GAMIFICATION MODEL IN SCHEDULING

AND ATTENDANCE SYSTEM OF BALINESE

TRADITIONAL VILLAGE ACTIVITIES
3rd Darmaastawan Kadek
1st Wirastuti NMAED 2nd Saputra Komang Oka
Post Graduated Study Program of
Study Program of Electrical Study Program of Electrical
Electrical Engineering
Engineering Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, Udayana
Faculty of Engineering, Udayana Faculty of Engineering, Udayana
University
University University
Bali, Indonesia
Bali, Indonesia Bali, Indonesia
k.darmaastawan@gmail.com
dewi.wirastuti@unud.ac.id okasaputra@unud.ac.id
4th Is-Haka Mkwawa
School of Engineering, Computing and
Mathematics
University of Plymouth
United Kingdom
Is-Haka.mkwawa@plymouth.ac.uk

Abstract—In this modern era, Krama Banjar Adat began to
leave activities of Balinese cooperation activity, deliberative
meetings, including paying dues, which was caused by a lack of
motivation to participate in these activities. The shift in the Balinese
people's lifestyle from agricultural to industrial culture is one of the
causes of the reduced motivation of Krama Banjar Adat to
participate in these activities. On the other hand, gamification can
be used to encourage someone to continue to be involved in an
activity, including traditional village activities. Our contribution in
this paper is to develop model of gamification model of gamification
on three Krama Banjar Adat Activities namely, petedunan,
pepesuan, and peturunan. This model can be used as a blueprint
when designing information system in terms of scheduling and
attendance system in Krama Banjar Adat activities.
Keywords—bali, desa adat, krama, gamification, attendance
system, motivation.
I. INTRODUCTION
Bali is an island in Indonesia that is well-known for its
various cultures that are attached to its people, such as
Balinese music, performing arts, and religious rituals [1], [2].
This culture is realized through various activities carried out
by Krama Banjar Adat of a traditional village in Bali called
Krama Banjar Adat, such as Balinese cooperation activity,
deliberative meetings, including paying dues. Krama Banjar
Adat regularly carries out these activities to prepare for
religious ceremonies, wedding ceremonies, and funerals. All
of these activities have a similar process flow that begins with
making announcements regarding the time and date of the
activity. The next process is confirmation from Krama Banjar
Adat regarding attendance at the activity. The process will be
ended with a village apparatus checking the attendance of the
Krama Banjar Adat during the activity.
With the rapid development of technology, information
systems such as scheduling and attendance systems can
accommodate the flow of these activities, which increases
their efficiency. Studies [3]–[6] state that traditional village
information and scheduling systems can increase work
effectiveness and efficiency. Moreover, Balinese traditional
villages have relatively many activities, which causes
inefficient manual attendance checks [1]. Furthermore,
research [7] also states that the manual attendance check
process takes time, therefore an attendance system is needed
to simplify the attendance check process. Scheduling and
attendance information systems provide many benefits for
several groups of people, especially village administrators, in
arranging activities. However, the scheduling and attendance
information system alone has not been able to encourage
Krama Banjar Adat to participate in these activities actively.
In this modern era, Krama Banjar Adat began to leave
these activities, which was caused by a lack of motivation to
participate in these activities. The shift in the Balinese people's
lifestyle from agricultural to industrial culture is one of the
causes of the reduced motivation of Krama Banjar Adat to
participate in these activities. This shift has caused many
Krama Banjar Adat to migrate to the city to work and are busy
with their daily routines, causing them to be unwilling to
return to the village to participate in village customary
activities [8]. This problem will result in activities that have
become the culture and tradition of the Balinese people to
slowly disappear and become extinct if a solution is not
immediately found [9].
One of the ways so that the traditions and culture of
activities in Bali are not lost is to increase the motivation of
the Krama Banjar Adat to participate in traditional village
activities. Increasing motivation can be done in several ways,
one of which is by using gamification [10]. Gamification is a
concept for implementing game mechanisms, such as points,
levels, and leaderboards, in systems that are not related to
games, such as management information systems [11], [12].
Several previous studies related to gamification stated that
gamification is very useful, especially in increasing
motivation to participate in an activity [13], [14]. Furthermore,
research [15] and [16] state that gamification can be used to
encourage someone to continue to be involved in an activity,
including traditional village activities.
To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has
implemented gamification in Krama Banjar Adat activities. In
this paper we design the model of gamification on three
Krama Banjar Adat Activities namely, petedunan, pepesuan,
and peturunan. This paper consists of five sections. Section 2
explains the terms and flow of activities in Balinese traditional
villages. The activities in Balinese village are then described
in Section 3. Section 4 then shows our proposed gamification

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model to the activity schedule and attendance system provided
in Section 3. Finally, Section 5 presents the conclusions.
II. BALINESE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE
Traditional villages are a form of community law in
Indonesia. Traditional villagers in Bali live together in a place
and live for a certain period based on the same view of life
[17]. According to Liefrinck in research [18], traditional
Balinese village was small republics that had their own
cultural rules with democratic and autonomous government
structures. Pakraman Village consists of several parts which
are called Banjar. Banjar also consists of several areas called
Tempekan [18].
A. Banjar
Banjar is part of a traditional village in Bali, which is
managed by a person known as Kelihan Banjar [18]. The
Banjar has a system to achieve prosperity together with the
close ties of the Banjar residents or known as Krama Banjar
Adat. The welfare system is in the form of values, regulations,
and solutions used to solve problems of Krama Banjar Adat
welfare.
B. Tempekan
Tempekan is a division of Krama Banjar Adat groups
managed by a person known as Kelihan Tempekan.
Tempekan is grouped based on the residence of Krama Banjar.
Tempekan usually uses the names of the cardinal directions,
for example, Tempekan Kangin (East Tempekan) and
Tempekan Kauh (West Tempekan) [18].
III. BALINESE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE ACTIVITIES
The activities of traditional villages in Bali are similar to
other villages activities in Indonesia, but with different names.
These activities consist of cooperation activities, deliberative
meetings, and paying dues [19] [20].
A. Cooperation Activities (Ngayah)
Banjar in Bali has several types of cooperation activities.
The first cooperation activity is cooperation before the
religious ceremony, which is commonly known as Ngayah.
All Krama Banjar who get assignments, both men and women,
will take the time to participate in Ngayah activities to prepare
religious ceremony facilities and infrastructure [21].
Other cooperation activities are when there is a Krama
Banjar who will carry out a wedding ceremony with the
knowledge of Kelihan Banjar. That Krama Banjar has the
right to receive assistance, both material and non-material
support from other Krama Banjar. This material assistance can
be in the form of gifts given by guests who were present at the
ceremony. Non-material support is a support in the form of
energy and time by Krama Banjar in cooperation activity to
prepare for the wedding ceremony. Cooperation activity also
applies to the funeral ceremony. The Krama Banjar will work
together to set up everything related to the funeral ceremony
if one of the Banjar krama dies [21].
B. Deliberative Meeting (Sangkep)
Balinese traditional meeting, which is called Sangkep, are
routine activities carried out by Krama Banjar. Sangkep in the
Banjar is democratic, which means that each Krama Banjar
has equal voting rights, therefore the decisions taken are the
best decisions for every Krama Banjar. Sangkep is carried out
on certain days within a certain period, where each Banjar in
Bali has its own rules [19].
C. Paying Dues (Peturunan and Pepesuan)
Paying dues activity in Bali can be divided into two types,
namely Peturunan and Pepesuan. Peturunan is a monthly
activity in which the Krama Banjar pays a certain amount of
money to the Banjar for the needs of the Banjar savings.
Banjar savings. Pepesuan is an activity where the Krama
Banjar gets the task of bringing certain items for the
preparation of ceremonies, such as religious and funeral
ceremonies [22].
D. Flow of Activities
Fig. 1 presents Balinese traditional village activities that
have a general flow that is similar to each other. Balinese
traditional village activities consist of several processes as
follows.
• The activity begins with Kelihan Banjar making a
schedule of activities and announcing it to the Krama
Banjar Adat.
• Krama Banjar Adat then confirm their participation in
the activity.
• On a predetermined date, Krama Banjar Adat carry out
activities or complete tasks given according to the
announcement.
• Kelihan Banjar or Kelihan Tempekan checks the
presence of the Krama Banjar Adat at the end of the
activity.
Figure 1. Flow of activities
IV. PROPOSED GAMIFICATION MODEL
The proposed model is to apply the element of
gamification, which aims to increase the motivation of Krama
Banjar Adat to participate in traditional activities. The
gamification element is to give points to Krama Banjar Adat
based on their participation in each activity. With lots of
activities, total points of each Krama Banjar Adat will change
from days to the other days. In gamification, points define
rank of Krama Banjar Adat that will make them motivated for
not in the bottom of the rank. To be on top of the rank, they
must involve more activities to get more points. Number of
points and rank are known by all Krama Banjar Adat.
Therefore, the model will encourage Krama Banjar Adat who
does not stay at the village to spend their time to come to the
village to get involve Krama Banjar Adat activities in order to
get more points and higher rank. Each mentioned Balinese
traditional activity shares the same concept of gamification
but with slightly different rules.
Figure 2. Gamification model of Ngayah and Sangkep
A. Gamification Model of Ngayah and Sangkep
Fig. 2 presents a flowchart of gamification rules for
Ngayah and Sangkep activities. The gamification applied is by
giving points to the Krama Banjar Adat for confirmation and
attendance on the day of the activity. The following is an
explanation for the gamification rules for Ngayah and
Sangkep activities.
• Krama Banjar Adat who confirm attendance will get 5
points. The Krama Banjar Adat then get an additional
10 points if present at the activity and get a penalty in
the form of losing 10 points if not present.
• Krama Banjar Adat who confirm absence will get 1
point. The Krama Banjar Adat then get an additional
10 points if present at the activity and do not get any
penalty if not present.
• Krama Banjar Adat who do not confirm will not get
any points or penalties. The Krama Banjar Adat then
get an additional 10 points if present at the activity and
lose 10 points if not present.
B. Gamification Model of Peturunan
Figure 3 presents a flowchart of gamification rules for
Peturunan activities. The gamification applied is by giving
points to Krama Banjar Adat based on the time of Peurunan
payments. The following is an explanation for the rules for
gamification of Peurunan activities.
• Krama Banjar Adat who pay the Peturunan in less than
seven days will get 20 points.
• Krama Banjar Adat who pay the Peturunan in more
than seven days and less than 14 days will get 15
points.
• Krama Banjar Adat who pay the Peturunan in more
than 14 days and less than 28 days will get 10 points.
• Krama Banjar Adat who pay the Peturunan in more
Figure 3. Gamification model of Peturunan
than 28 days and less than 31 days will get 1 points.
• Krama Banjar Adat who are late in paying Peturunan
will get a penalty in the form of losing points as much
as the number of days late.
C. Gamification Model of Pepesuan
Figure 4 presents a flowchart of Gamification rules for
Pepesuan activities. The gamification applied is by giving
points to Krama Banjar Adat based on their success in
delivering the requested goods. The following is an
explanation for the gamification rules for Pepesuan activities.
• Krama Banjar Adat who confirm that they can collect
and submit requested items will get 5 points. The
Krama Banjar Adat then get an additional 15 points if
they succeed to submit the requested item but will get
a penalty in the form of losing 10 points if they fail to
submit the requested item.
• Krama Banjar Adat who confirm to find a replacement
to collect and submit the requested item will get 5
points. The Krama Banjar Adat then get an additional
5 points if they succeed in getting a replacement but
 will get a penalty in the form of losing 10 points if they
fail to get a replacement until the activity ends.
• Krama Banjar Adat who do not confirm will not get
any points or penalties. The Krama Banjar Adat then
get 15 points if they manage to collect and submit the
requested items. If the Krama Banjar Adat fail to
submit the requested item, the Krama Banjar Adat
need to find a replacement. The Krama Banjar Adat
then get an additional 5 points if they succeed in
getting a replacement but will get a penalty in the form
of losing 10 points if they fail to find a replacement
resident until the activity ends.
Figure 4. Gamification model of Pepesuan
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Model of gamification has been developed on three activities
that are peturunan, petedunan, and pepesuan. Through
gamification all action taken by Krama Banjar Adat are
recorded and then converted into points. Negative actions
such as “not attend” or “pay late” reduce point for the
corresponding Krama Banjar Adat. Likewise, Positive action,
for instance “attend” or “pay on time” give points for the
Krama Banjar Adat. With this model competition will occur
between Krama Banjar Adat to get better point than the others.
Future work will be to develop information system based on
this model and the to implement on real Balinese village.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the Lembaga Penelitian dan
Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas
Udayana through PNBP grant.
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