API570 Piping Inspector Video Training

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API 570 Piping Inspector Exam

Preparation Course
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Table of Content
Title Page No. (Center Footer No.)
ASME B31.3 Video Training 3

ASME B31.3 Practice Question (Refers to Exam Portal) 28
ASME IX Video Training 29
Sample WPS & PQR – Write & Review 37
ASME IX Video Training Continue 44
Sample WPS & PQR with Impact Test 67
ASME IX Practice Question (Refers to Exam Portal) 74
5 WPS’s and PQR’s for Open Book Exam 75
ASME V Video Training 95
ASME V Definition 96
ASME V - RT 104
ASME V - PT 111
ASME V - MT 114
ASME V - LT & VE 118
ASME V – SE-797 119
ASME V – UT (Basics) 120
ASME V – Practice Questions (Refers to Exam Portal) 122
ASME B16.5 Practice Questions (Refers to Exam Portal) 123
API 570 Video Training 124
API 570 Practice Questions(Refers to Exam Portal) 127
Mixed-Up Practice Exam (all standards included) &
132
(Refers to Exam Portal)
Final Exam and Certification (Refers to Exam Portal) 133
PDF File Page No. 2

I4I Academy ASME B31.3 Bob Rasooli
www.inspection‐for‐industry.com Video Training
ASME B31.3
Video Training Handout
This handout needs to be reviewed during/after watching video presentation!
Copyright © Inspection-for-Industry.Com Page 1 of 25
PDF File Page No. 3

ASME B 31.3
ASME B 31.3 piping is used for construction of new piping installation.
Scope: Piping for all fluids within the property lines of facilities for chemicals
and petroleum except nontoxic fluids at 0 ... 15 psig and -20°F ... 366°F, boiler
external piping, boiler proper, pressure vessels, piping according to B 31.4, B
31.8, B 31.11, plumbing, fire protection systems
Fluid Categories
Category D fluid service: Nontoxic, nonflammable, not dangerous, designated by owner
- design pressure <150psig.
Normal fluid service: a fluid service pertaining to most piping covered by this Code, i.e.,
not subject to the rules for Category D, Category M, Elevated Temperature, High
Pressure, or High Purity Fluid Service.
Category M fluid service: Toxic fluids (a single exposure to a very small quantity of the
fluid, caused by leakage, can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing
or bodily contact)
High pressure fluid service: Over Class 2500
Severe Cyclic Service: Piping over 7000 Cycles and significant displacement stress
The owner of a piping installation shall have overall responsibility for compliance with
this Code.
ANSI B36.10 address dimensions of steel pipe
NPS: nominal pipe size (followed, when appropriate, by the specific size designation
number without an inch symbol).
Other Piping Code:

B31.1 - Power Piping
B31.3 - Process Piping
B31.4 - Pipeline for Liquids and Slurries
B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping
B31.8 - Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping Systems
B31.9 - Building Services Piping
B31.11 - Slurry Transportation Piping Systems
B31.12 - Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines
PDF File Page No. 4

304.1.2 Straight Pipe under Internal Pressure

Minimum required thickness (tm) for a pipe of outside diameter (D), made from
material having safe stress (S) and subjected to internal pressure (P) is given
by:
tm = t + c
P = internal design gage pressure

D = outside diameter of pipe
S = stress value for material from Table A-1
E = quality factor from Table A-1A(casting) or Table A-1B
Y = material co-efficient (Table 304.1.1)
C = sum of the mechanical allowances (thread or groove depth) plus corrosion and
erosion allowances.
W= weld joint strength reduction factor (high temp services)
t = pressure design thickness
Table A-1B of B 31.3 Code gives weld joint quality factor for manufactured
pipes. The factor can be increased for Electric Fusion welded pipes by
conducting additional radiography (spot or full) as per Table 302.3.4.
PDF File Page No. 5

Table A-1 Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals
PDF File Page No. 6

304.5.3 Blanks
Thickness of a permanent blank for the pipe is given by:
Where, dg = the inside diameter of gasket
Given: ASME B31.3 304.1.2

Design Pressure: 400 psi =t+c
Design Temperature: 750 F
MOC: NPS 8, A106 Gr. B
CA: 0.125 in. 2
Pipe SCH? 400 8.625
0.123 .
2 13900 1 1 0.4 400
t min = 0.123 + 0.125 = 0.248 in.

Consider 12.5% wall thickness allowances
0.248
0.283
0.875
NPS 8 SCH 30 0.277 in.

NPS 8 SCH 40 0.322 in.
So take SCH 40
PDF File Page No. 7

Given
Design Pressure: 882 psi
Design Temp: 600 F 2
MOC: NPS 6 A53 Gr. B (ERW) 882 6.625
Pressure Design Thickness? 2 17900 1 0.85 0.4 400
Min Required Thickness? 0.187 .
t min = 0.187 + 0.125 = 0.313 in.

Blank Material: A 516 Gr. 70 t min = t + c
Design Temp: 600 F
3
Corrosion Allowance: 0.125 in.
ID of Gasket: 6.7 in. 16
Flange Type: SORF
Design Pressure: 300 psi 3 300
6.7
Design Pressure Thickness? 16 19400 1 1
Min Required Thickness? 0.36 .
t min = 0.36 + 0.125 = 0.485 in.
Note for raised face and flat face, the dg

always is provided.
Given: t min = t + c
Blank Material: A 516 Gr. 70
3
Design Temp: 400 F
Corrosion Allowance: 0.125 in. 16
Flange Type: RTG 10.75
Design Pressure: 400 psi
Design Pressure Thickness? 3 400
Min Required Thickness? 16 21600 1 1
0.633 .
t min = 0.633 + 0.125 = 0.758 in.
The value for dg equals to pipe OD for

RTG flange.
PDF File Page No. 8

323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials.

Impact Test Requirement
For exemption first refer to Table A-1
Either provided by Min Temp that can be used without impact testing or indicated by A,
B, C, D letters which refers to curve A material, Curve B material and Curve C material
and Curve D Material
Curve D> Curve C> Curve B> Curve A indicates resistance to brittle fracture
If temperature – thickness combination falls on or above the material curve (Fig.

323.22), impact testing is NOT required. (If below the curve – impact testing is required)
Example: 10 NPS ASTM A106 Gr B with 1 inch wall thickness (SCH 140) with 10 F
minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) is not exempted from impact testing since
ASTM A 106 Gr B belongs to curve B and the MDMT and wall thickness combination
falls below the curve B.
PDF File Page No. 9

The above curves converted to following table for convenience.
Same Example: 10 NPS ASTM A106 Gr B with 1 inch wall thickness (SCH 140) can be
used up to 33 F without impact testing. Below 33 F requires impact testing.
The requirements for impact testing summarized in following table. Generally, when
material requires impact testing, then WPS shall be qualified by impact testing based on
ASME IX.
PDF File Page No. 10

This curve can be used to get additional credit for using material without impact testing.
Stress ratio is the ratio of the circumferential pressure stress (hoop stress) less
allowance to the allowable stress. This is determined by designer and provided to you.
You do not need to calculate stress ratio.
Example: For NPS 10 ASTM A106 Gr B SCH 140 (1 inch wall thickness) the designer
determines that stress ratio is 0.8. What will be new adjusted MDMT without impact
testing or in other word what is the minimum temperature that we can use this material
without impact testing? Draw a horizontal line and then draw a vertical line to cross X
axis
New Adjusted MDMT = 33 – 20 = 13 F

Above curve converted to following table for convenience
New Adjusted MDMT = 33 – 20 = 13 F
323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
Impact testing of each product form of material for any specification (including welds in
the components) shall be done using procedures and apparatus in accordance with
ASTM A370.
All impact tests shall be made using standard 10 mm (0.394 in.) square cross section
Charpy V-notch specimen bars, except when the material shape or thickness does not
permit. (sub-size shall be used)
The test specimens, as well as the handling tongs, shall be cooled for a sufficient length
of time to reach the test temperature.
Absorbed Energy Criteria


For impact testing 3 specimens are required.

1. If the average of 3 specimens  Required Average and Value of only one
specimen is less than average but more than minimum for one specimen
— accept
2. If average of 3 specimens  Minimum for one specimen and Value of one
specimen is less than average and also less than minimum for one
specimen — retest
3. Value of two specimens is less than average — Retest
4. After retest, all specimens must have value  Average Value
Lateral Expansion Requirements; Other carbon and low alloy steels having specified
minimum tensile strengths equal to or greater than 656 MPa (95 ksi), all bolting
materials, and all high alloy steels (P-Nos. 6, 7, and 8) shall have a lateral expansion
opposite the notch of not less than 0.38 mm (0.015 in.) for all specimen sizes.
Example: ASTM A 106 Gr B is deoxidized (killed steel) and SMTS (Specified Minimum
Tensile Strength for this material is 60, 000 psi so the average value is 13 ft-lb and
Minimum value is 10 ft-Ib
15, 14, 12 ave 13.6 – Test is acceptable

9, 15, 16 ave 13.3 – Not acceptable subject to retest
Lateral Expansion Requirements; Other carbon and low alloy steels having specified
minimum tensile strengths equal to or greater than 656 MPa (95 ksi), all bolting
materials, and all high alloy steels (P-Nos. 6, 7, and 8) shall have a lateral expansion
opposite the notch of not less than 0.38 mm (0.015 in.) for all specimen sizes.

330 Preheating
Table 330.1.1 gives required pre-heat temperature.
330.1.1 The thickness intended in Table 330.1.1 is that of the nominal thickness of the
thicker component. In dissimilar pipe joints higher temperature of the two is to be used
for pre-heating.
330.1.3(a) Preheat temperature shall be checked by use of temperature indicating

crayons, thermocouple pyrometers.
330.1.4 Preheat Zone. The preheat zone shall be at or above the specified minimum
temperature in all directions from the point of welding for a distance of the larger of 75
mm (3 in.) or 1.5 times the greater nominal thickness.
The base metal temperature for tack welds shall be at or above the specified minimum
temperature for a distance not less than 25 mm (1 in.) in all directions from the point of
welding.
330.1 Pre-heating, whenever specified shall apply to the strength welds, tack welds and
seal welds

331 Heat Treatment

PWHT Table (331.1.1) gives temperature range and holding time
The Table 331.1.3 gives requirement and exemptions for performing PWHT (Based on P
number and wall thickness)
331.1.3 Definition of Thicknesses Governing PWHT:

Groove welds (girth and longitudinal) — the thicker of the two abutting ends after weld
preparation

Fillet welds — the throat thickness of the weld

Partial penetration welds — the depth of the weld groove
331.1.4 - Heating and Cooling - Above 315°C (600°F), the rate of heating and cooling
shall not exceed 335°C/h (600°F/hr) divided by one-half the maximum material thickness
in inches at the weld, but in no case shall the rate exceed 335°C/h (600°F/hr).
331.2.5 Partial Heat Treatment

It is permissible to heat treat in more than one heat, provided there is at least 300 mm (1
ft) overlap between successive heats, and that parts of the assembly outside the furnace
are protected from harmful temperature gradients.
331.2.6 Local Heat Treatment

The width of the band heated to the specified temperature range shall be at least three
times the wall thickness at the weld of the thickest part being joined.
Inspection, Examination and Testing
341.4.1 Examination — Normal Fluid Service.

(a) Visual Examination
(1) sufficient materials and components
(2) at least 5% of fabrication
(3) 100% of fabrication for longitudinal welds
(4) random examination of the assembly
(5) random examination during erection
(6) examination of erected piping
(b) Other Examination

Not less than 5% of circumferential butt and miter groove welds shall be examined fully
by random radiography in accordance with para. 344.5 or by random ultrasonic
examination in accordance with para. 344.6.
The welds to be examined in each designated lot shall include the work product of each
welder or welding operator whose welds are part of the lot.
When a circumferential weld with an intersecting longitudinal weld(s) is examined, at
least the adjacent 38 mm (11⁄2 in.) of each intersecting weld shall be examined
341.4.2 Examination — Category D Fluid Service

Piping and piping elements for Category D Fluid Service as designated in the
engineering design shall be visually examined in accordance with para. 344.2 to the
extent necessary to satisfy the examiner that components, materials, and workmanship
conform to the requirements of this Code and the engineering design.
Table 341.3.2 gives acceptance criteria for welds and examination methods for
evaluating weld imperfections.



341.5 Supplementary Examination

341.5.1 Spot Radiography
(a) Longitudinal Welds.
Spot radiography for longitudinal groove welds required to have a weld joint factor Ej of
0.90 requires examination by radiography in accordance with para. 344.5 of at least 300
mm (1 ft) in each 30m(100 ft) of weld for each welder or welding operator.
(b) Circumferential Butt Welds and Other Welds. It is recommended that the extent of
examination be not less than one shot on one in each 20 welds for each welder or
welding operator
341.5.2 Hardness Tests. Hardness tests are not required to verify proper heat treatment
except as otherwise specified in the engineering design.
344.2, 3, 4 and 5 - VT, MT, PT, UT and RT shall be performed as specified in the ASME
BPV Code, Section V
342.1 Personnel Qualification and Certification

Personnel performing nondestructive examination to the requirements of this Code shall
be qualified and certified for the method to be utilized following a procedure as described
in BPV Code, Section V, and Article 1, T-120 (e) or (f).
Section V, Article 1, T-120(e)

T-120 (e) By employer written practice which shall be in accordance of SNT-TC-1A

(2006 Edition) or (2) ANSI/ASNT CP-189 (2006 Edition)
Or
T-120 (f) National or international central certification programs, such as the ASNT
Central Certification Program (ACCP) or ISO 9712:2012-based programs, may be
alternatively used to fulfill the training, experience, and examination requirements of the
documents listed in (e) as specified in the employer’s written practice.
343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES

Any examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure that
conforms to one of the methods specified in para. 344, including special methods (see
para. 344.1.2). Procedures shall be written as required in the BPV Code, Section V,
Article 1, T-150.
344.3.2 Acceptance Criteria - Magnetic Particle Examination

 Only indications that have any dimension greater than 1.5mm (1⁄16 in.) shall be
considered relevant.
 A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times its width
 A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or
less than three times its width.
 All surfaces to be examined shall be free of (1) relevant linear indications (2)
relevant rounded indications >5.0 mm (3⁄16 in.) (3) four or more relevant rounded
indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm (1⁄16 in.) or less, edge to edge
344.4.2 Acceptance Criteria - Liquid Penetrant Examination – Identical with Magnetic

Particle Examination
344.7 In-process examination comprises examination of the following, as applicable:

joint preparation and cleanliness, preheating, fit-up, joint clearance, and internal
alignment prior to joining, variables specified by the joining procedure, including filler
material, position and electrode, condition of the root pass after cleaning, external and,
where accessible, internal — aided by liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examination
when specified in the engineering design, slag removal and weld condition, between
passes, appearance of the finished joint
The examination is visual, unless additional methods are specified in the engineering
design.
345.1 Required Leak Test - Prior to initial operation, and after completion of the
applicable examinations required by para. 341, each piping system shall be tested to
ensure tightness. The test shall be a hydrostatic leak test
(a) At the owner’s option, a piping system in Category D fluid service may be subjected
to an initial service leak test in accordance with para. 345.7, in lieu of the hydrostatic
leak test.
b) Where the owner considers a hydrostatic leak test impracticable, either a pneumatic
test in accordance with para. 345.5 or a combined hydrostatic-pneumatic test in

accordance with para. 345.6 may be substituted, recognizing the hazard of energy
stored in compressed gas.
 damage linings or internal insulation

 contaminate a process that would be hazardous, corrosive, or inoperative in the
presence of moisture
 require significant support modifications for the hydrostatic test load or present
the danger of brittle fracture due to low metal temperature during the test
345.2.2 Other Test Requirements

Examination for Leaks; the leak test pressure shall be maintained for at least 10 min and
then all joints and connections shall be examined for leaks. The test pressure may be
reduced to not less than the design pressure while performing this examination.
Heat Treatment; Leak tests shall be conducted after any heat treatment has been
completed.
Low Test Temperature; the possibility of brittle fracture shall be considered when
conducting leak tests at metal temperatures near the ductile-brittle transition
temperature.
345.2.3(c) Closure Welds; the final weld connecting piping systems or components that
have been successfully tested in accordance with para. 345 need not be leak tested
provided the weld is examined in-process in accordance with para. 344.7 and passes
with 100% radiographic examination in accordance with para. 344.5 or 100% ultrasonic
examination in accordance with para. 344.6.
345.2.1 (c) Preliminary Pneumatic Test; A preliminary test using air at no more than 170
kPa (25 psi) gage pressure may be made prior to hydrostatic testing to locate major
leaks.
345.4.2 Hydrostatic Test pr = 1.5  Design pr x stress ratio
Stress ratio is ratio of material stress at test temp to the stress at design temp. Stress
ratio is always greater than or equal to 1.
345.5 Pneumatic Test

345.5.2 Pressure Relief Device. A pressure relief device shall be provided, having
a set pressure not higher than the test pressure plus the lesser of 345 kPa (50
psi) or 10% of the test pressure.
345.5.4 Test Pressure - Pneumatic Test pr = 1.1 x Design pr
345.5.5 Procedure - The pressure shall be gradually increased until a gage pressure
that is the lesser of one half the test pressure or 170 kPa (25 psi) is attained. Check for
leakage, if any, correct them.

Thereafter, the pressure shall be gradually increased in steps until the test pressure is
reached, holding the pressure at each step long enough to equalize piping strains. The
pressure shall then be reduced to the design pressure before examining for leakage

A106 Gr. C 23300
1.5 650 1535
Design Pressure: 650 psi 14800
Design Temp: 750 F
Hydrostatic Test Pressure? ASME B31.3 345.5.1
Pneumatic Test Pressure? 1.1 650 715 Lesser of
Relief Valve Set Pressure? 10% of test pressure or 50 psi, then take
50 psi
Set pressure = 50 + 715 = 765 psi Hold
time 10 min
Procedure:
First Step: lesser of 10%of test pressure
or 25 psi, then take 25 psi
Go to 715 in several steps, gradually
increase the pressure, stop for few
minutes in each steps. When reached to
715 psi hold for min 10 min. Then
reduce pressure to 650 psi and perform
visual examination
Thermal expansion and contraction for different temperatures is given in Table

C-1. To determine total expansion net effect shall be considered.

Important Definition & others:

300.2 A pipe produced by piercing a billet followed by rolling or drawing is named seamless
300.2 Root opening is the separation between members to be joined by welding, at the root of
the joint.
300.2 A weld intended primarily to provide joint tightness against leakage in metallic piping is
known as a seal weld.
300.2 Consumable insert: preplaced filler metal that is completely fused into the root of the joint
and becomes part of the weld.
300.2 A weld made to hold parts of weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made
is known as a tack weld.
300.2 Face of weld: the exposed surface of a weld on the side from which the welding was done
300.2 The junction between the face of a weld and the base metal is known as toe of the weld.
300.2 Full fillet weld: a fillet weld whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner member
joined.
300.2 The size of a fillet weld is based on the theoretical throat, which 0.707 x the leg length
Table 302.3.4 longitudinal weld joint quality factor cannot be increased for Furnace butt weld
and ERW pipes with additional NDE.
304.1.2(a) the thickness formula t=PD/2 (SE+PY) is valid only if pipe thickness as fraction of
pipe outside diameter (D) is Thickness < D/6
300.2 Annealing: heating to and holding at a suitable temperature above the transformation
temperature range, followed by slow cooling to well below the transformation temperature range.
300.2 Normalizing: heating a ferrous metal to a temperature above the transformation

temperature range, followed by cooling in room-temperature still air to well below the
transformation temperature range.
301.2.1(a) The design pressure of each component in a piping system shall be not less than the
pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure and
temperature
301.2.2(a) Piping not protected by a pressure-relieving device, or that can be isolated from a
pressure-relieving device, shall be designed for at least the highest expected pressure.
301.4.1 The cooling of a gas or vapor in a piping system may reduce the pressure sufficiently to
create an internal vacuum. In such a case, the piping shall be capable of withstanding the
external pressure at the lower temperature, or provision shall be made to break the vacuum.
301.4.2 Fluid Expansion Effects - Provision shall be made in the design either to withstand or to
relieve increased pressure caused by the heating of static fluid in a piping component.

301.5.1 Impact forces caused by external or internal conditions (including changes in flow rate,
hydraulic shock, liquid or solid slugging, flashing, and geysering) shall be taken into account in
the design of piping.
301.6.1 Live Loads; these loads include the weight of the medium transported or the medium
used for test. Snow and ice loads due to both environmental and operating conditions shall be
considered.
301.9 Reduced Ductility Effects; The effects may, for example, result from welding, heat
treatment, forming, bending, or low operating temperatures, including the chilling effect of
sudden loss of pressure on highly volatile fluids. Low ambient temperatures expected during
operation shall be considered.
300(c)(5)Where service requirements necessitate measures beyond those required by this

Code, such measures shall be specified by the engineering design. Where so specified, the
Code requires that they be accomplished.
305.2.1 Pipe for Category D Fluid Service. The following carbon steel pipe may be used only for
Category D Fluid Service: API 5L continuous welded (furnace butt-welded), ASTM A53, Type F
ASTM A134 made from other than ASTM A285, plate
308.2.1(b) The use of slip-on flanges should be avoided where many large temperature cycles
are expected, particularly if the flanges are not insulated.
308.2.1(a) A slip-on flange shall be double-welded when the service is (1) subject to severe
erosion, crevice corrosion, or cyclic loading (2) flammable, toxic, or damaging to human tissue
(3) under severe cyclic conditions (4) at temperatures below −101°C (−150°F)
308.2.4 Unless it is safeguarded, a flange to be used under severe cyclic conditions shall be
welding neck conforming to ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47
309.2.1 Bolting having not more than 207 MPa (30 ksi) specified minimum yield strength shall
not be used for flanged joints rated ASME B16.5 Class 400 and higher, nor for flanged joints
using metallic gaskets
309.3 Tapped holes for pressure-retaining bolting in metallic piping components shall be of
sufficient depth that the thread engagement will be at least seven-eighths times the nominal
thread diameter.
311.2.4(b) Split backing rings shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions.
311.2.5(a) Socket welded joints should be avoided in any service where crevice corrosion or
severe erosion may occur.
311.2.5(c) Socket welds larger than DN 50 (NPS 2) shall not be used under severe cyclic
conditions
312.1 Where flanges of different ratings are bolted together, the rating of the joint shall not
exceed that of the lower rated flange.

312.2 Where a metallic flange is bolted to a nonmetallic flange, both should be flat-faced. A full-
faced gasket is preferred
313(a) Expanded joints shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions.
314.1(a) Threaded joints should be avoided in any service where crevice corrosion, severe
erosion, or cyclic loading may occur.
314.1(b) when threaded joints are intended to be seal welded, thread sealing compound shall
not be used.
319.2.4 Cold spring; Cold spring is the intentional deformation of piping during assembly to
produce a desired initial displacement and reaction.
Fig. 328.5.2C when fitting up a socket weld joint, the made end is welded in the female socket
with an approximate 1/16" gap at the base of the joint.
328.6 A weld defect to be repaired shall be removed to sound metal.
331.2.1 Normalizing, or normalizing and tempering, or annealing may be applied in lieu of the
required heat treatment after welding, bending, or forming.
331.2.5 When an entire piping assembly to be heat treated cannot be fitted into the furnace, it is
permissible to heat treat in more than one heat, provided there is at least 300 mm (1 ft) overlap
between successive heats
340.2 It is the owner’s responsibility, exercised through the owner’s Inspector, to verify that all
required examinations and testing have been completed
340.1 Inspection applies to functions performed for the owner by the owner’s Inspector or the
Inspector’s delegates.
301.1 - The owner’s Inspector shall have at least 10 years of experience in the design,
fabrication, or examination of industrial pressure piping.
341.3.1(a) For P-Nos. 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C, and 15E materials, examinations shall be performed
after completion of heat treatment.
344.2, 3, 4 and 5 - VT, MT, PT, UT and RT shall be performed as specified in the
ASME BPV Code, Section V
341.5.1(a) Spot radiography for longitudinal groove welds required to have a weld joint factor Ej
of 0.90 requires examination by radiography in accordance with para. 344.5 of at least 300 mm
(1 ft) in each 30m(100 ft) of weld for each welder or welding operator.
344.7 In-process examination comprises examination of the following, as applicable: joint

preparation and cleanliness (b) preheating (c) fit-up, joint clearance, and internal alignment prior
etc. The examination is visual, in accordance with para. 344.2, unless additional methods are
specified in the engineering design.

345.1(a) At the owner’s option, a piping system in Category D fluid service may be subjected to
an initial service leak test in accordance with para. 345.7, in lieu of the hydrostatic leak test.
314.2.2 Straight-Threaded Joints; union comprising male and female ends joined with a
threaded union nut
319.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity; The reference modulus of elasticity at 21°C (70°F), Ea, and the
modulus of elasticity at maximum or minimum temperature, Em, shall be taken as the values
shown in Appendix C (used in thermal expansion)
319.3.3 Poisson’s Ratio; Poisson’s ratio may be taken as 0.3 at all temperatures for all metals.
More accurate and authoritative data may be used if available. (Used in thermal expansion)
322.6.1(c) Stop valves are allowed on the inlet and outlet side of a pressure relieving
device, provided they can be locked or sealed in either the open or closed position
322.6.3(b)(2)For a liquid thermal expansion relief device that protects only a blocked-in portion
of a piping system, the set pressure shall not exceed the lesser of the system test pressure or
120% of design pressure.
Fig 328.4.3 A thicker wall pipe is joined to a thinner wall pipe. The thicker pipe is taper bored to
facilitate the fit up. The maximum slope of the taper bore is 30 Degree – Fig 328.4.3
332.2.1 Flattening of a bend, the difference between maximum and minimum diameters at any
cross section, shall not exceed 8% of nominal outside diameter for internal pressure and 3% for
external pressure
335.1(a) - Piping Distortions Any distortion of piping to bring it into alignment for joint assembly
that introduces a detrimental strain in equipment or piping components is prohibited.
335.1(c) Before bolting, mating gasket contact surfaces shall be aligned to each other within 1
mm in 200 mm (1⁄16 in./ft), measured across any diameter. Flange bolt holes shall be aligned
within 3 mm (1⁄8 in.) maximum offset
335.2.3 Bolt Length. Bolts shall extend through their nuts such that there is complete thread
engagement for the full depth of the nut.
335.2.4 Gaskets - No more than one gasket shall be used between contact faces in assembling
a flanged joint.
341.3.4 Progressive Sampling for Examination - When required spot or random examination
reveals a defect, then (a) two additional samples of the same kind (if welded or bonded joints,
by the same welder, bonder, or operator) from the original designated lot shall be given the
same type of examination (b) if the items examined as required by (a) above are acceptable, the
defective item shall be repaired or replaced and reexamined as specified in para. 341.3.3, and
all items represented by these two additional samples shall be accepted
345.4.1 Test Fluid - If the liquid is flammable, its flash point shall be at least 49°C (120°F)
345.4.3 (b) Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System - Where the test pressure of
the piping exceeds the vessel test pressure, and it is not considered practicable to isolate the

piping from the vessel, the piping and the vessel may be tested together at the vessel test
pressure, provided the owner approves and the vessel test pressure is not less than 77% of the
piping test pressure
345.8 (a) Sensitive Leak Test - the test pressure shall be at least the lesser of 105 kPa (15 psi)
gage or 25% of the design pressure.
346.3 Retention of Records - Unless otherwise specified by the engineering design, the
following records shall be retained for at least 5 years after the record is generated for the
project: (a) examination procedures (b) examination personnel qualifications (c) examination
reports
F308.2 Specific Flanges Slip-On Flanges. The need for venting the space between the welds in
double-welded slip-on flanges should be considered for fluid services (including vacuum) that
require leak testing of the inner fillet weld, or when fluid handled can diffuse into the enclosed
space, resulting in possible failure.
F322.6 Pressure Relief Piping Stop Valves in Pressure Relief Piping. If stop valves are located
in pressure relief piping in accordance with para. 322.6.1(a), and if any of these stop valves are
to be closed while the equipment is in operation, an authorized person should be present. The
authorized person should remain in attendance at a location where the operating pressure can
be observed and should have access to means for relieving the system pressure in the event of
overpressure. Before leaving the station the authorized person should lock or seal the stop
valves in the open position.
F323.4 (a) Specific Material Considerations - Irons — Cast, Malleable, and High Silicon (14.5%).
Their lack of ductility and their sensitivity to thermal and mechanical shock.
F323.4 (f) Specific Material Considerations - Copper and Copper Alloys - the susceptibility to
stress-corrosion cracking of copper-based alloys exposed to fluids such as ammonia or
ammonium compounds
V300.1 Elevated Temperature Service - operating condition: any condition of pressure and
temperature under which the design conditions are not exceeded. Excursion: any condition
under which pressure or temperature, or both, exceed the design conditions. The life assigned
to a piping system for design purposes, hours.
314.2.1 - Minimum wall schedule that can be used in a male threaded joint in normal
fluid service, carbon steel (notch sensitive) addressed on Table 314.2.1

Practice Question ASME B31.3
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I4I Academy ASME IX Bob Rasooli
ASME IX
Review Following Notes during/after Watching Video Presentation. This content might not be understandable without
watching related videos. This document is the summarized version of the video presentation and assists you to review the
ASME IX in the shorter time.

1. A WPS is a written document that provides direction to the welder or welding

operator for making production weld in accordance code requirement.
2. Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) - All parameters or Variables (essential-,

supplementary- and non-essential variables) shall be specified in this document
(see QW-200). This shall provide guidance for the welding personnel in the work
area.
3. A WPS should specify ranges of variables in accordance with Section IX.
4. A WPS shall be written and qualified - by the manufacturer using it for Code
production. Qualification is obtained by welding test pieces using the specified
variables and proving by mechanical testing that the welding process as specified
can be used to produce sound welds.
5. Procedure Qualification Records (PQR) - A WPS may only be used after successful
qualification. A test piece is welded using the specified variables and mechanically
tested. Both welding data and testing results are documented in the PQR.
A PQR shall list all essential variables at least. However, it is recommended to list
additional information during qualification.
6. A PQR as a record shall show actual values instead of qualified ranges, and may
not be revised. A manufacturer's representative shall certify correctness of the
records.
7. Joints and Welds
Definition of Joints Definition of Welds

8. ASME Section II - Materials
Part A: Ferrous Material Specification - Like SA 516 Gr. 70
Part B: Nonferrous Material Specification - Like SB 443 ALLOY 625 (Inconel 625)
Part C: Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals - Like ER-70S-2,
E7018
Part D: Properties (including Temperature and Stress Values)
SA 516 is ASME material and A516 is ASTM material.
9. P‐Numbers are assigned to base metals dependent on characteristics such as

composition, weldability, and mechanical properties. (SA 516 Gr 70)
10. Group Number is assigned additionally to the P number Materials. It divides one P
number to Several Group Number. It is used when impact testing is a requirement.
SA 516 Gr 55, 60, 65 P1 Group 1 and Gr 70 Group 2
1 Carbon Steel
3 Up to 1/2% Cr and up to 1/2% Mo
4 1 to 2% Cr and up to 1/2% Mo
5A 2 to 3% Cr, 1% Mo Alloy Steel
5B 5 to 10% Cr, 1% Mo Alloy Steel
5C All 5A and 5B Materials heat treated to 85ksi+

6 Martensitic Stainless Steel
7 Ferritic Stainless Steel
8 Austenitic Stainless Steel
9 2 to 5% Ni Alloy Steel
10 Mn-V, Cr-V, 9%Ni, High Cr Alloy Steels
11 Low Alloy Steel, Quenched and Tempered to 95ksi+
21 1.2% Mg or Mn alloy Aluminum
22 1.2% Mn, 2,5% Mg, 0.25% Cu Aluminium
23 1.3% Mg, 0.7% Si, 0.25% Cr Aluminium
23 1.3% Mg, 0.7% Si, 0.25% Cr Aluminium
25 1.5% Mg, 0.8% Mn, 0.15% Cr Aluminium
31 Copper
32 Admiralty, Naval, Aluminium Brass, Muntz Metal
33 Cu-Si Alloys
34 Cu-Ni Alloys
41 Nickel
51 Titanium
61 Zirconium
11. Section II Part C Contents
SFA-5.1Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.2Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding
SFA-5.3Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.4Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.5Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
SFA-5.6Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes
SFA-5.7Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes

SFA-5.8Filler Metal for Brazing and Braze Welding
SFA-5.9Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.10 Bare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.11 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding
SFA-5.12 Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and.Cutting
SFA-5.13 Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.14 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.15 Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron
SFA-5.16 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.17 Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
SFA-5.18 Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
SFA-5.20 Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
SFA-5.21 Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes
SFA-5.22 Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless
Steel Flux Cored Rods for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
SFA-5.23 Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding


12. F-numbers give similar usability aspects of filler material.

Example: E7018 / E7016 – F4 – SFA 5.1 & ER-70S SFA – 5.18 and F6
13. A-numbers give similar chem. comp. In “as welded” condition
14. Sample WPS and PQR

QW-482 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS (WPS)
(In line with ASME Section IX, Edition 2017)
Company Name PV OC Company By Mr. Mathew Smith

WPS No. WPS-001 Date 09.09.2018
Supporting PQR No(s). PQR-001 Date 10.14.2018
Welding Process(es) GTAW + SMAW Type Manual
Joints : (QW 402)
Joint Design:
Backing (Yes/ No) : Yes
Backing Material (Type) : N.A / or back welding
Retainers : N.A
Details
Base Metal (QW 403):

P. No. ___1__ Group No. _________ to P. No _____1_____ Group No. _____
OR
Specification Type and Grade to N.A
Specification Type and Grade
Groove Fillet
Thickness Range: Base Metal 3/16” to 8” ALL
Pipe 3/16” to 8” ALL
*Filler Metals(QW 404):

Specification No. (SFA) 5.18 5.1
AWS No. (Class) ER70S-2 E7018
F. No. 6 4
A. N0. 1 1
Size of filler metal  1/8” 3/32, 1/8
Weld Metal: Thickness Range
Groove 1/4” 8”
Page 1 of 7

Fillet ALL ALL
Positions (QW 405):
Position(s) of Groove All
Welding Progression : Uphill
Up/Down
Position(s) of Fillet All
Preheat (QW 406):
Preheat temp. (min) 250º F
Inter pass Temp. (max) 600° F
Preheat Maintenance -
Post Weld Heat Treatment (QW-407):
Temperature Range 1100 – 1200 °F
Time Range Up to 2” : 1 hr/in (15 min – minimum ) / over 2’’ to 5”
: 2 hr plus 15 min for each additional inch over 2
inch
Gas (QW-408):
Percentage Compositions
Gas( es ) Mixtures Flow Rate
Shielding Argon 100% 30-40 CFH
Trailing No. NA NA
Backing No. N/A NA
Electrical Characteristics (QW-409):
Travel
Weld Volt
Side Filler Metal Current Speed
Process Range
Layer (s) Range
Dia. Amp. Volts
Class Polarity in/min.
mm (Range) (Range)
ER70S
1 Root GTAW 1/8” DCEN 115-145 14-18 2-4
-2
1 Fill 1 SMAW E 7018 3/32” DCEP 70-100 23-29 1.5 - 4
Fill 2, 3,4,
1 SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCEP 90-160 22 - 28 1.5 - 4
5 / Cap
2 Fill /Cap SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCEP 90-160 22 - 28 1.5 - 4
Page 2 of 7

Tungsten Electrode Size and Type 1/16, 3/32 - N.A
EWTh-2
Technique (QW – 410):
String / Weave Bead String / Weave String / Weave
Orifice or Gas cup Size 4, 6, 8 N.A
Initial / Inter pass Cleaning Brushing + Brushing +
(Brushing/Grinding) Grinding Grinding
Method of back Gouging N. A. N.A
Multiple Pass or single pass (per side) Single Multiple
Multiple or single Electrode(s) Single Single
Peening No No.
Manufacturer PV OC Company , California
By Mr. Mathew Smith
Date 09.09.2018
Page 3 of 7

QW-483 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR)
Record of Actual Conditions Used to Weld Test Coupon
Company PV OC Company , California

Name
PQR No. PQR-001 Date 10.14.2018
WPS No. WPS-001 Date 09.09.2018
Welding GTAW + SMAW Type Manual
Process
Joints (QW 402)
Base Metals (QW 403):

Material Specifications SA 516 Gr 70 to SA 516 Gr 70
Type OR Grade Gr. 70 to Gr. 70
P. No. ___1______ to P. No ___1_______
Thickness of Test Coupon 1½“
Diameter of Test Coupon N.A
Other
Filler Metals (QW 404):
SFA Specification 5.18 5.1
AWS Classification ER-70S-2 E7018
Filler Metal F. No. 6 4
Weld Metal Analysis A. 1 1
N0.
Weld Metal Thickness 1/8” 1.375”
Other
Positions (QW 405):
Page 4 of 7

Position of Groove 1G
Welding Progression N.A
(Uphill/Downhill)
Other NA
Preheat (QW 406):

Preheat temp. 3000 F
Inter pass Temp. 550º F
Other
Post weld Heat Treatment (QW-407):

Temperature 11000 F
Time 2 Hr.
Other
Gas (QW-408):
Percentage Composition
Gas(es) Mixtures Flow Rate
Shielding Argon 100% 35CFH
Trailing No N.A N.A
Backing No. N.A N.A
Page 5 of 7

Travel
Weld Volt
Process Range
Layer (s) Range
Dia. Amp. Volts
mm (Range) (Range)
ER70S
1 Root GTAW 1/8” DCSP 130.0 16.0 3.0
-2
1 Fill 1 SMAW E 7018 3/32” DCRP 90.0 26.0 3.0
Fill 2, 3,4,
1 SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCRP 120 27 3.50
5 / Cap
2 Fill /Cap SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCRP 120 27 3.50
GTAW: 1/8”
SMAW: 1.375”
Deposition = 1/8” per pass approximately
Tungsten Electrode Size and Type 3/32 - EWTh-2 N.A
String / Weave Bead Weave Weave
Orifice or Gas cup Size 6 N.A
Peening No No.
Page 6 of 7

Tensile Test (QW – 150)
Specimen Width “ Thickness” Area “2 Ultimate Ultimate Type of failure
No. Total Unit and location
load lb Stress
psi
TP – 1 0.75” 1.5” 1.125” 85000 73400 W.M.
TP – 2 0.75” 1.5” 1.125” 78000 69333 B.M.
Guided Bend Test (QW-160)
4T X 180o Bend
Type and Figure No. Result
Side Bend – Sample No. 1 No Crack
Side Bend - Sample No. 3 Crack in HAZ, 3/32 in. Length
Side Bend - Sample No. 4 Crack in corner, 1/8 in
Toughness Test (QW 170) : N. A.

Specim Notch Specim Test Impact Values Drop Weight
en NO. Locatio en size temp. ft- lbs % shear Mils Break (Y/N)
n
1.
2.
Comment: _____________________________________________________________
Fillet Weld Test (QW 180) :

Result – Satisfactory: Yes ___________ No ___________
Penetration into Parent Yes ___________ No___________
Metal
Macro- Results
Other Test:
Type of Test Visual- OK
Deposit Analysis N.A
Other
Welder’s Name Mr. John Smith
Identification No. W-2
Test Conducted by OC Lab Testing
Laboratory Test No. TR-689
We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds
were prepared welded and tested in accordance with the requirements of Section
IX of the ASME Code.
Manufacturer PV OC Company
By Mr. Mathew Smith
Date 10.14.2018
Page 7 of 7

15. Essential variables (EV), if changed require new procedure qualification. Non-
essential variables (NEV) may be changed without new procedure qualification. But
the procedure must be revised.
16. Supplementary essential variables (SEV) are considered as (EV) only if there is
impact strength requirement. Otherwise, they are “non-essential” variables.
17. The WPS Shall Address EV, SEV and NEV (if impact test not required only EV’s
and NEV’s would be enough )
18. Procedure qualifications give suitability of weld for required mechanical properties
(i.e., strength, ductility). The PQR documents what occurred while welding the test
coupon and the result of testing of the coupon.
19. EV and SEV shall be addressed in the PQR document (if impact test not required
only EV’s would be enough)
20. Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record of the result obtained in
welding procedure and welder/operator performance qualifications. The records
shall be certified by manufacturer or contractor and accessible to the authorized
inspector.
21. WPS gives parameters to be used in the production job, and must be within ranges
qualified by the PQR test. WPS may be revised within the EVs qualified. The NEVs
can always be revised without affecting the validity of PQR.
22. Reviewing Essential and nonessential variables for GTAW – EV’s and NEV’s Only

QW-402.1 Grove design Change - A change in the type of groove (Vee groove, U‐groove,
single‐bevel, double‐bevel, etc.).
QW-402.5 + backing - The addition of a backing or a change in its nominal composition
QW-402.10 Change root spacing A change in the specified root spacing.
QW-402.11 +/- Retainer The addition or deletion of nonmetallic retainers or nonfusing metal
retainers.
QW-403.8 A change in base metal thickness beyond the range qualified in QW-451

QW-403.11 Base metals specified in the WPS shall be qualified by a procedure qualification test
that was made using base metals in accordance with QW-424.
QW-404.3 A change in the size of the filler metal.
QW-404.4 F- Number - A change from one F‐Number in Table QW-432
Example: E 7018 is F4 but 7028 is F1 and both are grouped under SFA 1
QW-404.5 A-Number -(Applicable only to ferrous metals.) A change in the chemical composition
of the weld deposit from one A‐Number to any other A‐Number in Table QW-442. Qualification
with A‐No. 1 shall qualify for A‐No. 2 and vice versa.
a) For all welding processes—from the chemical analysis of the weld deposit taken
from the procedure qualification test coupon.
b) For SMAW, GTAW, LBW, and PAW — from the chemical analysis of the weld
deposit prepared according to the filler metal specification, or from the chemical
composition as reported either in the filler metal specification or the
manufacturer’s or supplier’s certificate of compliance.
QW-404.14 The deletion or addition of filler metal.
QW-404.22 The omission or addition of consumable inserts
QW-404.23 A change from one of the following filler metal product forms to another: (a) bare
(solid or metal cored) (b) flux cored (c) flux coated (solid or metal cored) (d) powder

Example: ER 70 S – 2 100% AR now E 70 C- 3 75-25 AR –CO2 (Metal Cored) needs

requalification
QW-404.30 A change in deposited weld metal thickness beyond that qualified in accordance
with QW-451
QW-404.33 A change in the filler metal classification within an SFA specification
QW-404.50 The addition or deletion of flux to the face of a weld joint for the purpose of affecting
weld penetration
QW-405.1 The addition of other welding positions than those already qualified
QW-405.3 A change from upward to downward, or from downward to upward,
QW-406.1 A decrease of more than 100°F (55°C) in the preheat temperature qualified. The
minimum temperature for welding shall be specified in the WPS.
QW-407.1 A separate procedure qualification is required for each of the following:
(a) For P‐Numbers 1 through 6 and 9 through 15F materials, the following postweld heat
treatment conditions apply:
1) no PWHT
2) PWHT below the lower transformation temperature (1333 F)
3) PWHT above the upper transformation temperature (e.g., normalizing) (1500 F)

4) PWHT above the upper transformation temperature followed by heat treatment

below the lower transformation temperature (e.g., normalizing or quenching
followed by tempering)
5) PWHT between the upper and lower transformation temperatures
QW-408.1 The addition or deletion of trailing gas and/or a change in its composition.
Secondary inert shielding gas application is necessary to protect the cooling weld bead
and heat-affected zone.
QW-408.2 A separate procedure qualification is required for each of the following:
a) a change from a single shielding gas to any other single shielding gas
b) a change from a single shielding gas to a mixture of shielding gasses, and vice
versa
c) a change in the specified percentage composition of a shielding gas mixture
d) the addition or omission of shielding gas
QW-408.3 A change in the specified flow rate range of the shielding gas or mixture of gases.
QW-408.5 The addition or deletion of backing gas, a change in backing gas composition, or a
change in the specified flow rate range of the backing gas.
QW-408.9 For groove welds in P‐No. 41 (Nickel) through P‐No. 49 and all welds of P‐No. 10I,
P‐No. 10J, P‐No. 10K, P‐No. 51(Ti) through P‐No. 53, and P‐No. 61 through P‐No. 62 metals,
the deletion of backing gas or a change in the nominal composition of the backing gas from an
inert gas to a mixture including non‐inert gas(es).
QW-408.10 For P‐No. 10I, P‐No. 10J, P‐No. 10K, P‐No.51 through P‐No. 53, and P‐No. 61
through P‐No. 62 metals, the deletion of trailing gas, or a change in the nominal composition of
the trailing gas from an inert gas to a mixture including non‐inert gas(es), or a decrease of 10%
or more in the trailing gas flow rate.
QW-409.3 The addition or deletion of pulsing current to dc power source.
Changes in value but never changes direction.
QW-409.4 A change from AC to DC, or vice versa; and in DC welding, a change from electrode
negative (straight polarity) to electrode positive (reverse polarity), or vice versa.

QW-409.8 A change in the range of amperage, or except for SMAW, GTAW, or waveform
controlled welding, a change in the range of voltage. A change in the range of electrode wire
feed speed may be used as an alternative to amperage.
QW-409.12 A change in type or size of tungsten electrode.
QW-410.1 For manual or semiautomatic welding, a change from the stringer bead technique to
the weave bead technique, or vice versa.
QW-410.3 A change in the orifice, cup, or nozzle size.
QW-410.5 A change in the method of initial and interpass cleaning (brushing, grinding, etc.).
QW-410.6 A change in the method of back gouging.
QW-410.7 For the machine or automatic welding process, a change of more than ±10% in
width, frequency, or dwell time of oscillation technique.
This technique involves a small but continual change to the slope angle, while welding
QW-410.9 A change from multipass per side to single pass per side. This variable does not
apply when a WPS is qualified with a PWHT above the upper transformation temperature or
when an austenitic or P-No. 10H material is solution annealed after welding.
QW-410.10 A change from single electrode to multiple electrode, or vice versa, for machine or
automatic welding only. This variable does not apply when a WPS is qualified with a PWHT
above the upper transformation temperature or when an austenitic or P-No. 10H material is
solution annealed after welding.

QW-410.11 A change from closed chamber to out‐of chamber conventional torch welding in P‐
No. 51 through P‐No. 53 metals, but not vice versa.
QW-410.15 A change in the spacing of multiple electrodes for machine or automatic welding.
QW-410.25 A change from manual or semiautomatic to machine or automatic welding and vice
versa.
QW-410.26 The addition or deletion of peening.
QW-410.64 For vessels or parts of vessels constructed with P‐No. 11A and P‐No. 11B base
metals, weld grooves for thicknesses less than 5/8 in. (16 mm) shall be prepared by thermal
processes when such processes are to be employed during fabrication. This groove preparation
shall also include back gouging, back grooving, or removal of unsound weld metal by thermal
processes when these processes are to be employed during fabrication.
23. Sketch for WPS AND PQR Preparation
24. In welding procedure specification, generally P number, F number, A number,

PWHT and base material thickness (out of limit) are essential variables.

25. One PQR may qualify several WPS’s
Example:
26. One WPS may be supported by more PQR´s
Example:

27. Welding Variables for WPS
Example:
28. QW-253 Table GMAW – Thickness Qualified
QW-403.10 - GMAW-S
The thickness range qualified for GMAW-S is not exactly based on QW-451. If your test
coupon thickness is less than ½ inch then max qualified is 1.1 times to the test coupon
thickness. If your test coupon is greater than ½ inch then your thickness range is based on
QW-451
29. Examples: QW-451 T & t qualified

30. In welding procedure qualification, groove weld qualifies fillet welds. QW 202(c)
31. QW-202.4 Dissimilar Base Metal Thicknesses
Thinner Part: through table QW-451
Thicker Part: P8, P41, 42 … no limitation – test coupon t=1/4 or greater
For Other
Thicker Part: P1 and … based on QW-451 but if coupon is 1 ½” will be unlimited
Example 1:

Example 2:
32. QW 451 - Procedure Qualification: Tension test + Bend test
2 Tension Tests and 4 Bend Tests (2 Root + 2 Face)
4 Side Bend Tests if Test Coupon = > ¾ inch
QW-150 Tension Test (Plate – Reduced Section)
Up to including 1 inch shall be full thickness specimen used
Greater than 1 inch, full thickness or multiple specimens (each set shall represent a single
tension test of the full plate thickness)

33. QW 153 - Acceptance Criteria for Tension Test:
Weld metal strength = > Base metal SMTS
Base metal at strength = > 95% of base metal SMTS
Tension Test: Determines Tensile Strength Value
34. QW-163 Acceptance Criteria - Bend Tests
Crack =< 1/8” in any direction,
Crack from corner does not matter

35. Verify acceptability of Sample WPS and PQR – For Tension Test
36. Verify acceptability of Sample WPS and PQR – For bend Test
So both tension and bend test are acceptable based above mentioned criteria.

37. Welder's Performance Qualification (WPQ)
A welder or welding operator is qualified by the manufacturer employing him under the
requirements specified in QW-300. This shall prove the manual skills of the welder to
deposit sound weld metal.
Criteria such as welding positions, pipe diameter, and thickness of deposited weld metal,
etc. are relevant for the qualified range.
The WPQ is used to specify the range of the welder's qualification, but also to document his
qualification tests. The test pieces may be mechanically tested or examined by
radiography.
Manual welding; handheld process with guidance of the arc, travelling along the weld and
feeding of consumables manually by the welder.
Semiautomatic welding (e.g. GMAW); handheld process with guidance of the arc and
travelling along the weld manually by the welder, feeding of consumables automatically.
Machine welding (e.g. SAW); mechanized process under supervision and control of the
welding operator, who can adjust parameters.
Automatic welding (e.g. stud welding); fully automatic process with no adjusting by the
welding operator.
38. Each manufacturer or contractor (an assembler or an installer is to be included

within this premise) shall be responsible for conducting tests to qualify the
performance of welders and welding operators in accordance with qualified Welding
Procedure Specifications.

39. Reviewing Essential Variables for GTAW
QW-402.4 The deletion of the backing in single welded groove welds. Double‐welded groove
welds are considered welding with backing.
QW-403.16 A change in the pipe diameter beyond the range qualified in QW-452.3

QW-403.18 A change from one P‐Number to any other P‐Number or to a base metal not listed
in Table QW/QB-422, except as permitted in QW-423, and in QW-420.
QW-404.14 The deletion or addition of filler metal.
QW-404.15 A change from one F‐Number in Table QW-432 to any other F‐Number or to any
other filler metal, except as permitted in QW-433.
QW-404.22 The omission or addition of consumable inserts. Qualification in a single‐welded

butt joint, with or without consumable inserts, qualifies for fillet welds and single‐welded butt
joints with backing or double‐welded butt joints.
QW-404.23 A change from one of the following filler metal product forms to another:
(a) bare (solid or metal cored), (b) flux cored, (c) flux coated (solid or metal cored), (d) powder

QW-404.30 A change in deposited weld metal thickness beyond that qualified in accordance
QW-452 for performance qualification:
When a welder is qualified using volumetric examination, the maximum thickness stated in
Table QW-452.1(b) applies.
QW-405.1 The addition of other welding positions than those already qualified. see QW-120,
QW-130, QW-203, and QW-303.
QW-303.1 Groove Welds — General. Welders and welding operators who pass the required
tests for groove welds in the test positions of Table QW-461.9 shall be qualified for the positions
of groove welds, tack welds in joints to be groove or fillet welded, and fillet welds shown in Table
QW-461.9.

1G is Flat, 2 G is Horizontal, 3 G is Vertical and 4 G is the Overhead
1 G or flat can weld flat only
2 G or Horizontal can weld same position plus flat

3 G or vertical can weld same position plus flat
4 G or overhead can weld same position plus flat
5 G (Pipe) can weld same position plus flat, vertical and overhead
2 G and 5 G can weld everything same goes for 6 G
QW-405.3 A change from upward to downward, or from downward to upward, in the

progression specified for any pass of a vertical weld, except that the cover or wash pass may be
up or down. The root pass may also be run either up or down when the root pass is removed to
sound weld metal in the preparation for welding the second side.
QW-408.8 The omission of backing gas except that requalification is not required when welding
a single welded butt joint with a backing strip or a double‐welded butt joint or a fillet weld. This
exception does not apply to P‐No. 51 through P‐No. 53, P‐No. 61 through P‐No. 62, and P‐No.
10I metals.
40. Performance qualifications show the ability of the welder to deposit sound weld.
Performance Qualification: Bend test or Radiography / Ultrasonic
1 Root and 1 Face Bend tests (2 side bend tests if greater than ¾ inch)
Acceptance Criteria for Bend Test :
No Crack more than 1/8 inch
Acceptance Criteria for Radiography (QW 191):
Stringer than Production Weld
41. When the welder or welding operator is qualified by radiography, the minimum
length of coupon to be examined shall be 6 inches and shall include the entire weld
circumference for pipe
42. Production Test: Same 6 inches for Welders and 3 ft. for Welding Operators
43. Radiography Only in Following Process:

SMAW SAW, GTAW, PAW and GMAW (except short-circuiting)
44. Immediate Retest by Mechanical Testing
Visual fails ☞ Two coupon Select one for Mechanical Testing
Immediate Retest by Radiography
Visual fails ☞ Two coupon (each 6 inch) Select one for RT
45. Qualification is Affected When:
Not Welded in Last 6 Months for Specified Process
Specific reason to question his ability to make welds that meet the specification
46. Standard WPS - QW-500: SWPS May be used:
a) when listed in Appendix E

b) SWPS shall bear the Manufacturer‘s name, Construction Code and any other
fabrication requirements, Sign and Date
c) The use of SWPS shall be described in the QC system
d) Construction Code requirements shall precede
e) Only when impact testing is not required
f) The Manufacturer shall weld and test one groove weld test coupon following that
SWPS. Records per QW-510(d)
g) Additional Requirements for the use in QW-540

47. Review WPS and PQR with Impact Testing (Supplementary Essential Variable) -
GTAW
QW-403.5 Welding procedure specifications shall be qualified using one of the following:
a) the same base metal (including type or grade) to be used in production welding
b) for ferrous materials, a base metal listed in the same P‐Number Group Number
in Table QW/QB-422 as the base metal to be used in production welding
QW-403.6 The minimum base metal thickness qualified is the thickness of the test coupon T or
5/8 in. (16 mm), whichever is less. However, where T is 1/4 in. (6 mm) or less, the minimum
thickness qualified is 1/2T.
QW-404.12 A change in the filler metal classification within an SFA specification, or for a filler
metal not covered by an SFA specification or a filler metal with a “G” suffix within an SFA
specification, a change in the trade designation of the filler metal.

QW-405.2 A change from any position to the vertical position uphill progression. Vertical‐uphill
progression (e.g., 3G, 5G, or 6G position) qualifies for all positions. In uphill progression, a
change from stringer bead to weave bead. This variable does not apply when a WPS is qualified
with a PWHT above the upper transformation temperature or when an austenitic material is
solution annealed after welding.
QW-406.3 An increase of more than 100°F (55°C) in the maximum inter-pass temperature
recorded on the PQR.
QW-407.2 A change in the postweld heat treatment (see QW-407.1) temperature and time
range The procedure qualification test shall be subjected to PWHT essentially equivalent to that
encountered in the fabrication of production welds, including at least 80% of the aggregate
times at temperature(s). The PWHT total time(s) at temperature(s) may be applied in one
heating cycle.
QW-409.1 An increase in heat input, or an increase in volume of weld metal deposited per unit
length of weld, for each process recorded on the PQR. For arc welding, the increase shall be
determined by (a), (b), or (c)

48. Review modified WPS and PQR to see how it should be performed when impact
testing is being required by construction code:

QW-482 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS (WPS)
Company Name PV OC Company By Mr. Mathew Smith

WPS No. WPS-001 WPS-002 Date 09.09.2018
Supporting PQR No(s). PQR-001 PQR-002 Date 10.14.2018
Welding Process(es) GTAW + SMAW Type Manual
Joints : (QW 402)
Joint Design:
Backing (Yes/ No) : Yes
Backing Material (Type) : N.A / or back welding
Retainers : N.A
Details
QW - 403.5
Base Metal (QW 403):
2
P. No. ___1__ Group No. _________ 2
to P. No _____1_____ Group No. _____
OR
Specification Type and Grade to N.A QW-403.6
Specification Type and Grade
Groove Fillet
Thickness Range: Base Metal 5/8" 3/16” to 8” ALL
Pipe 5/8" 3/16” to 8” ALL
*Filler Metals(QW 404): QW-404.12

Specification No. (SFA) 5.18 5.1
AWS No. (Class) ER70S-2 E7018
F. No. 6 4
A. N0. 1 1
Weld Metal: Thickness Range
Groove 1/4” 8”
Page 1 of 7

Fillet ALL ALL
Positions (QW 405):
Position(s) of Groove All QW-405 -2
Welding Progression : Uphill
VERTICAL
Up/Down
Position(s) of Fillet All
Preheat (QW 406):
Preheat temp. (min) 250º F
Inter pass Temp. (max) 600° F
Preheat Maintenance -
Post Weld Heat Treatment (QW-407):
Temperature Range 1100 – 1200 °F
Time Range Up to 2” : 1 hr/in (15 min – minimum ) / over 2’’ to 5”
: 2 hr plus 15 min for each additional inch over 2
inch 3.5 HR
Gas (QW-408):
Percentage Compositions
Gas( es ) Mixtures Flow Rate
Shielding Argon 100% 30-40 CFH
Trailing No. NA NA
Backing No. N/A NA
Travel
Weld Volt
Process Range
Layer (s) Range
Dia. Amp. Volts
mm (Range) (Range)
ER70S
1 Root GTAW 1/8” DCEN 115-145 14-18 2-4
-2
1 Fill 1 SMAW E 7018 3/32” DCEP 70-100 23-29 1.5 - 4
Fill 2, 3,4,
1 SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCEP 90-160 22 - 28 1.5 - 4
5 / Cap
2 Fill /Cap SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCEP 90-160 22 - 28 1.5 - 4
Heat Input Root = 41600 J/min

fill side 1 = 46800 J/min
fill and cap side 1 = 55542 J/min
fill and cap side 2 = 55542 J/min
Page 2 of 7

Tungsten Electrode Size and Type 1/16, 3/32 - N.A
EWTh-2
String / Weave Bead String / Weave String / Weave
Orifice or Gas cup Size 4, 6, 8 N.A
Peening No No.
Manufacturer PV OC Company , California
By Mr. Mathew Smith
Date 09.09.2018
Page 3 of 7

QW-483 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (PQR)
Record of Actual Conditions Used to Weld Test Coupon
Company PV OC Company , California

Name
PQR No. PQR-001 PQR-002 Date 10.14.2018
WPS No. WPS-001 Date 09.09.2018
WPS-002
Welding GTAW + SMAW Type Manual
Process
Joints (QW 402)
Base Metals (QW 403):

Material Specifications SA 516 Gr 70 to SA 516 Gr 70
Type OR Grade 2 Gr. 70 to Gr. 70
P. No. ___1______ to P. No ___1_______
Thickness of Test Coupon 1½“
Diameter of Test Coupon N.A
Other
Filler Metals (QW 404):
SFA Specification 5.18 5.1
AWS Classification ER-70S-2 E7018
Filler Metal F. No. 6 4
Weld Metal Analysis A. 1 1
N0.
Weld Metal Thickness 1/8” 1.375”
Other
Positions (QW 405):
Page 4 of 7

Position of Groove 1G 3G
Welding Progression N.A
(Uphill/Downhill)
Other NA
Preheat (QW 406):

Preheat temp. 3000 F
Inter pass Temp. 550º F
Other
Post weld Heat Treatment (QW-407):

Temperature 11000 F
Time 2 Hr.
3.0 hr
Other
Gas (QW-408):
Percentage Composition
Gas(es) Mixtures Flow Rate
Shielding Argon 100% 35CFH
Trailing No N.A N.A
Backing No. N.A N.A
Page 5 of 7

Travel
Weld Volt
Process Range
Layer (s) Range
Dia. Amp. Volts
mm (Range) (Range)
ER70S
1 Root GTAW 1/8” DCSP 130.0 16.0 3.0
-2
1 Fill 1 SMAW E 7018 3/32” DCRP 90.0 26.0 3.0
Fill 2, 3,4,
1 SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCRP 120 27 3.50
5 / Cap
2 Fill /Cap SMAW E 7018 1/8” DCRP 120 27 3.50
Heat Input Root = 41600 J/min

fill side 1 = 46800 J/min
fill and cap side 1 = 55542 J/
min
fill and cap side 2 = 55542 J/
min
GTAW: 1/8”
SMAW: 1.375”
Deposition = 1/8” per pass approximately
Tungsten Electrode Size and Type 3/32 - EWTh-2 N.A
String / Weave Bead Weave Weave
Orifice or Gas cup Size 6 N.A
Peening No No.
Page 6 of 7

Tensile Test (QW – 150)
Specimen Width “ Thickness” Area “2 Ultimate Ultimate Type of failure
No. Total Unit and location
load lb Stress
psi
TP – 1 0.75” 1.5” 1.125” 85000 73400 W.M.
TP – 2 0.75” 1.5” 1.125” 69333 69000 B.M.
Guided Bend Test (QW-160)
4T X 180o Bend
Type and Figure No. Result
Side Bend - Sample No. 3 Crack in HAZ, 3/32 in. Length
Side Bend - Sample No. 4 Crack in corner, 1/8 in
Toughness Test (QW 170) : N. A.

Specim Notch Specim Test Impact Values Drop Weight
en NO. Locatio en size temp. ft- lbs % shear Mils Break (Y/N)
n
1. Weld 3 -30 F
20, 35, N/A N/A N/A
18
2. HAZ 3 -30 F 35, 40, N/A N/A N/A
25
Comment: _____________________________________________________________
Fillet Weld Test (QW 180) :

Result – Satisfactory: Yes ___________ No ___________
Penetration into Parent Yes ___________ No___________
Metal
Macro- Results
Other Test:
Type of Test Visual- OK
Deposit Analysis N.A
Other
Welder’s Name Mr. John Smith
Identification No. W-2
Test Conducted by OC Lab Testing
Laboratory Test No. TR-689
We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds
were prepared welded and tested in accordance with the requirements of Section
IX of the ASME Code.
Manufacturer PV OC Company
By Mr. Mathew Smith
Date 10.14.2018
Page 7 of 7

Practice Questions
ASME IX
At this time use your credential and log on to the Exam Portal and take ASME IX Open Book
Practice Exam.
Have the 5 WPS’s and PQR’s available for this test. It is located just after this page. You may
also look at the ASME Section IX while answering to the questions.
In next step, take ASME IX Close Book Exam
The practice application reveals correct answer instantly right after you submitted the answer for
each question and also provides the clause number that the question being taken.
Study as much as needed to understand questions and the answers. Refer to ASME IX and

I4I Academy ASME V Bob Rasooli
www.inspection-for-industry.com Video Training
ASME V
This handout needs to be reviewed during/after watching video presentation

Definitions:
1. ASME Sec. V is NDT procedure/methods code and is applicable only if it is referenced by

the relevant construction code. The extent of NDT and acceptance standards is stipulated in
relevant construction code.
2. Area of interest: the specific portion of the object that is to be evaluated as defined by the
referencing Code Section.
3. Indication: the response or evidence from a nondestructive examination that requires

interpretation to determine relevance.
4. Inspection: the observation of any operation performed on materials and/or components to

determine its acceptability in accordance with given criteria.
5. Method: the following is a list of nondestructive examination methods and
respective abbreviations used within the scope of Section V: RT — Radiography
UT — Ultrasonics, MT — Magnetic Particle, PT — Liquid Penetrants, VT — Visual, LT

— Leak Testing, ET — Electromagnetic (Eddy Current), AE — Acoustic Emission
6. Procedure: an orderly sequence of actions describing how a specific technique shall be

applied.
7. Procedure qualification: when a written nondestructive examination procedure is qualified in

accordance with the detailed requirements of the referencing Code Section.
8. Technique: a technique is a specific way of utilizing a particular nondestructive examination

(NDE) method.
9. Calibration: instrument, n—the comparison of an instrument with, or the adjustment of an

instrument to, a known reference(s) often traceable to the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST).
10. Inspection is performed by AI and Examination is performed by manufacturer's personnel.
11. Acceptance criteria are to be applied to indications and not actual size of the discontinuity.
12. Defect, n—one or more flaws whose aggregate size, shape, orientation, location, or
properties do not meet specified acceptance criteria and are rejectable.
13. Discontinuity, n — a lack of continuity or cohesion; an intentional or unintentional

interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a material or component.

14. Evaluation — a review, following interpretation of the indications noted, to determine

whether they meet specified acceptance criteria.
15. False indication, n—an NDT indication that is interpreted to be caused by a condition other
than a discontinuity or imperfection.
16. Flaw, n — an imperfection or discontinuity that may be detectable by nondestructive testing

and is not necessarily rejectable.
17. Flaw characterization, n — the process of quantifying the size, shape, orientation, location,
growth, or other properties, of a flaw based on NDT response.
18. Imperfection, n — a departure of a quality characteristic from its intended condition.
19. Interpretation—the determination of whether indications are relevant or nonrelevant.
20. Nondestructive Testing (NDT), n—the development and application of technical methods to
examine materials or components in ways that do not impair future usefulness and
serviceability in order to detect, locate, measure and evaluate flaws; to assess integrity,
properties and composition; and to measure geometrical characteristics.
21. Nonrelevant indication, n—an NDT indication that is caused by a condition or type of
discontinuity that is not rejectable. False indications are non-relevant.
22. Reference standard, n—a material or object for which all relevant chemical and physical
characteristics are known and measurable, used as a comparison for, or standardization of,
equipment or instruments used for nondestructive testing.
23. Relevant indication, n—an NDT indication that is caused by a condition or type of
discontinuity that requires evaluation.
RT
24. Artifact—spurious indication on a radiograph arising from, but not limited to, faulty
manufacture, storage, handling, exposure, or processing. (RT)
25. Back scattered radiation—radiation which is scattered more than 90° with respect to the
incident beam, that is, backward in the general direction of the radiation source. (RT)
26. Cassette—a light-tight container for holding radiographic recording media during exposure,
for example, film, with or without intensifying or conversion screens. (RT)
27. Densitometer—a device for measuring the optical density of radiograph film. (RT)

28. Film density—the quantitative measure of diffuse optical light transmission (optical density,
blackening) through a developed film. (RT)
29. Gamma-radiography—a technique of producing radiographs using gamma-rays. (RT)
30. Geometric unsharpness—the penumbral shadow in a radiological image which is dependent

upon 1) the radiation source dimensions, 2) the source to object distance, and 3) object to
detector distance. (RT)
31. Image quality indicator (IQI)—in industrial radiology, a device or combination of devices
whose demonstrated image or images provide visual or quantitative data, or both, to
determine radiologic quality and sensitivity. Also known as a penetrameter (disparaged).
(RT)
32. IQI sensitivity—in radiography, the minimum discernible image and the designated hole in
the plate-type, or the designated wire image in the wire type image quality indicator. (RT)
33. Location marker—a number or letter made of lead (Pb) or other highly radiation attenuative
material that is placed on an object to provide traceability between a specific area on the
image and the part. (RT)
34. Radiograph—a permanent, visible image on a recording medium produced by penetrating

radiation passing through the material being tested. (RT)
35. Radiographic contrast—the difference in density from one area to another of a radiograph,
resulting from the combination of film contrast and subject contrast. (RT)
36. Radiographic inspection—the use of X rays or nuclear radiation, or both, to detect

discontinuities in material, and to present their images on a recording medium. (RT)
37. Step-wedge calibration film—a step-wedge comparison film the densities of which are
traceable to a nationally recognized standardizing body. (RT)
PT
38. Back light—electromagnetic radiation in the near-ultraviolet range of wavelength (PT)
39. Bleed out—the action of an entrapped liquid penetrant in surfacing from discontinuities to
form indications. (PT)

40. Blotting—the action of the developer in soaking up the penetrant from the discontinuity to
accelerate bleedout. (PT)
41. Carrier—a liquid, either aqueous or nonaqueous, in which liquid penetrant testing materials
are dissolved or suspended. (PT)
42. Contaminant—any foreign substance present on the test surface or in the inspection
materials which will adversely affect the performance of liquid penetrant materials. (PT)
43. Contrast—the difference in visibility (brightness or coloration) between an indication and the
background. (PT)
44. Developer—a material that is applied to the test surface to accelerate bleedout and to
enhance the contrast of indications. (PT)
45. Developer, aqueous—a suspension of developer particles in water. (PT)
46. Developer, dry powder—a fine free-flowing powder used as supplied. (PT)
47. Developer, non-aqueous—developer particles suspended in a nonaqueous vehicle prior to

application. (PT)
48. Developing time—the elapsed time between the application of the developer and the
examination of the part. (PT)
49. Dwell time—the total time that the penetrant or emulsifier is in contact with the test surface,
including the time required for application and the drain time. (PT)
50. Emulsification time—the time that an emulsifier is permitted to remain on the part to combine
with the surface penetrant prior to removal. Also called emulsification dwell time. (PT)
51. Emulsifier—a liquid that interacts with an oily substance to make it water-washable. (PT)
52. Emulsifier, hydrophilic—a water-based liquid used in penetrant testing, which interacts with
the penetrant oil rendering it water-washable. (PT)
53. Emulsifier, lipophilic—an oil based liquid used in penetrant testing, which interacts with the
penetrant oil rendering it water-washable. (PT)
54. Etching—the removal of surface material by chemical or electrochemical methods. (PT)
55. Fluorescence—the emission of visible radiation by a substance as a result of, and only
during, the absorption of black light radiation. (PT)

56. Overwashing—too long or too vigorous washing, or both, which results in removal of
penetrants from some discontinuities. (PT)
57. Penetrant—a solution or suspension of dye. (PT)
58. Penetrant, fluorescent—a penetrant that emits visible radiation when excited by black light.
(PT)
59. Penetrant, solvent-removable—a liquid penetrant so formulated that most of the excess
surface penetrant can be removed by wiping with a lint-free material, with the remaining
surface penetrant traces removable by further wiping with a lint-free material lightly
moistened with solvent remover. (PT)
60. Penetrant, visible—a liquid penetrant that is characterized by an intense color, usually red.
(PT)
61. Penetrant, water-washable—a liquid penetrant with a built-in emulsifier. (PT)
62. Post-cleaning—the removal of residual liquid penetrant testing materials from the test part
after the penetrant examination has been completed. (PT)
63. Sensitivity level—the descriptive term for identifying the capability of a penetrant system to
indicate the presence of a surface-connected discontinuity. Ranging from 1⁄2 (ultra low) to 4
(ultra high). (PT)
64. Type—the descriptive term for designating a penetrant as either fluorescent (type 1) or
visible (type 2). (PT)
65. Visual adaptation—the adjustment of the eyes when one passes from a bright to a darkened
place. (PT)
MT
66. Arc strikes—localized burn damage to a part from an arc caused by making or breaking an
energized electrical circuit. (MT)
67. Circular magnetization—the magnetization in a part resulting from current passed directly
through the part or through a central conductor. (MT)
68. Coil technique—a technique of magnetization in which all, or a portion, of the part is
encircled by a current-carrying coil. (MT)
69. Demagnetization—the reduction of residual magnetism to an acceptable level. (MT)

70. Dry technique—the examination technique in which the ferromagnetic particles are applied
in the dry powder form. (MT)
71. Examination medium—a powder or suspension of magnetic particles that is applied to a

magnetized test surface to determine the presence or absence of surface or slightly
subsurface discontinuities. (MT)
72. Ferromagnetic—a term applied to materials that can be magnetized or strongly attracted by
a magnetic field. (MT)
73. Field, magnetic leakage—the magnetic field that leaves or enters the surface of a part at a
discontinuity or change in section configuration of a magnetic circuit. (MT)
74. Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection—the magnetic particle inspection process

employing a finely divided fluorescent ferromagnetic inspection medium that fluoresces
when activated by black light (MT)
75. Gaussmeter, n—a device that measures magnetic flux density or magnetic induction (a
quantity directly related to magnetic field strength or magnetic force); also known as a Tesla
Meter or Magnetometer. (MT)
76. Light intensity—the light energy reaching a unit area of surface per unit time.(MT)
77. Magnetic particle field indicator—an instrument, typically a bi-metal (for example, carbon
steel and copper) octagonal disk, containing artificial flaws used to verify the adequacy or
direction, or both, of the magnetizing field. (MT)
78. Magnetic particle testing—a nondestructive test method utilizing magnetic leakage fields
and suitable indicating materials to disclose surface and near-surface discontinuity
indications. (MT)
79. Multidirectional magnetization—the alternative application of magnetic fields in different

directions during the same time frame.(MT)
80. Near surface discontinuity—a discontinuity not open to, but lying near, the surface of a part
undergoing examination which produces broad, fuzzy, lightly held powder patterns.(MT)
81. Pole—the area on a magnetized part from which the magnetic field is leaving or returning
into the part. (MT)
82. Prods—hand-held electrodes(MT)

83. Wet technique—the examination technique in which the magnetic particles are suspended
in a liquid vehicle. (MT)
84. Yoke magnetization—a longitudinal magnetic field induced in a part, or in an area of a part,
by means of an external electromagnet shaped like a yoke. (MT)
UT
85. A-scan—a method of data presentation utilizing a horizontal base line that indicates
distance, or time, and a vertical deflection from the base line which indicates amplitude. (UT)
86. Angle beam—a term used to describe an angle of incidence or refraction other than normal
to the surface of the test object, as in angle beam examination, angle beam search unit,
angle beam longitudinal waves, and angle beam shear waves. (UT)
87. B-scan presentation—a means of ultrasonic data presentation which displays a cross
section of the specimen indicating the approximate length (as detected per scan) of
reflectors and their relative positions. (UT)
88. C-scan—an ultrasonic data presentation which provides a plan view of the test object, and
discontinuities therein. (UT)
89. Couplant—a substance used between the search unit and examination surface to permit or
improve transmission of ultrasonic energy. (UT)
90. Dead zone—the distance in the material from the surface of the test object to the depth at
which a reflector can first be resolved under specified conditions. It is determined by the
characteristics of the search unit, the ultrasonic test instrumentation, and the test object.
(UT)
91. Reference block—a block that is used both as a measurement scale and as a means of
providing an ultrasonic reflection of known characteristics.(UT)
92. Scanning—the movement of a search unit relative to the test piece in order to examine a
volume of the material.(UT)
93. Shear wave—wave motion in which the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of
propagation. (UT)
94. Straight beam—a vibrating pulse wave train traveling normal to the test surface.(UT)

95. Testing, ultrasonic—a nondestructive method of examining materials by introducing

ultrasonic waves into, through or onto the surface of the article being examined and
determining various attributes of the material from effects on the ultrasonic waves.(UT)
96. Transducer—an electroacoustical device for converting electrical energy into acoustical
energy and vice versa (UT)

Radiography Testing:
1) T-221.1 - Written Procedure. Radiographic examination shall be performed in accordance

with a written procedure. At least shall include following:
a) material type and thickness range
b) isotope or maximum X-ray voltage used
c) source-to-object distance (D in T-274.1)
d) distance from source side of object to film (d in T-274.1)
e) source size (F in T-274.1)
f) film brand and designation
g) screens used
T-221.2 Shall be qualified by density and IQI measurement result on production work
2) T-223 Backscatter
A lead symbol “B,”
Shall be attached to the back of each film holder during
each exposure
to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the film.
 Height of letter min ½
 Thickness min 1/16 inch
Backscatter: Light image of B on dark background -

Unacceptable
3) Density Limitations:
Min 1.8 for X Ray / 2.0 for Gamma-Ray
Max 4.0 for X / Gamma Ray
Density Variation = -15 % to + 30%
Example: Density 3.0 then min 2.55 thru 3.9
4) A IQI is a device used to determine the image quality of radiograph

Material Group Number 1 assigned to Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel
Refer to SE-747 for more details
Wire Type IQI – 6 wires thicker to thinner from right to left
5) IQI Selection: Table T-276. Thickness + weld reinforcement (But not backing)

Essential wire must be visible in radiograph.
Example: 3.25 inch +0.125 = 3.375
Essential wire 13 – source side
6) A filmside IQI can be used for Inaccessible welds (unable to hand place a source IQI)
“F" designation is used to indicate the IQI is on the film side
7) IQI Location – The IQI(s) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is
perpendicular to the length of the weld.
8) IQI on DWT/DWV – A IQI is used on a DWT/DWV. The IQI selection is based on the single
wall thickness plus weld reinforcement (do not add two wall thickness just one wall and one
reinforcement)

9) Hole Type IQI
Material Group and Identifying Notches
2 T hole must be visible in radiograph
The 2T hole is in the right of IQI
No Notch for carbon alloy and stainless steel
For material group and other information refer to SE-1025
IQI Location – The hole type IQI shall be parallel to weld
10) T-291 (Documentation Requirements)

Produce permanent Identification on each radiograph traceable to the contract, component,
weld seam, etc. organization symbol or name and date shall be included – not necessarily at
the radiograph image
Location marker – if not possible for inaccessibility – dimensional map shall be provided.
(Location Marker – Must be on Radiograph)
Number of radiographs (exposures)
X-ray voltage or isotope type used
Source size (F – in geometric unsharpness formula)

Base material type and thickness, weld thickness, weld reinforcement thickness, as
applicable
Source-to-object distance (D – in geometric unsharpness formula)
Distance from source side of object to film (d in geometric unsharpness formula)
Film manufacturer and their assigned type/ designation number of film in each film
holder/cassette
Single - or double-wall exposure
Single - or double-wall viewing
11) Densitometer shall be calibrated as a minimum every 90 days.

Densitometers shall be calibrated by verification with a calibrated Step Wedge Comparison
Strip. Traceable to a national standard step tablet and having at least five steps with neutral
densities from at least 1.0 through 4.0, shall be used.
The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than ±0.05
density units from the actual density stated on the national standard step tablet or step
wedge calibration film.
12) Techniques:
SWT: Pass 1 wall, view one wall
DWT-SWV: Pass 2 walls, view film side wall, 3 shots at 120˚
DWT- DWV: Pass 2 walls, view both sides, <3.5 inch, 2 shots at 90˚
DWT -DWV Superimposed: Pass 2 walls, view both sides, <3.5 inch Min 3 shots at 60˚ or
120˚
13) The Number of shots
SWT Pass 1 wall, view one wall (Plate RT like pressure vessels or storage tanks)
panoramic included.

Pipes
DWT-SWV: Pass 2 walls, view film side wall,
3 shots at 120˚
Pipes
DWT- DWV: Pass 2 walls, view both sides,
<3.5 inch pipe, 2 shots at 90˚

Pipes
DWT -DWV Superimposed: Pass 2 walls, view both sides,
<3.5 inch pipe Min 3 shots at 60˚ or 120˚
14) Number of IQI’s:

At least one per each radiograph
Except for panoramic (source is placed on the axis of the component for a single exposure)
at least 3 spaced 120 degree apart.
15) T-274.1 Geometric Unsharpness Determination.
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed
d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film
F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal
spot) in the plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being
radiographed
Ug = geometric unsharpness

Geometric Unsharpness Limitations
Liquid Penetrant Examination
1) Detecting discontinuities which are open to the surface of nonporous metals and other
materials. Typical discontinuities detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold
shuts, laminations, and porosity.
In principle, a liquid penetrant is applied to the surface to be examined and allowed to enter
discontinuities. All excess penetrant is then removed, the part is dried, and a developer is
applied. The developer functions both as a blotter to absorb penetrant that has been trapped
in discontinuities, and as a contrasting background to enhance the visibility of penetrant
indications. The dyes in penetrants are either color contrast (visible under white light) or
fluorescent (visible under ultraviolet light).
2) Table T-621.1 - Requirements of a Liquid Penetrant Examination Procedure

Procedure qualification required when specified by referencing code(construction code)
3) Control of Contaminants:
Sulphur content shall not exceed 1 % when testing Nickel Alloy
Halogens content (chlorine + fluorine) shall not exceed 1 % when testing Austenitic or Duplex
Stainless Steel and Titanium
Certification of contaminants shall be obtained for all PT materials used on nickel base alloys,
austenitic or duplex stainless steels, and titanium.
o o
4) Temp. shall be between 40 F-125 F (5 C to 52 C), for standard procedures.
5) 1 in. (25 mm) Cleaning Requirement: All adjacent areas shall be dry and free of all dirt,
grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, paint, oil, and other extraneous matter that
could obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere with the examination.
6) Penetrants are color (visible) type and fluorescent type. Each of these have: Water washable,
Post emulsifying, Solvent removable, thus, total 6 categories of penetrant are available.
7) Light meters, both visible and fluorescent (black) light meters, shall be calibrated at least
once a year or whenever the meter has been repaired.
8) Dwell Time – Table T-672 (Welds and casting 5 min) – Forging (10 min) – not more than 2
hrs. – shall not be allowed to dry.
9) Water Spray – Not Exceed 50 PSI, 110 F for Water Washable Type – alternative can be
removed by wiping with clean, dry lint-free cloth
10) Emulsifier – After Penetrant Application and Completion of Dwell Time
11) Lipophilic - Without Pre-Rinsing – immersing or flooding the part with emulsifier. Time by
experiment
12) Hydrophilic – After Pre-Rinsing with Water
13) Solvent removal Penetrant by wiping with clean, dry and lint-free cloth
14) Drying process: water washable and post emulsifying with blotting clean material or
circulating air not above 125 F – Solvent removal – normal evaporation
15) Developer application – insufficient coating thickness may not draw the penetrant out
16) Excessive coating thickness may mask indication

17) Final Interpretation – After 10 to 60 Min
18) Light Intensity – Min 100 fc (1000 lx) – Color contrast
19) Black Light Intensity - Min1000 μW/cm2
20) 5 Minutes Requirements: Examiner shall be in Darkened area Prior to the Test
21) Examiner Glasses or Lens: Should not be Photosensitive
22) Black Light Intensity – With Black Light Meter in the fluorescent Technique
23) Black Light Intensity Measurement - Prior to use, Power Source Interruption and at the
Completion of the Examination or Series of Examination
24) Penetrants Materials - Same Manufacturer
25) T-680 EVALUATION
By referencing code
Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by bleed-out of penetrant - localized

surface irregularities due to machining marks or other surface conditions may produce
false indications.
Broad areas of fluorescence or pigmentation which could mask indications of

discontinuities are unacceptable, and such areas shall be cleaned and reexamined.
26) T-690 Recording of Indication
Non-rejectable indication shall be recorded as per specified referencing code
Rejectable indications shall be recorded. As a minimum, the type of indications (linear or

rounded), location and extent (length or diameter or aligned) shall be recorded..
27) T-692 EXAMINATION RECORDS
a) the requirements of Article 1, T-190(a); (date, name and identity of examiner,

weld or part number, method, technique, procedure identification, result of
examination
b) liquid penetrant type (visible or fluorescent);
c) type (number or letter designation) of each penetrant, penetrant remover,
emulsifier, and developer used;
d) map or record of indications per T-691;

e) material and thickness, and;

f) lighting equipment.
Magnetic Particle Examination:
1) Typical types of discontinuities that can be detected by this method are cracks, laps, seams,
cold shuts, and laminations.
The magnetic particle examination method is applied to detect cracks and other
discontinuities on the surfaces of ferromagnetic materials. The sensitivity is greatest for
surface discontinuities and diminishes rapidly with increasing depth of discontinuities below
the surface. In principle, this method involves magnetizing an area to be examined, and
applying ferromagnetic particles (the examination’s medium) to the surface. Whichever
technique is used to produce the magnetic flux in the part, maximum sensitivity will be to
linear discontinuities oriented perpendicular to the lines of flux.
2) For optimum effectiveness in detecting all types of discontinuities, each area is to be

examined at least twice, with the lines of flux during one examination being approximately
perpendicular to the lines of flux during the other.

3) Temperature Limit - Within Specified Range by Particle Manufacturer
4) Cleaning Requirements - All adjacent areas within at least 1 in. (25 mm) shall be dry and free
of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux and spatter, oil, or other extraneous matter that
could interfere with the examination.
5) When coatings are applied to enhance contrast, the procedure must be demonstrated that
indications can be detected through the coating.
6) Prod Technique:
a) Use direct (rectified) current for magnetization, Prod spacing 3” to 8”,
b) Useful for surface and sub-surface defects.
c) Create Circular Magnetic Field
7) Yoke Technique:
a) Use D.C. or A.C. or permanent magnet
b) Suitable for surface defects only.
8) Examination Medium
a) Dry powder or Wet powder.
b) Dry powder suitable for higher temperatures.
9) Calibration:
Equipment Ammeter to be calibrated once a year or when subjected to the repair. The
accuracy of the unit’s meter shall be verified annually by equipment traceable to a
national standard. Comparative readings shall be taken for at least three different current
output levels encompassing the usable range. The unit’s meter reading shall not deviate
by more than ±10% of full scale, relative to the actual current value as shown by the test
meter.
10) Lifting Power of Yokes
 Shall be done before test
 AC shall have lifting power of at least 10 Ib (4.5 kg)

 DC shall have lifting power of at least 40 Ib (18 kg)
 Weight shall be checked prior to first use
11) The black light intensity shall be measured with a black light meter prior to use,
whenever the light’s power source is interrupted or changed, and at the completion of
the examination or series of examinations.
When using fluorescent particles, the examiner shall be in a darkened area for at least 5
minutes prior to performing the examination.
Examiner Glasses or Lens should not be Photosensitive
Black Light Intensity shall be Min1000 μW/cm2
12) Light Intensity shall be Min 100 fc (1000 lx) for Visible (Color Contrast)
13) Gaussmeters – Half Effect Probe Gaussmeters Verifies Magnetizing Field Strength
14) Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator is composed of 8 low carbon steel pie
sections, furnace brazed together and copper plated and indicates magnetic field
direction

Pie-type indicators are best used with dry particle procedures.
15) Artificial Flaw Shims Indicates Field Strength and Direction
Shim-type indicators are best used with wet particle procedures.
16) Magnetization techniques are: prod technique, longitudinal magnetization technique,

circular magnetization technique, yoke technique, multidirectional magnetization
technique
17) T-792 Recording of Indications
T-792.1 Nonrejectable Indications. Nonrejectable indications shall be recorded as

specified by the referencing Code Section.
T-792.2 Rejectable Indications. Rejectable indications shall be recorded. As a minimum,

the type of indications (linear or rounded), location and extent (length or diameter or
aligned) shall be recorded.
18) T-793 Examination Records

For each examination, the following information shall be recorded:
(a) procedure identification and revision
(b) magnetic particle equipment and type of current
(c) magnetic particles (visible or fluorescent, wet or dry)
(d) examination personnel identity and if required by referencing Code Section,
qualification level
(e) map or record of indications per T-792
(f) material and thickness
(g) lighting equipment

(h) date of examination
Leak Testing
1) The testing medium maybe air or any other inert gas.

2) The pressure gauge range shall be twice the test pressure preferably; however, the gauge
range shall not be lower than 1.5 times and higher than 4 times the test pressure.
3) Pressure Test shall not exceed 25 % of the design pressure
4) The presence and growth of bubble at leak location would constitute a defect.
5) Leak Testing (Bubble Test)
The testing medium shall be air or any other inert gas.
Test Temperature for standard testing shall be 40 F to 125 F
Bubble Solution - Household Soap and Detergent are not permitted.
Soak Time - Prior to examination the test pressure shall be held for a Min 15 Min
Presence and Growth of Bubble indicate Defect
After Repair – The Test shall be repeated
Visual Inspection
1) Direct visual examination may usually be made when access is sufficient to place
the eye within 24 in. (600 mm) of the surface to be examined and at an angle not
less than 30 deg to the surface to be examined.
2) The minimum light intensity at the examination surface/site shall be 100 footcandles
(1000 lux).
3) Personnel shall have an annual vision test to assure natural or corrected near distance
acuity such that they are capable of reading standard J-1 letters on standard Jaeger test
type charts for near vision.
4) Remote Visual Examination - Mirrors, Telescopes, Borescopes, Fiber Optics, Cameras,
or Other Suitable Instruments.

SE-797 UT Thickness Measurement
1) Title of Standard - Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual

Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo
2) Temperature Not Exceeding 200 F (93 C)
3) Velocity is a function of physical property and is assumed constant
4) Velocity for material: Table X3.1 in Practice E494, NDE Handbook
5) Reference Block – Known velocity or same material and with known Thickness
6) A common method is the so-called time/analog conversion in which the time measured
by the instrument is converted into a proportional d-c voltage which is then applied to the
readout device.
Different Types –
 Flaw detectors with an A-scan display readout,
 Flaw detectors with an A-scan display and direct thickness readout,
 Direct thickness readout.

Ultrasonic Testing
1) A-scan—a method of data presentation utilizing a horizontal base line that

indicates distances, or time, and a vertical deflection from the base line which
indicates amplitude.
2) B-scan presentation—a means of ultrasonic data presentation which displays a cross

section of the specimen indicating the approximate length (as detected per scan) of
reflectors and their relative positions.

3) C-scan—an ultrasonic data presentation which provides a plan view of the test object,
and discontinuities therein.

Practice Questions
ASME V
At this time use your credential and log on to the Exam Portal and take ASME V Close Book
Practice Exam.
The practice exam marked as “close book” but might have several open book questions.
Copyright © 2019 Inspection-for-Industry.Com

ASME B16.5
Step 1: Review ASME B16.5, if you are familiar with this standard, you may skip this step and
go to the Step 2. The ASME B16.5 is self-explanatory.
Step 2: Log on to the Exam Portal and take the ASME B16.5 open book and close book
exams.
each question also provides the clause number that the question being taken.
Study as much as needed to understand questions and the answers. Refer to ASME B16.5 and

I4I Academy API STD 570 Bob Rasooli
API STD 570

Classwork

Step 1: Study API STD 570 (Read the Standard)

Step 2: Watch the API 570 video and use following handout to review solved problem in white
board.
Problem 1: API 570 7.1.2
Given:
Installed on 2008 and with baseline thickness Corrosion rate (LT)
0.475 in. 0.475 0.4
5 years later in 2013: 0.45 in. 10
10 years later in 2018 0.4 in. 0.0075 7.5
Flow velocity increased between 2013 thru Corrosion rate (ST)
2018 0.45 0.4
Min Required Thickness through Barlow
5
formula 0.3 in.
0.01 10
Required thickness for structural 0.25 in.
Design Pressure: 50 psi API 570 7.2
. .
Design Temp : 200 F Remaining Life
.
NPS 24 Insulated with good condition on 2018 10
Class 2 piping
Long Term Corrosion Rate? API 570 Table 1 & 6.3.3
Short Term Corrosion Rate? Half-life 5 years then class 2 take 5 years for
Inspection Interval? UT and 5 years for VT
Insulation Removal%? Insulation removal is required as per 6.4 –
Good Condition
Problem 2: API 570 7.1.2

Given: Corrosion rate (LT)
Design Pressure: 500 psi 0.56 0.5
Design Temperature: 500 F 10
NPS 20 SCH 40 A106 Gr B 0.006 6
Baseline Thickness 0.56 in. @ 2008 Corrosion rate (ST)
Thickness @ 2013 0.53 in. 0.53 0.5
Thickness @ 2018 0.5 in.
5
Remaining Life: 10 Years
0.006 6
Interval: 5 Years
Corrosion rate? API 570 7.5
MAWP?
t actual = t current – 2 x C rate x Interval
t actual = 0.5 –( 2 x 0.006 x 5)
t actual = 0.44 in.
API 574 12.1.2

2
2
2 19000 1 0.44
20
836

Problem 3 Remaining Life 16

.
Given:
Wall thickness: 0.36 in. RCA = 16 X 0.01 = 0.16 in.
Corrosion Rate: 10 mpy
Remaining Life: 16 Years
Remaining Corrosion Allowance (RCA)?
Problem 4 ASME B31.3 304.1.1

Given: t min = t + c
NPS 14
A106 Gr B 2
Design Pressure: 300 14 300
Design Temp: 600 F 0.136 .
2 15300 1 1 0.4 300
Need 0.375 to support itself
CA: 0.125 in. t min = 0.136 + 0.125+ 0.375 = 0.642 in.
t min ?

Practice Question API STD 570
At this time use your credential and log on to the Exam Portal and take API 570 Open and
Close Book practice questions. In the open book segment you can look at the API 570 and in
the close book segment you need to practice without looking at the API 570.
Step 1: Take the API 570 Practice Questions Open Book

Step 2: Take the API 570 Practice Questions Close Book
Study as much as needed to understand questions and the answers. Refer to API 570 and

API RP 574
Step 1: Read API RP 574, if you are familiar with this RP, you may skip reading portion. The
API RP 574 is self-explanatory.
Step 2: Log on to the Exam Portal and take the API RP 574 exam.
Study as much as needed to understand questions and the answers. Refer to API RP 574 and

API RP 571
Step 1: Review API RP 571, if you are familiar with this RP, you may skip reading portion. (Only
following items)
Section 3 - Definitions
4.2.14 – Erosion/Erosion-Corrosion
4.2.16 – Mechanical Failure
4.3.1 – Galvanic Corrosion
4.3.2 – Atmospheric Corrosion
4.3.3 – Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)
4.3.5 – Boiler Water Condensate Corrosion
4.3.8- Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC)
4.3.9 - Soil Corrosion
4.3.10 – Caustic Corrosion
4.4.2 – Sulfidation
4.5.1 – Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Cl - SCC)
4.5.3 – Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking (Caustic Embrittlement)
5.1.1.4 – Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Corrosion
5.1.1.10 --Sour Water Corrosion
5.1.2.2 – Amine Stress Corrosion Cracking

API RP 578
Step 1: Read API RP 578, if you are familiar with this RP, you may skip reading portion. The
API RP 578 is self-explanatory.

API RP 577
Step 1: Read API RP 577, if you are familiar with this RP, you may skip reading portion. This
RP is self-explanatory.

Exam Practice Question (All
Referenced Standards Included)
At this time use your credential and log on to the Exam Portal and take Exam practice Open and
Close Book questions. In the open book segment you can look at the referenced standards and
in the close book segment you need to practice without looking at them.
Step 1: Take the Practice Questions Open Book (all referenced standard included)
Step 2: Take the Practice Questions Close Book (all referenced standard included)
Study as much as needed to understand questions and the answers. Refer to the referenced
standard and review the phrases which the question being taken.

Final Exam
API 570 Piping Inspector Exam
Preparation Course
This part is the final exam and similar to the API 570 exam, includes 50 open book questions
and 100 close book questions. You need to take this exam to be able to receive a training
certificate from I4I Academy with 48 hours training credit.
Use your credential and log on to the Exam Portal.
Step 1: First take the open book exam with refereeing to the referenced standard and code
books.
Step 2: Take the close book exam without refereeing to any standard and code book.
The Training Certificate is granted after successful completion of the both open book and close
book exam with the passing score.
Good Luck!

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PDF File Page No. 1

Title Page No. (Center Footer No.)

ASME B31.3 Video Training 3

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Instructor: Bob Rasooli

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ASME B 31.3 piping is used for construction of new piping installation.

High pressure fluid service: Over Class 2500

ANSI B36.10 address dimensions of steel pipe

Other Piping Code:

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304.1.2 Straight Pipe under Internal Pressure

P = internal design gage pressure

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Table A-1 Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals

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Where, dg = the inside diameter of gasket

Given: ASME B31.3 304.1.2

t min = 0.123 + 0.125 = 0.248 in.

NPS 8 SCH 30 0.277 in.

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t min = 0.187 + 0.125 = 0.313 in.

Given: ASME B31.3 304.5.3

Note for raised face and flat face, the dg

The value for dg equals to pipe OD for

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323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials.

If temperature – thickness combination falls on or above the material curve (Fig.

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The above curves converted to following table for convenience.

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Above curve converted to following table for convenience

New Adjusted MDMT = 33 – 20 = 13 F

323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria

Absorbed Energy Criteria

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For impact testing 3 specimens are required.

15, 14, 12 ave 13.6 – Test is acceptable

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330.1.3(a) Preheat temperature shall be checked by use of temperature indicating

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331 Heat Treatment

331.1.3 Definition of Thicknesses Governing PWHT:

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Fillet welds — the throat thickness of the weld

331.2.5 Partial Heat Treatment