3.VPP Presentation of Task 2 Part23 en Final

Development of the Virtual Power Plant
technology in Vietnam
Workshop to present and discuss main findings
Task 2 (Part 2):
Assessment of the current Situation
of the Operation Control Center
(OCC) for Renewables in Vietnam
Task 3:
vRE control solutions and their
application in Vietnam
Thursday, September 23, 2021

Key aspects of vRE expansion in Vietnam
In only two years Vietnam has added 14

GW of solar power to the energy supply
This renewable energy capacity is
distributed among more than
100 farms (5 GW)
101,000 rooftop pv systems (9,7 GW)
Most of the capacity is concentrated in

the Centre and South where the highest
solar irradiation resources can be found
The power system is challenged with
managing a smooth integration of vRE
and already needs to curtail production
Thursday, September 23, 2021 SGREEE – Development of the Virtual Power Plant in Vietnam Page 4
Key aspects of vRE expansion in Vietnam
According to the draft PDP8, until 2030

the focus is on expanding wind energy
Wind projects will as well be primarily

built in the Centre and South, adding to
grid constraints
The power system is under a rapid

transition, quickly adding vRE
Decentralization of the energy supply due to
large-scale installation of solar & rooftop pv
Weather-dependent feed-in primarily on
lower voltage levels
Challenges and smart grid solution
Vietnam faces challenges to efficiently

integrate intermittent production
Concentration of enormous numbers of pv
plants has led to vRE hotspot areas with
oversupply and local grid overload
220 kV and 110 kV lines are sometimes

operated at full capacity during peak
production times
22 kV lines which first absorb rooftop pv

production are sometimes overloaded in
hotspot areas
Grid extension is underway but requires

time
Smart grid technologies and operational approaches which have been

developed internationally can additionally support vRE integration
A smart grid uses modern communication technology to ensure
continuous real-time balancing of flexible vRE generation and demand
The higher the share of vRE generation, the more important becomes
the intelligence of power grids for a successful energy transition.
Smart grid technologies have the benefit that they can be deployed in the
short and medium term
Intelligent software tools are a key component of smart grid solutions
Address diverse challenges resulting from the installation of large
amounts of vRE generators on lower voltage levels
1. Improve dispatchable
Smaller plants (e.g. rooftop pv) at lower voltage levels are invisible to NLDC
No real-time production data of rts available (including Power Companies)
Grid operators cannot react precisely on dynamic changes in volatile production
2. Intermittent production
Currently professional forecasts are in Vietnam only provided for larger parks, leaving almost
10 GW of installed rooftop pv systems outside the prediction process
Comprehensive forecasting regime with high accuracy standard required!
3. Improve control over vRE plants

Grid operators have no efficient control over vRE production
Adjustment of plants´ power output
4. Aggregation of plants
Needed: Digital aggregation of units to a controllable power pool with a relevant size
Crucial for Vietnam:101.000 rooftop pv plants account for 53% of installed solar power
Regulatory framework for control of power plants
Strict hierarchy in distributing dispatching orders from NLDC to inferior

organizations (regional dispatching level, large power plants etc.)
Dispatching instructions can be given via verbal instructions, signals to
directly control the electrical equipment under their control or in writing.
The regulation covers as well Operational Control Centers (OCCs) for
monitoring and controlling multiple plants
Operation of a plant or station without operator is done from the OCC
(Article 61)
Need to monitor and control signals of status, measurement and protection
Operation procedures of each plant or station to provide instructions for the
operator at the OCC in the switching activities and breakdown troubleshooting
Regulatory framework for control of power plants
Operation managing unit of the OCC shall send its staff to the unit “to check the
equipment on the spot, especially at the times of transmission or high-capacity
generation
In case of breakdown occurrence at the power plant or power station, the
operation managing unit must notify immediately the dispatching level with
control authority and send its operator and technician to the unit
The regulation provides the option for IPPs with several power plants
to centralize the control of their power plants via an OCC
Focuses on maintaining the system reliability by implementing a
smooth interaction between the units, OCC and the Dispatching Unit
Suggests identity of OCC and plant operator
Brief comparison of OCC, DERM and VPP
Virtual Power Plant OCC DERM

Main Monitoring, scheduling and Operation & Management of Monitoring and technical
purpose dispatching of large DER assets control of solar power plants
numbers of DER to respond to respond to grid situations
to grid and market needs
Connectable Connects to renewable, OCC can connect to DERM can connect to

assets conventional generators, renewable and conventional renewable and conventional
storage systems and generators (assumption) generators (assumption)
consumers
Number of Unlimited in size and Unlimited in size and number Unlimited in size and number
number (assumption) (assumption)
assets
Technical Not designed for monitoring Comprehensive capabilities Not designed for monitoring
plant the technical status of the to monitor technical status of the technical status of the
management plant for maintenance connected plants for e.g., plant for maintenance
purposes predictive maintenance purposes
Power Management and No own forecasting Basic forecasting module

forecasts optimization of power capabilities
forecasts for portfolio
Brief comparison of OCC, DERM and VPP
Virtual Power Plant OCC DERM

Typical Aggregators, grid operators Plant operators Plant operators, grid
software operators
operator
Ownership Connects to any plant Plant operators connect their Plant operators connect their
independent from ownership own assets own assets or grid operators
plants feeding into the
network
Monitoring Monitoring of current and Monitoring of current Monitoring of current

future production schedule production schedule and production schedule of
of portfolio or single assets technical parameters of portfolio or single assets.
multiple assets Limited capabilities to predict
schedules.
Smart VPP can intelligently OCC is not designed to DERM can execute
distribution distribute curtailments execute complex curtailment curtailments among
of among portfolio based on procedures (assumption) connected plants based on
curtailment defined criteria (e.g., merit technical requirements
signals order costs of plants), plant
availability and forecasts
VPP application as smart control room for vRE
Idea: Deploy VPP as control room for vRE hotspots
User: Vietnamese grid operators
Goal: Visibility and control of vRE generation on distribution level

for more accurate decision-making in grid operation
Approach: VPP raises/integrates/processes real-time and forecast data

VPP shares data with grid operators on different voltage levels
VPP centralizes control over plants without involving operators
Focus: Solar power plants, in particular rooftop pv systems
Chart illustrates data flow

Control signals
NLDC with VPP as central vRE
platform
forecast
NPC / CPC / SPC as data Live production &
VPP operators forecast data NLDC, Power Corporations
Live production & Control signals and Power Companies
forecast data have VPP user rights to
access to data
Control signals
Power Power Corporation as
Companies main operator responsible
Live production &
forecast data for executing NLDC´s
requests for adjusting the
Live production & power output
forecast data, Control signals
non-availabilities Streamlined and
digitalized adjustment of
power output
Focus on rooftop pv
suggested
Chart shows extreme
(NPC) concentration of plants
in CPC and SPC area
VPP platform should
(CPC)
focus on these areas
(SPC)
Analysis of rooftop pv systems in Rooftop pv: installed capacity per plant

province Gia Lai (604 MW) size in Gia Lai (MW)
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 MW 900 kW - 1 500 kW - 200 kW- 100 kW - 0 kW - 100
MW 900 kW 500 kW 250 kW kW
460 plants 2539 plants

= 458 MW = 75 MW
Many rooftop pv plants are large (1 MW)

VPP should focus on connecting them
Small number of plants represents a large share of
installed capacity
Data can be upscaled on aggregation levels
(e.g. province, grid section)
Forecast for rooftop pv systems in province Gia Lai (604 MW)

VPP can upscale
choice of forecasts to
desired levels (e.g.,
province)
VPP can create

accurate short-term
forecasts taking into
account live
measurements
If several forecasts
are available,
metaforecasts can be
created
Schedule and control of connected assets

A portfolio schedule
can be set up which
complies with NLDC
curtailment requests
Virtual Power Plant
takes care of the
implementation
Sequence of curtailed
plants based on
defined criteria
(technical availability
of a plant, a technical
Schedule and control of connected assets. Source: energy & meteo systems
minimum limit,
economic parameters)
Main expected achievements

The software platform will spur transparency and visibility of
vRE production processes
Energy-data sharing across grid operators promote as well the
vertical collaboration between TSO and DSO levels
Creates opportunities to manage the power network grid
in a more flexible and efficient way
Valuable source of information for other purposes, such as grid planning,
designing vRE support schemes, further developing the regulatory framework
Further VPP potential
The VPP as control room for grid operators in Vietnam is one possible application
which supports vRE integration
Shift from FiT regime to a market premium mechanism would activate
market mechanisms to support vRE integration
Plant operators would be exposed to market risks and would need to adjust
their output to the electricity demand
In Germany, vRE plants above 100 kW participate in the direct marketing process
Aggregators emerged which trade electricity for plant owners
Virtual Power Plant technology is state-of-the-art solution for aggregators to
digitally bundle distributed vRE plants to a single portfolio and trade their output
Cybersecurity issues
Vietnam has enacted laws which rule general

digital security
But there has not been an identification of
critical infrastructure sectors and a specific
cybersecurity regulation
Crucial: mitigate the risks that will accompany
the process of power sector digitalization
A massive expansion of OCCs and digitally
connected energy units heightens the surface for
cyberattacks
Important technical standards (such as VPN
secured connection) are considered in the OCC
Beyond these, organizational measures are a
crucial element for cybersecurity
The German IT Security law enacted in 2015

defined for the first time the regulated sectors of
critical infrastructure (CRITIS)
The Ordinance for the Determination of Critical
Infrastructures defines who is a CRITIS operator
In the energy sector these are generating plants,
network operators, storage facilities, central
higher-level control systems and trading
systems.
A Virtual Power Plant is subject to CRITIS if
controlled units exceed a threshold value of
420 MW
Each CRITIS operator must take appropriate
organisational and technical precautions
Threshold values of 420 MW managed capacity is calculated based on the

number of affected people affected in case of an outage due to a cyberattack
Regulation aims at operators whose plants affect the energy supply for at least
500.000 persons
Yearly average consumption 7375 kWh per person
420 MW needed to cover the electricity demand of 500.000 persons.
If a company gets classified as a critical infrastructure:

Formal information security processes needs to be established
Organization has to provide evidences (e.g. documents or external audit
reports) which can be verified by authorities
Yearly recurring review (audit) by certified external auditors
Required minimum standards are Information and Security Management Systems
(ISMS) oriented at the DIN ISO 27001 + specific additional energy sector
characteristics (DIN ISO 27019)
An ISMS includes processes, procedures and rules for a continuous definition,
management, control, maintenance and optimization of information security in
an organization
Thank you!

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Development of the Virtual Power Plant

Thursday, September 23, 2021

In only two years Vietnam has added 14

Most of the capacity is concentrated in

According to the draft PDP8, until 2030

Wind projects will as well be primarily

The power system is under a rapid

Vietnam faces challenges to efficiently

220 kV and 110 kV lines are sometimes

22 kV lines which first absorb rooftop pv

Grid extension is underway but requires

Smart grid technologies and operational approaches which have been

3. Improve control over vRE plants

Strict hierarchy in distributing dispatching orders from NLDC to inferior

Virtual Power Plant OCC DERM

Connectable Connects to renewable, OCC can connect to DERM can connect to

Power Management and No own forecasting Basic forecasting module

Virtual Power Plant OCC DERM

Monitoring Monitoring of current and Monitoring of current Monitoring of current

Idea: Deploy VPP as control room for vRE hotspots

User: Vietnamese grid operators

Goal: Visibility and control of vRE generation on distribution level

Approach: VPP raises/integrates/processes real-time and forecast data

Focus: Solar power plants, in particular rooftop pv systems

Chart illustrates data flow

Analysis of rooftop pv systems in Rooftop pv: installed capacity per plant

460 plants 2539 plants

Many rooftop pv plants are large (1 MW)

Forecast for rooftop pv systems in province Gia Lai (604 MW)

VPP can create

Schedule and control of connected assets

Main expected achievements

Vietnam has enacted laws which rule general

The German IT Security law enacted in 2015

Threshold values of 420 MW managed capacity is calculated based on the

420 MW needed to cover the electricity demand of 500.000 persons.

If a company gets classified as a critical infrastructure:

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