Which vs That

Hum
Hum banaya
banaya ye
ye Niyam
Niyam

The missile,which killed 40 people,was

fired from the base.
 Which vs That

All,Any,The only,The same, none, much, the little, the few,

nothing and superlative degrees are all followed by that only.
Hum banaya ye Niyam
Subject Object
Subject Object
Subject Object
 Both ke Nakhre

Both..as well as

Both......Not

Both....Poss.Adj
No.+Unit+Noun/Adjective-Singular
No.+Unit+Noun/Adjective-Singular
Hundreads of thousands
 Doctor pehle marega ya Patient

Earlier- Past Perfect

Two Actions
Later- Simple Past
Doctor pehle marega ya Patient
Ex: Swimming is good for health.
• He enjoys swimming.
• He is fond of swimming.
• No smoking.
Ex: I hope you don’t mind me borrowing your phone.
I hope you don’t mind me borrowing your phone.
 VERB+SUBJECT
Never, not, few, hardly, scarcly, too, so etc

Ex: He never helps me. CONDITION

Never he does help me. Takes inversion when sentence
Never does he help me starts with these adverbs.
Hardly he did enter the room when it began to rain
CDS 1 2014
CDS 1 2019
NDA 2
2019

CDS 2 2017

CDS 1 2017
 Used for two persons/things Used for more than two person
which are separate/distinct. /things. Portrays idea of being
in GROUP

CDS 2 2018 CDS 1 2021

NOTE:

My, our, your,

his, her, its, their

To+ Possessive adjective+ home

Ex: If you are not feeling well, you should go to home.
Adv.
I went to home
Adv.
last night.
She came to my home last night.
Noun
I went to your home
Noun
yesterday.

NOTE: We do not use preposition between verb and adverb

NOTE:

He went to temple (Pooja Karne)

He went to the temple .(Pooja se

Milne)
Of From
in By
CDS 2 2017
By the side of In addition to
CDS 2 2017
CDS 2 2021

CDS 2 2015
 Advice/ask/beg/encourage/invite/tell

Transitive verbs+ Noun/Pronoun

Ex: He advised to his friend to take the offer
He advised his friend to take the offer.
When in a sentence there are 1st, 2nd and 3rd person, the order will be “231“
Ex:You, he and I have finished the work.

NOTE: But in confessional “123” WILL BE USED WITH

PLURAL PROUNS ALSO.
sentences, expressing some Ex: We, you and they will attend the meeting
mistake or guilt the order is
“123”

Ex: I, you and he are responsible for the mistake.

Shows possession/ ownership Seperation/ detachment
Shows cause/reason

What something is made of

Ex: The 49th ODI Century of Virat Kohli
He died of cancer
The water of Yamuna is polluted
This car is made up of Gold.

Switch off the fan

Trun off the lights
The meeting has been put off for a week
CDS 1 2017
CDS 1 2015

CDS 2 2017

CDS 1 2018 CDS 1 2019

 No change of medium/state Change of medium/state

Ex: He was swimming in the water. Ex: He Dived into the water
Students are walking in the room Student walked into the room.
Lay – Laid – Laid Lie – Lay – Lain
Lay is followed by an object Lie cannot have an object

CDS 1 2017
 POINT OF TIME LENGTH OF TIME

Working as Preposition
Ex: He has been absent since Monday
He has been absent since I left. Both telling time

Working as conjunction
Ex: Since he was absent, he could not come.
He has been living here for/since a month.
He has been living here since/for January.
I have known him since/for 2014.
I have known since/for a Year.
 Ex: He studied English at home
He studied the English at home.

NOTE: The English defeated the French

Here, The English refers to ‘ The British’
If two or more pronoun are joined by “AND”, “OR”, they should
be in the same case.
Ex: These books are for you and I.
• These books are for you and Me.
• You and I will do the work.
• Ram or myself will do the work.
• Ram or I will do the work.
 After the word “LET”, the pronoun is always in
objective case.

Ex: Let him do the work.

• Let us attend the meeting.
• The principal ordered the peon to let Ram and I enter his chamber.
• The principal ordered the peon to let Ram and Me enter his chamber.
Subjective case - verb - Objective case

I hate she
I hate her
Ex: He is better than me / I
It is me / I who is going to help you
 He was awaiting ______the results.

NOTE:
Ex: Mala’s and Priya’s account Ex: He was ready with a cup and a saucer
Malla’s and Priya’s joint account He was ready with a cup and saucer
Malla and Priya’s joint account

He introduced me to his friend who is a singer and a scientist.

He introduced me to his friend who is a singer and scientist.
Ex: He is the best boy in the class.
She is the tallest girl in the family.

Ex: The first chapter of the book is interesting.

Our class is on the second floor.
 Seldom is Adverb
so Inversion will be there.
 Seldom is Adverb
so Inversion will be there.
 MANNER TIME

PLACE

Ex: The girl sang beautifully last night at the party.

• The girl sang beautifully at the party last night.
• Come at 7 o’clock to my house.
• Come to my house at 7 o’clock.
• They last evening went to Jaipur.
• They went to Jaipur last evening.
Stative verb: Always takes an Adjective.
Action verbs: Always takes an Adverb.
Ex: The birds sang sweet/sweetly.
• He was smiling sweet/sweetly.
• The food tasted sweet/sweetly.
• He was weeping bitter/bitterly.
 ADJECTIVE ADVERB
FOLLOWED BY A NOUN FOLLOWED BY AN
ADJECTIVE

Ex: The task given to him is too much/ much too difficult.
• There was too much/much too snow on the road.
• I have not had too much/much too sleep today.
• The boys are too much/much too lazy to volunteer for extra work.
Attack – when attack work as a VERB then we can’t use ON
Attack :- when attack work as a NOUN then we can use ON

VERB
Ex :- Neha attacked on Rahul
Ex:- There was an attack on the girl
NOUN
ORDER :- when ORDER work as a VERB then we can’t use FOR
ORDER :- when ORDER work as a NOUN then we can use FOR

EX:- Aman ordered for two cups of tea

Ex:- Aman gave an order for two cups of tea
 ADJECTIVE

ADVERB
Ex: He is smart enough to do the job (ADVERB)
He has enough knowledge.(ADJECTIVE)

Ex: She is smart enough to handle the situation.

• He is enough tall to be selected in the basketball team.
• He is tall enough to be selected in the basketball team.
• He is wiser enough to do work on time.
• He is wise enough to do work on time.
Ex: Sara is junior than Neeta. (Incorrect)
Sara is junior to Neeta. (Correct)
I prefer reading than walking. (Incorrect)
I prefer reading to walking. (Correct)
Ram is as good as Anshul
Looking forward to- expect/ anticipate something positive.
With a view to- with the purpose of.

Ex: I come here to teach

• I come here with a view to teach/teaching.
• I hope to meet you.
• I am looking forward to meet/meeting you.
• I am looking forward to good results. RESULT ITSELF
IS A NOUN.
Phrases like “ I wish”, “He/she wishes”,”as if”, “ as though”,
and indicating some unfulfilled wish/desire take simple past

Ex: I wish I was/were a doctor.

• If she was/were a bird, she would fly.
• He behaves as if he knows/knew everything.
 HAD-HAD
HAS-HAS
HAVE-HAVE
HAS-HAD
HAVE-HAD
 HAD-HAD
HAS-HAS
HAVE-HAVE
HAS-HAD
HAVE-HAD
 It denotes habit
of the past
Adjective Modal verb
V1
Main verb
Passive

Modal verb
Ex: He used to work hard.
He is used to work/working hard.
Adjective
He is better than any man. (Incorrect)
He is better than any other man. (Correct)
Ex: He is more wiser than his brother.
He is wiser than his brother.
• Sachin is capable doing more better work.
Sachin is capable doing better work.
• She is the most smartest girl in the class.
She is the smartest girl in the class.
• She is the most intelligent girl in the class.
Ex: The weather is comparatively hot/hotter.
• The train is relatively slow/slower.
• Earlier job opportunities were comparatively good/better.
 You also do not use
“BIG BLUNDER”
Ex:1.It was a blunder mistake.
It was a blunder.
2. The angry mob attacked the police officer.
The mob attacked the police officer.
3. He is a coward person.
He is a coward.
4. What is the passing/pass marks?
5. Which is the linking/link road to the city.
6. Put your sign/signature on the documents.
Ex: Somebody’s pure has been stolen.
Somebody else’s pure has been stolen
Ex: Woman after woman spoke against the cruel practices of dowry.
• Days by days/ Day by day, he is becoming weaker.
• Piles on piles/Pile of pile of books was/were arranged.
• Pages after pages/ Page after page of Gita was/were read.
• He enquired from doors to doors/door to door.
Ex: It’s time he goes/went/had gone to school.
• It’s time to do the work.
• It’s high time he does/did the work.
 CHANGE INTO

1. Plural
2. The
Proper noun
Ex: Aman is my favourite student to punish.
Aman is the virat kohli of our class.
Common noun
A set of/ a chain of / a team of / a band / a crowd of / a
group of / a class of / an army of / a series of / a yoke of / a
herd of / a fleet of / a batch of / a flock of / a garland of / a
collection of + PCN + SV

Ex :-A series of matches / were to be played between /India

and Australia before / the scandal of sport fixing / no error
Ago vs Before
It’s vs Its
A no of vs The no of
A vs AN
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
THE
 BONUS RULES

• He came with bag and baggage

• It was raining like cats and dogs
• He fought with tooth and nail