LECTURE READING 12: PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

BEAMS
REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

1) TYPES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

A) singly reinforced beam
B) doubly reinforced beam

What Is Singly Beam?

A singly beam is the beam which is provided with longitudinal reinforcement in the tension zone. Compressive forces
are handled by the concrete section in the beam.

What Is Doubly Beam?

The beams reinforced with steel in compression and tension zones are known as doubly reinforced beams. This
kind of beam will be found essential when headroom consideration or architectural concern the depth of the beam is
restricted.

2) Reinforcement arrangement: a) single layer; b) layered bars; c) bundled bars; d) composite; e)

prestressed

A) SINGLE LAYER
B) LAYERED BARS

C) BUNDLED BARS

D) COMPOSITE BEAM
 E) PRESTRESSED BEAM

3) minimum size of bars = 16 mm diameter

4) minimum no. of bars- preferably not less than 2 bars of the same size placed in one layer

5) minimum clearance and cover for steel reinforcement:

a) clear space between bars in a single layer should not be less than the bar diameter, or 25 mm,
or 1 1/3 times the max. aggregate size
b) minimum clear distance between layer is 25mm
c) minimum concrete cover is 40 mm

6) Also test and experience established an acceptable and economic range of depth/width
ratio as b/d = 0.5 to 0.67

7) STIRRUPS
1) minimum size of stirrups = 10 mm; but if main bars used is > 28 mm diameter minimum is 12 mm
DESIGN OF STIRRUPS

STEP 1. Calculate the factored shear force Vu at critical section

STEP 2. Calculate the shear strength provided by concrete, Vc

Vc = 0.17 λ (fc’)1/2 bd

If Vu > ϕVc stirrups are necessary, proceed to step 3

If Vu < ϕVc but Vu > ½ ϕVc proceed to step 5
If Vu < ½ ϕVc stirrups are not needed use maximum spacing

STEP 3. Calculate the shear strength Vs to be provided by the stirrup

Vs = (Vu / ϕ) - Vc

If Vs ≤ (2/3) (fc’)1/2 bd proceed to step 4

If Vs > (2/3) (fc’)1/2 bd adjust the size of the beam

STEP 4. Spacing of stirrups:

S = Av fy d / Vs Av = 2 Astirrup If S < 25 mm use bigger size of stirrup

Maximum spacing

a) When Vs ≤ (1/3) (fc’)1/2 bd Smax = d/2 or 600 mm

b) When Vs > (1/3) (fc’)1/2 bd Smax = d/4 or 300 mm

STEP 5. If Vu < ϕVc but Vu > ½ ϕVc

Minimum area of stirrup, Av = bS / 3fy where S= d/2 or 600 mm whichever is smaller

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