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Tyoes of Cement and Application
Tyoes of Cement and Application
By
Shivang N. Dabhi
Assistant Professor, CED, SSASIT
Types of cement
1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC); 9. Portland Slag Cement;
– Ordinary Portland Cement (33 grade) 10. Coloured Cement (White Cement);
– Ordinary Portland Cement (43 grade) 11. Hydrophobic Cement;
– Ordinary Portland Cement (53 grade) 12. Air Entraining Cement;
2. Rapid Hardening Cement (RHC); 13. Masonary Cement;
3. Extra-rapid Hardening Cement; 14. Oil well Cement;
4. Quick Setting Cement; 15. Expansive Cement;
5. Low Heat Cement; 16. High Alumina Cement;
6. Sulphate Resisting Cement; 17. Concrete Sleeper Grade Cement;
7. Super Sulphated Cement; 18. Waterproof Cement;
8. Portland Pozzolona Cement 19. Rediset Cement;
20. Very High Strength Cement.
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
• Most common cement in use
• About 70% of all cement used in India
• In modern Construction, higher grade cement is most popular;
• Higher grade OPC is little costlier than low grade OPC;
• But 10-20 % savings in cement consumption
• Result in expansion;
• Expansion will lead to crack in concrete;
• Known as Sulphate attack.
• Similar to OPC except the quantity of C3A is about 5 %.
• Marine structure;
• Sewage treatment plant and chemical factory;
• RCC pipes;
• Foundation and basement where soil with sulphate
Super Sulphated Cement
Well granulated slag (80 To 85%) + Hard burnt Gypsum (10 to 15%) + Portland
cement (1 to 2%) = Super Sulphated Cement
• Marine structure;
• Sewage treatment plant and chemical factory;
• RCC pipes;
• Foundation and basement where chemically aggressive condition
Portland Pozzolona Cement
OPC Clinkers + Pozzolanic material (15 to 35%) such as flyash
and calcined clay
• Addition of Pozzolona does not contribute to the strength at early stage, but it
gives later strength to those of OPC.
• Marine structure;
• Plastering or mortar work;
• Hydraulic structure;
• Mass Concrete Strructure
Advantages of PPC
• Economical;
Cement should not be used in cold weather as the low heat of hydration and low
rate of strength development
Advantages
– Better resistance to chloride, soils and water having excessive amount
of sulphate or alkalies, acidic water.
– Low heat of hydration and low permeability;
– Refinement of pore structure;
Manufacture of White cement is same like OPC; only Iron oxide is in limited %
(Less than 1% iron oxide) and Particular limestone from Jodhpur is required.
• Whiteness of white cement measured by ISI Scale should not be less than 70%;
• Also measured by Hunters scale (generally 90% is preferable)
• Used to seal off the annual space between steel casing and rock
strata and also seal off the fissures or cavities in the rock strata;
• The pressure required for that depth may go upto 1400 kg/cm2
Expansive Cement
• Concrete made with ordinary Portland cement shrinks while setting due to loss
of free water. Concrete also shrinks continuously for long time. This is known
as drying shrinkage.
• Cement used for grouting anchor bolts or grouting machine foundations or the
cement used in grouting the prestress concrete ducts, if shrinks, the purpose
for which the grout is used will be to some extent defeated.
• Generally, about 8-20 parts of the sulphoaluminate clinker are mixed with 100
parts of the Portland cement and 15 parts of the stabilizer.
• Raw material in furnace and furnace is fire with Pulverised coal or oil with
a hot air blast at 1600 °C.
• Liquid cement in furnace will cooled. Then crushed it.
• Alumina: 39% and lime : 38%, Silica: 6%, Ferric oxide: 10%, Ferrous
oxide: 4%.
• It is slow setting but rapid hardening cement;
• Initial setting time: 4 hours and final setting time: 5 hours.
• It is resistant to chemical attack.
Disadvantages of High Alumina Cement
• More power consumption;
• Raw material Bauxite is costly;
• Very reactive;
• About 80% of ultimate strength is developed in 24 hours;
• Looses Strength at room temperature to 500° C.
Refractory Concrete
• High Alumina Cement is used to make Refractory cement with some
Admixture;
Application:
• Foundations of all type of Furnaces;
• Ordinary furnaces (Kiln);
• Refractory mortar
Concrete Sleeper Grade Cement
High strength cement manufacture as per specification laid down by Ministry
of Indian Railway under IRS-T 40: 1985.
Very fine powder with C3S content. No accelerator agents are added.
• At 7 days = 33 Mpa
Water proof cement
OPC + Waterproofing compounds like Calcium Stearate,
Aluminum Stearate and Gypsum with tannic acid
Application
• Repairs of concrete roads and
Pavements;
• Construction between tides;
• palletisation of iron ore
Very High strength Cement
Cement of high strength required for repairs of runways,
launching pads, expressway pavement repairs;
1. High Early Strength Cement: this can be achieved by using Lithium salts
as accelerators; it gives very high early strength with marginal reduction of
later strength;