Page 1 of 22

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Time 1 hour 15 minutes
Paper
reference 4PH1/P
Physics
 

UNIT: 4PH1

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator, Equation Booklet (enclosed)

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 73.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Page 2 of 22

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.


Page 3 of 22

BLANK PAGE

 *P70953A0324* Turn over

Page 4 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

Answer ALL questions.

1 The passage describes some of the properties of magnets and magnetic fields.
Use words from the box to complete the passage.

aluminium copper hard negative

north positive soft south steel

Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(5)

The north pole of one magnet will repel the .............................................................. pole of another magnet.

There is attraction between . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................... and magnets.

Materials that are difficult to magnetise are called .............................................................. magnetic materials.

The direction of the magnetic field lines for a magnet is from .............................................................. to south.

Iron is a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magnetic material.

(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

*P62041A0332* Turn over

Page 5 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

2 A student does an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity, g.

The diagram shows the apparatus used.

steel ball

light gate A

clamp stand

transparent tube

light gate B

This is the student’s method.

• connect both light gates to a data logger
• drop a steel ball from rest at the top of the transparent tube
• record the speed of the ball at each light gate
• record the time taken for the ball to fall from light gate A to light gate B

*P70712A02232* 
Page 6 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(a) The box shows the data recorded by the data logger.

speed at A = 1.45 m/s

speed at B = 4.20 m/s
time from A to B = 0.286 s

(i) Show that the acceleration of the steel ball is approximately 9.6 m/s2 .
(2)

acceleration = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s2

(ii) Explain why the student’s value for the acceleration of the steel ball is lower
than the accepted value for the acceleration due to gravity, g.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Calculate the distance between the light gates.

(3)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

 *P70712A02332* Turn over

Page 7 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(b) The student changes the distance between the light gates by varying the position
of light gate B.
The student measures the time taken for the steel ball to fall from light gate A to
light gate B when the light gates are different distances apart.
The table shows the student’s results.

Distance between
Time taken
light gates
in s
in m

0.10 0.058

0.20 0.103

0.30 0.141

0.40 0.175

0.50 0.205

0.60 0.233

0.70 0.260

(i) Plot a graph of the student’s results on the grid.

(2)
(ii) Draw the curve of best fit.
(1)

Distance between
light gates
in m

Time taken in s

*P70712A02432* 
Page 8 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(iii) Explain how the graph shows that the steel ball is accelerating as it falls.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 13 marks)

 *P70712A02532* Turn over

Page 9 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

3 A ship floats on the sea.

upthrust

surface
of sea

(a) The ship floats because of the forces acting on it.

(i) The upward force acting on the ship is called upthrust.

This force is shown on the diagram.
Draw another labelled arrow on the diagram to show the other vertical force
acting on the ship.
(2)
(ii) Forces are vector quantities.
State what is meant by the term vector quantity.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Give another example of a vector quantity.

(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*P62041A0432*
Page 10 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(b) The upthrust force acting on the ship is proportional to the pressure difference
between the bottom of the ship and the surface of the sea.
The pressure acting on the ship at the surface of the sea is 100 kPa.
(i) State the formula linking pressure difference, height, density and
gravitational field strength (g).
(1)

(ii) The bottom of the ship is 15.8 m below the surface of the sea.
Show that the pressure acting on the bottom of the ship is approximately 260 kPa.
[density of seawater = 1030 kg/m3]
(3)

(iii) Explain why the bottom of the ship is deeper below the surface of the sea
when the ship is fully loaded with cargo.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 11 marks)

*P62041A0532* Turn over

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4 Diagram 1 shows a wooden plank balanced horizontally on two supports, A and B.

A block is suspended from the plank between the supports by a cable of
negligible weight.

force F
25 cm 55 cm

plank
A B
cable

block

Diagram 1

(a) The weight of the block is 260 N.

(i) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
the pivot.
(1)

(ii) By taking moments about support A, calculate force F.

Assume the weight of the plank is negligible.
(3)

force F = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

*P71898A01020* 
Page 12 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(iii) Explain what will happen to the magnitude of force F if the block is moved
towards support B.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 *P71898A01120* Turn over

Page 13 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(b) Diagram 2 shows the block and the cable connecting the block to the plank.

cable

block

Diagram 2

(i) The centre of gravity of the block is located at point X.

Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the weight of the block.
(2)

*P71898A01220* 
Page 14 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(ii) The block also experiences a force due to the tension in the cable.
Explain why the block remains stationary when it is supported by this
tension force.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Explain why the forces acting on the block are not an example of Newton’s
third law of motion.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 13 marks)

 *P71898A01320* Turn over

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5 The diagram shows two birds, just before bird X catches the smaller bird Y.
Both birds are travelling horizontally at constant velocity.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
bird X

bird Y

velocity = 13 m / s velocity

mass = 0.41 kg
(a) Show that the momentum of bird X is about 5 kg m / s.
(2)

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

(b) The momentum of bird Y just before it is caught is 0.15 kg m / s.
Calculate the total momentum of the birds just before bird X catches bird Y.
(1)

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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

momentum = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m / s
(c) State the total momentum of the birds just after bird X has caught bird Y.
(1)

momentum = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m / s

*P71957A01224* 
 Page 16 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(d) Bird Y has a mass of 0.17 kg.

Calculate the velocity of the birds just after bird X has caught bird Y.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

(3)

velocity = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m / s
(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

 *P71957A01324* Turn over

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6 The photograph shows a mechanic pumping air into a car tyre.

(Source: Rido/Shutterstock)

(a) Before being pumped into the tyre, some air has a volume of 0.0043 m3 at a
pressure of 100 kPa.
The pressure of this air inside the tyre is 270 kPa.
Calculate the volume of this air inside the tyre, assuming the temperature of the
air does not change.
Give your answer in standard form.
(3)

volume = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3

*P70712A02632* 
Page 18 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(b) The car is fitted with a tyre pressure monitoring system.

A warning light will show in the car if the air pressure in the tyre falls below
250 kPa.
(i) Using ideas about particles, explain why the air pressure inside the tyre is
lower on a cold winter day than on a warm summer day.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The air pressure in the tyre is 270 kPa when the air temperature is 20 °C.
On a cold winter day, the temperature is 2 °C.
Determine whether the tyre pressure warning light will show in the car on the
cold winter day.
[assume tyre volume does not change]
(4)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

 *P70712A02732* Turn over

Page 19 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

7 A student uses this apparatus to measure the force of repulsion between magnet A
and magnet B.

N
magnet A
(clamped in position)

magnet B

N
plastic top plate

1.6 N balance

Magnet A is clamped in a fixed position.

Magnet B is resting on a balance.
(a) Give a reason why the two magnets shown in the diagram will repel each other.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Give a reason why the top plate of the balance is not affected by the magnetic
fields of the magnets.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*P70712A0832* 
Page 20 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(c) Complete the diagram by drawing the shape and direction of the magnetic field
pattern between the magnets.
(2)
(d) In the position shown, the balance reading is 1.6 N.
(i) Explain how the balance reading will change if magnet A is brought closer to
magnet B.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain how the balance reading will change if the poles of magnet A are
reversed but the distance between the magnets remains constant.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 8 marks)

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Page 21 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

8 A student uses iron filings to investigate the magnetic field pattern around a bar magnet.
(a) Name the apparatus that the student could use to find the direction of the field lines.
(1)

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(b) The student draws a diagram of the magnetic field pattern of the magnet.
The student makes three mistakes.
Draw a circle around each mistake on the diagram.
(3)

N S

*P67159A0628*
Page 22 of 22 www.dynamicpapers.com

(c) The magnet is made of a magnetically hard material.

Describe what is meant by the term magnetically hard.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 6 marks)

*P67159A0728* Turn over