000
Correction factor for overburden pressure, CN = 0.77 ∗ 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (𝜎 ) =1.22
𝑣,𝑒𝑓𝑓

Corrected SPT value, N1(60) = 1.22*10=12.2 ≈ 12

In this case, Correction for Dilative Tendency (N1(60)) is not needed.
Final corrected or Design SPT value = 12.
Others SPT values were calculated similarly.

4.2.1.2 Determination of the angle of internal friction, 𝝋

Let, Depth of footing, Df = 1.5m, width of footing, B= 1.5m.
𝑁 13 10 12
∑ 2𝑖 2 +2 2 +3 2
Design N value, N = 𝑖
1 = 11 1 1 = 12 ⋅ 2 ≈ 12
∑2 + +
𝑖 12 22 32

The design SPT value is 12.

Angle of internal friction, 𝜑= 27+0.3* N1(60) corr. = 30.6 [BNBC 6.D.5]

Angle of internal friction, 𝜑=√20 ∗ N1(60)𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟. +15 = 30.49 [BNBC 6.D.6]

But the soil is clay in the desired depth, so the angle of internal friction, 𝜑=0.

4.2.1.3 Determination of cohesion, C

From unconfined compressive strength test report,
Compressive strength,𝑞𝑢 = 250 KN/m3.
𝑞𝑢
So, Cohesion, C = 2
= 125 KN/m3.
4.2.1.4 Determination of allowable bearing capacity of soil, 𝒒𝒂
i. Bearing capacity factor:
Assuming square footing, L=B=1.5m.
𝜑
𝑁𝜑 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45° + 2 ) = 1 ;
𝜑
𝑁𝑞 = ⅇ 𝜋×𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜑 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45° + 2 ) = 1 ;
𝑁𝑐 = (𝑁𝑞 − 1) × 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜑 = 5.14 ;
𝑁𝛾 = (𝑁𝑞 − 1) × 𝑡𝑎𝑛(1 ⋅ 4 × 𝜑) = 0 ;

ii. Shape factor:

𝐵
Sc = 1+0.2 ∗ 𝑁𝜑 ∗ 𝐿 = 1. [𝜑 = 0]
𝐵
Sq = 1+0.1 ∗ 𝑁𝜑 ∗ 𝐿 = 1.1.

𝑆𝛾 = Sq= 1.

iii. Depth factor:

𝐷𝑓
dc= 1 + 0.2 ∗ √𝑁𝜑 ∗ =1.2.
𝐵
𝐷𝑓
dq= 1 + 0.1 ∗ √𝑁𝜑 ∗ = 1. [𝜑 = 0]
𝐵

dγ = 𝑑q=1. [𝜑 = 0]

iv. Water effects:

Assuming GWT at GL,
𝐷𝑤1 0
𝛾𝑒1 = 𝛾𝑏 + × (𝛾𝑠 − 𝛾𝑤 ) = 8.69 + 1.5 (18.5 − 9.8) = 8.69 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3
𝐷𝑓

𝐷𝑤1 0
𝛾𝑒2 = 𝛾𝑏 + × (𝛾𝑠 − 𝛾𝑤 ) = 8.69 + 1.5 (18.5 − 9.8) = 8.69 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3
𝐵

1
Net ultimate bearing capacity, 𝑞𝑛𝑢 = c𝑁𝐶 𝑆𝐶 𝑑𝐶 + 𝛾𝑒1 𝐷𝑓 (𝑁𝑞 − 1)𝑆𝑞 𝑑𝑞 + 2 𝛾𝑒2 𝐵𝑁𝛾 𝑆𝛾 𝑑𝛾

= 676 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 .
𝑞𝑛𝑢
Net allowable bearing capacity, 𝑞𝑛𝑎 = − 𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝐷 f = (676/3)-18.5*2=197 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 .
𝐹𝑆