Fine structure

結報
第一組

409210233 莊惟凱
￭數據與分析
Grating constant d =1.6× 10 m
Helium lamp
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue Central
Line(left) green blue line
angle 17 14 ﾟ 11 ﾟ 11 ﾟ 10 ﾟ 49’ 10 ﾟ 353 ﾟ
ﾟ 22.5’ 46’ 0.5’ 7.5’ 47.5’
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
angle 329 332 ﾟ 335 ﾟ 335 ﾟ 336 ﾟ 337
ﾟ 47.5’ 48’ 44’ 3.5’ ﾟ 6’
47’

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue

Line(left) green blue
λ(nm) 630.3 562.42 493.89 473.66 467.79 449.87
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
λ(nm) 650.77 573.38 494.42 494 487.25 459.5
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(left) green blue
θ 23.2 20.58 17.98 17.22 17 ﾟ 16.33
ﾟ ﾟ ﾟ ﾟ ﾟ
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
θ 24 ﾟ 21 ﾟ 18 ﾟ 18 ﾟ 17.73 ﾟ 16.69
ﾟ

Calibration curve:
Sodiun(Na) lamp

Spectral Yellow red yellow Yellowish Green Green2 Central

Line(left) (order2) green 1 line
angle 38 ﾟ 37’ 15 ﾟ 14 ﾟ 35’ 13 ﾟ 48’ 11 ﾟ 11 ﾟ 15’ 353 ﾟ
24.5’ 48.5’ 42’
38 ﾟ 35’ 15 ﾟ 14 ﾟ 30’ 13 ﾟ 47.5’
26.5’
Spectral Yellow red yellow Yellowish Green Green2
Line(right) (order2) green 1
angle 307 ﾟ 53’ 331 ﾟ 332 ﾟ 333 ﾟ 37.5’ 336 ﾟ 335 ﾟ 36’
54’ 49.5’ 12’
307 ﾟ 42’ 331 ﾟ 332 ﾟ 333 ﾟ 36’
51.5’ 51’

Grating constant d =2 × 10 𝑚
Helium lamp

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue Central

Line(left) green blue line

angle 350 ﾟ 350 ﾟ 355 ﾟ 355 ﾟ 1’ 353 ﾟ

28.5’ 23.25’ 5.25’ 42.5’
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue

angle 351 ﾟ 352 ﾟ 2’ 352 ﾟ 8’ 352 ﾟ

43.5’ 25.5’

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue

Line(left) green blue
θ 3.23 ﾟ 3.31 ﾟ 1.37 ﾟ 1.3 ﾟ
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
θ 2ﾟ 1.67 ﾟ 1.57 ﾟ 1.28 ﾟ
 Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(left) green blue
λ(nm) 1126.88 1154.76 478.17 453.74
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
λ(nm) 697.98 582.85 547.96 446.98
Calibration curve:

Sodiun(Na) lamp

Spectral yellow red yellow Yellowish Green 1 Green2 Central

Line(left) green line
angle 357 ﾟ 353 ﾟ 352 ﾟ 352 ﾟ
3.75’ 50’ 8.5’ 9.75’
357 ﾟ
5.25’
Spectral yellow red yellow Yellowish Green 1 Green2
Line(right) green
angle 348 ﾟ 350 ﾟ 350 ﾟ
42.5’ 8.5’ 47.25’
348 ﾟ
48.25’
Grating constant d =8.3 × 10
Helium lamp

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue Central

Line(left) green blue line
angle 37 ﾟ 40’ 30 ﾟ 5’ 29 ﾟ 27 ﾟ 40’ 25 ﾟ 30’ 353 ﾟ 44’
20.5’
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
angle 309 ﾟ 317 ﾟ 3 318 ﾟ 319 ﾟ 40’ 321 ﾟ
29.5’ 0.5’ 35’

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue

Line(left) green blue
θ 43.93 ﾟ 36.35 ﾟ 35.6 ﾟ 33.93 ﾟ 31.76 ﾟ
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
θ 44.24 ﾟ 36.68 ﾟ 35.73 ﾟ 34.07 ﾟ 32.15 ﾟ

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue

Line(left) green blue
λ(nm) 575.83 491.95 483.16 463.28 436.88
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
λ(nm) 579.06 495.79 484.69 464.97 441.67

Calibration curve:
Sodiun(Na) lamp
Spectral Yellow red yellow Yellowish Green 1 Green 2 Central
Line(left) (order2) green line

angle 37 ﾟ 41’ 35 ﾟ 51’ 30 ﾟ 7’ 29 ﾟ 57’ 353 ﾟ 41’

37 ﾟ 35 ﾟ
49.5’ 56.5’
Spectral Yellow red yellow Yellowish Green 1 Green 2
Line(right) (order2) green

angle 309 ﾟ 311 ﾟ 315 ﾟ 54’ 317 ﾟ

25.5’ 10.5’ 20.5’
309 ﾟ 311 ﾟ 9’
27.5’

Grating constant d =3.3 × 10 𝑚

Helium lamp

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue Central

Line(left) green blue line
angle 5ﾟ 4ﾟ 2 ﾟ 5.5’ 2ﾟ 1ﾟ 1ﾟ 375 ﾟ
22.5’ 1.25’ 49.25’ 26.5’ 22.5’
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
angle 342 ﾟ 343 ﾟ 344 ﾟ 345 ﾟ 345 ﾟ 345 ﾟ
2.25’ 25’ 49.25’ 5.5’ 27’ 20.25’

Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue

Line(left) green blue
θ 8ﾟ 6.63 ﾟ 4.72 ﾟ 4.65 ﾟ 4.45 ﾟ 4.1 ﾟ
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
θ 15.34 ﾟ 13.96 ﾟ 12.55 ﾟ 12.28 ﾟ 11.93 ﾟ 12 ﾟ
 Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(left) green blue
λ(nm) 459.27 381 271.54 267.52 256.04 235.94
Spectral red yellow green Bluish Greenish blue
Line(right) green blue
λ(nm) 873 796.1 717.06 701.87 682.16 686.1
Calibration curve:

Sodiun(Na) lamp
Spectral yellow red yellow Yellowish Green 1 Green2 Central
Line(left) green line
angle 10 ﾟ 4 ﾟ 20’ 4 ﾟ 2’ 3 ﾟ 30.5’ 2 ﾟ 49’ 2 ﾟ 20’ 353 ﾟ
24.75’ 43.75’
10 ﾟ 4 3 ﾟ 32.5’
36.5’
Spectral yellow red yellow Yellowish Green 1 Green2
Line(right) green
angle 332 ﾟ 343 ﾟ 343 ﾟ 343 ﾟ 345 ﾟ 345 ﾟ
46.5’ 2’ 23.5’ 50.5’ 53’ 14.5’
332 ﾟ
47’
￭問題討論
1. According to Fig. 1, what is the energy difference between the fine-structure
energy levels of 3 P3/2 2 and 3 P1/2 2 , and what is the ratio between them?

Ans:

2. Describe in detail how the orbital angular momentum interacts with the electron
spin angular momentum in an atom

Ans
軌道角動量=L，自旋角動量=s，原子能階=L+S，且 L 及 s 的耦合，即為原
子光譜 在精細結構下的結果.