Physicochemical properties of three drugs

Paracetamol

• Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to
moderate pain.
• Chemical Formula: C8H9NO2
• Chemical name :N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
• Molecular Weight: 151.165gmol^-1
• White odourless crystalline powder; large monoclinic prisms from water.
• Dissociation constant: pKa = 9.0–9.5
• Partition coefficient: Pc = 6.237 (octanol: pH 7.2 buffer).
• Stability: Dry, pure paracetamol is stable to 45°C.
• Volume of distribution is about 0.9L/kg. 10 to 20% of the drug is bound to red blood
cells.
• Protein binding – The binding of acetaminophen to plasma proteins is low (ranging
from 10% to 25%), when given at therapeutic doses.
• Metabolism – the major metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilid
• Half-life – The half-life for adults is 2.5 h after an intravenous dose of 15 mg/kg
• Toxicity – LD50 = 338 mg/kg (oral, mouse); LD50 = 1944 mg/kg
• Melting point – 168-172
• Water solubility – 14 mg/mL at 25 °C, very slightly soluble in cold water but greater solubility
in hot water.

Doxorubicin

• Is a medication used to treat various cancers, including AIDS-associated Kaposi’s

Sarcoma .
• Chemical formula:C27H29NO11
• Molar mass:543.525 g·mol−1
• Weight : Average: 543.5193;Monoisotopic: 543.174060775
• Chemical Formula: C27H29NO11
• Volume of distribution: The steady-state distribution volume of doxorubicin ranges
from 809 L/m2 to 1214 L/m2.
• Protein binding: 75%
• Half-life :20 hours to 48 hours.
• Bioavailability: 5%
• Metabolism: Liver
 • Solubility: 50 mg/mL
• Melting point: 216°C

Aspirin

• Aspirin is NSAID (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) but it suppresses the normal

functioning of platelets.

•Molar mass :180.16 g/mol.

•Melting point :136 ℃.

• Boiling point : 140 ℃.

• Solubility in water: 3g of Aspirin can dissolve in 1 liter of water.
• It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
• It is weakly acidic in nature.
• Its density is \[1.40 g.cm^{-3}\].
• Chemical formula is C9H8O4C9H8O4C_{9}H_{8}O_{4}.
• Routes of administration : Oral and Rectal
• Bioavailability: 80-100%
• Protein Binding: 80-90%
• Metabolism: Liver
• Excretion:Urine