Factors Affecting Street Vendors’ Motivation in Operating Business

Amidst COVID 19- Pandemic

FB1-G12-05-ABM

Anay, Mary Rose B.

Bagares, Kristene D. Montecillo, Angel Mae A.

Members
Baconga, Ilah Faith A. Mendoza, Hanz Louie R..
Baliquig, Ace Angievel B. Monterona, Mikhaela A.
Cena, Marjorie C. Naguita, Mark Francis P.
Dal, Christine Mae H. Obar, Johanah Mae A.
Gorit, Cherie Jane C. Ovalo, Lexis John B.
Gumahin, Sharmaine M. Pacursa, Karla Joy L.
Jaspe, Regine S. Portuguez, Richard F.
Laylay, Honey Jane S. Quieta, Rosslyn Jhoy S.
Luconan, Joylieth S.

Thursday and Saturday

10:30am-12 nn

October 14, 2022

1
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background Information of the Study

The COVID-19 pandemic, a transmissible disease, prompted a nationwide

lockdown. It was in March 2020 when the Philippine government first declared a

nationwide lockdown to prevent the spread of the corona virus. Many businesses have

been forced to close; many employees have lost their jobs; and one of those affected

are the street vendors. Street vendor is someone who sells goods to the general public

without having a permanent built-up structure from which to do so. Street food refers to

prepared foods and beverages that are sold by a vendor on the sidewalk or in other

public settings like marketplaces or fairs, Street foods are part of community life which

has become part of the dietary niche of low-income population (Allen, L. & Prentice A.,

2005). The street food trade has three characteristics: it is cheap, convenient, and easy

to access throughout cities; and it is served in vans or kiosks that are typically located

on commercial streets and at festivals (Bellia et al., 2016). Street vendors are a relevant

topic during the pandemic because their exposure puts them at a higher risk of corona

virus infection. According to Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and

Organizing (WIEGO 2012), street vendors sell goods and provide services in broadly

defined public spaces such as open-air areas, transportation interchanges, and

construction sites. As a result, because they work in public (and often crowded) places,

they may be more vulnerable to the virus. And because of a nationwide lockdown due to

a virus, some people lose their motivation, have anxiety, and worse, depression,

because there’s no work, no one allowed to go outside, including the street vendors.

2
Motivation is defined as the reason why you are doing something or the level of desire

you have to do something. (Melissa, 2021) stated that during the coronavirus pandemic,

it is not uncommon to feel a lack of motivation brought on by things like quarantine,

isolation, and prolonged trauma.

Filipinos really love to eat street foods because, aside from being convenient, it is

less expensive, saves time, and eliminates the need to buy food and prepare meals.

According to Steven (2011), there is a large percentage of the population that is

patronizing street foods. Even before the pandemic, there were many scattered street

vendors in the Philippines, especially in schools because most of their customers were

students. But the unexpected virus that is highly contagious did come. According to

ReliefWeb (2021), by the end of March 2020, all public schools, which support 25

million students, will be closed due to COVID-19. So many street vendors lost

customers, especially the street vendors in PHINMA COC Oak St. The combined sales

of street stalls or kiosks in the Philippines reached approximately 1.22 billion U.S.

dollars in 2020, reflecting a significant decline from the previous year (Statista, 2022).

The decrease was attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in heightened

social distancing measures. The spread of the infectious virus has had a big impact on

them because their business has been affected and it has become sluggish. What is

worse is that, weeks after the school closure, the government implemented the

Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ) to prevent the spread of the infectious disease.

In response to the pandemic, most governments Agreed to close off their frontiers,

attempting to stop Spreading the virus and expecting to avoid havingtoo Many infected

people. This policy was also protecting the health system from collapse while trying to

3
save Many human lives. These and other emergency measures are guided by the

limitations set forth in the Constitution (Article VI, Section 23) and relevant international

law. On March 25, the Philippine Congress passed Republic Act 11469—also known as

the “Bayanihan (United Efforts) to Heal As One Act.” Since the quarantine restrictions

were implemented, their motivation to sell every day may have been affected because

they themselves might be infected by the deadly virus. Currently, our economy is

improving, but sadly, everything that is necessary to buy has seen an increase in prices.

We are now in a new normal. All face-to-face classes, all workers/laborers, and

establishments are back to normal already, and because of the new normal, the street

vendors are probably returning to selling street foods now even in the middle of this

pandemic.

The researcher conducted this study by aiming to provide information and

knowledge with regards to the chosen topic “Factors affecting Street Vendors’

Motivation in Operating Business Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic” from the respondents’

(street vendors’) feedback. The researchers believed that this study was needed

because the importance of this research is to determine how the street vendors handle

their business in the middle of a pandemic, the factors that affect their motivation, and

whether the street vendors are motivated during the pandemic or not. The result of this

study will be useful not only for educational but also for real-life aspects.

Conceptual Framework

Operating a business during a pandemic is difficult. Street vendors are more prone

to bacteria yet still continue selling foods for their own survival. Selling foods in the

4
street is their main source of income. Amidst the pandemic, they did not stop selling

foods in the street. Lack of customers, following strict protocols, strict requirements from

IATF should be followed, and most of the street vendors are affected by this change.

Lack of customers, dropping demand for street foods, and customers losing their jobs

affect the income of street vendors during the pandemic. A shortage of customers

means a shortage of income and they will not be able to meet their everyday expenses,

which affect their lives and their businesses.

5
Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Factors
Operating
Affecting Business in
Street COVID 19-
Vendors Pandemic
Motivation

Figure1. Schematic Diagram of Conceptual Framework

6
Statement of the Problem

The researchers are interested about the Factors Affecting Street Vendors’

Motivation in Operating Business Amidst COVID 19- Pandemic. The researchers are

determined to answer the following questions:

1. Are the street vendors motivated to sell during the pandemic? If so, then what

makes the street vendors motivated? If not, then why?

2. What are the factors that can affect the street vendors’ motivation in operating

their business amidst COVID 19- Pandemic?

By the reason of, the researchers want to know the factors affecting the street

vendors’ behavior in terms of facing the COVID- 19 Pandemic. In behalf of that, we’re

also seeking a facts about their motivation in vending, even though they already

estimated the sales revenue or rather the sales that they will receive.

Research Hypothesis

Ho: There is no connection between the motivation of street vendors and COVID 19-

Pandemic.

Significance of the Study

The sole purpose of this study is to find and know what the ways and strategies of

the street vendors are. To keep them motivated and continue their business operations

7
amidst this pandemic crisis. The result of this study could be helpful to the street

vendors who are seeking ways to keep selling in the midst of a pandemic. For the street

vendors who are struggling to earn a profit.

For street vendors, this study helps them gather information to continue selling in the

midst of a pandemic. This can help them to keep selling when this kind of situation

happens again.

For civilians, it can help them to save money when they have a snack or lunch that

helps street vendors to earn profit, and it also helps them to gather ideas on what can

be done if they want to do business in the middle of a pandemic.

For students, It will help them to learn how to earn money. Students are creative and

active from a young age they can think of a small business to start with- in the near

future.

For the future researcher, this study will give them ideas and inspiration that can help

them achieve their research. This contains useful data that can be used in their study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research is focused mainly on the factors affecting street vendors’ motivation

in operating a business amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study will be conducted in

Carmen, Oak street that is scheduled to be done in the first semester of the school year

2022-2023. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting street

vendors’ motivation in operating a business amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying

8
these factors allows other street vendors to be aware of how they are going to run their

business regarding their source of motivation.

This study only aims to know the factors affecting street vendors’ motivation in

operating a business amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study would be done

through interviews of the chosen 25 street vendors as a survey and reference. With

their strategy, the researchers will be able to know the factors affecting street vendors’

motivation.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of this research, the following terms are defined

according to how they are used in the study.

AMIDST- in the middle of or during.

BEVERAGES- refers to the drinks that the street vendors sell to the consumers.

DISPROPORTIONATELY- to order not to do or use or to be done or use.

HEIGHTENED- to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or

effect.

PROMPTED- to assist by suggesting or saying the next words of something forgotten.

SCATTERED- It occurrs to the various locations rather than all together.

SEEKING- Attempt to find something to discover or questioning other people.

SLUGGISH- Not acting or working with full energy.

9
TRANSMISSIBLE- Able to be passed on from one person or organism to another.

VULNERABLE- Able to be easily physically or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked.

10
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations or conclusions,

methodologies, and other data that are related to the present study. The materials that

are included in this chapter help in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar

to the present study.

Related Literature

Foreign

According to Mohammad NurUllag 2021, he stated that Covid-19 was merely

lock down the economic status of different country and as a result, the government

decided to shut down all sectors of businesses including the street vending and they felt

severe distress regarding the vendor’s livelihood. The study found out that lock down is

a significant burden for street vendors, leaving them with no other choice for earning

money, they expend their savings, borrow money from other, take out loans and getting

hopeful to the government with adequate financial assistance so that the vendors can

survive during lockdown and to be able to continue their business just to provide the

essential needs for their families.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has changed our everyday routine. COVID-19

pandemic has disrupted and even stopped the majority of street vendors’ business

operations (Kaur et al., 2020). The livelihoods of the majority of street vendors have

been seriously harmed. Due to the lockdown, street vendors were unable to earn
11
money (Shahedul, 2020). Many street vendors were forced to close their businesses,

their financial stability and resulting in income losses, which exacerbated their debts as

they struggled to meet basic needs.

According to Mohammad NurUllag 2021, he stated that Covid-19 was merely

bang down the economic status of different country and as a result, the government

decided to shut down all sectors of businesses including the street vending and they felt

severe distress regarding the vendor’s livelihood. The study found out that lock down is

a significant burden for street vendors, leaving them with no other choice for earning

money, they expend their savings, borrow money from other, take out loans and getting

hopeful to the government with adequate financial assistance so that the vendors can

survive during lockdown and to be able to continue their business just to provide the

essential needs for their families.

Related Studies

Foreign

The study “Livelihood of street vendors in Yogyakarta amidst COVID 19

pandemic” ( Center for Population and Policy Studies, UniversitasGadjahMada,

Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia ) shows the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the lives

and business of the street vendors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. According to this study,

the street vendors are thinking and doing some new strategies to earn more money

during the pandemic since most of the people are staying at home to avoid the much

more spreading of the virus. The government policies related to social distancing and

12
working from home (WFH) have weakened Indonesian economic activities and had an

Impact on all sectors, one of them is street vendors. The results of their study shown

that the before and during pandemic the income of the street vendors are affected and

that’s why the street vendors are doing new marketing strategies.

This research study “livelihood of street vendors during Covid 19 lockdown in

manarashta India” The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-

19 and lockdown on the livelihood of street vendors in Maharashtra, one of India’s most

severely affected states. From the 16 th of May to the 1st of June 2020, 20 street vendors

who sold perishable goods for a living were interviewed over the phone. The data was

analyzed using thematic analysis after the interviews were transcribed. The study

sample included twelve food vendors and eight fruit and vegetable vendors. The

average age of food vendors was 36.91 years, the average number of years worked

was 12.25, the average education level was 7.83, and the average household size was

5.25. (Table 1). Ten of the food vendors were men, and two were women. The majority

of food vendors are from Vidarbha, followed by Khandesh and Western Maharashtra.

Findings of the study show that lockdown affected street vendors multidimensionally.

Street vendors had to stop working and many had to change their profession to selling

fruits and vegetables within a limited time zone with greater livelihood challenges and

financial hardships.

Based on the study “livelihood of street vendors during covid19 lockdown in

Bangladesh” (Department of public administration, Bangladesh University of

professional (BPU) Mirpur cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh ) demonstrates how the

COVID 19 pandemic has affected the livelihoods and businesses of Bangladesh’s.

13
According to this study, that when street vendors leave them with no other option for

making money during the lockdown, people spend their savings, borrow money from

others, take out loans, sell their home furnishings, and get money from their parents.

This study, one of the first to look into how a lockdown affects the livelihood of street

sellers in Bangladesh. The result of their study will assist administrations, government

departments, and informal labor associations in taking time-sensitive and affective steps

to ensure the safety of Bangladesh’s street vendors during covid19 pandemic.

We gather this data and studies that connects with our study to provide more

accurate data and to defend our study with there statements that helps our study to be

understood well. These other studies are not specifically same with our study but for

some statements and reasons are similar to ours. Similarities are the things that affects

the street vendors, street vendors, and motivation of street vendors. Their differences

are these study are not about motivation but about the factors and impacts of COVID 19

pandemic in the business of street vendors. The data will help our paper to be more

specific and to know whether there is an effect in the lives and motivation of the street

vendors during pandemic.

Theoretical Framework

According to Maslow’s theory, a satisfied need is not a strong motivator, but an

unmet need is. As per Marlow’s hierarchy of needs, one’s desire to gain new knowledge

or master new abilities is a strong motivator. This study was based on the theory of

Abraham Maslow, Maslow’s motivation theory (1940). This theory is stated that people

14
are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take precedence over

others. According to the theory physical survival is our most fundamental need, and it

will always drive our behavior in the beginning.

What drives us after that level has been reached is the subsequent level

up, and so on. According to the theory people are motivated to do things to reach a goal

if they believe in the worth of that goal. Equity theory as it relates to the motivations of

street vendors in operating their business amidst covid19-pandemic in Oak street

Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City Emphasizes the motivations during pandemic. This

theory provides information that supports our research .

15
 Research Questions

Directions: Put a check () mark on the box on which you think is the best answer.

QUESTIONS YES NO MAYBE

1. Are there times that you

feel unmotivated and
decided to stop your
business?

2. Did your income affect

your motivation?

3. Is your family one of

your motivations to
operate your business
even though we are in
the middle of a
pandemic?

4. Is the lack of customer

due to the pandemic the
reason why you are not
motivated to sell?

5. Does COVID 19 affect

your business
negatively?

16
17
REFERENCES

Allen, L. & Prentice, A., (2005). Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition 2nd Edition. Academic

Press.

Bellia, C., Pilato, M. and Seraphin, H. (2016), “Street food and food safety: a driver for

tourism?”, Calitatea, Vol. 17 No. S1, pp. 20-27.

Melissa. (2021). Sparking and maintaining motivation.

Rane, S., (2011). Street Vended Food in Developing World: Hazard Analyses.

ReliefWeb. Fighting Against a World Without Education.

https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/fighting-against-world-without-education

Statista. Street stalls or kiosks sales in the Philippines 2015-2021.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/1288445/philippines-street-stalls-or-kiosks-sales/

Joko, A., & Abdul, A. (2021). Livelihood of street vendors in Yogyakarta amidst the

COVID-19 pandemic. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 325, p. 06012).

Hossain, M. K., & Hossain, A. (2012). Factors affecting employee’s motivation in the

fast food industry: The case of KFC UK Ltd. Research Journal of Economics, business

and ICT, 5.

Ullah, M. N. (2021). Livelihood of Street Vendors During Covid-19 Lockdown in

Bangladesh: Earnings Break off Expenses Remain. Indonesian Journal of Social

Research (IJSR), 3(3), 160-170.

18
19