What springs to your mind when you hear/see …?

Kinds of mistakes
• Alice like her school.
• Where you did go yesterday?
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer. (speaking)
• I am here since Tuesday.
• I like very much dancing.
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
• I often hear jazz at home.
 Kinds of mistakes
• Alice like her school.
=> Alice likes her school. Grammar (S-V agreement)
• Where you did go yesterday?
=> Where did you go yesterday? Grammar (word order)
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer.
=> My brother is a phoTOgrapher. Pronunciation (word stress)
• I am here since Tuesday.
=> I’ve been here since Tuesday. Grammar (tense)
• I like very much dancing.
=> I like dancing very much. Grammar (word order)
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
=> I understand this grammar now. Grammar (tense)
• I often hear jazz at home.
=> I often listen to jazz at home. Vocabulary (word choice)
 Reasons of mistakes
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of practice/exposure
• Lack of concentration
• The difficulty level of the item
• L1 influence
 Correct or not correct?
• Over-correction -> a loss of confidence

• No correction/ very little correction -> increased mistakes, fossilized mistakes.

=> Correction should be done in a sensitive and encouraging way.

 Types of corrective feedback
2Ps
Provide
- Explicit correction
- Reformulation

Prompt
- Clarification request
- Metalinguistic feedback
- Elicitation
- Repetition
 Explicit correction

You should say “I have two cats.”

I have two cat.

 Reformulation

Oh, your brother is taller than you. How tall is he?

My brother is tall than me.

• Alice like her school.
• Where you did go yesterday?
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer. (speaking)
• I am here since Tuesday.
• I like very much dancing.
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
• I often hear jazz at home.
 Clarification Request

Pardon?

I often listening to music.

• Alice like her school.
• Where you did go yesterday?
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer. (speaking)
• I am here since Tuesday.
• I like very much dancing.
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
• I often hear jazz at home.
 Elicitation

You wish you ...

I wish I am a singer.
• Alice like her school.
• Where you did go yesterday?
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer. (speaking)
• I am here since Tuesday.
• I like very much dancing.
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
• I often hear jazz at home.
 Metalinguistic feedback

THREE is plural.

I have three apple.

• Alice like her school.
• Where you did go yesterday?
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer. (speaking)
• I am here since Tuesday.
• I like very much dancing.
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
• I often hear jazz at home.
 Repetition

Enjoy to listen?

I enjoy to listen to music.

• Alice like her school.
• Where you did go yesterday?
• My brother is a photoGRAPHer. (speaking)
• I am here since Tuesday.
• I like very much dancing.
• I’m understanding this grammar now.
• I often hear jazz at home.
 Explicit correction

You should say “I

have two cats.”

Advantages Disadvantages

I have two cat.

• Easy to use Sts don’t have
• Sts can a chance to
realize the self-correct.
mistakes.
 Reformulation

Oh, your brother is taller

than you. How tall is he?
Advantages Disadvantages
My brother is tall
than me.
Doesn’t break Sts may not
the flow of realize that
communication they’re being
corrected.
 Clarification Request

Pardon?

I often listening Advantages Disadvantages

to music.

Sts have a Ensure that sts

chance to understand this
reflect on their is a correction
own utterances. procedure.
 Elicitation

You wish you ...

I wish I am a singer. Advantages Disadvantages

Give guidance as Ensure that sts

to where exactly understand this
the problem is. is a correction
procedure.
 Metalinguistic feedback

THREE is plural.

I have three apple.

Advantages Disadvantages

Indicates the Sts need to know

type of error. technical terms.
 Repetition

Enjoy to listen?

Advantages Disadvantages
I enjoy to listen to music.

Sts have a Ensure that sts

chance to reflect understand this
on their own is a correction
utterances. procedure.
Advantages Disadvantages

• Gives a clear • Only works with

indication where short utterances.
the problem is.

• Quite flexible • Need practice.

On-the-spot correction vs. delayed correction
On-the-spot correction Delayed correction

When the task focuses on accuracy When the task focuses on fluency
(drilling, controlled practice) (less controlled practice)

When mistakes hinder Note down the mistakes and correct later
understanding
T doesn’t need to single out
Writing Correction Codes
 My advice!!!
• Build a good relationship with your students.
• Predict possible mistakes in advance.
• Make the corrective feedback low key.
• Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning Teaching. Oxford: MacMillan.
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/13740228/
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/10578241/
• https://owlcation.com/academia/ESL-Coaching-Techniques-Error-
Correction