www.therali.org/books www.instamojo.

com/IAP

T\w

2
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

JpÀ B³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

3
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

JpÀ B³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

tPmk^v CSadpIv

IAP
C³Uy³ FXoÌv ]»ntjgvkv
\yqsUÂln
4
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

QurAn Oru Vimarsana Patanam

Language: Malayalam
(JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w)
Quran - A Critical Study
By Joseph Edamaruku

First edition: 1982

IAP eBook : 2020

Published by
IAP
Indian Atheist Publishers

Phone: 011- 41253212

For ordering print edition of this book by VPP

send SMS to :
91 9711188940
Email: indianatheist@gmail.com

Copyright © 1982-2020 by Sanal Edamaruku

Except brief quotations for book reviews or critical appraisals,

no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, forwarding, recording or by
any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
For permissions, contact indianatheist@gmail.com

ISBN: 81–7374–123–9

5
JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

6
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

DÅS¡w
\memw ]Xn¸nsâ apJhpc 7
H¶mw ]Xn¸nsâ Dt]mZvLmXw 26
A²ymb§Ä
1. Atd_y `qanimkv{Xhpw Ncn{Xhpw 30
Ncn{Xw 32
2. Atd_ybnse arXaX§Ä 37
3. apl½Zv \_n 42
Hcp am\knItcmKn 47
4. apl½Znsâ IpSpw_PohnXw 56
5. JpÀ B³ 65
FgpXs¸«sX§s\? 72
6. lZokpIÄ 79
klolp _pJmcn 81
klolp apÉow 81
hymP lZokpIÄ 82
hn[nhnizmkw 83
kqcysâ kpPqZv 84
{]iv\¡mÀ 84
AZv`pX{]hÀ¯I³ 85
aq¶p Ip«nIÄ acn¨m kzÀKw 87
\áamb Ipfn 87
BSpt\m«¡mÀ 88
CÉmanse kmtlmZcyw 88
7. JpÀ B\pw imkv{Xhpw 91
]c¶ `qan! 91
BImiw 93
kqcy\pw N{µ\pw 94
Cu¨bpsS NndIn Huj[w 96
kv{Xobv¡v C{µnbkvJe\w 96
]\nbp­mIp¶sX§s\? 97
tIm«phmbv 97
kz]v\hpw apl½Zpw 98
]m¼v 99
7
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
tImgnbpw ae¡pw 100
a\pjy³ FenbmIpw! 100
]mc¼cyimkv{Xw 101
8. JpÀ B\pw ASna¯hpw 104
ASnakv{XoIÄ 107
ASnaItfmSpÅ s]cpamäw 107
D½v AÂhemZv 109
ASnahntamN\w 110
apl½Zv \_nbpw ASnakv{XoIfpw 112
9. {Iqcamb in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä 115
aXhntcm[nIÄ 117
tamjWw 118
hy`nNmcw 119
cXnsshIrX§Ä 121
AÃmlpsh¶ {Iqc³ 121
10. apÉow kzÀKw! 125
11. kv{XoIÄ XcwXmgv¯s¸«p 132
]À±m k{¼Zmbw 139
kv{XoIfpsS kp¶¯v 142
12. Nne {]tXyI BNmc§fpw AÔhnizmk§fpw 144
ap¯vA IeymWw 144
\mbv¡tfmSv hntcm[w 145
arK§Ä kwkmcn¨p 145
tcmKw ]m]¯nsâ ^ew 146
`£W¯nsâ hne¡pIÄ 148
hn{Klmcm[\ 149
13. apl½Zv P\n¡mXncps¶¦n 151
Bibliography 155
hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn
CÉmapw CSadpIpw 158
CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw 169
CSadpIn\v 11001 cq] C\mw 185
JpÀ B³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn 191
CSadpIn\v Hcp adp]Sn 207
bpànhmZnIfpw CÉmapw 211
8
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

\memw ]Xn¸nsâ apJhpc

Ct¶bv¡v aq¶p hÀjw ap¼v, 1982 Pqsse amk¯nemWv, “JpÀ
B³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w” F¶ Cu ]pkvXIw {]kn²oIcn
¡p¶Xv. AXn\p ap¼v CÉmw aXs¯ hnaÀin¡p¶ {KÙ§
sfm¶pw Xs¶ aebmf¯n h¶ncp¶nÃ. CÉmw aXs¯ Xpd
¶p hnaÀin¡m³ ]eÀ¡pw `bambncp¶p. apÉow P\kmam\y
¯nsâ thm«p \jvSs¸ScpsX¶ hnNmcw sIm­v CSXp]£
]mÀ«nIfn an¡hbpw CÉmwaXs¯ kv]Àin¡msX hgnamdn
\S¶p. A¯cw Hcp kmlNcy¯nemWv Cu ]pkvXI¯nsâ
H¶mw ]Xn¸v {]kn²oIcn¡p¶Xv. CXn\Iw aq¶p ]Xn¸pIÄ
]pd¯ph¶p Ignªp. CXv \memw ]Xn¸mWv.
‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ ]pd¯nd§nb A¶papXÂ
Xs¶ apÉow hÀKobhmZnIÄ AXns\Xncmb kacw XpS§n.
F¦nepw ]{X§Ä AtXäp ]nSn¨Xv \mepamkw IgnªmWv.
Fsâ kvt\lnX³ ]n.Fw. A_qt_¡À ]{Xm[n]cmbn«pÅ
‘eoKv ssSwkv’ BWv AXp XpS§nsh¨Xv. amÀIvknÌp ]mÀ«n
bpambn sFIyap¶Wnbn Ignªncp¶ AJnte´ym apÉow
eoKnsâ apJ]{XamWv ‘eoKv ssSwkv.’ ]n¡me kw`h§Ä
hnebncp¯pt¼mÄ AJnte´ym apÉow eoKns\s¡m­p Cu
kacw XpS§n¨Xp Xs¶ amÀIvknÌp ]mÀ«nbmsW¶p kwi
bn¡phm³ ImcW§fp­v.
AJnte´ym apÉow eoKv, XmcXtay\ Hcp sNdnb ]mÀ«n
bmWv. amÀIvknÌp]mÀ«nbpsS XWen Ignª AhÀ¡v apÉow
aXhnImcs¯ Cf¡nhnSm³ In«nb Ahkcw AhÀ icn¡pw
hn\ntbmKn¨p. C³Uy³ bqWnb³ apÉoweoKnsâ t\Xm¡·mÀ
Iptd¡qSn kaNn¯X DÅhcmbncp¶p. AhÀ BZyw Hcp ]pkvX

9
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
I¯ns\XncmbpÅ kac¯n\v Iq«pIqSm³ aSn¨p. B ]mÀ«nbpsS
A\ntj[y t\Xmhmbncp¶ kn.F¨v. apl½Zv tImb. C¯cw
aX{`m´pIÄ¡v FXncpambncp¶p. “eoKv ssSwkv” F\ns¡
Xncmbn PnlmZv hnfn XpS§nb L«¯n kn.F¨v. sUÂlnbnÂ
h¶p. A¶v At±lw Ft¶mSp ]dª hm¡pIÄ Rm³ Ct¸m
gpw HmÀ½n¡p¶p:
“CSadpIÃmsX asämcmfmWv Cu ]pkvXIsagpXnbsX¦nÂ
AXp hÀKobhmZamsW¶v F\n¡v tXm¶pambncp¶p. P\n¨p
hfÀ¶ {InkvXpaXs¯bmWv \n§Ä BZyw FXnÀ¯Xv. ]n¶o
Sv lnµpaX{KÙ§sf hnaÀin¨p. Ct¸mÄ JpÀBs\bpw hnaÀ
in¨p. F\n¡v CSadpInsâ A`n{]mb§tfmSp tbmPn¸nsænepw
\n§fpsS Dt±iip²nbn aXn¸p­v. F¦nepw B ]pkvXI
¯n\v Hcp adp]Sn FgpXm³ Rm³ ]dªn«p­v. ”
“XoÀ¨bmbpw B adp]Snsb kzmKXw sN¿p¶p” F¶v Rm³
At±lt¯mSp ]dªp. XnIª aX`à\pw hnizmknbpambn
cp¶p apl½ZptImb. ]t£, \mkvXnI\mb Ft¶mSv At§b
äs¯ kvt\lhmbv]v acn¡p¶Xphsc At±lw ImWn¨ncp¶p.
apÉow kapZmb¯nse {]apJ·mcmb aäp \nch[n hyànIfpw
Fsâ kplrZv heb¯nep­v. Rm³ JpÀBs\ hnaÀin¨XnÂ
Ahcn NneÀ¡v hnjaw tXm¶nsb¦nepw Fsâ Dt±iip²nsb
Ahcn Bcpw Xs¶ tNmZyw sN¿pIbp­mbnÃ. F¶m ‘ap
Åm’ amcptSbpw ‘apÉymÀ’ amcpsSbpw ‘auehn’amcptSbpw ØnXn
AXmbncp¶nÃ. Fsâ ]pkvXIw \ntcm[n¡Wsa¶v AhÀ
_lfw sh¨p. AXn\pth­n kwØm\þtI{µ Kh¬saâpI
sf AhÀ kao]n¨p. AXn\p ]pdta aX{`m´·mcmb AhÀ
temI¯nepÅ AÇoe ]Z§sfÃmw Iq«nsI«ns¡m­pÅ
sXdnI¯pIÄ Ab¨p. Znhkw A³]Xpw Adp]Xpw sXdn¡¯p
IfmWv A¡me¯v e`n¨psIm­ncp¶Xv. ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\
]T\w’ F¶ {KÙ¯n Rm³ D¶bn¨ncp¶ hmZKXnIÄ¡v
adp]Sn ]dbm³ Ignbm¯hcmWv C§s\ _lfw sh¨Xv F¶
Imcy¯n kwibanÃ.
Fsâ ]pkvXIw £p{ZIrXnbmsW¶pw AXpsIm­v CÉmw
aX¯n\v Hcp tIm«hpw hcnIbnsöpw B aXt\Xm¡·mÀ
10
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]dªp. ASp¯ hmNI¯n AhÀ Xs¶, AXp \ntcm[n¡
Wsa¶v Bhiys¸«p. £p{ZamsW¦n AXp kzbw \in¨pt]m
IpatÃm. \ntcm[n¡Wsa¶v AhÀ Bhiys¸«Xn \n¶p X
s¶ sXfnbp¶Xv B ]pkvXIw AhcpsS ASn¯d Cf¡nbn«p
s­¶mWv. tIcf¯nse henb Hcp hn`mKw bphm¡·mcpw
bphXnIfpw CÉmwaXw hn«p ]pd¯p t]mcm³ B ]pkvXIw
ImcWambn¯oÀ¶p. AXn\p klmbn¨Xv ‘eoKv ssSwkv’, ‘N{µn
I’ F¶o apÉow Zn\¸{X§fmWv. Ahbn Fsâ ]pkvXI¯n
s\Xncmbn h¶ hnaÀi\§Ä bpànhmZw F´msW¶p tI«n
«nÃmXncp¶ \nch[n apÉo§fpsSbnSbn Cu ]pkvXIt¯
¸änbpÅ hnhcw F¯n¨psImSp¯p. AhÀ tXSn¸nSn¨v B
]pkvX Iw hmbn¨p. A§s\ bpànhmZ{]Øm\¯n\v ]e
]pXnb BfpIsfbpw e`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ISp¯ hnaÀi\§
fneqsSbmsW¦nepw B {KÙ¯n\v C{Xtbsd {]Nmcw D­m¡n
¯¶ ‘eoKv ssSwkn’\pw ‘N{µnI’bv¡pw \µn ]dbm³ IqSn
Cu Ahkcw Rm³ hn\ntbmKn¡p¶p.
\pW{]NcW§Ä
apÉow eoKnsâ tIcf¯nse t\Xm¡·mÀ km[mcW ]dbm
dp­v, apÉow \yq\]£¯nsâ AhiXIÄ ]cnlcn¡pIbmWv
AhcpsS e£ysa¶pw H«pw hÀKobX AhÀ¡nsöpw. CXv
F{X AÀ°iq\yamsW¶v ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\’ ]T\¯n\p
tijap­mb kw`h§Ä sXfnbn¡p¶p. CÉmw aX hnizmkn
Isf {hWs¸Sp¯mt\m Bt£]n¡mt\m th­nbà Rm³
B ]pkvXIw FgpXnbXv. JpÀB³ \njv]£ambn ]Tn¨Xnsâ
^eamWXv. C§s\ A¡mZanIv Bbn«pÅ Hcp ]T\w h¶
t¸mÄ AXp icnbmtWm sXämtWm F¶p ]cntim[n¡m\pÅ
£atbm klnjvWpXtbm AhÀ¡nÃmsX t]mbn. BZyw ‘eoKv
ssSwkpw’ ]n¶oSv aäp apÉow ]{XamknIIfpw FgpXnb teJ\
§fpw {]kn²oIcn¨ hmÀ¯Ifpw AXp sXfnbn¡p¶p.
aXhnImcw Cf¡nhnSp¶Xn\p th­n Iůcw ]dbm\pw
apÉow hÀKobhmZnIÄ A¶p Xbmdmbn. apPmlnZv hn`mK¯nsâ
Hcp {]kn²oIcWamb ‘AÂa\mÀ’ amknIbn aqkm hmWn

11
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ta FgpXnb teJ\¯n \n¶v Hcp `mKw Xmsg D²cn¡p¶p:
“Bbni, JZoPm, ^m¯na XpS§nb kv{Xo cXv\§tf¡pdn¨v
‘AhÄ’ F¶pw apl½Zv, A_q_¡À, Aen XpS§nbhsc¡pdn
s¨Ãmw, ‘Ah³’ F¶pamWv ]pkvXI¯nepS\ofw {]tbmKw.
{]Xn]£s¯ _lpam\n¡p¶ kwkvImcalnabpw B`nPmXy
ip²nbpw Xm\pÄs¡mÅp¶nsænepw amtemIsc am\ns¨
¦nepw {]tbmKalna ]peÀt¯­Xmbncp¶p.”
CXv ]¨¡ÅamsW¶v Fsâ ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’
hmbn¨n«pÅ ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\mfpIÄ¡v Adnbmw. ss[cyap
s­¦n hmWnta Rm³ A§s\ ]pkv XI¯nepS\ofw
]dªncn¡p¶Xv H¶p ImWn¨pXcs«. hmb\¡mÀ AhchcpsS
I¿nepÅ ]pkvXIw ]cntim[n¨p t\m¡nbm Cu \pW kzbw
t_m[ys¸Spw.
CXpt]mse asämcp \pWbpambn Cd§nXncn¨Xv ‘eoKv ssSw
kv’ ]{XamWv. AhcpsS 1982 Unkw_À 9þmw XobXnbnse apJ{]
kwK¯nse Hcp `mKw t\m¡pI:
“CÉmansâ BZÀie£y§fntem aqe{]amWamb hnip²
JpÀB\nsem {]hmNI\mb apl½Zp\_n (k)bnsem GsX
¦nepw Hcp \yq\X XtâSt¯msS Nq­n¡mWn¡m³ ]¯p]Xn
\mep \qäm­pImew Dgdnb HmdnbâenÌpIÄt¡m `uXnIhmZn
IÄt¡m Ignªn«nÃ.”
I®S¨v Ccp«m¡nbm F´mWv hntijw? eoKv ssSwkv
hmbn¡p¶hcn ]ecpw B apJ{]kwKw FgpXnb ]{Xm[n]
cpsS AdnhptItSmÀ¯p Nncn¨pImWpw. Ncn{XImc\mb F¨v.Pn.
shÂkS¡w F{Xtbm ]ÞnX·mÀ apl½Zns\bpw CÉmwaX
s¯bpw hnaÀin¨n«p­v. C³Uybn Xs¶ BcykamPØm]
I\mb Zbm\µkckzXn ‘kXymÀ°{]Imiw’ F¶ {KÙ¯nÂ
F{X \ninXambn apl½Zns\bpw CÉmwaXs¯bpw hnaÀin
¨ncn¡p¶p. aebmf¯n Xs¶ ]e ]Xn¸pIÄ Cd§nbn«p­v
B ]pkvXI¯n\v. AsXm¶pw eoKv ssSwkv ]{Xm[n]À tI«n«p
­mbncn¡pIbnÃ!
Cu apJ{]kwKw FgpXnbXnsâ XteZnhks¯ eoKv ssSw
kn ‘\new ]cnim¡pw’ F¶ ioÀjI¯n sImSp¯ncn¡p¶
12
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hmÀ¯bnse Hcp hmNIwXs¶ ]{Xm[n]À¡v adp]SnbmWv.
kakvX tIcf kp¶n bphP\kwLw P\d sk{I«dn Im´
]pcw F.]n. A_qt_¡À apÉymÀ ]dª B hmNIw CXmWv:
“apl½Zv\_n (k) ¡v \p_pƯv e`n¨ \mÄsXm«v 1400 hÀ
jambn CÉmansâ i{Xp¡Ä \nc´cambn \S¯nh¶ PpKp]v
kmhlhpw eÖmIchpamb B{IaW¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv
CSadpInsâ JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w (eoKv ssSwkv, 8þ12þ1982,
t]Pv 4, tImfw 3).
CXpw, apJ{]kwK¯nepw Rm³ D²cn¨ hmNI§fpw IqSn
H¯p t\m¡m³ hmb\¡mtcmSv A`yÀ°n¡p¶p.
Im´]pc¯nsâ {]kvXmh\bn asämcp \pWbpÅXpw
Nq­n¡mWn¡mXncn¡m³ \nhr¯nbnÃ. At±lw ]dbp¶p:-
“hnip² JpÀB\nsâ Aam\pjnIXtbbpw al ]²XnI
tfbpw XmdSn¨v P\§sf h©n¡m³ kntbmWnÌpIÄ ]qÀÆnI
Imew apXÂXs¶ \nc´cw ]cn{ian¨n«p­v.... kntbmWnk
¯nsâ XWen \ho\ bpànhmZnIÄ ]pXnb Bimsâ t\Xr
Xz¯n sIm­ph¶n«pÅ Cu IpX{´§fpw apÉowIÄ \new
]cnim¡nhnSpw.”
(eoKv ssSwkv, 8þ12þ82. t]Pv 4, tImfw 3,4)
“\new ]cnim¡pw” F¶p ]dªm {KÙImcs\ sIm¶pI
fbpw F¶mWtÃm AÀ°w. Hcmsftbm ]¯p t]sctbm sIm
¶m bpànhmZw Ahkm\n¡psa¶mWv Im´]pcw IcpXp¶
sX¦n At±l¯n\p sXänt¸mbn. ‘sIm¶pIfbpw’ F¶p
`ojWns¸Sp¯p¶ I¯pIfpw [mcmfw F\n¡p In«p¶p­v.
AsXm¶pw sIm­v `bs¸Sp¶ Bfà Rm³. kzÀK¯nepw
\cI¯nepw acWm\´cPohnX¯nepw hnizmkanÃm¯ bpàn
hmZnIÄ¡v acWt¯¸än `banà Xm\pw. AX§s\ \n¡s«.
bpànhmZnIsf ‘kntbmWnÌpIÄ’ F¶p hnfn¡m³ F´p
sXfnhmWv Im´]pc¯n\pÅXv? bqZ·mcpsS aXcmjv{Sob {]
Øm\amWv kntbmWnkw. temIs¯¼mSpapÅ bpànhmZnIÄ
atäXp hÀKobXtbbpw F¶Xpt]mse kntbmWnkt¯bpw
FXnÀ¡p¶hcmWv. kntbmWnk¯ns\Xncmbn kacw sN¿p¶

13
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]n.FÂ.H.sb ]n´m§ns¡m­v \nch[n teJ\§Ä FgpXnbn
«pÅ Hcp ]{X{]hÀ¯I\mWv Rm³. ]n.FÂ.H. t\Xmhmb
bmÊÀ Bc^m¯v sUÂlnbn h¶t¸mÄ At±ls¯ CâÀ
hyq sNbvXv ASp¯ Ime¯pXs¶ Rm³ Hcp teJ\sagpXnbn
cp¶p. AsXms¡ hmbn¨n«pÅ tIcfobtcmSv Rm³ kntbmWn
k¯nsâ XWen \n¶psIm­mWv CÉmw aXs¯ hnaÀin
¡p¶sX¶p ]dªv [cn¸n¡msa¶p IcpXnbXv sXämbnt¸mbn.
eoKv ssSwknÂh¶ teJ\§Ä DS\ofw C¯cw \pWIfpw
hnhct¡SpIfpw \ndªXmWv Nne DZmlcW§Ä Xmsg sImSp
¡mw.
1. “hnÚm\¯nsâ {]Imiw bqtdm¸nemIam\w ]c¯nbXpw
CÉmambncp¶p.”
(sI.]n.H.dlva¯pÅ, eoKv ssSwKv, 12þ12þ82).
tIm¸À\n¡kpw Keoentbmbpw {_qtWmbpw sI¹dpw sFk
Iv \yq«Wpw thmÄ«bdpw dqtkmbpw t_¡Wpw tjIvkv]nbdp
sams¡bmWtÃm bqtdm¸n hnÚm\¯nsâ Zo]w sISp¯n
bXv. Ahscms¡ apÉo§fmsW¶mbncn¡mw ]mhw dlva¯p
Å IcpXnbncn¡p¶Xv!
2. “apl½Zv \_n (k) CÉmw aX Øm]I\msW¶v ]dªp
sIm­v (CSadpIv) XpS§p¶p. CXv XoÀ¯pw sXämsW¶pÅXn\v
A[nIw sXfnhpIfmhiyanÃ.” (dlva¯pÅ)
]ns¶ Bcv aXw Øm]n¨p F¶mWmthm At±lw [cn¨psh
¨ncn¡p¶Xv. apl½Zv B aXw Øm]n¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v ‘CÉmw’
Fs¶mcp aXw temIs¯§pw D­mbncp¶nà F¶v BÀ¡mWv
Adnbm¯Xv?
3. “]pcpj\v kv{Xotb¡mÄ GXmbmepw FÃm AÀ°¯nepw
_p²nbpw iànbpap­v.” (dlva¯pÅ).
amUw Iyqdn¡pw, CµncmKmÔn¡pw, amÀKcäv Xm¨dn\pw dlva
¯pÅtb¡mÄ _p²n IpdhmsW¶mbncn¡pw ]mhw hnizkn
¡p¶Xv!
N{µnIbpsS IkÀ¯v
AJnte´ym apÉow eoKnt\t¸mse Hcp sNdnb ]mÀ«nbÃ,

14
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
C´y³ bqWnb³ apÉow eoKv. AXnsâ apJ]{Xamb ‘N{µnI’
bv¡v eoKv ssSwknt\¡mÄ {]Nmcap­v. AJnte´ym apÉow
eoKnsâ t\Xm¡³amsc¡mÄ cmjv{Sob ]mc¼cyapÅhcpw Adn
hpÅhcpamWv C³Uy³ bqWnb³ apÉow eoKv t\Xm¡·mÀ.
‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’, F¶ ]pkvXIs¯¸än N{µnI
BgvN¸Xn¸n FgpXnb hnaÀi\¯n B kaNn¯X AhÀ
{]ISn¸n¨p I­p. AhcpsS hmZ§Ä Øm]n¡m³ {ian¨n«ps­
¦nepw AXn aX{`m´p Ipdhmbncp¶p. F¶m eoKv ssSwkn
sâ shdfn I­t¸mÄ ‘N{µnI’bpsS kzcw amdn. 1982 Unkw_À
22þmw XobXn apXÂ A_pap_mdIv Fs¶mcmÄ Hcp ZoÀLamb
teJ\]c¼c Xs¶ AXn FgpXn. B hnaÀi\§Ä HcpXcw
‘IkÀ¯p’ t]msebmWv tXm¶nbXv. Nne DZmlcW§Ä Xm
sg sImSp¡mw.
apl½Zv \_nbpsS hN\§Ä BsW¶v hnizkn¡s¸Sp¶
XmWv lZokpIÄ. AXn Hcp `mK¯v C§s\ ImWmw:
“Xncpta\n Acpfn: \n§fn hÃhcptSbpw ]m\ob¯nÂ
Cu¨ hoWp t]mbm B Cu¨sb apgph³ AXn ap¡nbn«p
]pdt¯s¡Sp¯pIfbs«. Cu¨bpsS Hcp NndIn tcmKhpw
atä NndIn tcmKia\hpamWpÅXv.”
(klolp _pJmcn lZokv 1358)
CXv Rm³ ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\’¯n D²cn¨psIm
­v, CXv Hcp ‘ssZh ZqX³’ ]dªXmsW¦nepw Aimkv{Xobam
sW¶p ]dªncp¶p. AXn\v N{µnIbpsS adp]Sn CXmWv:
“CÉmanse hnizmk]chpw A\pjvTm\]chpamb ]ca{][m
\amb Imcy§sf hnebncp¯msX Cu¨bpsS NndIpIfnse
tcmKmWpt]msebpÅ Imcy§Ä ]ÀÆXoIcn¨p ImWn¡m\pÅ
{iaamWv \S¯nbn«pÅXv. Cu¨ Hcp NndIn tcmKmWphpw
adp NndIn {]Xyuj[hpw t]dn \S¡p¶nà F¶v bpànhmZn
bmb {KÙImc\v Øm]n¡m³ Ignªn«pt­m F¶pÅXv asäm
cp Imcyw.”
(A_pap_mdIv, N{µnI 22þ12þ82)
CXv s]s«¶p hmbn¡p¶hÀ¡p sXän²mcW tXm¶mw.
Rm³ N{µnI ]dbp¶Xpt]mse ]ÀhXoIcn¨nÃ; lZokpIfnÂ
15
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\n¶v ]IÀ¯pI am{Xta sNbvXn«pÅp.
\_nbpsS B hmNIw tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ km[mcW¡mc\pt]m
epw Nncnhcpw. ]t£ N{µnIbpsS teJI³ ]dbp¶Xv {i²n¨p
hmbn¨m Cu¨bpsS Hcp NndIn {]Xyuj[w Ds­¶mWv
At±lhpw hnizkn¡p¶sX¶v a\ÊnemIpw. ]t£ AXv a\p
jyÀ¡v a\ÊnemIp¶Xpt]mse Xpd¶p ]dbm³ ss[cyhpanÃ.
“_lp`mcymXzs¯ \nb{´n¨v GI `mcymXz¯ntebv¡p hgn
sXfn¡pIbpw `mcybv¡pw s]¬a¡Ä¡pw ktlmZcn¡pw amXm
hn\pw BZyambn kz¯hImiw t\Sns¡mSp¡pIbpw sNbvXXv
kv{XobpsS ]Zhn DbÀ¯nbtXm Xmgv¯nbtXm?” F¶v N{µn
Ibnse teJI³ tNmZn¡p¶p. CXv HcpXcw IkÀ¯mWv. CXp
tI«m Ncn{Xw Adnbm¯ km[mcW¡mÀ¡p tXm¶pw GI
`mcymXzw CÉmansâ kw`mh\bmsW¶v. kv{Xo¡v kz¯h
Imiw sImSp¯Xpw B aXamsW¶p sXän²cn¸n¡m\pw CXnÂ
{ian¡p¶p. C¶pw apÉo§fpsSbnSbnteXpt]mse _lp`m
cymXzw asämcp aX¯nepanÃ. apÉow cmPy§fn _lp`mcymXzw
kÀÆ km[mcWamWv. {]hmNI\pt]mepw ]Xns\m¶p `mcyam
cpw 4 sh¸m«nIfpw D­mbncp¶p. CÉmw aX¯n kv{Xo¡p
]pcpjt\msSm¸w kz¯hImianÃ. B aXw DZv`hn¡p¶ Ggmw
iXI¯n\v ap¼v ]e cmPy§fnepw k¼¶Ifpw `cWm[nIm
cnIfpamb kv{XoIÄ D­mbncp¶Xmbn Ncn{Xw sXfnbn¡p
¶ntÃ? CsXms¡ ]dsª¦nepw kv{Xosb A_ebm¡mXncn
¡m³ N{µnI teJI\p Ignbp¶nÃ. At±lw ]dbp¶p: “djy
bn \n¶v Hcp kv{Xo _lncmImi¯nte¡v t]mbXpsIms­m
¶pw kv{Xo A_ebmImXncn¡p¶nÃ.” asämcp Øe¯p h¶
t¸mÄ At±lw Hcp RmWnt·Â Ifn IqSn \S¯p¶p: “AhcpsS
(kv{XoIfpsS) AhImikwc£W¯n\p th­n \nba§Ä
\nÀ½n¨psIm­p kv{XoIfpsS tamNI\mbn«mWv apl½Zv {]Xy
£s¸«Xv.”
hmfpw ]Whpw
“hmfnt\¡mÄ aqÀ¨bpÅ {]Xybimkv{XamWv CÉmw F¶
Xpw C¡me¯v AXv DdIfn Dd¡w Xq§pIbsöpw BÀ

16
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¡mWv AdnªpIqSm¯Xv?”þ N{µnI teJIsâ tNmZyamWv.
F´mWmthm CXnsâ AÀ°w? CÉmw aXs¯ FXnÀ¡p¶
hÀs¡Xnsc hmsfSp¡m³ aSn¡pIbnsö kqN\ CXnep­v.
hmfnt\¡mÄ aqÀ¨bpÅ ‘{]Xybimkv{Xw’ BsW¦n F´n\v
Cu sNdnb IrXn I­psI«Wsa¶pw \ntcm[n¡Wsa¶pw apd
hnfn Iq«p¶p?
“hmfpw ]WhpwsIm­v am{Xw P\§sf IogS¡m³ Ignbn
söv hnbäv\mansâ Ncn{Xw \t½mSv hnfnt¨mXp¶nsÃ?” CXv
N{µnIbpsS tNmZyamWv. Rm\pw AXnt\mSp tbmPn¡p¶p. \n
tcm[\wsIm­v Hcmibs¯ \in¸n¡m³ Ignbnsöp IqSn
AhÀ a\Ênem¡nbncps¶¦nÂ!”
\ntcm[\sa¶ D½m¡n!
‘JpÀB³: Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ \ntcm[n¡Wsa¶p hmZn¡p
¶hÀ Hcp Imcyw ad¶pt]msb¶p tXm¶p¶p. C³Uy Hcp C
ÉmanI cmPyaÃ. ChnsS A`n{]mbkzmX{´yapÅ Hcp P\m[n
]Xy k{¼ZmbamWpÅXv. F¦nepw Hcp ]t£, aX{`m´·mcpsS
\nÀ_Ô¯n\p hg§n Bsc¦nepw AXp \ntcm[n¡m³ Xbm
dmbn F¶phcmw. A§s\ h¶m AXns\Xncmbn kp{]ow
tImSXnhsc tIkp \S¯m³ bpànhmZnIÄ XbmdmIpw. JpÀ
B³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w Cf¡nhn«Xnt\¡mÄ henb hnNmc
hn¹hw Cf¡nhnSm³ AXv ImcWambn¯ocpw. B ]pkvXI
¯n\v IqSpXÂ {]Nmchpw In«pw. Fs¶ B ]pkvXIw FgpXnb
Xnsâ t]cn AdÌp sN¿Wsa¶v NneÀ Kh¬saânt\mSv
Bhiys¸«n«ps­¶v Adnbp¶p. AdÌp sNbvXmtem aÀ±n
¨mtem Fsâ Bibw amdpIbnÃ. A§s\ Fs´¦nepw
kw`hn¨m Cu ]pkvXI¯n\v temI{]ikvXn e`n¡pw. AXv
bpànhmZ {]NcW¯n\v XoÀ¨bmbpw KpWIcambn¯ocpw.
Hcp aX{`m´sâ ]pe`y§Ä
eoKv ssSwkv, N{µnI F¶nhbv¡p ]pdta AÂ Aao³, Snäv
t^mÀ Smäv, lJoJ¯v, kXyZqX³, XpS§n \nch[n apÉow
{]kn²oIcW§Ä F\ns¡Xncmbn teJ\§Ä FgpXnbn
cp¶p. AXn ]eXpw hnaÀi\§tfm adp]SnItfm Bbncp¶nÃ,

17
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
t\sc adn¨v ]pe`y§Ä Bbncp¶p.
“bpànhmZnIfpsS tIcf¯nse XesXm«¸\mb an.
tPmk^v CSadpIv ao\m£n]pc¯v HmSnsb¯n CÉmwaX¯nÂ
tNÀ¶hsc I­p. ‘alÊÀ’Xbmdm¡n HSphn cq]w sImSp¯
Pmc krjvSnbmWv ‘CÉmwaX¯nse PmXn k{¼Zmbw’F¶mWv
A¶knw amknI Fsâ Hcp ]pkvXIt¯¸än ]dªncn¡p¶Xv.
‘Pmck´Xn’ F¶ hm¡nt\mSv B apÉow teJI\v henb Xm
ev]cyw tXm¶nsb¦nepw ChnsS AXv tbmPn¡pIbnsöv Adn
bmsX t]mbXn klX]n¡pI. `À¯mhpÅ Hcp kv{Xo ]c
]pcpj\n \n¶v KÀ`w [cn¨p {]khn¡p¶ Ip«n¡mWv Pmck
´Xnsb¶p ]dbp¶Xv. KthjWw \S¯n FgpXp¶ Hcp ]pkvX
I¯n\v Cu hntijWw F§s\bmWv tNcpI? shdptX No¯
]dbWsa¶mWv ‘A¶knw’ teJIsâ Dt±isa¶pÅXv At±
l¯nsâ teJ\§fnse C¯cw ]cmaÀi\§Ä sXfnbn¡p
¶p. Nne {]tbmK§fpw hmNI§fpw t\m¡pI:
“hnthIanÃm¯ CSadpIv Nn´n¨p. Xsâ {`m´amb a\Êv
AXn\p amÀKw Is­¯n.” (A¶knw t]Pv. 103)
“kzX{´ Nn´ F¶ AXy´w hgn]ng¨ bpànhmZn {]Øm
\w” (A¶knw t]Pv 103)
“CSadpIpw AbmfpsS A\pbmbnIfpw hnthInIfÃ. hnthI
ap­mbncps¶¦n aXmhew_nIfmIpambncp¶p. AhnthIn
IÄ¡v aXap­mbncn¡bnÃ. aXanÃm¯Xn\m ChÀ arKob
PohnXw \bn¡p¶p. arK¯n\v FhnsSbpw IS¶p sN¿mw. {]tXy
In¨pw Im«parK¯n\v BcpsS A[o\XbnepÅ hkvXphnepw
Ibdn¸nSn¡mw. arKatÃ, hntij_p²nbnÃtÃm. aämcpsS hnImc
s¯bpw am\n¡Wsa¶nÃ. Xsâ IS¶m{IaWw A\ycpsS am\y
Xtbbpw ]hn{XXtbbpw l\n¡psa¶p Nn´nt¡­XnÃ. Nn
´n¡p¶hÀ a\pjyctÃ? kz`mh sshIeyw _m[n¨ C¯cw
ZpjvSarK§sf F´mWp sNt¿­sX¶v _p²nbpÅ a\pjyÀ
¡dnbmw. C{]Imcw Cu arKXpeycpsS kz`mhsshIrXs¯
H¶p hnebncp¯nbn«p thWw taÂkqNnXIrXn hniIe\w
sN¿m³” (A¶knw t]Pv 104).

18
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
aXanÃm¯hscms¡ hnthIanÃm¯hcpw Im«parK§fpamWv
‘A¶kow’teJIsâ ZrjvSnbnÂ. At¸mÄ Cu Im«parK§fnÂ
Bscms¡s]Spw? hnizNn´I³amcmb _À{Sâ v dÊÂ, ImÄ
amÀIvkv, CwKÀtkmÄ, tXmakv s]bn³, PhmlÀem s\{lp,
F¨v.Pn.shÂkv XpS§nbhÀ¡v aXap­mbncp¶nsöpÅXv
{]kn²amWv. ChscÃmw Im«parK§fpw A¶knw teJI\pw
AXnsâ ]{Xm[n]cpw kwkv¡mck¼¶cpw! tIcfob\mb Ipän
¸pg IrjvW]nÅ, hn.Sn. `«Xncn¸mSv, kn.hn. Ipªpcma³, kn.
tIih³, kn. A¨pXtat\m³, C.Fw.Fkv. \¼qXncn¸mSv, F.sI.
tKm]me³, F.sI. BâWn, Cu.sI. \mb\mÀ XpS§nbhcpw
aXanÃm¯hcpsS Iq«¯n s]Spw. Chscms¡ A¶knw ]{X
¡mÀ¡v Im«parK§fmWv!
A¶knw ]{X¯nsâ hnaÀi\w ChnSwsIm­v Ahkm\n
¡p¶nÃ. 1983 P\phcn e¡¯nse XehmNIw “am\knIhn{`m
´nbm t]bnfInb CSadpIv” F¶mWv.
“fzemeb¯n \n¶v AXy´w B]¡camb ]nghnte¡m
Wv AbmfpsS (CSadpInsâ) a\Êv adnªXv. CXn \n¶v _p²n
bpw hnthIhpapÅhÀ a\Ênemt¡­Xv AbmfpsS bYmÀ°
am\knI\ne sXän¡gnªp F¶mWv.” (A¶knw t]Pv 119).
“hntij_p²nbnÃm¯ hnthIiq\ycmb arK§fpsS Hcp
{]Øm\¯n\mWv CbmÄ cq]w sImSp¯Xv ” (A¶knw t]Pv
119).
“Ipcp¯t¡Spw t]dn IYm\mbI³ ]pXnb {]Øm\¯nsâ
Np¡m³ ]nSn¨p \S¸mbn” (A¶knw t]Pv 120)
“a\Ênsâ Xmfw sXänb {]XnImcaqÀ¯n”, “hnISa\kvI
\mb CSadpIv”, “CSadpImim³”, “IpX{´ Nn´mKXn¡mc³”
Fs¶ms¡bmWv XpSÀ¶pw Ct±lw Fs¶¸än ]dbpt¼mÄ
D]tbmKn¡p¶ hntijW]Z§Ä. “hnthIanÃm¯ Im«parKw”
FgpXnb hnIehpw hnIrXhpamb Ahnip²IrXntb¸än A¶
knw teJI³ asämcp`mK¯v ]dbp¶p:
“kn.F³. Al½Zp auehnbpsS Jpdm³ ]cn`mjbpw klo
lp _pJmcnbpsS ]cn`mjbpw B[mcam¡nbmWs{X bpàn
hmZ{]NmcI³ IrXyw \nÀÆln¨ncn¡p¶Xv. IqSmsX apÉow
19
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
kapZmb¯nse \nch[n ]ÞnX³amcpsS IrXnIfpw d^d³
kn\v D]tbmKn¨n«p­v.”
A¶knw teJI\v C{Xsb¦nepw k½Xn¡m³ tXm¶nbXn
emWv F\n¡Zv`pXw. F¦nepw asämcp `mK¯v “sshIeyhpw
sshIrXhpw sshcq]yhpw \ndª AbmfpsS IrXn” F¶p
hntijn¸n¡p¶p­v. Cu hm¡pIfpsSsbms¡ AÀ°w A¶
knw teJI\v Adnbmtamsb¶v kwibamWv. Hcp KthjW{K
Ùs¯¸änbmWv At±lw C§s\ ]dbp¶Xv.
kuZn Atd_ybv¡pth­n h¡me¯v
aq¶p e¡§fnembn Ak`yhÀjw \S¯nsb¦nepw JpÀB³
Hcp hnaÀi\]T\¯n D¶bn¨n«pÅ {][m\ hmZKXnIÄs¡m
¶pw adp]Sn ]dbm³ an\s¡«n«nÃ. BsI ]dªncn¡p¶ Hcp
adp]Sn CXmWv:
“Atd_ybpsS `qanimkv{Xhpw Ncn{Xhpw hniIe\w sNbvXn
cn¡p¶ BZy A[ymb¯n AXns\ kmwkvImcnIambn hfsc
]nt¶m¡w \n¡p¶ Hcp `q{]tZiambmWv Nn{XoIcn¨ncn¡p
¶Xv. hnaÀiIsâ Cu hnebncp¯en bmYmÀ°yapt­msb
¶v \aps¡m¶p ]cntim[n¡mw. kuZn Atd_y, ba³ dn¸»n¡v,
HamÀ, bp.F.C, J¯À, _ldbv³, Ipsshäv F¶o cmjv{S§sf
bmWv Atd_y³ D]`qJÞ¯n s]Sp¯n CSadpIp ]dªn
cn¡p¶Xv. kuZn Atd_ybnse \oXn\ymbhyhØsb¸än Hcp
B[nImcnI {KÙw \ÂIp¶ hnhcw {i²n¡pI: “\oXn\ymb
hyhØ kzX{´hpw JpÀB\n A[njvTnXhpamWv. \oXn\nÀ
ÆlWw XmakanÃmsX \S¡p¶p. {Inan\Â tIkpIfpsS hnNm
cW, hn[n XoÀ¸v XpS§nbhsbÃmw GXm\pw BgvNIÄ¡Iw
\S¡pw. Ifhn\v ssIsh«pIbmWv in£.” (A¶knw t]Pv 149).
A¶knw teJI³ D²cn¡p¶ Cu B[nImcnI{KÙw tUm
IvSÀ F.F³.]n. D½ÀIp«nsbgpXnb “Gjy³ Ad_n cmPy§Ä”
BWv. 1978þÂ tIm«bs¯ Un.kn. _pIvkv {]kn²oIcn¨ {]kv
XpX ]pkvXI¯nsâ 41þmw t]Pn Kh¬saâns\¸än hnhcn
¡p¶ `mK¯p\n¶mWv A¶knw teJI³ taÂsImSp¯ hmN
Iw D²cn¨Xv. B ]pkvXIw BZyw apXÂ hmbn¨pt]mbncps¶

20
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¦n AXnepÅ Xmsgs¡mSp¡p¶ hmNIhpw IqSn ImWmam
bncp¶p.
“kuZn Atd_y C¶pw Hcp ]n³\ne cmPyamWv” þ D½ÀIp«n
]dbp¶p. “shdpw HcpiXam\w `qanbmWv IrjntbmKyambn«p
ÅXv. P\§fn 15 iXam\w am{Xta km£cXbpÅq. kuZn
Atd_ybnse icmicn a\pjymbpÊv 40 hÀjamWv. P\§fpsS
cmjv{Sob t_m[w GXm­v iq\yamsW¶p ]dbmw. `cWhpw
k¼¯pw GdnbIqdpw \nb{´n¡p¶Xv cmPIpSpw_¯nse A\
h[n cmPIpamc·mcmWv.” (Gjy³ Ad_n cmPy§Ä, t]Pv 18)
“kmwkvImcnIambn hfsc ]nt¶m¡w \n¡p¶hbmWv Cu
cmPy§Ä” F¶v Rm³ ]dª Hcp hmNIs¯ hnaÀin¡m³
A¶knw teJI³ FSp¯p ImWn¨ B[nImcnI {KÙ¯nÂ
]dbp¶ ta ImWn¨ hnhcWhpw “Ad_nItfmSpw Ad_n
cmPy§tfmSpapÅ a\pjyXzclnXamb þAtX, arKobm[njvTn
Xambþ sImSnb hntZzj¯nsâ ^ew” Bbn teJI³
ImWptam?
A¶knws\ A¶knw JÞn¡p¶p!
“GIssZhhnizmk¯ne[njvTnXhpw A\mNmc§tfm AÔ
hnizmk§tfmSp sXm«pXo­nbn«nÃm¯Xpamb CÉmw aXs¯
hnaÀin¨Xv sXämbn F¶v A¶knw teJI³ F\ns¡Xncmbn
FgpXnb teJ\¯n FSp¯p ]dbp¶p (t]Pv 103). ]t£, {]
kvXpX amknIbpsS asämcp `mK¯v ]mephÅn A_vZp l
aoZv auehn FgpXnb ‘Imew amdp¶p, CÉmw \odp¶p’ Fs¶mcp
teJ\w ImWmw. AsXm¶p hmbn¨p t\m¡nbm AÔhnizm
k§fpw A\mNmc§fpw CÉmans\ sXm«pXo­nbn«pt­m
F¶v a\ÊnemIpw. AXn \n¶v Hcp `mKw am{Xw D²cn¡mw:
“C¶s¯ apkÂams\ H¶p \nco£n¡pI. Ah\n¶p amXm
]nXm¡fp­v. ]t£, Xncn¨dnhnÃ. ktlmZc·mcp­v. ]t£,
hnthIanÃ. k´m\§fp­v. ]t£, IcpW ImWn¡p¶nÃ. `oXn
hnÚm\k¼¯n\p t{]cn¸n¡p¶panÃ. alm·mcp­v. ]s£
BZcn¡s¸Sp¶nÃ. k¼¯p­v, AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯n Nne
hgn¡p¶nÃ. BtcmKyap­v. AÃmlphnsâ ap¶n kpPqZv

21
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
sN¿m³ a\ÊnÃ. c£IÀ¯m¡fp­v, AhÀ A\pkcn¡s¸Sp
¶nÃ.” (A¶knw t]Pv 147)
“JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w” F¶ Fsâ ]pkvXI¯n\p
adp]Snbmbn “CÉmapw CSadpIpw” F¶ t]cn kn.Sn. A_vZp
dlow FgpXnb ]pkvXI¯n \n¶v Hcp`mKw ChnsS D²cn
¡mw:
“hnizmk]camb AÔXbnepw B[p\nI apÉo§Ä BcptS
bpw ]n¶neÃ. shfn¨¯nsâ hmlIcpw {]NmcIcpsa¶ _lpa
Xn¡v AÀlcmbncp¶ apÉow kapZmbw Xncn¨dnbm\mhm¯
hn[w Ccp«nsâ ASnaIfmbn Xcw Xmgv¶ncn¡bmWv. Hcp Ime
¯v AÔhnizmk§Äs¡Xnsc ]Shmtf´nb Ic§Ä C¶v
AÔhnizmk¯n\p th­n ]Ss]mcpXns¡m­ncn¡p¶p.”
(CÉmapw CSadpIpw t]Pv 122)
“CÉmanI ZÀi\hpw apÉo§fpsS PohnXhpw X½nepÅ
_Ôw hfsc t\À¯pt]mbncn¡p¶p.”
(CÉmapw CSadpIpw t]Pv 123)
‘A¶knw’ amknIbpsS hnaÀi\§Ä¡v F´pam{Xw Ig¼p
s­¶v CXn \n¶v hyàamIp¶p­v. Hcmsf hnaÀin¨v Fs´
¦nepw FgpXpt¼mÄ, AXv {]kn²oIcn¡p¶ ]{X¯nsâ Hcp
tIm¸n B Bfn\v Ab¨p sImSp¡p¶Xv Hcp kmam\y acymZ
bmWv. ]t£, A¶knw amknI¡mÀ B acymZ ImWn¨nÃ. CS
hmbn \n¶v apÉow IpSpw_¯n P\n¨ lmjnw Fs¶mcp
bphkplr¯mWv AsX\n¡v Ab¨pX¶Xv. AtXmsSm¸w At±
lw Ab¨ I¯nse GXm\pw `mK§Ä, Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶p.
“Cu I¯nt\msSm¸w Hcp apÉow {]kn²oIcWamb A¶
knw F¶ amknIbnÂ, Xm¦sfgpXnb ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\
]T\w’ F¶ ]pkvXIs¯ sXämsW¶p kaÀ°n¨pw Xm¦sf
hyàn]cambn Bt£]n¨pw FgpXnb Hcp teJ\w shbv¡p¶p.
AsXgpXnb a\pjysâ kwkv¡mcw sXfnbn¡p¶XmWXv. adp
]Sn AÀln¡m¯hn[w _meniamWv AXnse hmZKXnIsf¶v
hmbn¡p¶hÀ¡v a\ÊnemIpw. Cu adp]Sn teJ\w hmbn¨
t¸mgmWv Xm¦fpsS ]pkvXI¯nsâ ap¼n apÉow aX]Þn

22
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
X·mÀ F{Xt¯mfw XIÀ¶pt]mbn«ps­¶v a\ÊnemIp¶Xv. ”
]{XamknIIfneqsS C§s\ ]pe`y§Ä {]kn²oIcn¨Xp
sIm­v am{Xw apÉow ]ptcmlnX·mÀ Xr]vXns¸«nÃ. tIcfsam
«msI AhÀ Cu ]pkvXIs¯ hnaÀin¡p¶Xn\p th­n \nc
h[n aX{]kwK]c¼cIÄ Xs¶ \S¯n. thsd NneÀ Fsâ
]pkvXI¯ns\Xncmbn \nch[n ImskäpIÄ X¿mdm¡n {]Ncn
¸n¨p. ]t£, CXn Hcp¯Àt]mepw AXn Hcp Imsksä¦nepw
F\n¡b¨pXcm³ X¿mdmbnÃ. HcmfpsS A`n{]mb§Äs¡Xn
sc Hcp ]pkvXIsagpXpItbm, Imskäv Cd¡pItbm sN¿p
t¼mÄ AXnsâ {]Xn hnaÀin¡s¸« hyàn¡v Ab¨psImSp
t¡­Xv Hcp acymZ am{XamWv. AXpt]mepw Cu ImskäpIfpsS
DSaIÄ sNbvXnÃ. Cu ImskäpIÄ Fsâ ssIbn s]SmXncn
¡m³ {i²n¡Wsa¶v Nne apÅamÀ ]dªXmbpw tI«p. F´m
Wv C¯cw Hcp at\m`mh¯n\v Ahsc t{]cn¸n¨Xv? AhÀ
]dbp¶ hmZKXnIÄ¡p \ne\n¸nsöpXs¶btÃ?
]Xnaq¶v ]pkvXI§Ä
]{XamknIIfn h¶ hnaÀi\§Ä¡p ]pdta, ‘JpÀB³ Hcp
hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯nse hmZKXnIsf JÞn¡p
¶Xn\p th­n Bdp ]pkvXI§Ä CXn\nsS Cd§nbXmbn
Fsâ {i²bn s]«n«p­v. Ah Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.
1. CÉmapw CSadpIpw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: kn.Sn. A_vZpÀ dlnw.
{]km[IÀ: AÂlpZm _pIvÌmÄ, tImgnt¡mSv,
t]Pv. 131.
{]kn²oIcn¨Xv. 1982þUnkw_dnÂ.
2. CSadpIv hnaÀin¨ CÉmw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv : C. XmlnÀ
{]km[IÀ: tSm]mkv ]»nt¡j³kv, I®qÀ,
t]Pv 175.
{]kn²oIcWw: 1983 Unkw_À.
3. bpànhmZnIfpw CÉmapw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: H. A_vZpÀ dlvam³

23
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
{]km[I³: CÉmanIv ]»njnwKv lukv, tImgnt¡mSv,
t]Pv 316
{]kn²oIcWw: 1984 s^{_phcn
4. JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡v adp]Sn
FgpXnbXv: Hcp kwLw teJIÀ
FUnäÀ Sn.hn. apl½Zen.
{]km[I³: [njWm {KÙthZn, XriqÀ,
t]Pv 151,
{]kn²oIcWw: 1984 s^{_phcn.
5. CSadpIn\v Hcp adp]Sn
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: Fkv.Fw. X§Ä
{]km[I³: Fkv. Fw. X§Ä
\mZm]pcw. t]Pv 62.
{]kn²oIcWw: 1984.
6. JpÀBsâ alna
CSadpIn\v 11001 I C\mw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv : F³. A_vZpÀ dlnw
{]km[IÀ: tIcf Al½Zn¿m apÉow tÌäv I½än, t]Pv 39.
{]kn²oIcWw: 1985 s^{_phcn.
Rm³ FgpXnb ‘JpÀ B³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ F¶ ]pkvX
I¯n\v 174 t]PpIÄ am{Xta DÅq. taÂsImSp¯ FÃm ]pkvXI
§Ä¡pwIqSn 875 t]PpIfp­v.
Fsâ ]pkvXIs¯ hnaÀin¨psIm­v C§s\ Bdp {KÙ
§Ä ]pd¯p h¶t¸mÄ Xs¶, JpÀBs\ hnaÀin¡p¶ aäp
Nne IrXnIÄIqSn aebmf¯n ]pd¯phcnIbp­mbn. JpÀ
B³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w F¶ Fsâ {KÙ¯n \n¶pw Bth
iw DÄs¡m­hcpw apÉow kapZmb¯n P\n¨hcpambncp¶p
B IrXnIfn an¡Xntâbpw IÀ¯m¡·mÀ. Ahbn {][m\
s¸«htb¸änbpÅ hnhc§Ä Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.
1. JpÀB\nsâ Aimkv{XobX KWnX¯neqsS
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: A_vZpÅ ta¸bqÀ
{]km[IÀ: lnIva¯v ]»nt¡j³kv, ta¸bqÀ.

24
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
t]Pv 18
{]kn²oIcWw 1983.
2. CÉmansâ X\n\ndw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: sI.hn. skbvXp apl½Zv, B\¡bw,
{]km[IÀ: bpànNn´m _pIvkv, IÃnbqÀ, Xncph\´]pcw.
t]Pv. 48, {]kn²oIcWw 1983.
3. Al½Zv auehnbpsS ]¨ \pWIÄ
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: sI.hn. skbvZpapl½Zv, B\¡bw.
{]km[IÀ: lnIva¯v ]»nt¡j³kv, ta¸bqÀ, t]Pv 152
{]kn²oIcWw 1983 \hw_À.
4. apÉow hÀKobX C³Uy³ cmjv{Sob¯nÂ
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: tUm. C.hn. Dkvam³ tImb
{]km[IÀ: C³Uy³ FXoÌv ]»ntjgvkv, \yqsUÂln.
t]Pv 152,
{]kn²oIcWw 1983 Pqsse.
5. JpÀB\nsâ X\n\ndw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: F³.]n. dkm¡v
{]km[IÀ: lnIva¯v ]»nt¡j³kv, ta¸bqÀ.
t]Pv 32.
{]kn²oIcWwþ 1984 sabv.
6. apl½Zpw JpÀB\pw
{KÙIÀ¯mh:v Fw._n.sI.
{]km[IÀ: hna ]»nt¡j³kv, I®qÀ,
t]Pv 344.
{]kn²oIcWw þ 1983 Unkw_À.
7. icnA¯pw a\pjymhImi§fpw
{KÙIÀ¯mhv: CSadpIv.
{]km[IÀ: C³Uy³ FXoÌv ]»ntjgvkv, \yqsUÂln
t]Pv 64
{]kn²oIcWw: 1984 sk]vXw_À.
‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ hgn DZvLmS\w sN¿s¸«
CÉmwaX hnaÀi\¯nsâ {]XymLmX§fmWv Cu ]Xnaq¶p

25
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
{KÙ§Ä. AXn Bsd®w CÉmwaXt¯bpw JpÀBs\bpw
\ymboIcn¡p¶p. Gsg®w Ahsb FXnÀ¡p¶p. C{Xbpw
Fsâ {i²bn s]« ]pkvXI§fmWv. CXn\p ]pdta Cu Ime
L«¯n Cu hnjbs¯ kw_Ôn¨v aäp ]pkvXI§Ä Cd§n
bn«pt­m F¶v F\n¡dnbnÃ. apÉow ]{XamknIIfnepw bpàn
hmZ {]kn²oIcW§fnepw C¶pw bpànhmZhpw CÉmwaXhn
aÀi\hpw kPohamb Hcp NÀ¨mhnjbamWv. Fsâ Hcp ]pkvX
I¯n\v C{Xbpw Ne\ap­m¡m³ IgnªXn Rm³ A`nam\n
¡p¶p. A\pIqen¨pw {]XnIqen¨pw Cu NÀ¨bn ]s¦Sp¯
FÃmhÀ¡pw Rm³ \µn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. CÉmans\bpw JpÀ
Bs\bpw hnaÀi\hnt[bam¡p¶ \nch[n ]pXnb ]pkvXI
§Ä {]kn²oIcn¡p¶Xn\v Cu ]pkvXIw t{]cWbmIpsa¶v
F\n¡v Dd¸p­v.
Fsâ ]pkvXI¯nse hmZKXnItfmSv \qdp iXam\hpw
tbmPn¡pIbpw AtXkabw B ]pkvXIw {]kn²oIcn¨Xn\v
Fs¶ hnaÀin¡pIbpw sNbvX, asämcp hn`mKw BÄ¡mcp­v
þtIcf¯nse amÀIvknÌpImÀ. AhÀ ]dªXv aXs¯ C§
s\ Xpds¶XnÀ¡p¶Xp sXämsW¶pw aX{`m´nf¡phm³ am{X
ta AXp klmbn¡pIbpÅq F¶pamWv. Cu ]pkvXIw ]pd¯p
h¶n«v Ct¸mÄ aq¶p hÀjw ]qÀ¯nbmbn. aq¶p ]Xn¸pIfn
embn 32,000 {]XnIÄ AXp hnäp. F¶n«pw ]pkvXIw In«m\nÃm
sX BfpIÄ AXn\pth­n ]c¡w ]mbpIbmbncp¶p. ]ecpw
Cu ]pkvXI¯nsâ kntdmIvkv tIm¸nIÄ FSp¯p hnXcWw
sNbvXp. ]pkvXIw ssIadnªp ssIadnªv BfpIÄ hmbn¨p.
Hcp ]pkvXIw Npcp§nbXv 20 t]sc¦nepw sh¨p hmbn¨n«p
­mIWw. A¡W¡n Bdce£w t]sc¦nepw Cu ]pkvXIw
hmbn¨p ImWpw. F¶n«pw CXnsâ t]cn Hcp aX{`m´pw Cf
InbnÃ. NneÀ {]Xntj[n¡pIbpw thsd NneÀ Fsâ tImew
I¯n¡pIbpw sNbvXp F¶ÃmsX asäm¶pw D­mbnÃ. AtX
kabw apÉow kapZmb¯n P\n¨ At\Iw bphXo bphm¡
·msc B aX¯nsâ I\¯ AÔImc¯n \n¶pw ]pd¯p
sIm­phcm³ Cu ]pkvXI¯n\p Ignªp. {InkvXpaXt¯bpw

26
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
lnµpaXt¯bpw hnaÀin¨psIm­v Rm³ FgpXnb ]pkvXI
§Ä hmbn¨hcn ]ecpw B aX§Ä Dt]£n¨p. aXclnX
amb Hcp kzX {´ am\h kapZmbs¯ krjvSn¡p¶Xn\v Xpd¶
aX hnaÀi\w BhiyamsW¶v CXp sXfnbn¡p¶p. FÃm
aX§tfmSpw AÔ hnizmk§tfmSpw kÔnsNbvXp sIm­pw
aXt\Xm¡·mcpsS ap¼n XeIp\n¨psIm­pw BWv C³Uy
bnse Nne CSXp]£ ]mÀ«nIÄ apt¼m«p \o§p¶Xv. Adp]
¯n\mep hÀj§Ä Ignªn«pw C¶pw B hI ]mÀ«nIÄ apS
´n \o´p¶Xnsâ ImcWhpw asäm¶Ã.
‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ F¶ Fsâ Cu {KÙ¯ns\
Xncmbn {]kn²oIcn¡s¸«n«pÅ Bdp ]pkvXI§fntebpw
hmZKXnIÄ¡pÅ Fsâ adp]SnIÄ Ahkm\ `mK¯p sImSp
¯ncn¡p¶p. Cu ]pkvXIs¯ A\pIqen¨pw {]XnIqen¨pw
hnaÀi\w FgpXnb FÃmhÀ¡pw Rm³ \µn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p.
CSadpIv,
\yqsUÂln, 30-þ5þ1985

27
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

H¶mw ]Xn¸nsâ Dt]mZvLmXw

temI¯n \nch[n aX§fp­v. {InkvXpaXw, CÉmwaXw, bqZ
aXw, _p²aXw, lnµpaXw, I¬^yqjy³ aXw, emthmaXw,
jntâmaXw F¶nh AXn {][m\s¸«XmWv. CXn IqSpXÂ
kwLSnXhpw am\hcminbpsS ]ptcmKXn¡v Gähpw IqSpXÂ
XSkap­m¡p¶Xpw a[y]uckvXy tZis¯ skanänIv P\hn
`mK§fpsSbnSbn DZv`hn¨ bqZaXw, {InkvXpaXw, CÉmwaXw
F¶nhbmWv. ]ckv]cw t]mcmSp¶ps­¦nepw skanänIv ]mc
¼cyw Cu aq¶p Iq«cpw AhImis¸Sp¶p.
P\kwJybpsS ASnØm\¯n t\m¡nbm H¶mwØm\w
{InkvXpaX¯n\pw c­mwØm\w CÉmwaX¯n\pw BWv. Cu
c­p aX§fpw X½n temIt\XrXz¯n\pth­n \S¯nb
bp²§fpw Hgp¡nb cà¸pgIfpw Ncn{X¯n tcJs¸Sp¯s¸
«n«p­v. tdma³þ{Ko¡p kwkvImc§sf {InkvXpaXw XIÀ¯p.
AÊndnb, t]Àjy, CuPn]vXv XpS§nb \mKcnIXIsf CÉmwa
Xhpw \in¸n¨p. ]meskvXo\nse P\§sf B«ntbmSn¨v bqZ
aXw AhnsS cmjv{Sw Øm]n¡pIbpw temIkam[m\s¯ `oj
Wns¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXpsIm­ncn¡p¶p. Cu ]cnXØnXn
bn bqZaXw, {InkvXpaXw, CÉmwaXw F¶nhsb¸än IqSpXÂ
]Tn¡pIbpw Cu aq¶p aX§fpw temI¯n\p sNbvXpsIm­ncn
¡p¶ t{Zml§Ä Xpd¶pImWn¡pIbpw sNt¿­Xv Bhiy
amWv. {InkvXpaXw, bqZaXw F¶nhbpsS Ncn{Xt¯bpw Ah
cpsS aX{KÙ§tfbpw Xpd¶p ImWn¡p¶ \nch[n {KÙ§Ä
{]kn²oIcn¡s¸«n«p­v. bqtdm¸n B c­p aX§fptSbpw
cq£X Ipdbv¡m³ B hnaÀi\ {K٧ġp Ignªp. F
¶m CÉmw aX{KÙ§fnte¡v shfn¨w hoip¶ A[nIw

28
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
{KÙ§Ä D­mbn«nÃ. AhcpsS aX{KÙ§Ä A[nIhpw Ad
_n`mjbnembXpsIm­mWXv. hnaÀiI·mcpsS t\sc `ojWn
DbÀ¯p¶ kz`mhw Nne apÉo§Ä¡pÅXpsIm­v Fs´¦n
epw Ahsc¸änsbgpXm³ ]ecpw aSn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. bpàn
hmZnIÄ¡pw \mkvXnI·mÀ¡psam¶pw CÉmwaXs¯¸än hnaÀ
in¡ms\m¶pansöpw hnaÀi\§Ä¡v AXoXamb Hcp aXam
WsX¶pw ASp¯ Ime¯v tIcf¯nse Nne apÉow t\Xm¡
·mÀ FgpXpIbpw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXt¸mgmWv B aXs¯¸än
IqSpXÂ ]Tn¡Wsa¶p tXm¶nbXv. JpÀB\pw lZokpIfpam
Wv AhcpsS {][m\ aX{KÙ§Ä. AhbpsS Cw¥ojnepw ae
bmf¯nepapÅ XÀÖaIÄ Rm³ tiJcn¨p ]Tn¨t¸mÄ aäp
aX§tft¸mseXs¶ hfsc {]mIrXamWv CÉmwaXhpw F¶p
hyàambn. XpSÀ¶v CÉmw aXs¯¸än In«mhp¶ {KÙ§Ä
tiJcn¨p Rm³ ]T\w XpS§n. AXnsâ ^eamWv Cu {KÙw.
C³Uybn apÉo§Ä Hcp \yq\]£ kapZmbambXpsIm­v
AhÀ¡v kaql¯n Nne AhiXIfpw ]nt¶m¡\nebpw
DÅXpsIm­pw Ignbp¶{X Ahsc hnaÀin¡mXncn¡pI F¶
\ne]mSmbncp¶p F\n¡p­mbncp¶Xv. ]t£, ASp¯ Ime
¯mbn apÉow ^­saâenÌpIÄ ChnsS \S¯p¶ aX{]NcW
¯nsâ kz`mhw I­t¸mÄ AXv A]ISIcamb \o¡amsW¶p
hyàambn. \yq\]£ hÀKobX, `qc]£¯nsâ hÀKobX
t]mse Xs¶ A]ISIcamWv. B A]ISw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\pÅ
GI amÀKw B aX¯nsâ DÅpIÅnIÄ Xpd¶p ImWn¡pI
bmWv. A§s\ sNbvsX¦n am{Xta aXclnXamb Hcp kapZm
bs¯ hmÀs¯Sp¡m³ IgnbpIbpÅq. Hcp bpànhmZnbmb
Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Hcp {]tXyI aXt¯mSpw B`nap
JyanÃ. aX§fnÃm¯ Hcp kaqlw D­mtI­Xv BhiyamsW
¶p Rm³ IcpXp¶p. CÉmwaX¯n AÔambn hnizkn¡p¶
IptdbmfpIfpsSsb¦nepw I®p Xpd¸n¡m³ Cu ]pkvXIw
klmbIamsb¦n Rm³ kwXr]vX\mWv.
Cu {KÙcN\bn {][m\ambn D]tbmKn¨n«pÅ d^d³kv
{KÙ§fpsS Hcp ]«nI Ahkm\w sImSp¯n«p­v. D²cWnIÄ

29
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
s¡Ãmw AXmXv A²ymb¯nÂXs¶ d^d³kpw sImSp¯ncn
¡p¶p. JpÀB³, lZokpIÄ F¶nhbn \n¶pÅ D²cWnIÄ
A[nIw kn.F³. Al½Zp auehnbpsS XÀÖabn \n¶mWv
FSp¯n«pÅXv. tIcf¯nse kp¶nIfpw apPmlnZpIfpw Al
½Zv auehnbpsS JpÀB³ AwKoIcn¡p¶nà F¶dnbm¯Xp
sIm­Ã AXn \n¶pw D²cWnIÄ kzoIcn¨Xv. XmcXtay\
`mj sa¨amsW¶pÅXpw km[mcW¡mÀ¡v e`yamb hnhÀ
¯\{KÙw AXmsW¶pÅXpw am{XamWv AXn\p ImcWw.
JpÀB\n \n¶pw lZokpIfn \n¶pw D²cn¨n«pÅ hmNI
§fnepÅ Nne Npcp¡£c§Ä apÉow aX{KÙ§fpambn ]cnN
banÃm¯hÀ¡v Akm[mcWambnt¯m¶mw. apl½Zp\_n
(k), Xncpta\n (k) Bbnjm (d) XpS§nbhbmWh. GsX¦n
epw {][m\s¸« hyànIfpsS t]scm, Ahsc kv]Àin¡p¶
kÀÆ \matam D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ C§s\ k, d, A Fs¶ms¡
{_m¡än ImWpw. AhbpsS AÀ°w Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.
1. (k) Ft¶m (k, A) Ft¶m ImWp¶Xv apl½Zp\_n
bpsS t]cnt\mSpIqSn tNÀ¡p¶p.
kÃÃmlp Asseln hkÃw F¶mWv AXnsâ ]qÀWcq]w.
AÃmlp At±l¯nsâ t]cn A\p{Klhpw kmam[m\hpw
im´nbpw \ÂIs« F¶mWÀ°w.
2. (A) Asse lnÊemw F¶Xnsâ Npcp¡amWv. At±l¯n
sâta kam[m\c£ D­mIs« F¶mWv CXnsâ kmcw.
3. (d) CXp c­p L«§fn D]tbmKn¡pw. apl½Znsâ k
l{]hÀ¯Isc (klm_nIÄ)¸än ]dbpt¼mÄ “dfznbÃmlp
A³lp” F¶mWv tNÀ¡p¶Xv.
“AÅmlp At±ls¯¡pdn¨v Xr]vXns¸Ss«”F¶mWXn
sâ AÀ°w. klm_nIfÃm¯ aX{]amWnIfpsS t]cnsâ Ah
km\¯n ‘(d)’ F¶p tNÀ¡pt¼mÄ ‘dlnalpÃmlp’ F¶
{]mÀ°\bmWv ]dbp¶Xv. “AÃmlp At±l¯n\p IcpW
sN¿s«” F¶v.
CXpt]mse Xs¶ JpÀB³ hmIy§Ä sImSp¡pt¼mÄ,
2:138, 10:25 Fs¶ms¡bmhpw d^d³kv \evIp¶Xv. CXn BZy

30
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
t¯Xnsâ AÀ°w JpÀB³ c­mw A[ymbw 138þmw Bb¯v
(hmIyw) F¶mWv. c­mat¯Xv 10þmw A[ymbw 25þmw hmIyam
sW¶pw a\Ênem¡pI. lZokpIÄ XpSÀ¨bmb \¼dpIÄ C«p
sImSp¯ncn¡p¶XpsIm­v B \¼À Xs¶ d^d³kn sImSp
¯n«p­v. ]pkvXI§fpsS Hmtcm ]Xn¸pIÄ¡pw t]Pv hyXykvX
ambn hcp¶XpsIm­mWv JpÀB³ hN\§fpsSbpw lZokpI
sfbpw \¼À \ÂInbncn¡p¶Xv. hyXykvX ]Xn¸pIÄ ]cntim
[n¡p¶hÀ¡v At¸mÄ _p²nap«p hcnIbnÃ.
Cu {KÙcN\bv¡mhiyamb Nne ]pkvXI§Ä tiJcn¨p
XcnIbpw th­ \nÀt±i§Ä \ÂIpIbpw sNbvX Fsâ Hcp
am\y kplr¯ns\¡qSn kvacn¡msX Cu Ipdn¸v Ahkm\n¸n
¡p¶Xv icnbÃ. Ad_n ]ÞnX\pw bpànhmZnbpamb sI.sI.
A_vZpÄ Aen auehn BWv AXv. ]e Ad_n hmIy§fptSbpw
AÀ°w Cw¥ojv þ aebmfw ]cn`mjIfpambn H¯pt\m¡n
]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\v At±lw sNbvXpX¶ klmbw hfsc
hnes¸«XmWv.
apÉo§fpw AapÉo§fpamb aebmfnIÄ Cu {KÙs¯
klÀjw kzmKXw sN¿psa¶v Rm³ IcpXp¶p.

CSadpIv
\yqsUÂln,
30þ6þ1982

31
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

1
Atd_y: `qanimkv{Xhpw Ncn{Xhpw
sX¡p]Snªmsd GjybnÂ, ]Snªmdv sN¦Sepw Ing¡v t]À
jy³ DÄ¡Sepw sX¡v Ad_n¡Sepw AXncp Xncn¡p¶ Hcp
hnkvXrXamb D]`qJÞamWv Atd_y. hS¡v tPmÀZm\pw Cdm
¡pw ØnXnsN¿p¶p. Cu D]`qJÞ¯nsâ IqSnb \ofw 2410
Intemaoädpw IqSnb hoXn 1930 IntemaoädpamWv. BsI hnkv
Xo˨w: 29,78,000 N.In.ao.
kuDZn Atd_y, sba\n dn¸»n¡v, P\Iob P\mb¯ sSa\n
dn¸»n¡v, Ham³, bp.F.C, J¯À, _lvdbn³, Ipsshbväv F¶o
cmjv{S§Ä Atd_y³ D]`qJÞ¯n s]Sp¶p. F®¸Ww
sIm­v k¼¶amb cmjv{S§fmWv ChsbÃmw. AXpsIm­p
Xs¶ temIkm¼¯nI cwK¯v Atd_ybv¡v C¶v DbÀ¶
Øm\ap­v. F¦nepw kmwkvImcnIambn hfsc ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ
¡p¶hbmWv Cu cmPy§Ä F¶pÅXv Hcp bmYmÀ°yamWv.
Atd_ybpsS GXm­v ap¡m `mKhpw DW§n hc­ acp{]
tZi§fmWv. AXpsIm­mWv ‘hc­ tZiw’ F¶v AÀ°apÅ
Atd_y F¶v B {]tZi¯n\p t]cp h¶Xv. ]Snªmdp`mK¯v
hfsc hoXnIpdª Hcp Xoc{]tZiap­v. AXn\p Ing¡v, sX¡p
hS¡v \o­p InS¡p¶ Hcp ]ÀÆX{]tZiamWv. AXn AknÀ
ae\ncIÄ¡v 2800 aoäÀhsc Dbcw hcpw. sba\nse Nne ae
IÄ¡v 3000 aoäÀ hsc Dbcap­v. Cu ]ÀÆX{]tZi¯n\p Ing
¡pÅ a[y Atd_y an¡hmdpw acp`qanbmWv. ]gb Aán]ÀÆ
X§fpsS AhinjvS§Ä AhnsS ImWmw. D]`qJÞ¯nsâ
Gähpw Ing¡p`mKw DudÂ{]tZi§fmWv . AhnsSbmWv
F®¸mS§Ä ØnXnsN¿p¶Xv . AÂXpss_Jv ]ÀÆXw

32
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
tPmÀZms\bpw Atd_ytbbpw thÀXncn¡p¶p. CXn\p sXm«p
sX¡mWv P_Â ^½mÀ aeIÄ. Ahbv¡pw sN¦Sen\panSbnÂ
kmam\yw hnkvXrXamb kaXeap­v. a[y]qÀÆ Atd_ybnse
sX¡³ Atd_ybnepw [mcmfw kaXe{]tZi§Ä ImWmw.
d^qZv, dq_ÂJmen F¶o t]cpIfn Adnbs¸Sp¶ h³acp`qan
Ifpw Cu D]`qJÞ¯n ØnXnsN¿p¶p.
]Snªmsd Xoc¯v sN¦SenepÅ Hcp {][m\ XpdapJamWv
Pn±. Atd_y³ D]`qJÞ¯nsâ ]Snªmdp sN¦SenepÅ
^mÀkn³ aW¯«pw temI{]kn²amWv. \nch[n sNdnb
Zzo]pIfpw ]hng¸päpIfpw AXn D­v. sX¡pÅ sba³, ]oT
`qanIfpw aeIfpw Xmgvhmc§fpw \ndª {]tZiamWv.
\ZnIsf¶v ]dbmhp¶ H¶pwXs¶ Atd_ybnenÃ. sImÃ
¯n GXm\pw amk§fn am{Xw PeapÅ Nne \ZnIÄ sba³
`mK¯p­v. kuDZn Atd_ybn AkoÀ ae{¼tZi§fnÂ
IptdtÈ ag In«p¶p. _m¡n `mK§fn hÀj¯n Ht¶m
ct­m ag In«nsb¦nembn. `qKÀ` DdhpIÄ¡p kao]apÅ acp¸
¨IfnemWv ]«W§fpw {Kma§fpw hfÀ¶ph¶n«pÅXv. D¯c
Atd_ybnse icmicn ag 76.2 anÃn aoädmWv. th\¡me¯v
Cu `mK§fn 54 skânt{KUphsc NqSp hÀ²n¡pw. Unkw_À
apX amÀ¨phscbpÅ ioXImew A{X ITn\aÃ. ]t£, ae
{¼tZi§fn lna]mXw D­mhpI A¡me¯v Akm[mcW
aÃ.
Cu´¸\bmWv Atd_ybnse Gähpw {][m\Irjn. ae{¼
tZi§fnepw Xoc{]tZi§fnepw ISp¯ acp`qanIfnepaÃm¯
FÃm Øe§fnepw AXp hfcp¶p. CXnsâ ]gamWv Ad_nI
fpsS apJy Blmcw. Ddpam¼gw, am§m, PqPqs_, X®na¯³,
A¯n¸gw, ap´ncn, hmg¸gw, \mc§m, _Zmw XpS§nbhbpw
an¡ acp¸¨Ifpw e`n¡p¶p. ]eXcw ]q¡fpw AhnsS hfcp¶p
­v. Ipän¡mSpIbpw apÄs¨SnIfpw SÀWmdnkvIv achpw BWv
Atd_ybnse§pw ImWp¶ aäpNneXv. {Sq^n F¶dnbs¸Sp¶
HcpXcw Ing§pIfpw ]e Øe¯pw e`n¡p¶p. D¯c sba\nÂ
Im¸nbmWv {][m\ Irjn. C³Uybnte¡v Im¸n¡pcp sIm­p

33
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hcp¶Xv AhnsS\n¶msW¶pÅXpw kvacWobamWv. _mÀen,
tKmX¼v, FÅv, tNmfw, ]cp¯n F¶nh sba\n hfcp¶p.
Atd_ybnse Gähpw ^e`qbnjvSamb {]tZiamWv sba³.
H«IamWv Atd_ybnse Gähpw {][m\ arKw. B D]`qJÞ
¯nsâ k¼ZvhyhØbn ASp¯ Imewhsc Ahbv¡v hfsc
{]m[m\yap­mbncp¶p. hc­ acp`qanbnse bm{Xbv¡pw amwkw,
]mÂ, XpIÂ, F¶nhbv¡pw Ad_nIÄ H«Is¯ B{ibn¨n
cp¶p. sN½cnbmSv, tImemSv F¶nhbmWv aäp hfÀ¯parK§Ä.
]ip hfÀ¯Â XmcXtay\ IpdhmWv. am³, Ipdp¡³, sF_Ivk,v
sN¶mb XpS§nbh hnP\ {]tZi§fn hfcp¶p. hnjw IqSp
XepÅ ]m¼pIfpw ]eXcw ]ÃnIfpw IgpI³, ]cp´v, aq§m
XpS§nb ]£nIfpw AhnsSbp­v. sh«pInfnIÄ ]et¸mgpw
Irjn \in¸n¡p¶p.
PeZuÀe`yhpw hc­ ImemhØbpw sIm­v AXn]pcmX\
Imew apXÂXs¶ Ad_nIÄ Irjntb¡mtfsd arK§sf hfÀ
¯p¶Xnepw, hmWnPyhpw hym]mchpw \S¯p¶XnepamWv {i²n
¨ncp¶Xv. Ccp]Xmw \qäm­phsc Ad_nIfn Hcp henb hn`m
Kw \mtSmSnPohnXw \bn¨ncp¶p. F®bpev]mZ\w hcp¯n sh¨
km¼¯nIamäw AhcpsS \mtSmSn PohnXw Ahkm\n¸n¨p.
Ct¸mÄ Atd_y³ cmjv{S§fn AhnShnsS DbÀ¶phcp¶
\Kc§Ä FÃm B[p\nI kuIcy§fpw DÅhbmWv.
skanänIv F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ hn`mK¯nÂs]«hcmWv Ad_n
IÄ F¶v s]mXpth ]dbmw. ]pcmX\ bqZ·mÀ, AÊndnb¡mÀ,
^n\ojyÀ, ImÀt¯PpImÀ F¶nhscms¡ AXnÂs]Spw. skan
änIv `mjIfnsem¶mb Ad_n¡mWv Atd_ybnse kwkmc
`mj. aäp P\hn`mK§fpambn hnhml_Ô¯nteÀs¸«v k¦c
hÀKambn Xocm³ Ad_nIÄ¡v Hcp aSnbpanÃ. sN¦SÂ Xoc¯v
\ot{KmIfpambpw hS¡pIng¡³ {]tZi§fn Cdm\nIfp
ambpw AhÀ hfsctbsd k¦cs¸«n«p­v.
Ncn{Xw
apl½Zp\_nbpsS Ime¯n\pap¼v shdpw \mtSmSnhÀK§Ä
Xmakn¨ncp¶ Hcp {]tZiambncp¶p Atd_ysb¶pw temINcn

34
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
{X¯n B {]tZi¯n\p henb Øm\sam¶pw D­mbncp¶n
söpamWv ]ecptSbpw [mcW. AXpicnbÃ, ]pcmhkvXpKth
jWw A[nIw \S¶n«nsænepw In«nbnSt¯mfw hnhc§fnÂ
\n¶v ]pcmX\ inembpKw apXÂXs¶ P\hmkapÅ Hcp {]tZ
iambncp¶p CsX¶v hyàamIp¶p­v. BZyIme¯v C¶t¯
Xp t]mse hc­ {]tZiambncp¶nà Atd_ysb¶v IcpXm\pw
sXfnhpIfp­v. ap¸Xn\mbncw hÀj§Ä¡pap¼v C¶s¯
ehW acp¸c¸pIfn ]eXpw XSmI§fmbncp¶p. AhbpsS
Xoc§fn \n¶v inembpKa\pjysâ D]IcW§Ä I­pIn«n
bn«p­v. Ingt¡ Atd_ybnse P\§Ä saks]mt¯anb³
\mKcnIXbpambn _Ôs¸«ncp¶p. A¿mbncw hÀj§Ä¡p
ap¼v ]Ýna Atd_ybn P\hmktI{µ§Ä DbÀ¶phcm³
XpS§n. sX¡p`mK¯pÅ sba³ {]tZi¯v aqhmbncw hÀj
§Ä¡p ap¼v Hcp \mKcnIX hnImkw {]m]n¨p. ]S¡p]Snªm
sd Atd_ybnse JpdbXv C¡me¯n\p ap¼pXs¶ Hcp kwkv
Imc tI{µambn¯oÀ¶ncp¶p. saKm³ F¶ XeØm\t¯mSp
IqSn sX¡p]Snªmsd Atd_ybn 4500 hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼v
\ne\n¶ncp¶ Hcp cmPys¯¸än _m_ntemWnb³ inemtcJ
Ifn ]dbp¶p­v. ]t£, B \Kcw FhnsSbmbncp¶p F¶v
Ct¸mÄ hyàaÃ. aW¡p¶pIÄ¡nSbn AXv aqSs¸«p InS
¡pIbmWv.
Adnbs¸Sp¶ Ncn{XIme¯v Atd_y s]mXpsh \mep taJ
eIfmbn Xncnªncp¶p. Z£nW Atd_y, a[y Atd_y, ]qÀÆ
Atd_y, D¯c Atd_y F¶n§s\ Ahsb \ap¡v thÀXncn
¡mw. Cu Hmtcm taJebnepw cmPhwi§Ä DZn¡pIbpw AkvX
an¡pIbpw sNbvXpsIm­ncp¶p.
Z£nW Atd_y: C¶s¯ ba³ dn¸»n¡pIfpw Ham\pw
DÄs¸Sp¶ {]tZiamWv Z£nW Atd_y. AXn ]Snªmsd
`mKw (Ct¸mgs¯ ba³) Atd_ybpsS Ncn{X¯nsâ FÃm¡m
e¯pw ^ek¼pjvSamb {]tZiambncp¶p. AXn]pcmX\Ime
¯p Xs¶ PetkN\kuIcy§Ä ChnsS GÀs¸Sp¯s¸«p.
AhnsS \nehnencp¶ \mKcnIXsb¸än a\knem¡p¶Xn\v

35
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
D]bpàamb [mcmfw enJnX§fpw ]pcmhkvXp¡fpw {]mNo\
KplIfn \n¶pw aäpw In«nbn«p­v. {Ko¡v, emän³ XpS§nb
bqtdm]y³ `mjIfnepw Ad_nIv UbeIvSpIfnepapÅ enJnX
§fmWh. bqtdm]y³ cmPy§fpw, C³Uy, B{^n¡ XpS§nb
{]tZi§fpambn B {]tZi¯n\p hym]mc_Ôap­mbncp¶p
F¶v Ah sXfnbn¨p. ambnÂ, km_m, I«m_m³, lZvcahvXv
F¶n§s\ \mep cmPy§fpw Z£nW Atd_ybnep­mbn
cp¶p. Ipd\mhv (Quiranaw) Bbncp¶p ambnensâ XeØm\w.
JnÀ`mjv abn³ F¶v Ct¸mÄ Adnbs¸Sp¶ ØeamWXv .
bm¯n (Ct¸mÄ {_mIzn¸v) Bbncp¶p B cmPys¯ asämcp
]«Ww. Ct¸mgs¯ ba³ A¶v km_m F¶dnbs¸«ncp¶p.
ss__nfn ti_mcmPyw F¶v CtX¸än ]dbp¶p­v. AhnSp
s¯ cmÚn bqZ·mcpsS cmPmhmb tkmfas\ (kpsseam³)
sN¶p I­ IY ]gb\nba ss__nfn hnhcn¡p¶p. amcn
_n AhÀ ]pcmX\Ime¯v Hcp AWsI«n, agshÅhpw hÀj
Ime\ZoPehpw XSªp \ndp¯n Irjn¡p]tbmKn¨ncp¶p. B
AWs¡«nsâ AhinjvS§Ä C¶pw ImWmw. cmPmhns\t¸m
epw \nb{´n¨ncp¶Xv ‘ap¡mdn_v’ F¶dnbs¸«ncp¶ ]ptcm
lnX {]amWnbmWv. Nne kab§fn Cu ]ptcmlnX·msc
\nebv¡p \ndp¯m³ Nne cmPm¡·mÀ¡v Ignªncp¶p. _lm³
F¶v C¶dnbs¸Sp¶ Øe¯mbncp¶p I«m_m³ cmPyw. Xn·
(Ct¸mgs¯ lPmÀ Ilvem³) Bbncp¶p I«m_msâ XeØm
\ \Kcw. hym]mcambncp¶p ChnSp¯pImcpsS {][m\ hcpam\
amÀKw. Z£nW Atd_ybpsS Ing¡³ {]tZi§fnepÅ cmPy
ambncp¶p ^ZvcahvXv.
CuPn]vXpImÀ¡pw B{^n¡¡mÀ¡pw aXIÀ½§Ä¡mhiy
amb Ip´ncn¡w h³tXmXn Z£nW Atd_y³ cmPy§Ä
At§m«p Ibän Ab¨ncp¶p. alvdm, tZm^mÀ F¶o Øe§
fn Ah IrjnsN¿s¸«ncp¶p. C³Uybn \n¶pw Ingt¡
B{^n¡bn \n¶papÅ Dev]¶§Ä ChnsS sIm­ph¶n«v
hSt¡m«p Ibän Ab¨ncp¶p. kn.C. H¶mw iXI¯n ln¸m
epkv F¶ IS¡mäv I­p]nSn¡s¸«p. B Imänsâ KXn¡\p

36
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
kcn¨v I¸epIÄ¡v Ffp¸¯n C³Uybnte¡p hcm\pw Xncn
¨v Atd_ybnte¡p t]mIm\pw Ignbpsa¶p I­p]nSn¨Xv A
¡mes¯ hym]mcw A`nhr²ns¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v hfsc klmb
Icambn¯oÀ¶p. ]t£, tdmamkm{amPy¯nsâ `mKambncp¶
CuPn ]vXpw C´ybpw X½n t\cn«p hym]mcw Bcw`n¡phm\pw
CSbm¡n. CXv Z£nW Atd_ysb Ipsdtbsd {]XnIqeambn
_m[n¨p. tdmam¡mcpambn Nne bp²§fnepw C¡me¯v AhÀ
GÀs¸tS­nh¶p. D¯c B{^n¡bn \n¶pÅ B{IaW§
fpw BZyiXI§fn Z£nW Atd_ybv¡v t\cntS­nh¶n«p
­v. kn.C. aq¶mw iXI¯n bmknÀ bplm\nw Z£nW Atd
_ybn kpiàamb Hcp cmjv{Sw Øm]n¨p. ap¼p­mbncp¶
sNdpInS cmPy§fpsS Øm\¯v Hcp km{amPyw \nehn h¶p.
B \qäm­nsâ Ahkm\Ime¯p­mb t]Àjy³ B{IaW
amWv Cu km{amPys¯ XIÀ¯Xv. AtXmSpIqSn tI{µoIrX
amb `cWw Z£nW Atd_ybn CÃmXmbn. tKm{X§fnÂ
]eXpw kzmX{´yw t\Sn. C¯cw Hmtcm tKm{X¯n\pw {]tXy
Iw ssZh§fpw tZhXIfpw D­mbncp¶p. CXn AaoÀ F¶
tKm{X¡mÀ þ kamhn (kzÀK\mY³) F¶ GIssZh¯n hn
izkn¨ncp¶p. Cu tKm{X¯nsâ hnizmkt¯mSv apl½Zp
\_n¡v Fs´¦nepw IS¸mSp­mbncpt¶m F¶dnhnÃ. GXm­v
\memw iXIt¯mSp IqSn Ing¡³ tdmam km{amPy¯n \n¶v
{InkvXy³ anjWdnamÀ Z£nW Atd_ybnse¯n. AhÀ ]e
tKm{XhÀK¡mscbpw {InkvXpaX¯n tNÀ¯p. bqZ·mcpw Cu
Ime¯v ChnsS aX{]NcWw \S¯nbncp¶p. Cu c­p aXhn`m
K§Ä X½nepÅ Bibkacw Ggmw \qäm­phsc Z£nW
Atd_ybn \ne\n¶p.
a[y Atd_ybpw D¯c Atd_ybpw: bYmÀ°¯n C¶
dnbs¸Sp¶ Ad_n kwkvImc¯nsâ DdhnSw a[y Atd_ybpw
D¯c Atd_ybpamsW¶v ]dbmw. Ing¡v AÊndnbbpw ]Sn
ªmdv CuPn]vXpambn Cu {]tZis¯ Ad_nIÄ hym]mc_
Ôw ]peÀ¯nt¸m¶p. hSt¡ slPmkn Xmakn¨ncp¶ XmapZv
hÀK¡msc¸än AÊndnb³ tcJIfnepw Jpdm\nepw ]dbp¶p.

37
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
enlymss\äpIfmWv asämcp D¯c Atd_y³ tKm{Xw. sZZm³
tI{µam¡nbmWv AhÀ `cWw \S¯nbncp¶Xv. emJv, ssaUp
hwi¡mÀ \memw iXI¯n D¯c Atd_ybpsS H«pan¡
`mK§fpw Iogvs¸Sp¯n. AhcpsS Hcp cmPmhv Atd_ybpsS
apgph³ N{IhÀ¯nbmsW¶v \memw iXI¯n AhImi
s¸«p. Ad_nIv `mjbpsS hnImk¯n\pw Cu cmPyw henb
]¦p hln¨n«p­v. AcambnIv, kpdnbm\n F¶o `mjIfn \n¶v
Ad_nIv kzmX{´yw t\SnbXpw C¡me¯msW¶v Ncn{XImc
·mÀ ]dbp¶p. at\mlcamb Atd_y³ Km\kmlnXyw C¡me
¯mWv cq]w sIm­Xv. ]t£, kpiàamb t]Àjym km{amPy
¯nsâ B{IaW¯n\p ap¼n Cu cmPyw XIÀ¶qhoWp. t]À
jybpw tdmapw X½n Gäpap«epIÄ Bcw`n¨XpsIm­v AhÀ¡v
]nSn¨S¡nb {]tZi§fn A[nImcw \ne\nÀ¯m³ IgnbmsX
t]mbn. sNdnb sNdnb tKm{XcmPy§Ä B Øm\¯v DbÀ¶p
h¶p.
sa¡bn A©mw iXI¯n A[nImc¯n h¶ C_v³
Inem_v BWv AhnsS Ipssdjn tKm{X¯nsâ `cWw Øm]n
¨Xv. AhnsSbp­mbncp¶ I A_mbv¡v IqSpXÂ {]m[m\yw
e`n¨p. hS¡pÅ bm{kn_pw (aZo\) sX¡pÅ tKm{X§fpw X
½n sa¡¡mÀ kÔnbp­m¡n., Z£nW Atd_ybn \n¶pw
sa¡, aZo\ hgn¡v hSt¡m«v ]t­ D­mbncp¶ hym]mcamÀKw
C¡me¯v A`nhr²ns¸«p. AXpsIm­v at¡mdm_ (a¡)bpw
aZo\bpw k¼Õar²§fmbn. a¡bnse ]pcmX\ tZhmeb
¯n hym]mcn kwL§fpw XoÀ°bm{X¡mcpw [mcmfambn
hgn]mSpIÄ \ÂIn. B t£{X¯nsâ `cWw \S¯nbncp¶
IpssdjnIfpsS A`nhr²nbv¡pw AXp klmbn¨p. C¯cw Hcp
kmlNcy¯nemWv Ggmw iXI¯n apl½Zp\_n P\n¡p
¶Xv.

38
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

2
Atd_ybnse arXaX§Ä
CÉmwaX¯nsâ BhnÀ`mh¯n\p ap¼v _lpssZhhnizmkn
Ifpw hn{Klmcm[\¡mcpamWv AhnsSbp­mbncp¶sX¶p
apÉow Ncn{XImc·mÀ km[mcW ]dbmdp­v. Ahscms¡
hfsc {]mIrX·mcmbncp¶p F¶pw CÉmwaXamWv Ahsc
]cnjv¡mc¯nte¡v \bn¨sX¶pamWv AhImihmZw. CXv
hfsc AXnitbmàn IeÀ¶ Hcp s]mXp{]kvXmh\tbm apl
½Zns\ DbÀ¯n¡mWn¡m\pÅ {iatam BWv. GIssZh
hnizmkw apl½Znsâ kw`mh\sbm¶paÃ. Atd_ybn Xs¶
AaoÀ tKm{X¡mÀ Hcp ssZhta DÅq F¶p hnizkn¡pIbpw
B GIssZhs¯ Bcm[n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. apl½Znsâ
Ime¯n\v Bbncw hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼v bqZ·mÀ GIssZhhn
izmkw AwKoIcn¨p Ignªncp¶p. Chtc¡msfms¡ apt¼,
Hcp]t£, Ncn{X¯n BZyambn GIssZhhnizmkw {]Ncn
¸n¨Xv CuPn]vXnse ^dthm Bbncp¶ AJv\mt¯m¬ (_n.kn.
C. 1367þ1350) BWv. blqZ·mÀ AhcpsS GIssZh¯ns\ ‘b
tlmh’sb¶pw AJv\mt¯m¬ At±l¯nsâ GIssZhs¯
Bsäm¬ (Aton) F¶pw apl½Zv At±l¯nsâ GIssZhs¯
AÃmlp F¶pw hnfn¨p. ]t£, Cu ssZh§sfms¡ BZyIme
¯v CXc ssZh§tfmsSm¸w Bcm[n¡s¸«ncp¶h Xs¶bmWv.
Bsäm¬ kqcytZh\pw btlmh Hcp BImitZhXbpambncp
¶Xpt]mse IpssdjnIÄ DĸsSbpÅ Nne Atd_y³
tKm{X§fpsS {][m\ ssZhambncp¶p AÃmlp. Cu ssZhs¯
GI\pw kÀÆià\pambn {]Jym]n¨XpsIm­v Atd_ybnÂ
\ne\n¶ncp¶ aäp ssZh§sfÃmw hnkvacn¡s¸«p t]mbn.

39
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
apl½Znt\bpw At±l¯nsâ ssZhamb AÃmlphnt\bpw
a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\v Ggmw iXI¯n\p ap¼v AhnsSbp­mbncp
¶ aX§tfbpw ssZh§tfbpw ]än Adnªncnt¡­Xv Bh
iyamWv.
P·\mSmb ]mekvXo\n \n¶p ]pd´Ås¸« bqZ·mÀ B
dmw iXI¯n Atd_ybpsS ]e `mK§fnepw h¶p Xmak
apd¸n¨ncp¶p. Ad_n tKm{X§fpsSbnSbn aX{]NcWw \S
¯pIbpw BfpIsf aX¯n tNÀ¡pIbpw sN¿m³ AhÀ aSn¨n
cp¶nÃ. {InkvXpaXhpw Atd_ybn [mcmfw {]Ncn¡s¸«n
cp¶p. Ing¡³ tdmamkm{amPy¯nse N{IhÀ¯namcpsS ]cnem
f\bn hfÀ¶ {InkvXpaXw AXn\Is¯ hyXykvX Nn´mK
Xn¡mÀs¡Xncmbn \S]SnsbSp¯p. tdmamkm{amPyw AwKoIm
cw \ÂInb HutZymKnI {InkvXpaX¯nse Bib§fpambn
s]mcp¯s¸Sm³ Ignbm¯ {InkvXy³ {Kq¸pIÄ km{amPy¯n\p
]pd¯pÅ Atd_ybnepw _m_ntemWnepw aäpw h¶p ]mÀ¯n
cp¶p. AhcpsSsbms¡ {]tXyI Nn´mKXnIÄ¡\pkrXambn
cq]wsIm­ncp¶ s\kvtXmdnb³ aXw, am\nt¡baXw, bmt¡m
_mbk`, IÂZmb kpdnbm\nk` XpS§nbh AhnsS sNdnb
sNdnb {Kq¸pIfmbn \ne\n¡pIbpw aX{]NcWw \S¯pI
bpw sNbvXph¶p. ChtbmsSms¡ H¸w {]mNo\ Atd_y³
aX k¦ev]§fpw t£{X§fpw \ne\n¶ncp¶p. P\§fnÂ
_lp`qcn]£hpw B {]mNo\ hnizmk§fmWv ]peÀ¯nt¸m
¶Xv. Fs´ms¡bmbncp¶p AhcpsS aXk¦Â]§Ä? GsXm
s¡ tZhotZh·msc AhÀ ]qPn¨ncp¶p? CsXms¡ Adnbp¶
Xn\p th­n Cu \qäm­n hfsctbsd At\zjW§Ä \S¶n
«p­v. Jpdm³, lZokpIÄ XpS§nbhbn \n¶p In«p¶ sNdnb
sXfnhpIÄ am{XaÃ, AhÀ ]cntim[\mhnt[bam¡nbXv. Ad
_nIv \mtSmSn¸m«pIÄ DĸsSbpÅ kmlnXyIrXnIÄ hmbn
¨p t\m¡pI, DÂJ\\ KthjW§Ä \S¯n hn{Kl§fpw
aäpw I­p]nSn¡pI, ]pcmX\ t£{X§fnepw aäpapÅ inemen
JnX§Ä ]cntim[n¡pI F¶n§s\ ]e hgnIfneqsS AhÀ
{iaw XpSÀ¶p. AXnsâ ^eambn Atd_ybnep­mbncp¶ \nc

40
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
h[n ssZh§tf¸änbpÅ hnhc§Ä ]pd¯ph¶n«p­v. Ahsb
¸änbpÅ hnhc§ÄNpcp¡n Xmsg sImSp¡mw:
AÂa\m¯v: acW¯nsâbpw hn[nbpsSbpw tZhXsb¶
\nebn Atd_ybnse§pw Xs¶ Bcm[n¡s¸«ncp¶ Hcp
tZhXbmWnXv. a¡bn \n¶pw aZo\bnte¡pÅ hgnbn IpZm
bnZv F¶ Øe¯p­mbncp¶ Hcp Idp¯ IÃpw AXnt\mS\p
_Ôn¨pÅ t£{Xhpambncp¶p AÂa\m¯v Bcm[\bpsS
{][m\ tI{µw. Ahvkv, lkvdPv, XpS§nb tKm{XhÀK§Ä
AÂa\m¯ns\ AhcpsS {][m\ tZhXbmbn IcpXnh¶p. AÂ
em¯v, AÂDÊ F¶o tZhXItfmsSm¸w a¡bnepw AÂa\m
¯nsâ hn{Klw {]XnjvTn¨ncp¶p. Cu aq¶p tZhXIfpw AÅm
bpsS s]¬a¡fmsW¶mWv _lpssZhmcm[\¡mÀ IcpXnbn
cp¶Xv. Cu hnizmks¯ Jpdm\n apl½Zv hnaÀin¡p¶p­v.
AÂDÊm tZhnbpsS c­p a¡fmWv AÂa\m¯pw AÂem¯pw
F¶v A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶hcpw D­v. \_m¯nb³ enJnX§fnepw
Cu tZhXsb¸än d^d³kp­v. lÖv XoÀ°m\St¯mS\p_
Ôn¨v \S¯s¸Sp¶ ‘Clvdmw’ F¶ aXNS§nsâ kab¯v
XoÀ°mSIÀ AhcpsS apSnapdn¨v Cu hn{Kl¯n\v AÀ¸n¡pam
bncp¶p. apl½Zv \_n a¡m\Kcw B{Ian¨p IogS¡nbXn\p
tijw At±l¯nsâ ]S¯eh³amcn Hcmfmb A_pkq^n
bm³ IZnbmZnse AÂa\m¯v t£{Xw sImÅbSn¡pIbpw
hn{Klw XIÀ¯p IfbpIbpw sNbvXp. AÂa\m¯ns\ Bcm
[n¡p¶Xv \nba hncp²hpam¡s¸«p.
AÂDÊ: iànbptSbpw A[nImc¯ntâbpw Cu tZhX
{]`mX\£{Xw Xs¶bmWv. a¡bn \n¶pw Xbn^nte¡pÅ
hgnbnembncp¶p AÂDÊbpsS t£{Xw ØnXnsNbvXncp¶Xv.
\mJve F¶ ^ek¼pjvSamb Hcp Xmgvhcbnembncp¶p AXn
sâ Øm\w. ChnsSbp­mbncp¶ aq¶p kaqdmac§fnemWv
tZhn BZyw {]Xy£s¸«sX¶mbncp¶p sFXnlyw. AXn\p
kao]¯pÅ Kplbnse ]oT¯nemWv _enIÀ½§Ä \S¯n
bncp¶Xv. s_Zqbn³ tKm{X§fn ]eXpw DÊsb Bcm[n¨n
cp¶p. Ipssdjn, Jpkm (Khuzaa), L³av (Ghanm), In\m\

41
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
(Kinana), _en (bali), XIn^v (Thakif) F¶o tKm{X§Ä Cu
tZhXsb bp²tZhXsb¶ \nebn ]qPn¨p. ]e Øe¯pw
DÊtbmsSm¸w AÂem¯pw AÂa\m¯pw {]XnjvTn¡s¸«n
cp¶p. Cdm¡nepw DÊm]qP {]Ncn¨ncp¶p. emJvssaUv cmPm
hmb \qam³ Hcp XÀ¡w XoÀ¡m³ AÂDÊbpsS klmbw
tXSnbXn\p sXfnhpIfp­v . C³Uybnse ImfnbpsS ]e
kz`mh§fpw Cu tZhok¦ev]¯n ImWmw. ap³[oÀ \mema³
cmPmhv Hchkc¯n 400 a\pjysc Cu tZhn¡v _en \ÂIn.
kzÀKcmÚn F¶pw AÂDÊ hnfn¡s¸«ncp¶p. ko\mbv
B{iaw B{Ian¨hÀ bphmhmb XntbmUptemkns\ Cu tZhn
¡p _en \ÂIm³ {ian¨p. Nne Øe§fn _m_ntemWnse
CkvXmÀ tZhnbpambpw DÊ Bcm[\ _Ôs¸«ncp¶phs{X.
NneÀ tI¡pIÄ D­m¡n Cu tZhn¡v kaÀ¸n¨p. a¡ ]nSn¨S
¡nbXn\ptijw \mJvebnse DÊm t£{Xw XIÀ¡m³ apl
½Zv JmenZns\ Ab¨p. AbmÄ t£{Xw sImÅbSn¡pIbpw
sI«nSw CSn¨p \nc¯pIbpw hn{Klw ASn¨ps]m«n¡pIbpw
sNbvXp. DÊbpsS ktlmZc³ AÊokv tZh\msW¶mWv hnizm
kw. ]n¡me¯v B t]cv AÅmbpsS Hcp ]cymbambn¯oÀ
¶p.
AÂþem¯v: Ad_nIfpsS ]pcmX\ tZho k¦ev]§fnÂ
H¶mbncp¶p AÂem¯v. AÂ CemlXv F¶ ]Zw tem]n¨mWv
Cu t]cp­mbsX¶v NneÀ ]dbp¶p. lhmjn³, C_v³ \njmw
XpS§nbhbmbncp¶p tKm{X§fpsS {][m\ Bcm[\maqÀ¯n
IÄ. Xmbv^n\Sp¯pÅ ‘hÖ’ F¶ Øe¯mbncp¶p Cu
tZhnbpsS {][m\ t£{Xw. sIm¯p]WnItfmSpIqSnb Hcp
shÅ¡Ãmbncp¶p {][m\ {]XnjvT. a¡ ]nSn¨S¡nbXn\p
tijamWv apÉow ssk\yw Cu t£{X¯n\p t\sc XncnªXv.
Ct¸mgpw B t£{X¯nsâ AhinjvS§Ä ImWmw. tcmKw
hcpt¼mÄ ]ecpw Ct¸mgpw clkyambn AÂþem¯n\v ]qPIÄ
AÀ¸n¡mdp­s{X.
lp_vÂ: a¡bn I A_bn³ {]XnjvTn¡s¸«ncp¶ hn{Kl
§fn {][m\Øm\w lp_ven\mbncp¶p. saks]mt¯anb

42
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
bn \n¶pw sIm­ph¶XmWnXv. Jpsska Fs¶mcmfmWv
Cu hn{Kls¯ AhnsS Øm]n¨Xv F¶mWv sFXnlyw. lp
_v hn{Kl¯nsâ ssIbv Hcn¡Â HSnªpt]mbn. Ipssdjn
IÄ At¸mÄ kzÀWwsIm­v ssIbv ]WnXpsh¨p. a¡m\Kcw
apl½Zv ]nSn¨S¡nb ZnhkwXs¶ Cu hn{Klhpw XIÀ¯p
Ifªp.
aäp ssZh§Ä
kqcy³, N{µ³, \£{X§Ä F¶nhsb tZhXIfmbn k¦ev]n¨v
Bcm[n¡p¶ ]Xnhv Atd_ybnse§pw {]Nmc¯nencp¶p.
lps¤ F¶ Øe¯v [mXv _Zm³ (Dhat Badan) F¶ t]cnem
Wv kqcys\ Bcm[n¨ncp¶Xv. c­mbnc¯ªqdp hÀj§Ä¡p
ap¼v Øm]nXamb lps¤ t£{Xw ]pcmX\ Atd_y³ inev]I
ebpsSbpw hmkvXphnZybptSbpw al¯mb amXrIbmbncp¶p.
CXpw CÉmwaX¯nsâ hnPbt¯msS CSn¨p \nc¯s¸SpIbm
Wp­mbXv. _n.kn.C. \memw iXI¯n lpsdbp[mbn \nÀ
½n¡s¸« N{µssZhamb knsâ t£{Xhpw CXpt]mseXs¶
apÉo§Ä \in¸n¨p IfbpIbmbncp¶p.
C§s\ ]e ssZh§sf Bcm[n¨psIm­ncp¶hcmWv Ad
_nIÄ. Cu ssZh§tf¡mÄ iànbpÅ Hcp ssZhambn, AÃm
lphnt\¸änbpÅ k¦ev]w c­mbnc¯ªqdp hÀjw ap¼p
apXÂ AhnsS \ne\n¶ncp¶p. sblqZ·mcpsS btlmhsbt¸m
se Hcp BImitZhXbmbncp¶p AÃmlpsh¶pw NneÀ¡v A`n
{]mbap­v. B tZhXsb Hcp kÀÆià\mb ssZham¡n hfÀ
¯pIbmWv apl½Zv sNbvXXv. AXn\pth­n aäp ssZh k¦Â]
§tfbpw AhbpsS t£{X§tfbpw At±lw XIÀ¯p.

43
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

3
apl½Zv \_n
a¡bnse Ipssdjn tKm{X¯nemWv kn.C. 571 G{]n 20þ\v
apl½Zv P\n¨sX¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶p. Nne Ncn{XImc·mÀ Cu
kw`hw \S¶Xv Hcp hÀjw ap¼msW¶v ]dbp¶p­v. amXmhmb
Ban\ apl½Zns\ KÀ`w [cn¨v A[nIw Ignbp¶Xn\p ap¼v
]nXmhv A_vZpÅm I¨hS¯n\pth­n kndnbbnte¡p t]mbn.
hgn¡psh¨v tcmK_m[nX\mbn At±lw acn¨p. apl½Zn\v Bdp
hbÊpÅt¸mÄ A½bpw A´cn¨p. ]n¶oSv ]nXmal\mb A
_vZp ap¯en_nsâ in£W¯n _me³ hfÀ¶p. Ipssdjn
¯ehsâ ]u{X\pw kpµc\pw anSp¡\pamb apl½Zns\ BfpI
sfÃmw CjvSs¸«ncp¶p. a¡bnse I A_mbv¡p kao]w A
_vZp ap¯en_n\v Ccn¡m³ Hcp hncn¸v C«psImSp¡p¶Xp
]Xnhmbncp¶p. _me\mb apl½Zv ap¯Ñt\msSm¸w AhnsS
t]mbncn¡pw. ]t£, CXv A[nI\mÄ XpSÀ¶nÃ. apl½Zn\v
F«p hbÊpÅt¸mÄ ap¯Ñ\pw acWaSªp. ]n¶oSv ]nXrk
tlmZc\mb A_pXmen_nsâ kwc£W¯nembn _me³.
I¨hS¡mc\mb A_pXmen_n\v Iptd H«I§fpw BSpIfpw
D­mbncp¶p. km[mcW Ad_n _me·msct¸mse Ahsb
t\m¡p¶ NpaXe apl½Zn h¶p tNÀ¶p. acp¸¨IÄ tXmdpw
B arK§fpambn k©cn¡pI apl½Zn\v IuXpIIcambncp¶p.
Atd_y³ {KmaoWPohnXhpambn ASp¯nS]gIm³ CXv At±
l¯n\v Ahkcw \ÂIn. Cu _meyIme PohnXs¯ A\pkva
cn¸n¡p¶ Hcp kw`hw ]n¡me¯p­mbn. apl½Zpw A\pbm
bnIfpw IqSn Hcp ae{]tZi¯pIqSn bm{X sN¿pt¼mÄ, A\pbm
bnIÄ Nne Im«psNSnIfpsS ImbvIÄ ]dn¨p Xn¶p. At¸mÄ

44
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
apl½Zv AhtcmSp]tZin¨p, B ImbvIfn \Ãt]mse Idp¯
]g¯n\mWv icn¡v cpNnbpÅsX¶v. Im«psNSnItf¸än C{Xbpw
Adnhv At±l¯n\p In«nbXv H«I§fpw BSpIfpambn \S¶
Ime¯msW¶pÅXv hyàamWv. ]n¶oSv ]nXrktlmZc\mb
A_qXmen_v I¨hS¯n\pth­n kndnbbnte¡p t]mb Ah
kc¯nepw apl½Zv At±ls¯ A\pKan¨ncp¶p. H«I¸pd¯v
I¨hS¨c¡pIfpw Ibän acp¸¨Ifn \n¶v acp¸¨Ifnte¡pw
Ahkm\w Bbnc¡W¡n\p ssaepIÄ A¸pd¯pÅ kndnbbn
te¡papÅ Cu bm{X apl½Znsâ hnÚm\¯nsâ taJe hÀ
²n¸n¨p, ]IepIfpw cm{XnIfpw \o­p\n¡p¶ Cu bm{XI
fn tKm{XhÀK IYIfpw sFXnly§fpw ]mc¼cy§fpsams¡
]dbpI km[mcWbmWv. {]mbambhcn \n¶v AhsbÃmw
tIÄ¡m³ B _me\v In«nb Ahkcambncp¶p AXv. D¯c
Atd_y, Cdm¡v, kndnb XpS§nb Øe§fn {InkvXpaXhpw
bqZaXhpw kcXpjv{SaXhpw {]Nmc¯nencp¶p. B aX§tf
¸änbpw AhcpsS hnizmk{]amW§tf¸änbpw a\Ênem¡m\pw
CsXmcp Ahkcambncp¶p. ]t£, B aX§fpsS XmXznIhi
tam aX{KÙ§tfm ]Tn¡phm³ apl½Zn\v kabtam kuIcy
tam D­mbncp¶nÃ. km[mcW P\§fpsSbnSbn B aX§Ä
F§s\bmWv cq]s¸«ncp¶sX¶v At±l¯n\p ImWm³ Ign
ªp. ]n¡me¯p JpÀB\n D²cn¡p¶ bqZss{IkvXh
IYIÄ Cu km[mcW¡mcn \n¶p In«nbXmsW¶p IcpXm³
\ymbap­v. ImcWw, ss__nfn ]dbp¶ coXnbneà B
IYIÄ JpÀB\nepÅXv. t\sc adn¨v, km[mcW P\§fpsS
bnSbn {]Nmc¯nencp¶Xpw As¸m{In^m {KÙ§fn hnhcn
¡p¶ Xc¯nepÅXpamWv Ah.
A_qXmen_nsâ I¨hSkwLt¯msSm¸w apl½Zv F{X
{]mhiyw bm{X sNbvXn«ps­¶pÅXn\v tcJIsfm¶panÃ. G
Xmbmepw ]eh«w C§s\ bm{X sNbvXn«p­mhWw. A§
s\ I¨hS¯n kaÀ°\mb apl½Zns\, a¡bnse [\mVy
bmb JZoP AhcpsS amt\Pcmbn \nban¨p. JZoPbpsS I¨
hSkwL§fpsS amt\Pcmbpw Atd_ybn ]e Øe§fnepw

45
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
At±lw k©cn¨ncp¶p. C§s\bncn¡p¶ Ime¯mWv JZoP,
apl½Zn A\pcàbmIp¶Xv. 40 hbÊpÅ B hn[hbpw 25
Imc\mb apl½Zpw X½n A[nIw XmaknbmsX hnhmlnX
cmbn. Cu Zm¼Xyw At±l¯n\v [mcmfw hn{ia kabhpw
km¼¯nI kuIcy§fpw \ÂIn. bm{Xbv¡nSbnepw aäpw I­
Xpw tI«Xpamb hnhc§Ä ]pXnb coXnbn Nn´n¡p¶Xn\v
apl½Zns\ t{]cn¸n¨ncp¶ncn¡mw. a¡bv¡ p sXm«S¯pÅ
lndm Kplbn t]mbn [ym\\naá\mbncn¡pI At±l¯nsâ
]Xnhmbncp¶p. A§s\bncn¡p¶ Hcp Znhkw Pn{_o F¶
ae¡v apl½Znsâ ap¼n {]Xy£s¸«v ‘hmbn¡pI’ F¶p ]d
ªp F¶pw ‘F\n¡v hmb\ AdnbnÃ’ F¶v At±lw adp]Sn
]dsª¶pw F¦nepw ae¡v JpÀBsâ Hcp `mKw HmXns¡mSp
¯p F¶pw apÉow ]pcmWamb klolp _pJmcnbn ]d
bp¶p. At±lw AhnsS\n¶pw ho«n Xncns¨¯n hnhcw `mcy
tbmSp ]dªp. AhÀ c­mfpw IqSn JZoPbpsS ]nXrhy]p{X\pw
{Inkv X ym\nbpamb hÀ¡¯nsâ ASp¡Â sN¶v hnhcw
]dªp. CXv ssZhnI ktµiamsW¶v hÀ¡¯v AhtcmSp
]dªp. Xp SÀ¶v CXpt]mepÅ ]e ktµi§fpw ssZh¯nÂ
\n¶v apl½Zn\p In«nbs{X. At±lw Hcp ]pXnb aXw {]kwKn
¡m³ XpS§n. kz]Xv\n JZoP, ]nXrhy\mb A_pXmen_nsâ
]p{X\pw F«p hbÊpImc\pamb Aen, JZoPbpsS ASnabmb
sskZv_v\p lmcokv, A_qs_¡À F¶n§s\ \mep t]cmWv
BZyw apl½Zns\ \_nbmbn AwKoIcn¨Xv.
Häbvs¡mäbv¡pw clkyambpw apl½Zv aX{]NmcWw aq¶p
hÀjw XpSÀ¶p. AXpIgnªv ]ckyamb aX{]NcWw Bcw`n
¨p. AÃmlp Fs¶mcp ssZhw am{XtabpÅq F¶pw apl½Zv
B ssZh¯nsâ ZqX\msW¶pw hn{Klmcm[\ Ahkm\n¸n¡
Wsa¶pw At±lw {]kwKn¨p. I A_bnse t£{X¯nepÅ
hn{Kl§fpsSbSp¯v hym]mcnIfpw XoÀ°bm{X¡mcpw \Â
Ip¶ hgn]mSpIÄsIm­v k¼¶cmb t£{X`mchmlnIÄ kzm
`mhnIambpw apl½Zns\ FXnÀ¯p. t£{X¯nsâ DSaØcmb
IpssdjnIfpsS IpSpw_¡mc\mbXpsIm­pw k¼¶bmb JZo

46
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
PbpsS `À¯mhmbXpsIm­pw AhÀ BZyw £an¨p. ]t£,
JZoPbptSbpw ]nXrhy³ A_pXmen_ntâbpw acWt¯msS
i{Xp¡Ä¡v iàn hÀ²n¨p. AhcpsS FXnÀ¸pIÄsIm­v
s]mdpXnap«nbt¸mÄ ASp¯pÅ Xmbn^v F¶ Øe¯pt]mbn
aX{]Ncw \S¯m\mbn At±l¯nsâ {iaw. AhnSp¯pImÀ
apl½Zns\ IsÃdnªv HmSn¨p. a¡¯pw At±l¯n\p ]nSn¨p
\n¡m³ IgnªnÃ. ap¼pXs¶ bkvcn_v (saZo\)Imcmb
Nnecpambn kJyw sN¿m\pw Ahsc Xsâ {]hmNIXzw AwKo
Icn¸n¡phm\pw apl½Zn\p km[n¨ncp¶p. AXpsIm­v a¡
PohnXw ZpÊlamb kmlNcy¯n kn.C. 622þ apl½Zpw
A\pbmbnIfpwIqSn a¡bn \n¶p aZo\bnte¡v ]emb\w
sNbvXp. apl½Zn\v At¸mÄ GXm­v A³]¯naq¶p hbÊm
bncp¶p. Cu HmSnt¸m¡mWv CÉmwaX¯nsâ ASn¯d Dd¸n¨
kw`hw. AXp sIm­v B Znhkw apXÂ Bcw`n¡p¶ Hcp A
_vZw (lnPd) ]n¡me¯p XpS§n.
aZo\bnse¯nb apl½Zpw A\pbmbnIfpambn AhnS¯p
ImÀ kJy¯n GÀs¸«p. apl½Zns\ AhÀ B \Kccmjv{S
¯nsâ A[n]\m¡n. a¡m \nhmknIÄ¡v CXv kln¨nÃ. aZo
\¯v At±l¯nsâ iàn hÀ²n¨phcp¶Xn Akqbbp­m
bncp¶ bqZ¡¨hS¡mÀ a¡m¡msc ]dªv Cf¡pIbpw sN
bvXp. AXnsâ ^eambn IpssdjnIÄ aZo\s¡Xncmbn bp²
¯n\p ]pds¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. hnhcadnª \_nbpw A\pbm
bnIfpw ap¶qdn Nnezm\w BfpIÄ DÄs¸Sp¶ Hcp sNdnb
ssk\ys¯ kwLSn¸n¨psIm­v Ahsc FXnÀ¡m³ ]pds¸«p.
_ZÀ F¶ Øe¯psh¨v c­p ssk\y§fpw Gäpap«n. AwK
kwJy Ipdhmbncps¶¦nepw apl½Znsâ ssk\yamWv hnP
bn¨Xv . CÉmw aXNcn{X¯nse {][m\s¸« kw`hamWnXv.
IpssdjnIfpsS {]Xm]w XIcm³ CXp ImcWam¡n. F¦nepw
]ntäs¡mÃw IqSpXÂ k¶ml§tfmsS AhÀ ho­pw bp²
¯n\p h¶p. DlpZvaebpsS Xmgvhmc¯n sh¨p \S¶ bp²
¯n CcpIq«À¡pw h¼n¨ \jvSap­mbn. CtXmsS aZo\
B{Ian¨p IogS¡msa¶ hymtamlw IpssdjnIÄ¡v CÃmXmbn.

47
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ASp¯pÅ Nne tIm«IÄ B{Ian¨v sImÅbSn¡m\pw Bfp
Isf XShpImcmbn ]nSn¡m\pw apl½Zpw A\pbmbnIfpw X¿m
dmbn. C§s\ e`n¡p¶ sImÅapXen A©nsem¶v AÃmlp
hn\pw {]hmNI\pambn \o¡nshbv¡pIbpw _m¡n ]Sbmfn
IÄ¡v hoXn¨psImSp¡pIbpambncp¶p ]Xnhv. A§s\ sImÅ
bpw B{IaW§fpwsIm­v kao]{]tZi§fn apl½Zv B[n
]Xyw t\Sn. aZo\bn Øm]nXamb CÉmanIcmjv{Sw s]s«¶v
iàn {]m]n¨p. bp²¯n\p t]mbm In«mhp¶ km¼¯nI
em`w ]etcbpw BIÀjn¨p. AYhm acn¡pIbmsW¦n kzÀ
K¯n In«mhp¶ kpJkuIcy§tf¸än apl½Zv hniZambn
¯s¶ ]dªv Ahsc {]tem`n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A\pbmbn
IfpsS CSbn aX {`m´v hfÀ¯phm³ At±l¯n\p km[n¨p.
C¯cw Hcp A´co£¯n Npäp]mSpapÅ {]tZi§fnÂ
A[nImcw Øm]n¡phm³ Ignª apl½Zv ]n¶oSv h¼n¨ ssk
\yt¯mSpIqSn a¡bnte¡v amÀ¨p sNbvXp. henb càs¨mcn¨n
sem¶pw IqSmsXXs¶ a¡ IogS§n. XpSÀ¶v kao]¯pÅ
i{Xp¡fpsS tKm{X§sfbpw apÉow ssk\yw ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n.
I A_mbnepw aäp t£{X§fnepap­mbncp¶ hn{Kl§Ä
XIÀ¯p. _lpssZhmcm[IcpsS kz¯p¡Ä sImÅbSn¨p.
C§ns\ ]Ýna Atd_ybn Hcp kpiàamb apÉow cmPyw
hfÀ¶p hcp¶XpI­t¸mÄ kndnb³ cmPmhv bp²¯ns\mcp
§n. apl½Zpw ]Ssbmcp¡w sNbvXp. X_p¡v F¶ Øewh
sc apÉow ssk\yw \o§n. AhnsS sh¨v kÔn sNbvXv kndn
b³ cmPmhv ]n³hm§n. CtXmSpIqSn Atd_y apgph³ Xs¶
apl½Znsâ \nb{´W¯n h¶p.
hnPb{ioemfnX\mb apl½Zv ]ntä hÀjw h¼n¨ k¶ml
§tfmsS lÖv XoÀ°mS\w \S¯n. AXpIgnªv aZo\bnÂ
Xncns¨¯nb apl½Zn\v A[nIw XmaknbmsX Pzcw _m[n¨p.
kn.C. 632 Pq¬ F«n\v Adp]¯naq¶mas¯ hbÊn At±lw
A´cn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
apl½Zns\ XpSÀ¶v At±l¯nsâ `mcy AbnimbpsS
]nXmhv A_qs_¡À CÉmanI cmjv{S¯nsâ A[n]\mbn.

48
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
aX Imcy§fnepw cmPyImcy§fnepw apl½Zns\t¸mse At±
lhpw t\XrXzw hln¨p. Cu aXcmjv{S¯nsâ Xeh³ Jen^m
F¶mWv Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv. C§s\ H¶mas¯ Jeo^bmb
A_ps_¡À Atd_ybn tijn¨ _lpssZhhnizmknIsf
apgph³ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n. `bwsIm­v ]ecpw CÉmwaXw AwKo
Icn¨p. Cu hnPb§sf XpSÀ¶v ]mekvXo³, kndnb, Cdm¡v
XpS§nb {]tZi§fnte¡v apÉow ssk\yw \o§n. tdmamkm{am
Pyhpw t]Àjy³ km{amPyhpw bp²w sIm­v XfÀ¶p Ignªn
cp¶ kabambncp¶p CXv. a[y]uckvXytZi¯v apÉow iàn¡v
thcp ]nSn¡m³ Cu kmlNcyw klmbn¨p. c­chÀj¯n\p
tijw At±lw A´cn¡pt¼mtg¡pw km{amPy¯n\v ASn¯
dbnSm³ A_qs_¡dn\p Ignªncp¶p. ]n³Kmanbmbn Dadns\
\ma\nÀt±iw sNbvXn«mWv At±lw A´cn¨Xv.
apl½Zn\ptijw A_qs_¡sd Jeo^bm¡nbXn apl
½Znsâ ]p{Xn ^m¯nabpsS `À¯mhmb Aen¡pw aäp IpSpw
_mwK§Ä¡pw {]Xntj[ap­mbncp¶p. A_qs_¡dpsS Ime
¯pw XpSÀ¶p Jen^bmb Dadnsâ `cWIme¯pw A[nImcw
]nSns¨Sp¡phm³ AhÀ {iaw \S¯nbncp¶p. F¦nepw ]pXnb
cmPy§Ä IogS¡n km{amPy¯n\v hnkvXrXn Iq«p¶Xn\pÅ
{ia¯nteÀs¸«ncp¶ ssk\y§sf kzm[o\n¡m³ AhÀ¡p
IgnªnÃ. ]t£, ]¯mas¯ hÀj¯n \akvImcthfbnÂ
HcmÄ Jeo^sb Ip¯n apdnthev]n¨p. c­mw Jeo^ DaÀ A
§s\bmWv acWaSªXv. A[nImc¯n\pth­nbpÅ XÀ¡
§Ä iànbmbn \S¶psh¦nepw Dkvam³ aq¶mas¯ Jeo^
Bbn. ]{´­p hÀjw Ct±lw `cWw \S¯n. CÉman\pth­n
]pXnb Øe§Ä sh«n¸nSn¡p¶Xn Dkvam\pw ]pdInembn
cp¶nÃ. kn.C. 65þ At±lw sImÃs¸«p. \_nbpsS ]nXrk
tlmZc]p{X\mWv XpSÀ¶v Jeo^bmbXv. At±lhpw sImÃ
s¸«p. ]n¶oSnt§m«pÅ CÉmansâ Ncn{Xw sh«n¸nSp¯¯n
tâbpw A[nImc aÕc§fptSXpamWv.
Hcp am\knItcmKn
apl½Zn\v {]hmNI]Zhn e`n¡p¶Xv \mev]Xmas¯ hbÊn

49
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
emWv. H«It\m«¡mc\pw hym]mcnbpsams¡bmbncp¶ apl½Zv
s]s«¶v {]hmNI\mbn amdpIbmWv sNbvXsX¶mWv apÉo§Ä
]dbp¶Xv. AXv lndm Kplbn sh¨p­mb Hcp ZÀi\whgn
bmsW¶pÅXv {]kn²amWv. Cu ZÀi\¯nsâ IY \_nbpsS
`mcybmb Bbni C§s\ hnhcn¡p¶p:
“Xncpta\n¡p ssZhnIktµi§fpsS Bcw`w \Ã kz]v\§
fmbncp¶p. Xncpta\n ImWp¶ FÃm kz]v\§fpw {]`mX¯n
se {]Imiwt]mse icn¡v kv^pSambn ]peÀ¶psIm­ncp¶p.
]n¶oSv Xncpta\n¡v GIm´hmkw {]nbwIcambnt¯m¶n.
lndm KplbnemWv Xncpta\n GIm´hmkw A\pjvTn¨ncp¶Xv.
Iptd \mtf¡pÅ Blmc]ZmÀ°§fpw sIm­v Xncpta\n Kpl
bnte¡p t]mIpw. F¶n«v Iptd cm{Xn Bcm[\bnembvs¡m­v
AhnsS Ign¨pIq«pw. ]n¶oSv kz]Xv\n JZoP: (d) bpsS ASp¡
te¡v Xncn¨phcpw. KplbnÂsh¨v Xncpta\n¡p kXyw (ssZhnI
ktµiw) h¶pIn«pwhtc¡pw Cu \ne XpSÀ¶pt]m¶p.”
XpSÀ¶v ‘ssZhnIktµiw’ e`n¨sX§s\bmsW¶pw AhÀ
hnhcn¡p¶p: “ae¡v Xncpta\nbpsS ap¼n {]Xy£s¸«p
F¶n«p Xncpta\ntbmSv ‘hmbn¡pI’ F¶p ]dªp. ‘F\n¡v
hmbn¡m\dnhnÃ’ F¶p Xncpta\n adp]Sn \ÂIn. Xncpta\n
Acpfp¶p. “At¶cw ae¡p Fs¶¸nSn¨p iàntbmsS BtÇ
jn¨p. F\n¡p hfsc hnjaw tXm¶n. A\´cw ae¡p Fs¶
hn«p. F¶n«p ‘hmbn¡pI’ F¶p ae¡p ho­pw ]dªp. F\n¡p
‘hmb\’ Adnhnsöp ho­pw Rm³ adp]Sn \ÂIn. At¸mÄ
ho­pw ae¡v Fs¶ ]nSn¨p hfsc iàntbmsS BtÇjn¨p.
F\n¡p hfsc hnjaw tXm¶n. ]n¶oSv ae¡v Fs¶ hn«p. F
\n¡p hmb\ Adnhnsöp ]nt¶bpw Rm³ ]dªp. F¶n«v
aq¶mas¯ {]mhiyw ae¡v Fs¶ ]nSn¨v iàntbmsS BtÇ
jn¨p. F¶n«v Fs¶ hn«p. A\´cw “krjvSnIÀ¯mhmb \nsâ
c£nXmhnsâ \ma¯n hmbn¡pI. cà]nÞ¯n \n¶mWv
a\pjys\ Ah³ krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. hmbn¡pI. \nsâ c£n
Xmhv AXypZmc\s{X.”1
C§s\ JpÀB³ Pn_vcnÂhgn AhXcn¸n¡m³ AÃmlp
{iaw XpS§nsb¦nepw apl½Zn\v AXv a\ÊnembnÃt{X ! XpSÀ
50
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¶pÅ cwK§Ä Bbni Xs¶ hnhcn¡p¶p:
“A§s\ ]nSbv¡p¶ lrZbhpambn kzIpSpw_¯nte¡v
Xncpta\n aS§n. ‘F\n¡p ]pX¨p XcnI’, ‘F\n¡p ]pX¨p X
cnI’ F¶p ]dªpsIm­v Xncpta\n JZoPbpsS ASp¡Â
Ibdns¨¶p. DSs\ Xncpta\n¡v AhÄ ]pX¸n«p aqSns¡mSp¯p.
Iptd¡gnªv `bmi¦IÄ \o§nbt¸mÄ \S¶ kw`h§sfÃmw
JZoP _ohnsb Xncpta\n sXcys¸Sp¯n. A¡q«¯n Xncp
ta\n DWÀ¯n: “Fsâ Poh¶p hà B]¯pw kw`hn¡ptam
F¶p Rm³ `bs¸«pt]mbn.” At¸mÄ Xncpta\nsb (kam[m
\n¸n¨psIm­v) JZoP (d) ]dªp: “CÃ, AÃmlphmsW, AÃm
lp Hcn¡epw A§sb A]am\n¡pIbnÃ! A§p¶p icn¡p
IpSpw__Ôw ]peÀ¯p¶; ]cm{ibsc c£n¡m\pÅ `mcw
GsäSp¡p¶p; AKXnIÄ¡p th­n kzbw A²zm\n¨v klmbw
t\Sns¡mSp¡p¶p; AXnYnIsf k¡cn¡p¶p. kXyamÀK
¯n B]¯pIÄ kln¡phm³ A§p¶p apt¼m«p hcp¶p.”
]n¶oSv Xncpta\ntbbpwsIm­v JZoP (d) Xsâ ]nXrhy]p{X³
hd¡¯nsâ ASp¡Â sN¶p. hd¡¯v AÚm\Ime¯v {In
kvXpaXw kzoIcn¡pIbpw C{_m\n (lo{_p) `mj FgpXm³
]Tn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. F¶n«v C©oen \n¶v Nne `mK
§Ä lo{_p `mjbn At±lw FgpXnsbSp¡mdp­mbncp¶p.
At±lw hfsc htbmhr²\mbn. I¬ImgvN Xs¶ \jvSs¸«p
Ignªncp¶p. At±lt¯mSp JZoP (d) ]dªp: “]nXrhy]p{Xm!
Xm¦fpsS ktlmZc]p{Xt\mSv hnhc§Ä At\zjn¡pI.” A
t¸mÄ hd¡¯v Xncpta\ntbmSp tNmZn¨p: “ktlmZc]p{Xm!
\n§Ä¡p­mb A\p`h§Ä Fs´ms¡bmWv?” I­ ImgvNI
sfÃmw Xncpta\n hd¡¯ns\ Adnbn¨p. At¶cw hd¡¯v
Xncpta\ntbmSp ]dªp:
“aqkm (A) bpsS ASp¡te¡v AÃmlp Ab¨ncp¶ AtX
clkyktµihmlI\mWnXv.”...F¶m ]n¶oS[nIw Xmakn
¨nÃ. hd¡¯v acWaSªp. ssZhnIktµi§fpsS hchv Iptd
\mtf¡v \nebv¡pIbpw sNbvXp.”2
]n¶oSv apl½Zn\p­mb ZÀi\s¯¸än Pm_ndp_v\p A_vZn
Ãm F¶ injy³ ]dbp¶Xpw {it²bamWv:
51
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“({]hmNIe_v[nsb¯pSÀ¶v) Iptd \mtf¡v ssZhnI ktµ
iw e`n¡mXncp¶Xns\¡pdn¨v At±lw kwkmcn¡pIbmbn
cp¶p. At¶cw Xsâ kwkmcat²y Xncpta\nsb D²cn¨psIm
­v C§s\ ]dªp: “Rm³ (\_n) \S¶p t]mIpt¼mÄ BIm
i¯p \n¶v Hcp i_vZw tI«p. DSs\ taÂt¸m«p t\m¡n. A
t¸mÄ lodm KplbnÂsh¨v Fsâ ASp¡Â h¶ ae¡v BImi
`qanIÄ¡nSbn Hcp Itkebnt·Â AXm Ccn¡p¶p. AXp
I­v F\n¡p `bw tXm¶n. DSs\ Rm³ (ho«nte¡p) aS§n.
F¶n«v ‘F\n¡p ]pX¨p XcnI’, ‘F\n¡p ]pX¨p XcnI’ F¶p
Rm³ ]dªp. At¸mgmWv ‘Hm! ]pX¸n¨p aqSnbhs\, Fgpt¶Â
¡pI, F¶n«v A{i²cmb \nsâ P\Xsb Xm¡oXp sN¿pI.
\nsâ c£nXmhnsâ alXzw {]IoÀ¯\w sN¿pI. \nsâ hkv{X
s¯ ip²am¡n sh¡pI. sXämb \S]SnIÄ shSnbpI” F¶o
hN\§Ä (JpÀ B³ 74:1þ5) AÃmlp AhXcn¸n¨Xv. ]n¶oSv
ssZhnIktµi§Ä¡p NqSp]nSn¨p. Ah XpSÀ¨bmbn h¶psIm
­ncp¶p.3
A§s\bp­mIp¶ ZÀi\§sf¸än Bbni Xs¶ asämcp
`mK¯p ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv: lmcokp_v\plnkmw Xncp
ta\n (k) tbmSp tNmZn¨p: “ssZhZqXsc! At§bv¡v ssZhnIk
tµiw h¶pIn«p¶sX§s\bmWv? Xncpta\n Acpfn. Nnet¸mÄ
aWn\mZw apg§pt¼msebpÅ Hcp i_vZt¯msS F\n¡Xp
h¶pIn«pw. F\n¡p Xm§m³ Gähpw hnjaapÅ HchØ
bmWXv. F¶n«v AX§hkm\n¡pw. B ktµi hmlI³ ]d
ªXv At¶cw Rm³ icn¡pw lrZnØam¡nbn«p­mbncn¡pw.
Nnet¸mÄ Hcp ]pcpjsâ cq]¯n ae¡v Fsâ ap¼n {]Xy
£s¸Spw. F¶ns«t¶mSp kwkmcn¡pw. At¶cw B ae¡p
]dªsXÃmw Rm³ lrZnØam¡pw.” Bbni (d) ]dbp¶p.
“ITn\ssiXyapÅ Znhkw Xncpta\n¡v ssZhnI ktµiw h¶p
In«p¶Xv Rm³ I­n«p­v. Xncpta\n¡p ktµiw e`n¨p AXnÂ
\n¶p hncan¨p Ignbpt¼mÄ Xncpta\nbpsS s\än¯Sw hnbÀ
s¯men¡p¶p­mIpw.”4
ssZhw, ae¡v, Pn¶v, ]nimNv F¶n§s\ ]eXcw AZriy
PohnIsf¸änbpw kzÀKw, \cIw XpS§nb temI§tf¸änbpw
52
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hnizmknIÄ ]dbmdps­¦nepw AsXms¡ shdpw sI«pIY
IfmsW¶v sXfnªpIgnªn«p­v. hfscsbm¶pw Nn´n¡m\pw
]Tn¡m\pw Ignbm¯ NneÀ AÔambn C¯cw Imcy§fnÂ
hnizkn¡p¶Xpw \ap¡p a\Ênem¡mw. ]t£, ]nimNv, ssZhw,
amemJ XpS§nbh {]Xy£s¸«p F¶v AhImis¸Sp¶hÀ
B[p\nI a\ximkv{X¯nsâ ZrjvSnbn at\mtcmKnIfmWv.
{]kn² a\ximkv{X]ÞnX\pw ktX¬ Iment^mÀWnbm bq
Wnthgvknänbnse s{]m^kdpamb ^vtfmbnUv. FÂ.dpIv, kvIn
tkmt{^\nb F¶ am\knItcmKs¯¸än ]dbp¶Xv C§s\
bmWv: at\mtcmKnIÄ¡v, {]tXyIn¨pw kvIntkmt{^\nb _m[n
¨hÀ¡v, XpSÀ¨bmbn ambnI{`a§Ä A\p`hs¸Sp¶p­v. Npäp
]mSpIfnepÅ F´nsâsb¦nepw {]tNmZ\tam km¶n²ytam
CÃm¯ C{µnbm\p`h§fmWh. bmYmÀ°y¯n \n¶p hyXy
kvXamb A¯cw A\p`h§sf asämcp hyàn¡v hymJym\n
¡m³ {]bmkamWv. B tcmKnsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw AXn
\À°aps­¦nepw an¡t¸mgpw C¯cw ambnIm\p`h§Ä {ih
Wt¯mSp _Ôs¸«XmWv. B hyàn Akm[mcWtam kw{`a
P\Itam Bb H¨tbm i_vZtam tIÄ¡p¶p. Nnet¸mÄ Abm
tfmSv IÂ]n¡p¶Xmtbm Asæn D]tZin¡p¶Xmtbm
tXm¶pw. A¯cw {ihW]camb ambnI{`a§Ä an¡t¸mgpw
tcmKnsb aXn{`amhØbnse¯n¡pw. DZmlcW¯n\v, tcmKn
Xms\mcp aX{]hmNI\msW¶v hnNmcn¡p¶ ]£w, At±l
¯n\p e`n¡p¶ ambnI ktµi§Ä ssZh¯n \n¶p e`n¡p
¶XmsW¶v [cn¡pw. aäpÅhÀ¡msW¦n Xm³ BtcmSmWv
kwkmcn¡p¶sX¶v tcmKn¡v \nÝbap­mhpIbnÃ. ambnI
ambn IS¶phcp¶ Bfpambn AbmÄ ZoÀLambn kwkmcn¡p
sa¦nepw.”5
a\ximkv{XÚsâ Cu hniIe\w A\pkcn¨v, apl½Zv \
_nbpsS ZÀi\§Ä At±ls¯ _m[n¨ncp¶ kvIntkmt{^
\nb tcmK¯nsâ ^eambncp¶p F¶pÅXv hyàamWv. lZokp
IÄ hmbn¡pt¼mÄ \_n Hcp am\knItcmKnbmbncp¶p F¶v
sXfnbn¡p¶ aäp \nch[n kw`h§Ä ImWmw. Hcp Znhkw

53
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Dd¡¯n \n¶v \_n NmSnsbWoäp ]dª hnhcw At±l¯n
sâ `mcyamcn Hcmfmb D½pkpÂa shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xv C§s\
bmWv. “Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn Xncpta\n s]s«¶v DWÀ¶p. F¶n«v
Xncpta\n Acpfn: kp_vlm\Ã! Fs´Ãmw Ipg¸§fmWv Cu
cm{Xnbn Xpd¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv! F{Xsb{X JPm\IfmWv
C¶p Xpd¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv! apdnIfn Dd§ns¡m­ncn¡p¶
kv{XoIsf \n§Ä thKw DWÀ¯ns¡mÅpI. CltemI¯v
hkv{Xw [cn¨ F{X kv{XoIfmWv ]ctemI¯v \ácmbncn¡m³
t]mIp¶Xv!6 C§s\ \_n ]dsª¦nepw A¶p {]tXyIambn
Fs´¦nepw kw`hn¨Xmbn D½pkpÂa ]dbp¶nÃ. asämcp ck
Icamb hnhcWw apl½Zv Xs¶ \ÂIp¶p: “Rm³ a¡bnÂ
Xmakn¡p¶ Ime¯v Fsâ ho«nsâ ta¯«p Xpd¶n«p Pn_v
cn Cd§nh¶p; F¶n«t±lw Fsâ s\ªv Iodn¯pd¶p;
A\´cw ‘kwkw’ shÅwsIm­Xp IgpIn. ]n¶oSv At±lw
kzÀW¯nsâ Hcp XfnI \ndsb XXzÚm\hpw kXyhnizm
khpw sIm­ph¶n«v Fsâ s\ªnepÅnte¡§v Hgn¨p. F¶n
«Xp aqSn¡fªp. A\´cw Fsâ ssI ]nSn¨psIm­v `qantbmSp
sXm«Sp¯p \n¡p¶ BImit¯bv¡v At±lw Ibdnt¸mbn...7
asämchkc¯n ]Ånbnse {]kwK]oT¯n \n¶psIm
­v \_n ]dªp: “CXm Ct¸mÄ \cIhpw kzÀKhpw Cu Npacn
t·Â Fsâ I¬ap¼n {]ZÀin¸n¡s¸«p. (kzÀKs¯t¸mse)
A{Xbpw hninjvShpw (\cIt¯t¸mse) A{Xbpw hjfpamb
ImgvN Hcn¡epw Rm³ I­nt«bnÃ.”8
asämcn¡Â _Zdn Ipssdin t\Xm¡sf AS¡w sNbvX
InWänsâ Icbn sN¶p \n¶n«v, B t\Xm¡sfbpw AhcpsS
]nXm¡sfbpw t]scSp¯p hnfn¨psIm­v, C¶hsâ aI³ C¶
ht\! C¶hsâ aI³ C¶ht\! AÃmlphns\bpw Ahsâ
ZqXs\bpw A\pkcn¨psIm­p Pohn¨ncps¶¦n \¶mbncp
t¶s\sb¶v Ct¸mÄ \n§Ä¡v tXm¶p¶pt­m?....CXp tI«
t¸mÄ DaÀ (d) tNmZn¨p. “ssZhZqXsc, \nÀÖoh icoc§tfmSv
AhnSp¶p F´mWp kwkmcn¡p¶Xv? Xncpta\n Acpfn: “apl½
Znsâ Bßmhns\ \nb{´n¨psIm­ncn¡p¶ AÃmlphns\
s¡m­p kXyw, Fsâ kwkmcw tIÄ¡m³ AhÀ¡pÅ Ignhv
54
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\n§Ä¡p t]mepanÃ.”9
ih§Ä¡v tIÄ¡m³ Ignªp F¶pw \_n ]dªXv IÅ
amsW¶p ]dbm³ \nhr¯nbnÃ. am\knItcmKw _m[n¨ HcmÄ
¡v C¯cw tXm¶epIÄ D­mImdp­v. kXyamsW¶p hnizkn
¨psIm­mWv AhÀ A§s\ ]dbp¶Xv. _ZÀbp²w \S¡p¶
Znhkw CXpt]mse asämcp ZÀi\hpw apl½Zn\p­mbn. At±
lw hnfn¨p]dªp. “AXm Pn_ncn Bbp[§fWnªp Xsâ
IpXncbpsS Xe ]nSn¨psIm­p \n¡p¶p.”10
aämcpw ImWm¯Xp ImWpI, CÃm¯ i_vZw tIÄ¡pI
XpS§nb am\knItcmK e£W§Ä apl½Zn an¡t¸mgpw
Zriyambncp¶Xmbn lZokpIfn \n¶v hyàamIp¶p. At±
l¯n\v am\knItcmKw D­mbncp¶p F¶v `mcy Bbni Xs¶
]dbp¶pap­v. AhÀ ]dbp¶p:
“Xncpta\n (k)bv¡v amcWw _m[n¨p. F¶n«v Xm³ bYmÀ°
¯n sN¿m¯ {]hr¯nIÄ Xm³ sNbvXXmbn Xncpta\n
(k)bv¡p tXm¶m³ XpS§n. A§s\ Hcp Znhkw Xncpta\n
{]mÀ°n¨p. ho­pw ho­pw {]mÀ°n¨p. ]ns¶ AhnSp¶v
BbnitbmSv tNmZn¨p: F\n¡p kpJw {]m]n¡m³ th­ amÀKw
AÃmlp Adnbn¨p X¶Xp \o Adntªm? XpSÀ¶v Xncpta\n
(k) Acpfn: “c­mfpIÄ Fsâ ASp¡Â h¶p. AhcnsemcmÄ
Fsâ Xebv¡p kao]hpw asäbmÄ Fsâ ImepIÄ¡cnInepw
Ccp¶p. F¶n«v AhcnsemcmÄ atäbmfnt\mSp tNmZn¨p: ‘Cu
a\pjysâ tcmKsa´mWv?’ ‘At±ls¯ amcWw _m[n¨ncn
¡pIbmWv’, F¶v asäbmÄ adp]Sn ]dªp. ‘BcmWv amcWw
sNbvXXv?’ BZys¯ a\pjy³ ho­pw tNmZn¨p. ‘e_oZv_v\pÂ
AAvkam (Hcp PqX³)WXv.’ asäbmÄ tNmZn¨p. ‘knlvdn¶p
F´mWbmÄ D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv?’ c­ma³ ]dªp. NoÀ¸pw
apSnbpw (Asæn ]cp¯n) Cu´¸\bpsS B¬IpebpsS
Iq¼mfbpamWv D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. ‘F¶ns«hnsSbmWXpÅ
sX’¶v H¶ma³ tNmZn¨p. ‘ZÀhm³’ InWdnemWXpÅXv F¶v
c­ma³ adp]Sn ]dªp. DSs\ Xncpta\n (k) At§m«p ]pds¸
«p. ]n¶oSv AhnsS\n¶p aS§nh¶t¸mÄ Bbni(d)tbmSp

55
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]dªp: ‘AhnSs¯ Cu´¸\IÄ ssi¯m³amcpsS Xet]m
sebp­v.’ Bbnim (d) ]dbp¶p: At¸mÄ Rm³ tNmZn¨p: ‘A
hnS¶v AXp ]pdt¯s¡Spt¯m?’ Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: C
t¸mÄ AÃmlp Fs¶ icns¸Sp¯n¯¶pIgnªp. AXp ]pd
t¯bvs¡Sp¡p¶ ]£w P\§Ä¡nSbn AXv Hcp h¼n¨
Ipg¸¯n\v ImcWamtb¡ptamsb¶p Rm³ `bs¸Sp¶p.” ]n¶o
Sv B InWÀ aqSn¡fªp.11
amcWw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv ‘IqtSm{X’¯n\mWv. BÀ¡pw Bsc
bpw IqtSm{Xw sN¿phm³ km[yasöv kmam\yw Nn´n¡p
¶hÀs¡ms¡ Adnbmw. IqtSm{Xw, ssIhnjw Fs¶ms¡
Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv am\knItcmK§fmWv. apl½Znsâ `mcy Bbn
i ]dbp¶ amcWw C¯c¯n s]«XmWv.
F´psIm­mWv C¯c¯n Hcp am\knItcmKw apl½Zn
\p­mbXv? A\mYXzw,. AanX emf\, kpc£nXt_m[anÃmbva,
AXncp Ihnª A¨S¡w XpS§nbh Hcp a\pjys\ kvIntkm
t{^\nbm tcmKnbm¡msa¶mWv s{]m^kÀ dq¡nsâ A`n{]m
bw.12 P\n¡p¶Xn\p apt¼ AÑ\pw Bdmas¯ hbkn A½
bpw H³]Xmas¯ hbkn ap¯Ñ\pw \jvSs¸« apl½Znsâ
a\Ên AsXms¡ D­m¡nb BLmXambncn¡Ww, At±l
s¯ Hcp tcmKnbm¡n amänbXv. at\mtcmK¯nsâ ^eambn A
t±l¯n\p­mb ambnIZÀi\§fpw, Nn´bnÂ\n¶p cq]w sIm
­ A`n{]mb§fpamWv ]n¡me¯v CÉmwaX¯nsâ BhnÀ
`mh¯n\v hgnsXfn¨Xv. hr²\pw {InkvXym\nbpamb hd¡¯n
sâ ZÀi\hymJym\w AXn\p klmbIamIpIbpw sNbvXp.
apl½Znsâ PohnXIme¯pXs¶ NneÀ CXp a\Ênem¡n
bncp¶psh¶pÅXn\v JpÀB\nÂXs¶ sXfnhpIfp­v.
kXy\ntj[nIÄ ]dbp¶p: “Cu JpÀB³ X\n IÅhmÀ¯
bmWv. CXp apl½ZmWv sI«nbp­m¡p¶Xv. aäp Nne BfpIÄ
AXn Ahs\ klmbn¡p¶pap­v. C¡q«À henb B{IaamWv
{]hÀ¯n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. AhÀ ]dªXv X\n¡ÅhpamWv. (aäp
Nnet¸mÄ) AhÀ ]dbp¶p: (Cu JpÀB³) ]qÀÆnI·mcpsS
]g¦YIfmWv. AXp apl½Zv FgpXn sh¨ncn¡pIbmWv. F¶n«v

56
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AXv Ahsâ ap¼n sh¨v cmhnsebpw sshIpt¶chpw hmbn¨p
tIĸn¡p¶p..... BcptStbm amcW¯n\p hnt[b\mb Hcp a\p
jys\ am{XamWp \n§Ä ]n´pScp¶Xv F¶pIqSn Cu B{Ian
IÄ ]dbp¶p.” (JpÀB³ 25:4þ8)
“(apl½Zv IhnbmsW¶mWtÃm asämcp hmZw. hmkvXh
¯nÂ) hgn]ng¨hcmWv IhnIsf ]n´pScpI.” (JpÀB³ 27:192)
apl½Znsâ Cu \ncq]IÀs¡m¶pw ]n¶oSv ]nSn¨p \n¡m³
IgnªnÃ. ‘{]hmNI’sâ ssk\yw Chscsbms¡ h[n¨pI
fªp. ]t£, AhÀ ]dªXp ]eXpw icnbmbncp¶p F¶mWv
C¶s¯ a\pjy\v tXm¶p¶Xv.

References:

1. klolp _pJmcn (kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa),.

lZokv : 3
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., lZokv : 4
4. Ibid., lZokv : 2
5. Ruch, Floyd. L, Psychology and Life, Bombay (1970) p. 488.
6. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv : 93
7. Ibid., lZokv : 221
8. Ibid., lZokv : 318
9. Ibid., lZokv : 1559
10. Ibid., lZokv : 1561
11. Ibid., lZokv : 1345
12. Ruch, Floyd. L., p. 492

57
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

4
apl½Znsâ IpSpw_PohnXw
CÉmw aXØm]I\mb apl½Zv \_n, {InkvXym\nIfpsS ]p
Wyhm·msctbm bqZ·mcpsS Nne {]hmNI·mtctbmt]mse
kÀÆ kwK]cnXymKnbmbncp¶nÃ. At±lw CÉmwaXcmjv{S
¯nsâ ]cam[nImcnbmb `cW¯eh\pw bp²X{´Ú\pw
Bbncp¶p. kv{XoItfbpw ssewKnI_Ôt¯bpw ]än At±l
¯n\v kz´w A`n{]mb§Ä D­mbncp¶p. ]n¡me¯v e£
¡W¡n\p kv{XoIsf ASna¯¯nemgv¯phm³ ImcWam¡n
bXv At±lw \nÀ½n¨ \nba§fmWv. AXn ]eXn\pw ImcW
ambn¯oÀ¶XmIs« At±l¯nsâ hnhmlPohnXw D­m¡nb
{]iv\§fpamWv. AXpsIm­v \_nbpsS IpSpw_PohnXs¯
ChnsS Aev]sam¶v hniIe\w sNt¿­nbncn¡p¶p.
Ccp]¯©mas¯ hbÊn \mev]XpImcnbpw [\mVybp
amb JZoPsb hnhmlw sNbvXpsIm­mWv apl½Zv IpSpw_
PohnXw Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. AXn\p ap¼v At±l¯n\v GsX¦nepw
t{]a_Ô§fp­mbncpt¶m Fs¶m¶pw \ap¡dnbnÃ. GXm
bmepw ]Xn\©p hbkn\p aq¸p IqSpXepw ap³ hnhml§fnÂ
GXm\pw Ip«nIfpsS A½bpambncp¶ B kv{Xobpsam¯pÅ
PohnXw henb A]mIXIsfm¶panÃmsX apt¼m«p t]mbn. kn.
C. 619þÂ, apl½Zn\v 48 hbÊpÅt¸mgmWv AhÀ A´cn¨Xv.
At¸mÄ AhÀ¡v 63 hbÊp­mbncp¶p. C¡mea{Xbpw apl½Zv
hnizkvX\mb `À¯mhmbncp¶p F¶mWv Ncn{XImc·mÀ ]dbp
¶Xv. AhcpsS acWtijw ]Xn\©p hÀj¡meta apl½Zv
Pohn¨pÅq. AXn\nSbn ]¯p hnhml§Ä Ign¡pIbpw \mep
sh¸m«nIsf kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\p ]pdta aäp \nc
58
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
h[n kv{XoIfpambn A¡me¯p _Ôs¸«p. F¦nepw PohnXm
´ywhsc JZoPsb¸änbpÅ HmÀ½ At±l¯nsâ a\Ên ]¨
]nSn¨p \n¶ncp¶psh¶v Xmsg D²cn¡p¶ lZokpIfn \n¶v
hyàamIpw.
“Abnim (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w: “JZoPm (d) bpsS Akq
bmhlamb \ne]mSn F\n¡p­mbncp¶ AkzmØyw Xncpta
\n (k) bpsS ]Xv\namcn HcmÄs¡Xncnepw F\n¡p­mbncp
¶nÃ. bYmÀ°¯n Rm³ JZoP (d)sb I­n«nÃ. ]t£,
Xncpta\n (k) Ahsc¡pdn¨p hfsctbsd kwkmcn¡mdp­m
bncp¶p. Nnet¸mÄ Xncpta\n (k) BSdp¯p Ahbh§sfÃmw
sh«n apdn¨v JZoPm (d) bpsS tXmgnamÀ¡v ]mcntXmjnIambn
sImSp¯b¡pw. CsXÃmw ImWpt¼mÄ Nnet¸mÄ Xncpta\n
(k) tbmSv Rm³ ]dbpw: temI¯v JZoPbnÃmsX Hcp kv{Xobpw
D­mbncp¶nsöv tXm¶patÃm.” At¸mÄ Xncpta\n (k) JZo
Pm (d)bpsS ØnXnKXnIÄ hÀWn¡m³ XpS§pw. A¡q«¯nÂ
‘F\n¡p k´m\§fp­mbXv AhcnemsW¶p Xncpta\n (k)
Acpfpw.’ asämcn¡Â Bbnim C§s\ A\pkvacn¸n¡p¶p.
‘JZoPm (d)bpsS ktlmZcn lme (d) Hcn¡Â h¶t¸mÄ Xncpta
\n (k)bpsS ASp¡Â {]thin¡phm³ k½Xw Bhiys¸«p.
s]s«¶p JZoPbmtWm A\phmZw tNmZn¡p¶sX¶p tXm¶n
Xncpta\n `b¶pt]mbn. F¶n«v AhnS¯v Acpfn: ‘AÃmlpth
CXp lmembtÃm’ Bbnim (d) ]dbp¶p: ‘At¸msg\n¡v JZo
Pm (d)bv¡v Xncpta\n (k) bpsS a\ÊnepÅ Øm\¯n Akp
Jw tXm¶n. Rm³ tNmZn¨p: “]Ãp hoWpt]mbn«v tamW Nph¶
Hcp Jpssdin hr²sb¡pdn¨v A§p¶v C{Xsbms¡ HmÀ¡ms\
´ncn¡p¶p? Ahsct¶m acn¨p t]mbn¡gnªncn¡p¶p. C¶v
At§bv¡v Ahtc¡mÄ D¯acmb ]Xv\namsc ]Icw X¶n
«p­tÃm.”1
BbnibpsS Cu hmZsam¶pw JZoPbv¡v At±l¯nsâ a\
ÊnepÅ Øm\w Ipdbv¡m³ ]cym]vXambnÃ. A_q^ssd ]d
bp¶p: “Hcn¡Â Pn_vcn Xncpta\n (k) bpsS ASp¡Â h¶n«p
]dªp: “ssZhZqXsc! JZoPm (d) CXm Xm¦fpsS ASp¡te¡p
hcp¶p. AhcpsS ssIbn Idn hnf¼nb Hcp ]m{Xap­v. (AsÃ
59
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¦n aämlmctam ]m\obtam). AhÀ Xm¦Â\n¶pw Fsâ
]¡Â\n¶pÅ ‘kemw’ Ahsc Adnbn¡pIbpw cXv\§ÄsIm
­p \nÀ½n¨ Hcp ku[w kzÀK¯n AhÀ¡p­mbncn¡p
sa¶p kt´mjhmÀ¯ Ahsc Adnbn¡pIbpw sNbvXmepw.”2
apl½Zn\p­mb Hcp ambm{`aamWnsX¶pÅ Imcy¯nÂ
kwibanÃ.
BbnibmWv apl½Znsâ ZznXob]Xv\n. JZoPbpsS acW
¯n\ptijw At±lw \ncmi\mbn Ignbp¶ Imew. Dkvam³
c­p \nÀt±i§Ä sh¨p; H¶pIn A_ps_¡dnsâ aIÄ
Bbnjsb Asæn hn[hbmb k_vZm_n³ kamsb Ieym
Ww Ign¡Wsa¶v. AXn BbnibpsS Imcy¯nemWv apl½
Zn\p Xm¸cyw tXm¶nbXv. ]t£. AhÄ¡t¸mÄ Bdp hb
tÊ D­mbncp¶pÅq. Ad_nIfpsS BNmc{]Imcw asämcmÄ¡v
B iniphns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp¡msa¶p k½Xn¡p
Ibpw sNbvXncp¶p. AXpsIm­v BZyw A_qs_¡dn\pw k½
Xap­mbncp¶nÃ. ]n¶oSv At±lw a\Êp amäpIbpw BZys¯
hnhml \nÝbw Dt]£n¨n«p \_n¡v Ahsf hnhmlw sNbvXp
sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At¸mÄ Bbnibv¡v Bdp hbÊpw
`À¯mhn\v A³]Xp hbÊpw Bbncp¶p {]mbw! Ifnt¡m¸pI
fpambn«mWv AhÄ `À¯mhnsâ ho«n t]mbXv. AhcpsS hnhm
lPohnX¯nsâ Bcw`L«s¯ Bbni C§s\ A\pkvacn
¡p¶p:
“F\n¡v Bdp hbÊpÅt¸mgmWv Xncpta\n (k) Fs¶ hnhm
lw sNbvXXv. ]n¶oSv R§Ä aZo\bnte¡v h¶p. AhnsS _
\qÂlmcokn_v\p JkvdPv tKm{X¯n Xmakn¨p. At¸mÄ
aZo\bnse ImemhØ ]nSn¡m¯XpsIm­v F\n¡p ]\n ]nSn
¨p. F¶n«v Fsâ apSnsbÃmw sImgnªpt]mbn. Ahkm\w
Fsâ Xebnse apSn sNhnhsc am{Xw Ahtijn¨p. A§s\
Hcn¡Â Fsâ amXmhv D½pdqam³ Fsâ ASp¡Â h¶p. Rm³
Fsâ tXmgnIfpsam¯v DuªmemSpIbmbncp¶p. Fsâ amXmhv
Fs¶ D¨¯n hnfn¨p. Rm\hcpsS ASp¡Â sN¶p. AhcpsS
Dt±iw F\n¡p a\ÊnembnÃ. Ahscsâ ssI ]nSn¨v Fs¶

60
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Hcp ho«p hmXn¡ sIm­pt]mbn \ndp¯n. ]cn{`aw aqew
Fsâ DÅp hn§m³ XpS§n. ]ns¶ AXS§n. ]n¶oSv AhÀ
Aev]w shÅsaSp¯v Fsâ apJ¯pw Xebnepw XpS¨p. A\
´cw Fs¶ B ho«n\pÅnte¡p sIm­pt]mbn. At¸mgXm
Ipsd A³kmcn kv{XoIÄ B ho«n kt½fn¨ncn¡p¶p. AhÀ
]dªp: “\n\¡p R§Ä t£ahpw ku`mKyhpw t\À¶psIm
Åp¶p. iq`e£W§tfmSpIqSnbmWv \o h¶ncn¡p¶Xv .”
Ahkm\w Fsâ amXmhpw Fs¶ AhÀt¡ev]n¨psImSp¯p.
Ahscs¶ Hcp¡n¨abn¨p. HSphn ]qÀÆmÓ¯n Xncpta\n
(k) AXm IS¶phcp¶p. AXpI­v F\n¡Â¸w `bw tXm¶n.
Ahkm\w B kv{XoIÄ Fs¶ Xncpta\n¡v G¸n¨psImSp
¯p. As¶\n¡v 9 hbÊmbncp¶p {]mbw.”3
XpSÀ¶pÅ H³]Xp hÀjw AhÄ \_nbpsS `mcybmbn
Xmakn¨p. Bbnibv¡v ]Xns\«p hbÊpÅt¸mÄ apl½Zv acn¨p.
At±l¯n\v temI¯n Gähpw CjvSapÅ hyàn Abnibm
bncp¶psh¶v Hcn¡Â At±lw ]dbpIbp­mbn. AhcpsS
aSnbn Xesh¨psIm­mWv apl½Zv acn¨Xpw. {]mbwIqSnb
JZoPbpambpw {]mbw Ipdª AbnibpambpapÅ _Ôw hfsc
kt´mjIcambncp¶p F¶p ]dbmdps­¦nepw Cu {]mb
hyXymkw apl½Znsâ a\Êns\ _m[n¨ncp¶p F¶p tXm¶p
¶p. kzÀKt¯¸än ]dbpt¼mÄ ka{]mb¡mcmb XcpWnIsf
bmWv AhnsS e`n¡p¶sX¶p ]dbp¶Xv AXpsIm­mWv.
\_nbpsS aäp `mcyamÀ Xmsg¸dbp¶hcmWv:
3. kuZ
4. Dadnsâ aIÄ l^vkm _ohn
5. ssk\_
6. D½pkÂa
7. ssk\_ (skbvZnsâ ap³`mcy)
8. Pqsshcnbm
9. D·ql_o_
10. ssaap\
11. k^n¿m

61
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
CXn\p ]pdta amcn¿m, XpÂIn_vXn¿, ssdlm\, kpsseJ
XpS§n \mep sh¸m«n (shÅm«n)Ifpw \_n¡p­mbncp¶p. C
Xn Nne hnhml§Ä hfsctbsd {]tXyIXIÄ DÅXmWv.
sskZnsâ `mcybmbncp¶ ssk\_sb \_n hnhmlw Ign¨Xv
A¡me¯pt]mepw {]iv\§fp­m¡n. ImcWw sskZv At±l
¯nsâ hfÀ¯p]p{X\mbncp¶p. ]p{X\pw ]p{X`mcybpw X½nÂ
sXänbt¸mÄ ]p{Xs\s¡m­v hnhmltamN\w \S¯n¨Xn\p
tijw apl½Zv ]p{X`mcysb hnhmlw Ign¨p ! Im«pPmXn¡mÀ
t]mepw sN¿m¯ Hcp \nIrjvSamb GÀ¸mSmWnsX¶pÅ Imcy
¯n BÀs¡¦nepw kwibap­mIptam Fs¶\n¡p kwib
amWv. BfpIÄ hnaÀin¨t¸mÄ \_n Hcp JpÀB³ hN\ap­m
¡n. X^vkodp JpÀB\n AXp hnhcn¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
(“]p{Xsâ ]Xv\nsb hnhmlw sNbvXpsh¶p ]dbp¶Xn P\
§sf Xm¦Ä `b¶p; Xm¦Ä `bs¸Sphm³ Gähpw AÀl³
AÃmlphs{X. A\´cw sskZv Ahsc XemJv sNmÃn AhcpsS
C±bpw Ignªp.) AÃmlp ]dbp¶p. A§s\ sskZv AhfnÂ
\n¶v Dt±i\nhr¯n hcp¯nbt¸mÄ Xm¦Ä¡hsf \mw hnhm
lw sNbvXpX¶p. kXyhnizmknIÄ¡v AhcpsS hfÀ¯p ]p{X
·mcpsS ]Xv\nIsf AhÀ Ahcn \n¶p Bhiyw \ndthän
(hnhmlw Ign¡p¶XnÂ) IpäanÃmXncn¡phm³ th­n AÃmlp
hnsâ Iev]\ {]mhÀ¯nIamt¡­XpXs¶.”4
aäp `mcyamcn ]ecpw bp²¯n ]nSns¨Sp¡s¸« kv{XoIfm
bncp¶p. A¡mes¯ Gähpw henb kpµcnIfpw tKm{XhÀK
t\Xm¡·mcpsS a¡tfm ktlmZcnamtcm Hs¡bmbncp¶p Ah
scÃmwXs¶. C§s\ C{Xam{Xw `mcyamcp­mbncp¶n«pw apl
½Zn\v Xr]vXn h¶nÃ. ]ns¶bpw At±l¯nsâ Bkàn hgn
hn«p k©cn¨psIm­ncp¶p. hnizmknIÄ¡v At±lwXs¶
\nÝbn¨p sh¨ \nba§sfsbÃmw AXv AXnÀIS¶p.
At¸mÄ apl½Zn\p am{Xamb Hcp Iev]\ D­m¡n:
“AÃtbm {]hmNItc! Xm¦Ä alÀ \ÂInbXmb Xm¦fpsS
`mcyamcn \n¶pw (AhnizmknIfn \n¶v bp²¯n ]nSn¡
s¸« k^n¿m, Pqsshcn¿m t]mepÅ) AÃmlp Xm¦Ä¡p \Â

62
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Inbn«pÅ Xm¦fpsS hewssI DSabm¡nbhscbpw Xm¦tfm
sSm¸w lnPvd sNbvX Xm¦fpsS ]nXrktlmZc]p{XnItfbpw
]nXrktlmZco]p{XnItfbpw Xm¦tfbpw hnizmkn\nbmb Hcp
kv{Xo Ahsf \_n¡p Zm\w sN¿pIbpw \_n Ahsf (alvÀ
IqSmsX) hnhmlw Ign¡phm³ Dt±in¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ ]£w
Ahsfbpw Xm¦Ä¡v \mw A\phZn¨ncn¡p¶p. (alvÀ IqSmsX
Zm\]Zw aptJ\bpÅ hnhmlw) aäp hnizmknIÄ¡nÃmsX Xm
¦Ä¡v {]tXyIamWv. AhcpsS (hnizmknIfpsS) ta AhcpsS
`mcyamcnepw AhcpsS hewssIIÄ DSabm¡nb shÅm«nIfn
epw \mw \nÀ_Ôam¡nbXv (\men IqSpXemIcpsX¶pw hen
¿pw km£nbpw alvdpanÃmsX hnhmlw sN¿cpsX¶pw aäpapÅ
hn[nIÄ) \nÝbw \mw Adnªncn¡p¶p. Xm¦fpsS ta (hnhm
l¯nÂ) hnjaanÃmXncn¡p¶Xn\p th­n AÃmlp hfsc
s]mdp¡p¶h\pw IcpWsN¿p¶h\pas{X.”5
Cu JpÀB³ hN\w {i²tbmsS hmbn¨m \_nbpsS kzm
[o\¯nepw \nb{´W¯nepap­mbncp¶Xpw, At±lw ssewKn
I_Ôw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶hcpamb kv{XoIfpsS kwJy F{Xam
{Xambncp¶psh¶v hyàamIpw. ]nXrktlmZctâbpw ktlmZ
cnbptSbpw amXrktlmZctâbpw ktlmZcnbpsSbpw s]¬a
¡Ä XpS§n _Ô¯nepÅ kIe s]®p§fpw bp² ¯ShpIm
cmb kv{XoIfpw am{XaÃ, BÀs¡¦nepw \_ntbmSp Xmev]cyw
tXm¶nbm Ahcpw! C³Uy³ ]pcmW§fnse {io IrjvWs\
t¸mepw C¡mcy¯n \_n IS¯n sh«nbncn¡pIbmWv .
C\nbpw C{Xtbsd kv{XoIfpambn F§s\ HcmÄ ssewKnI_
Ôw ]peÀ¯psa¶v kwibw tXm¶mw. AXn\pw lZokpIfnÂ
D¯cap­v. Hcp`mKw ImWpI:
“A\kv (d)Â \n¶p \nthZ\w: Xncpta\n Xsâ ]Xv\namsc
Ãmhscbpw cm{Xntbm ]Item Hscmä aWn¡qdn\pÅnÂ
kµÀin¡mdp­mbncp¶p. B ]Xv\namÀ ]Xns\m¶p t]cp­m
bncp¶p þHcp dnt¸mÀ«n H¼sX¶pw ]dªn«p­vþ “A§s\
A{Xb[nIw kv{XoIfpambn klhkn¡m³ Xncpta\n¡p Ign
bptam” sb¶p A\knt\mSp NneÀ tNmZn¨p. “ap¸Xp t]cpsS

63
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
iàn Xncpta\n¡v AÃmlp \ÂInbn«ps­¶v R§Ä ]dbmdp
­mbncp¶p” F¶mWv l{k¯v A\kv AXn\p adp]Sn ]d
ªXv.6
Cu hnhcWw icnbmsW¦n kvIntkmt{^\nbmbv¡p ]pd
sa kssädnbmknkv (Satyriasis) F¶ ssewKnI AhØ IqSn
apl½Zn\p­mbncp¶p F¶p IcptX­nbncn¡p¶p. ]pcpj·m
cn ImWp¶ AanXamb ssewKnImkàn¡mWv kssädnbm
knkv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. ssewKnI{KÙnIfpsS {]hÀ¯\wsIm
­mWv Cu ssewKnI AhØ D­mIp¶Xv. kwt`mK§Ä
C¯c¡mcpsS ssewKnImkàn hÀ²n¸n¡pItbbpÅp. 7
CsXms¡bmsW¦nepw `mcyamsc apgph³ Xr]vXns¸Sp¯m³
X\n¡p Ignbptam F¶ kwibhpw apl½Zn\p­mbncp¶p.
AXpsIm­v AhÀ ]c]pcpj_Ô¯n GÀs¸Sptam F¶pw
At±lw `b¶p. apl½Znsâ ho«n AXnYnIÄ sNÃp¶Xns\
Jpdm³ C§s\ \nb{´n¡p¶p: “AÃtbm hnizmknItf! {]hmN
I `h\¯n `£W¯n\mbn (£Wn¡pI hgn {]thin¡p¶
Xn¶p) A\phZn¨m HgnsI \n§Ä {]thin¡cpXv. `£Ww
]mIamIp¶Xp Im¯ncn¡p¶hcÃm¯ ØnXnbn (At¸mÄ
\n§Ä¡p {]thin¡mw). ]t£ \n§Ä £Wn¡s¸«m \n
§Ä {]thin¡pI. F¶m \n§Ä `£Ww Ign¨m ]ncnªp
t]mhpIbpw sN¿pI. \n§Ä (]ckv]cw) Ipiew ]dbphm\mbn
X§n\n¡cpXv. XoÀ¨bmbpw B (Xmakw) \_nsb _p²nap«n
¡pw. At¸mÄ (\n§sf ]pd¯m¡p¶Xn\v) AhnSp¶p eÖn
¡pw. AÃmlp kXys¯¡pdn¨p (\n§sf ]pd¯m¡p¶XnÂ)
eÖn¡pIbnÃ. (AXns\ hnhcn¡p¶Xns\ Hgnhm¡p¶nÃ.
AhtcmSv {]hmNI ]Xv\namtcmSv) \n§Ä hà km[\hpw
tNmZn¡p¶psh¦n adbv¡p ]n¶n \n¶p tNmZn¡pI. AXm
Wv \n§fpsS lrZb§Ä¡pw AhcpsS lrZb§Ä¡pw Gähpw
ip²n. AÃmlphnsâ ZqXsc ieys¸Sp¯tem At±l¯nsâ
tijw Xsâ `mcyamsc hnhmlw Ign¡tem Hcn¡epw \n§Ä
¡p ]mSpÅXÃ. \nÝbambpw AXv AÃmlphn¦Â `b¦c
]mXIamWv.”8

64
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
aäp ]pcpj·mÀ ho«n sNÃp¶Xpt]mepw apl½Zn\p `bam
bncp¶p F¶mWtÃm CXp ImWn¡p¶Xv. At±l¯nsâ `mcy
amtcmSv BÀs¡¦nepw kwkmcn¡Wsa¦n adbv¡p ]n¶nÂ
\n¶p thWw! ImcWw hr²\mb apl½Zv ssIhiw sh¨ncn
¡p¶ kv{XoIÄ¡pw am\pjnIamb hnImc§Ä D­mIpsa¶pw
kµÀ`w In«nbm AkwXr]vXamb B hnImc§Ä Nnds]m«n
sbmgpIpsa¶pw At±l¯n¶dnbmambncp¶p.
apl½Znsâ \nb{´WanÃm¯ ssewKnIPohnX¯nte¡v
shfn¨w hoip¶ ckIcamb Nne kw`h§fpw JpÀB\nÂ
hnhcn¨n«p­v.
“AÃtbm {]hmNItc! AÃmlp \n§Ä A\phZn¨Xns\
(Xm¦fpsS shÅm«n amcn¿¯p In_v¯n¿sb) l^vkbpsS
`h\¯n sh¨v l^vk CÃmXncp¶ kµÀ`¯n \_n Ahsc
kwtbmKw sNbvXp. AhÀ h¶t¸mÄ shÅm«n Xsâ ho«nepw
hncn¸nepap­mbXv AhÀ¡p hnjaambnt¯m¶n. XpSÀ¶v F\n
¡Xp ldmamsW¶p Xm¦Ä ]dªt¸mÄ Xm¦fpsS ]Xv\nam
cpsS Xr]vXnsb Imw£n¨v Xm¦sf´n\mWv \njn²am¡p¶Xv?
AÃmlp Xm¦Ä¡v (Cu ldmam¡Â) s]mdp¡p¶h\pw IcpW
sN¿p¶h\pas{X.”9
\_nbpsS Cu {]hr¯nbn l^vkbpw Bbnibpw {]Xn
tj[n¨p. At¸mÄ \_n ]dªXv, th­nh¶m Ahsc hnhm
ltamN\w sNbvXp Ifbpsa¶mWv.10 CÉmwaX cmjv{S¯nsâ
Xeh\mWv C§s\ ]dbp¶Xv. AhÀ `bs¸«v HXp§pIbÃm
sX F´mWp amÀKw?
{InkvXym\nIfpw bqZ·mcpw a\pjysâ ssewKnI hnImcs¯
GXm­v tamiamb coXnbnemWv ho£n¨ncp¶sX¶pw apl½Zv
AXn\v AÀlamb A´Êpw {]m[m\yhpw \ÂInsb¶pÅXpw
ChnsS kvacWobamWv. ]s£, skIvkv BkzZn¡m\pÅ Ah
Imiw ]pcpj\p am{Xta At±lw \ÂInbpÅr. kv{Xosb ]qÀ
Wambpw AhKWn¨p.

65
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
References:

1. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv: 1532

2. Ibid., lZokv: 1531
3. Ibid., lZokv: 1547
4. X^vkodp JpÀ B³ 33:37
5. Ibid., 33:50
6. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv: 187
7. Swaroop, Dr. R., Amazing Abnormalities of Love and Sex Life,
New Delhi (1975), p. 90
8. X^vkodp JpÀB³ 33:53
9. Ibid., 66:1
10. Ibid., 66:5

66
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

5
JpÀB³
apl½Zv \_n¡v, At±l¯nsâ 41 apXÂ 63 hscbpÅ hbÊp
IÄ¡nSbn ‘kÀhià\mb AÃmlp’hn \n¶p In«nb
ktµi§fmWv JpÀB³ F¶mWv apÉo§fpsS hnizmkw.
AXnsâ B[nImcnIXsb¡pdn¨v JpÀB\n Xs¶ ]e Øe
¯pw Du¶nbq¶n ]dbp¶p:
“\nÝbambpw Cu JpÀB³ kÀÆtemI c£nXmhv AhXcn
¸n¨XpXs¶bmWv. \nsâ lrZb¯n AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv
‘AÀdqlp Aao³’ (hnizkvXmßmhv) BWv. A§s\ sNbvXXv
temIP\Xbv¡v \o Xm¡oXp \ÂIphm\mWv. kv]jvSamb Ad
_n`mjbnemWv (CXv AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv). CXv, (Cu JpÀ
B³ AYhm CXnsâ aqekn²m´§Ä) ]qÀÆkapZmb§fpsS
thZ§fnepw FSp¯p ImWn¨n«p­v.”1
ssZhw Xs¶bmWv JpÀB³ FgpXnbsX¶v asämcp `mK
¯pw hyàam¡p¶p.
“BImi§fnepw `qanbnepapÅ FÃm clky§fpw Adnbp
¶h\mWv Cu JpÀB³ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv.”2
C§s\ AhXcn¸n¨Xv kzÀK¯n AS¨p kq£n¨ncn¡p¶
{KÙ¯n \n¶msW¶pw3 a\pjyÀ¡v a\Ênem¡m³ th­n
bmWv Ad_n`mjbn FgpXs¸«sX¶pw aäpw Nne hmIy§
fn ImWmw. ssZhw FgpXn kzÀK¯n sh¨ncn¡p¶ hnip²
{KÙ¯nsâ `mKamWv JpÀB³ F¶pÅXpsIm­v AXp hnhÀ
¯\w sN¿m³ ]mSnsöpw AapÉo§fpsS ssIbn AXv F
¯mXncn¡m³ {ian¡Wsa¶pw bmYmØnXnI apÉo§Ä ]d
ªph¶p. ASp¯ Ime¯v ]c¸\§mSnbn \n¶v {]kn²oI

67
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
cn¨ X^vkodp JpÀBsâ apJhpcbn ]dbp¶p:
“Cu ]cn`mj apÉo§sf am{Xw Dt±in¨v FgpXs¸«XmWv.
AXn\m I¨hSw aptJ\tbm aäp hn[¯ntem AapÉo§Ä¡v
CXp sImSp¡cpsX¶pw AhcpsS Ic§fn F¯nt¨cphm³
CShcp¯cpsX¶pw \Ãhcmb FÃmhtcmSpw DZvt_m[n¸n¨p
sImÅp¶p. CXns\ kw_Ôn¨ {]o ]»nt¡j³ ]ckyw ]{X
]wànbn {]Xy£s¸«t¸mÄ Nne AapÉow kplr¯p¡Ä
CXnsâ {]km[ItcmSv Bhiys¸«Xn¶v am\yamb adp]Sn
Ab¨v Ahsc kam[m\s¸Sp¯pIbmWv sNbvXXv. AhÀ¡m
s¡¦nepw _p¡psN¿pItbm hnev]\ \S¯pItbm sNbvXn«nÃ.
JpÀB³ 56 : 79þÂ ip²nbnÃmsX JpÀB³ kv]Àin¡cpsX
¶mWtÃm. AXn hepXpw sNdpXpamb FÃm Aip²nIfpw
s]Spw. F¶m X^vkodpIfnepÅ A£c§Ä AXnse JpÀ
Bsâ A£c§tf¡mÄ IqSpXemsW¦n hpkp CÃmsX
FSp¡mw. alXztadnbXpw BZcWobhpw {]]©\mYsâ hmIy
hpamb ]cnip² JpÀB³ ip²w IqSmsX kv]Àin¡epw FSp
¡epw aen\Øe§fnepw hr¯nsI« CS§fnepw CSpItbm
shbv¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xpw CXc{KÙ§sft¸mse hµ\bpw
_lpam\hpw IqSmsX D]tbmKn¡p¶Xpw AXnsâ ]hn{XX
tbmSpw amlmßyt¯mSpw H«pwXs¶ tbmPn¨XÃ. AapÉo§Ä
¡Xv sImSp¡phm³ ]mSpÅXpaÃ. AhÀ sNdptXm heptXm
Bb Aip²nbpÅhcmbncn¡psa¶Xn\p ]pdta AXnsâ t\sc
A\mZchp ImWn¡pIbnsöp hnizkn¡mhXpaÃtÃm.”5
AapÉo§sfms¡ Aip²nbpÅhcmbXpsIm­v AhÀ¡v
hn¡cpsX¶v apJhpcbn ]dªpsIm­v {]kn²oIcn¨ X^v
kodp JpÀB³, aebmf¯nemsW¦nepw Ad_nt]mse Ah
km\s¯ t]Pn \n¶p ]pdtIm«mWv ASn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. JpÀ
Bt\mSp _Ôs¸« acymZIÄ AXnsâ BZy`mK¯p sImSp
¯n«pÅXnÂ\n¶p Nne `mK§Ä D²cn¡mw.
1. “ip²ntbmSpIqSnbÃmsX AXns\ sXmSmXncn¡pI. 2. JpÀ
B³ ]mcmbWw sN¿phm³ Dt±in¡p¶h³ AXn¶mbn Xsâ
hmb hr¯nbm¡pIbpw ankvhm¡v D]tbmKn¡pIbpw sN¿pI.

68
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
3. sNmÆn Ccp¶psIm­v HmXpIbpw tNÀ¶ncn¡mXncn¡pIbpw
sN¿pI. 4. `cWm[nImcnIfpsSbSp¡Â {]thin¡pt¼msg¶
Xpt]mse AgImÀ¶ hkv{Xw [cn¡pI. ImcWw Xsâ c£nXm
hpambn kwkmcn¡pIbmWtÃm. 5. Jn_ve¡`napJambncn¡pI.
6. tIm«phmbv CSpIbmsW¦n AXp amdp¶Xphsc Hm¯p
\nÀ¯pI. ImcWw AXp ]nimNnsâ ]¡Â \n¶pÅXmWv......
12. apkvl^v DbÀ¶p ip²nbpÅ Øet¯m aSn¯«ntem sh
bv¡pI. 13. ]eIbn \n¶pw JpÀB³ Xp¸p\ocpsIm­p ambv
¡mXncn¡pI. F¶m AXp shÅwsIm­p IgpIWw. IgpInb
shÅw tcmKia\apt±in¨p ]m\w sN¿pItbm BfpIÄ Nhn«m
¯ ip²nbpÅ Øe¯v adbv¡pItbm sN¿Ww...... 15. AXnsâ
]hn{XXbv¡p lm\nIcambhn[w sXcphpIfn sh¨pw hnt\mZ
Øe§fn sh¨pw t`mj·mcpsS kZÊpIfn \n¶pw HmXmXn
cn¡pI.....”
JpÀB³ A¨Sn¨ ISemkns\t¸mepw Bcm[n¡p¶ Cu
kz`mhw hn{Klmcm[\bsæn ]ns¶´mWv? B {KÙw Xp¸p
\ocpsIm­p ambn¡cpsX¶pw IgpInb shÅw tcmKia\apt±
in¨p ]m\w sN¿Wsa¶pw ]dbp¶Xv, inhenwK¯n A`ntj
Iw sNbvX shÅw IpSn¡Wsa¶pw \nÀt±in¡p¶Xpt]mse
Xs¶bmWv. C\n AapÉo§Ä¡v JpÀB³ sImSp¡cpsX¶
\nÀt±it¯msS BXp {]kn²oIcn¨Xns\¸än C.sI. lk³
apkenbn ]dbp¶p:
“AapÉo§Ä¡v ssIhiam¡m³ FÃm ]mIXbpw km[yX
bpw hgnbpw sh¨psImSp¡pIbpw Rm³ apJhpcbn sImSp¡
cpsX¶v D]tZin¨psh¶v ]dbpIbpw sN¿p¶Xp ImWpt¼mÄ
\¼qXncnbptSbpw Ipdhtâbpw Ncn{XamWv HmÀ½ hcp¶Xv.
IYbnXmWv. Hcp \¼qXncn cmhnse IShn Ipfn¡m\nd§n.
Hcp Ipdh³ Hcmasb ]nSn¨v Ipd¨p NheIq«n NpSpIbmWv. Nh
eIÄ I¯n NqSp]nSn¨p hcpt¼mÄ Ba ssIIm ]pd¯n«v
HmSn¡fbpw. HmSpt¼mÄ ]ns¶bpw ]nSn¨v XobnenSpw. Ipd¨pIqSn
NheIq«n Xo I¯n¡pw. ]ns¶bpw NqSp]nSn¡pt¼mÄ Ba
\S¡pw. C§s\ \«w Xncnbp¶ Ipdhsâ ASp¡Âsh¨v

69
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\¼qXncn C§s\ Acpfn. ‘Bta NpSpt¼mÄ aeÀ¯n¨pSWw.’
Ipdh³ CXptI«v Basb ]nSn¨p aeÀ¯nbn«p Xo Iq«n. I¯nbm
fp¶ Xobn Xebpw ssIImepIfpw \o«n Ba ]nSbp¶XpI­
\¼qXncn ssIaeÀ¯n. “At¿m! ssZhta Rm³ thZtamXnb
XmtW” F¶p ]dªp. Basb sImÃm³ hgnIm«ns¡mSp¯p.
AXn\m Nmhp¶ BabpsS ]m]¯n \n¶v Rm³ thZtam
XnbXmtW ssZhta F¶p ]dªp XSnX¸m³ {ian¨ \¼qXncn
c£s]Sptam? CÃ. F¶Xpt]mse AapÉo§Ä¡p sImSp¡Â
IpäamWv, ]m]amWv F¶p hnizkn¡p¶ sI.hn. AhÀ¡v ssI
hiam¡m\pw hmbn¡m\pw km[yamIp¶ coXnbnepw ]mIX
bnepw FgpXn hgn Xpd¶psh¨v, Rm³ apJhpcbn sImSp¡cp
sX¶p]tZin¨n«ps­¶p ]dªm B Ipä¯n \n¶p c£
s]Sm³ hymtamln¡etÃ?”6
AapÉo§fpsS ssIbn In«nbmÂ, Ipdhsâ ssIbnse Ba
t]msebmIpsa¶p ]dbp¶ apÉymÀ¡v JpÀBt\¸än henb
aXn¸p­mhpIbnÃ. ImcWw ssZh¯m FgpXs¸«Xpw kzÀ
K¯nencn¡p¶ aqe{KÙ¯nsâ ]IÀ¸pamb JpÀB³ AapÉo
§Ä hmbn¨m AXnsâ {]m[m\yw F§s\ CÃmXmIpw? aäp
aX¡mÀ CÉmwaXs¯¸än ]Tn¡Wsa¦n ]ns¶sb§s\
Ignbpw? GsX¦nepw auehn ]dbp¶Xv {]mamWnIambn AwKo
Icn¡tWm? AÃmlp Cd¡nb hnip² {KÙamWv JpÀB³ F
¦n AXp aäpÅhÀ ImWp¶Xn F´mWv `bs¸Sm³? lʳ
apkenbmÀ am{XaÃ, ]ÞnX\mb auem\m aÀlqwimenbm
¯nbpw JpÀB³ aäpÅhÀ¡p \ÂIp¶Xns\Xncmbncp¶p.
At±lw ]dbp¶p:
“hnip² JpÀB³ aäpÅhÀ¡v F¯n¨psImSp¡pI F¶Xn
sâ hmen Xq§ns¡m­v JpÀBs\ CXc`mjIfn ]cn`mj
s¸Sp¯n A\yaXØÀ¡nSbn hnXcWw sN¿phm³ Ad_nI
fnepw A\d_nIfnepw ]pXmbn DSseSp¯Xpw \m\m`mK§fnÂ
\n¶pw bphm¡sf BIÀjn¨Xpamb apg¡w h¼n¨ \mi§fnÂ
s]«XmWv.”7
asämcp aX]ÞnX³ ]dbp¶p: “JpÀB\nsâ H¶nt\bpw

70
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
XÀÖa sN¿m³ Pm Ckà ldmamWv.”8
“JpÀB³ AÃmlp Cd¡nbXv.. B Ad_nbmb JpÀB³
A\y`mjbn XÀÖa ]mSnÃ.”9
C§s\ XÀÖa ]mSnsöp ]dªv bmYmØnI·mÀ _l
fw Iq«p¶ps­¦nepw D¸XnjvWp¡fmb apÉo§Ä hnhn[
`mjIfn AXp hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn«p­v. Ct¸mÄ XÀÖa
]mSnsöp ]dbp¶Xpt]mse ap¼v JpÀB³ A¨Sn¡p¶Xns\
Xncmbpw ]ecpw kacw sNbvXn«p­v. ]Xn\mdmw iXI¯nÂ
JpÀB³ BZyw A¨Sn¡p¶Xv tdmanemWv. {]máns\kv {_nIv
knsb³knkv (Pragninus Brixiensis) Fs¶mcmfmWv Cu kmlk
¯n\p ]pds¸«Xv. At±lw FÃm FXnÀ¸pIsfbpw AhKWn¨p
sIm­v JpÀB³ A¨Sn¨p. ]t£, AXp hnXcWw sN¿m³
bmYmØnXnIÀ k½Xn¨nÃ. ]n¶oSv 1964þ PÀ½\nbnÂ, lm\n
s¡Âam³ (Hanickelman) JpÀB³ PÀ½\nbn A¨Sn¨v hnXc
Ww sNbvXp.
]{´­mw iXI¯n ¢wKv F¶ Øes¯ B{iam[n]sâ
\nÀt±i{]Imcw emän³ `mjbnemWv BZyw JpÀB\nsâ hnhÀ
¯\w D­mbXv. 1543þ _mkvsebn³ asämcp hnhÀ¯\hpw
D­mbXmbn ImWp¶p. XpSÀ¶v PÀ½³, U¨v, {^©v, Cw¥ojv,
DÀZp XpS§n ]e `mjIfnepw JpÀB³ hnhÀ¯\§Ä D­m
bn. Cw¥ojn Ct¸mÄ \nch[n JpÀB³ hnhÀ¯\§Ä e
`yamWv. Ad_n aqet¯mSp IqSnbpw A¡q«¯nep­v. CsXms¡
BÀ¡pw hmbn¡mw. F¶ncns¡ aebmf¯n CXp hnhÀ¯\w
sN¿p¶Xn NneÀ {]Xntj[n¡p¶sX´n\mWv? Aimkv{Xo
bhpw Ime¯n\p tNcm¯hbpamb \nch[n hnhc§Ä JpÀB
\n DÅXpsIm­v, AsXms¡ km[mcW¡mÀ hmbn¨mÀ aX
¯n\v Zqjyw sN¿pw F¶ tXm¶emIWw Cu hntcm[¯n\p
ImcWw.
GXmbmepw aebmf¯nepw JpÀB\v hnhn[ hnhÀ¯\§Ä
D­mbn«p­v. AXn kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbptSXn\mWv
XmcXtay\ IqSpXÂ AwKoImcw In«nbn«pÅXv. JpÀBsâ
XÀÖa ]pd¯p sIm­phcm³ tIcfobÀ \nch[n {]bmk§Ä

71
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
t\cn«n«p­v. auehn ]dbp¶p:
“]cnip² JpÀB³ aebmf¯n hnhÀ¯\w sN¿p¶Xv
CjvSs¸Sm¯ bmYmØnXnI ]ÞnX·mcpsS Xpdn¨p t\m«am
bncp¶p C{Xbpw Imew ]cn`mj ]pd¯phcmXncn¡m³ ImcWw.
GXm­v 70þ80 sImÃw ap¼v I®qcv Adbv¡Â sIm«mc¯nse
amb³Ip«n Ffb JpÀB³ apgph\pw Ad_n aebmf en]nbnÂ
]cn`mjs¸Sp¯n {]kn²oIcn¨p. DSs\ bmYmØnXnI ]ÞnX
kaqlw H¶S¦w AXp _lnjvIcn¡phm³ kapZmb¯n\p IÂ
¸\ sImSp¯p. A§s\ AXp ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n. JpÀB³ ]cn`m
js¸Sp¯p¶Xp \njn²amsW¶mbncp¶p AhcpsS [mcW.
]n¶oSv tImgnt¡m«v enätd¨À kanXn AXn\p apXnÀ¶p. DSs\
AXm ]ÞnX·mcpsS Ggp ‘^¯h’(aXhn[n)IÄ! 1936þÂ JpÀ
B³ apgph³ ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯n ]pd¯nd¡phm³ ]tcX\mb
apl½Zv A_vZpÄ dlvam³ kmtl_n\v ss\kmw {SÌv (sslZcm
_mZv) 25000 cq] A\phZn¨p. B hmÀ¯ AÂþAao³ ]{X¯nÂ
h¶p. DSs\ At±l¯nsâ cmjv{Sob {]XntbmKnIÄ \qdp IW
¡n I¼nIfpw I¯pIfpw Ab¨v AXv ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯n¨p.”10
1961þÂ kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS JpÀB³ ]cn`mj
]pd¯ph¶p. AXn\ptijamWv tIcf \Zvh¯p apPmlnZnsâ
hnhÀ¯\w hcp¶Xv. CXn\p]pdta sI.hn. apl½Zv apÉymcpw
Hcp XÀÖa {]kn²oIcn¨p. kp¶nIfpsS hIbmbn ]n¶oSv
X^vkodp JpÀB³ F¶ ]pkvXIhpw ]pd¯p h¶p. Sn.sI.
A_vZpÃm auehnbmWv AXnsâ hnhÀ¯I³. Cu hnhÀ¯
\§Ä XmcXays¸Sp¯n t\m¡nbm kzÀK¯n \n¶pw AÃm
lp Cd¡nbXmsW¶p ]dbp¶ JpÀBs\ AhÀ kz´w Xmev]
cya\pkcn¨v F§s\sbms¡ hfs¨mSn¨n«ps­¶p ImWmw.
H¶pc­v DZmlcW§Ä Xmsg tNÀ¡mw.
Sn.sI. A_vZpÅm auehnbpsS hnhÀ¯\w: “A§s\ Pn
{_n AhcpsS Ip¸mbamdn DuXn. At¸mÄ Xsâ DZc¯nÂ
cq]w {]m]n¨ KÀ`[mcWw AhÀ Adnªp. A§ns\ AhÀ
AXns\ KÀ`w [cn¨p. At¸mÄ AhÀ AXpambn (Xsâ _Ôp¡
fn \n¶pw) Zqcamb Hcp Øet¯¡p \o§n.”11

72
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS hnhÀ¯\w: A§s\
AhÄ B Ip«nsb (Akm[mcW \ne¡p KÀ`w [cn¡pIbpw
AXp ad¨pshbv¡phm³ th­n) B KÀ`hpwsIm­v Zqsc Hcp
Øe¯pt]mbn Häs¸«p Xmakam¡pIbpw sNbvXp.”12
Cukm \_n (tbip)bpsS P\\t¯¸än ]dbp¶ `mKamWv
apIfn sImSp¯Xv. adnb¯nsâ amdnÂ, ae¡v DuXnsb¶v
]d bm³ A_vZpÅm auehn¡v aSnbnÃ. F¶m Al½Zv aue
hnbpsS hnhÀ¯\w hmbn¨m asäm¶mWv tXm¶pI. CXp
t]mse ckIcamb asämcp `mKw IqSn Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.
A_vZpÅm auehnbpsS XÀÖa: “AÃtbm {]hmNIsc!
AÃmlp \n§Ä A\phZn¨Xns\ Xm¦fpsS ]Xv\namcpsS Xr]v
Xnsb Imw£n¨v Xm¦sf´n\mWv \njn²am¡p¶Xv? AÃmlp
Xm¦Ä¡v s]mdp¡p¶h\pw IcpW sN¿p¶h\pas{X.”13
Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa: “Hm, \_o \o \nsâ `mcyam
cpsS {]oXn B{Kln¨p sIm­v AÃmlp \n\¡v A\phZn¨pX
¶Xv \osb´n\mWv \njn²am¡n shbv¡p¶Xv? AÃmlp hf
sctbsd s]mdp¡p¶h\pw ]caImcpWnI\pamWv. ”14
Cu hmIy§Ä X½n henb hyXymkanÃ. CXnsâ ]n¶n
epÅ IY c­p auehnamcpw sImSp¡p¶nS¯mWv AZv`pXI
camb hyXymkw ImWp¶Xv. c­pt]cptSbpw hymJym\§Ä
t\m¡pI.
A_vZpÅm auehnbpsS hymJym\w: “Xm¦fpsS shÅm«n
amcn¿¯p Jo_v¯n¿sb l^vkbpsS `h\¯nÂsh¨v. l
^vk CÃmXncp¶ kµÀ`¯n \_n Ahsc kwtbmKw sN
bvXp. AhÀ h¶t¸mÄ shÅm«n Xsâ ho«nepw hncn¸nepap­m
bXv AhÀ¡p hnjaambnt¯m¶n.”15
Al½Zv auehnbpsS hymJym\w: “\_n (k) AkÀ \a
kvImctijw Xsâ `mcyamcpsS XmakØe§Ä kµÀin¡pI
]Xnhmbncp¶p. Hcn¡Â ssk\_m _ohnbpsS apdnbn sN¶
t¸mÄ AhÀ \_n¡v Aev]w tX³ k¡cn¨p. XpSÀ¶pÅ
Znhk§fnepw AXp sImSp¯psIm­ncp¶p. Bbnim _ohn,
l^vk _ohn F¶nhÀ hfsc kvt\l_Ô¯nembncp¶p. Cu

73
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
tX\nsâ IYbdnªt¸mÄ AhÀ¡Xv cpNn¨nÃ. Cu k¡mcw
\nÀ¯phm³ AhÀ ¹m\n«p. \_n ssk\_bpsS apdnhn«v Ch
cpsS ASp¡Â hcpt¼mÄ ‘Xm¦fpsS hmbn Ft´m ZpÀKÔ
ap­tÃm’ F¶p ]dbpI þ CXmbncp¶p ¹m³. Hcn¡Â AhÀ
\_nsb C§s\ DWÀ¯n. \_n¡v ]cn{`aambn. taen B
tX³ Ign¡pIbnsöv l^vk m _ohntbmSv \_n kXyw
sNbvXpd¸n¨p ]dªp.”16
HcmÄ tX³ Ign¨ ImcyamWv ]dbp¶Xv. asämcmÄ Hcp sh¸m
«nbpambn \S¶ kwtbmK¯nsâ IYbpw hnhcn¡p¶p ! tX³
Ign¡epw kwtbmKw sN¿epw H¶msW¶p thWsa¦n ChÀ
¡p hmZn¡mw! ]t£, l^vkbpsS ho«nemWv kw`hw \S¡p¶
sX¶v A_vZpÅm auehn ]dbpt¼mÄ AXv ssk\_bpsS
ho«nÂsh¨mWv kw`hn¨sX¶v Al½Zv auehn ]dbp¶p. CXp
t]mse JpÀB³ hnhÀ¯\§fnepw hymJym\§fnepw
\nch[n sshcp²y§Ä ImWmw. AhsbÃmw ChnsS D²cn
t¡­ ImcyanÃ.
FgpXs¸«sX§s\?
apl½Zn\v AÃmlp AhXcn¸n¨psImSp¯XmWv JpÀB³ F
¶mWtÃm apÉo§fpsS hnizmkw. GXp hn[¯nemWv Cu
ZÀi\§Ä D­mbXpw JpÀB³ At±l¯n\p In«nbXpw
F¶pÅXns\¸än asämcp A[ymb¯n hniZambn ]dªn
«p­v. C t¸mÄ \ap¡v Adntb­Xv Ah F§s\ t{ImUoI
cn¡s¸«p F¶mWv. AXmXp kab¯v \_n¡p tXm¶p¶
Bib§Ä Ipdn¨pshbv¡phm³ At±lw Fgp¯pImsc \nban
¨ncp¶p. ]t£, AhÀ FgpXnsh¨Xv C¶t¯Xpt]mse ISem
kneÃ. tIcf \Zz¯p apPmlnZn³ {]kn²oIcn¨ JpÀBsâ
apJhpcbn \n¶pXs¶ {]kàamb Hcp `mKw D²cn¡mw:
“A¡me¯v FgpXphm\pÅ D]IcW§Ä, Cu´¸\bpsS
hoXnbpÅ aSÂ, ac¡jWw, tXm¡jWw, I\wIpdª IÃv,
FÃv BZnbmb I­w Xp­w hkvXp¡fmbncp¶p. At¸mÄ
JpÀBâ apgph³ `mKtam GXm\pw `mKtam FgpXnsh¨n«pÅ
HcmfpsS ]¡Â tIhew Hcp ]pkvXIaà D­mbncn¡pI.

74
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AXmXp kab¯p Xcs¸«p In«nb C¯cw Nne hkvXp¡fpsS
kaqlambncn¡pw. AXpsIm­v Ah Hcp XeapXÂ atä Xe
hsc {Ias¸Sp¯nshbv¡phm³ {]bmkambncn¡pw....”17
JpÀB³ apgph³ lrZnØam¡nsh¨ncp¶ BfpIfpw A¶p
[mcmfambncp¶p. \_nbpw Cu JpÀB³ ]mcmbW¡mcnÂ
]ecpw acn¨t¸mÄ AXv tcJs¸Sp¯nshbvt¡­Xv Bhiy
ambn. H¶mas¯ Jeo^bmb A_q_¡dnsâ Ime¯v ssk
Zv_v \pXm^n¯v F¶bmsf JpÀ B³ tiJcn¡m³ At±lw
\nban¨p. apl½Znsâ Bib§Ä FgpXnshbv¡p¶Xn At±
ls¯ klmbn¨psIm­ncp¶bmfmWv km_n¯v. At±lw
AXp tiJcn¨Xv ap¼p ]dª I­w Xp­w hkvXp¡fn \n
¶pw JpÀB³ a\x]mTam¡nsh¨hcn \n¶pamWv. JpÀB³
C¶p ImWp¶ kwhn[m\w D­m¡nbXpw km_n¯mWv. C§
s\ kamlcn¡s¸« JpÀB\v, A_qs_¡À ‘apkvl^v’ F¶p
\maIcWw sNbvXp. c­p N«¡nSbn GSm¡nshbv¡s¸«
{KÙ¯n\mWv ‘apkvl^v’ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. Cu apkvl^v H¶m
as¯ Jeo^bmb A_qs_¡dpw XpSÀ¶v c­mw Jeo^
Dadpw kq£n¨pt]m¶p. Dadnsâ acW¯n\ptijw At±l¯n
sâ ]p{Xnbpw apl½Znsâ `mcybpamb l^vkm_ohnbmWv AXp
kq£n¨Xv. aq¶mw Jen^ Dkvamsâ Imeambt¸mtg¡pw CÉmw
aXw ]e cmPy§fnepw hym]n¨p. AhnsSsbms¡ hyXykvX
cq]§fnepÅ JpÀB³ BWv sNmÃp¶sX¶p tI«t¸mÄ, AXn
s\mcp ]cnlmcw D­m¡Wsa¶v At±lw Xocpam\n¨p. l^vk
bpsS I¿nep­mbncp¶ apkvl^v hcp¯n tIm¸nsbSp¯p hnhn
[ cmPy§fnte¡v Ab¨p. taen JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw \S¯p
¶Xv {]kvXpX apkvl^pIfnse {Iaa\pkcn¨mbncn¡Wsa
¶pw Jeo^m hnfw_cs¸Sp¯n. C§s\bmWv C¶p \nehnep
Å JpÀB³ cq]saSp¯Xv.
A_qs_¡dnsâ Ime¯v t{ImUoIcn¨v Dkvamsâ `cWk
ab¯v ]IÀs¸Sp¯Xpamb JpÀB\n apl½Zv ]dªXp
apgph³ DÄs¡mÅn¨n«pt­m? At±lw ]dbm¯Xv hÃXpw
Bsc¦nepw FgpXnt¨À¯n«pt­m? C¡mcy¯n hniZamb

75
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]T\w \S¶n«nÃ. inbmIÄ, kp¶nIÄ, apPmlnZpIÄ, Al½Zn
bmIÄ F¶n§s\ Adnbs¸Sp¶ apÉow hn`mK§fpsS ssIh
i¯nepÅ JpÀB\pIfn AhchÀ¡v Bhiyamb NnesX
Ãmw Iq«nt¨À¯Xmbn ImWp¶p.18
AÃmlp shfns¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¯ hnhc§fmWv JpÀB\nÂ
DÅsX¶pw AXnsâ cN\bn apl½Zn\v ssIsbm¶pansöpw
]dbmdps­¦nepw \njv]£ambn AXp hmbn¡p¶ HcmÄ¡v
kaÀ°\mb Hcp apl½Zns\bmWv AXnsâ ]n¶n ImWm³
Ignbp¶Xv. ssZhw ]dªXmsW¶pÅ hymtP\ BhiyapÅ
sX¶v At±l¯n\ptXm¶nb Imcy§fmWv JpÀB\nepÅXv.
ambnIamb ZÀi\§fpw D¶Xm`nemj§fpw t`mKemekXbpw
IqSn¡pgª Hcp hyànXz¯nsâ DSambmbncp¶p JpÀBsâ
IÀ¯mhv F¶pÅXv AXp hmbn¨m a\ÊnemIpw. At±l
¯nsâ `mcyamÀ hg¡p­m¡nbt¸mÄ Ahsc \nebv¡p \ndp
¯m³ t]mepw JpÀB³ hmIy§Ä ‘AhXcn¡pI’bp­mbn!
DZmlcWanXmWv:
“AÃtbm \_ntb ! AhnSs¯ ]Xv\ namtcmSp ]dbpI.
\n§Ä sFlnI PohXt¯bpw AXnse BUw_ct¯bpw
Dt±in¡p¶psh¦n \n§Ä hcphn³. \n§sf Rm³ kpJn¸n
¡mw. am\yamb hnhmltamN\¯m \n§sf Rm³ tamNn¸n
¡pIbpw sN¿mw.”19 kz´w Z¯p]p{Xsâ `mcysb \_n¡v kz´
am¡Wsa¶p tXm¶nbt¸mÄ AXn\v A\pIqeamb JpÀB³
hn[nbp­mbn: “X§fpsS Z¯p]p{X·mcpsS `mcyamsc hnhmlw
sN¿p¶Xn þ B Z¯p ]p{X·mÀ AhcpsS `mcyamscsIm­p
Å Bhiyw ]qÀWam¡n¡gnªm kXyhnizmknIfpsS a\
Ên\p hnjaap­mImXncn¡m\mWXv. AÃmlphnsâ Iev]\
\S¸n hcp¯pI Xs¶ sNt¿­nbncn¡p¶p.”20
C§s\ kz´w Bhiy§Ä¡pth­n Bb¯pIÄ \nÀ½n
¡pI am{Xaà At±lw sNbvXXv. kplr¯p¡fptSbpw kl{]
hÀ¯IcptSbpw \nÀt±i§Ä t]mepw At±lw JpÀB³ B
¡nbn«p­v. Jen^m DaÀXs¶bmWv AXn\pw km£n.
“DaÀ (d)Â \n¶p \nthZ\w: At±lw ]dbp¶p: aq¶p hnjb

76
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
§fn AÃmlphnsâ Iev]\Ifpw Fsâ A`n{]mb§fpw tbm
Pn¨ph¶p. (1) ssZhZqXsc! aImap C{_mlnans\ \mw \akvImc
Øeam¡n shs¨¦n \¶mbncp¶psh¶v Hcn¡Â Xncpta\n
sb DWÀ¯n. At¸mgmWv “aImap C{_mlnans\ \n§Ä \a
kvImcØeam¡n shbv¡pI” F¶ Iev]\ D­mbXv. (2) ]À±
bpsS Bb¯v. ssZhZqXsc! A§bpsS ]Xv\namtcmSv Cu ZrjvSn
bn \n¶v adªncn¡m³ A§p¶p Iev]ns¨¦n \¶mbncp
¶p. ImcWw AhtcmSv C¶v ZpjvS\pw injvS\psaÃmw kwkm
F¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. C§s\ \kvJv sN¿s¸«Xv JpÀB\nÂ
]eXpap­v. ‘tIcf \Zz¯p apPmlnZn³’ {]kn²oIcn¨ JpÀ
Bsâ apJhpcbn Xs¶ CXwKoIcn¡p¶p­v:
“`À¯mhp acWs¸« `mcy Hcp sImÃw ‘C±’ BNcn¡Wsa
¶pÅ (AÂ_Jvd 240þse) \nbaw, AhÄ \mep amkhpw ]¯p
Znhkhpw ‘C±’ BNcn¡pIsb¶ (AÂ_Jvd 234þse) \nbaw
sIm­v \kvJv sNbvXncn¡pIbmWv. ss_¯p apJ±kv ‘Jn
_ve’bmbncp¶Xn¶p tijw I Av_sb Jn_vebm¡nbXpw
\kvJn s]«XmWv. bp²¯n AhnizmknIfmb ]¯p t]
tcmSv HcmÄ £an¨p \n¶m aXnbmIpsa¶v A³^m 65þ66þÂ
\nban¨Xpw AXnÂs]«XmWv. Cu HSphn ImWn¨ DZmlcW
¯n H¶mas¯ hn[n amän AXn\p ]Icambn«mWv c­mas¯
hn[n D­mbn«pÅsX¶v JpÀBsâ {]kvXmh\ sIm­pXs¶
hyàamIp¶p­v.”22
C§s\ Nne JpÀB³ hN\§Ä ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯nbXp
t]mse ]eXpw \jvSs¸«p t]mbn«p­v. Ct¸mÄ Fgp]¯naq¶p
hN\§fmWv AÂ A^vkm_n (33þmw A²ymbw)Â DÅXv. F
¶m CXp ap¼v c­ma[ymbamb AÂJ_vdtbmfw D­mbncp
¶psh¶v NneÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p. AXp icnbmsW¦n B
A[ymb¯n 213 hmIy§Ä \jvSs¸«pt]mbn F¶p a\Ên
em¡mw. AXn hy`nNmc¡pä¯n\v Fdnªp sImÃm³ hn[n
¡p¶ hN\hpw DÄs¸«ncp¶pht{X. AXn 73 hN\w Hgn¨v
AÃmlp FSp¯p F¶pw BSp Xn¶pt]msb¶pw ]dbs¸Sp
¶p­v.

77
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
kzÀK¯n FgpXnsh¨n«pÅ aqe{KÙ¯n \n¶v `qanbnÂ
sIm­ph¶XmsW¶pw aäpapÅ AhImihmZ§fn Igs¼m
¶pansöv \½Ä I­p. C\nbpw Cu {KÙ¯nsâ cq]inÂ]
s¯¸änbmWv a\Ênemt¡­Xv. henb A£c§fn Ad_n
bpw aebmfhpw tNÀ¯v ASn¨ncn¡p¶ JpÀB³ I­m CsXm
cp _rlZv {KÙamsW¶p tXm¶pw. ]t£, Hcp `mjbn km[m
cW en]nbn ASn¨m CXn\v ]pXnb \nba ss__nfnsâ
hen¸ta hcnIbpÅq.
Ct¸mgs¯ JpÀB\n sNdpXpw hepXpambn 114 kqd¯p
IÄ (A[ymb§Ä) D­v. ]e IjW§fmbn ]et¸mgpw tcJ
s¸Sp¯nsh¨ncp¶ Cu {KÙw C§s\ thÀXncn¨Xpw FUnäp
sNbvX Xpw sskZv_v \pkm_o¯v BsW¶mWv ]mc¼cyw.
GXp am\ZÞa\pkcn¨mWv km_o¯v C¶s¯ cq]w AXn\p
\ÂInbsX¶pÅXn\p sXfnhnÃ. AÂ]m¯nl F¶XmWv
BZys¯ A[ymbw. AXn Ggv Bb¯pIÄ (hmIy§Ä)
D­v. CXv Hcp {]mcw` {]mÀ°\bmWv. A©p t\cs¯ \akvIm
c§fn CXv BhÀ¯n¨p sNmÃp¶p. CXnt\¯pSÀ¶pÅ 113
A²ymb§Ä ASp¡nbncn¡p¶Xn\v ImeKW\tbm hnjb
km[À½ytam t\m¡nbn«nÃ. Gähpw hepXv BZyhpw {ItaW
sNdnb sNdnb A[ymb§fpw F¶ Hä {Iata CXn ImWm
\pÅq.
a¡¯psh¨v FgpXnb kqdIÄ ‘a¡n’ F¶pw aZo\¯p sN¶
Xn\ptijw FgpXnbXv ‘aZv\n’ F¶pamWv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv.
Ct¸mgs¯ JpÀB\n a¡n kqd¯pIfpw aZ\n kqd¯pIfpw
CSIeÀ¶v ImWs¸Sp¶p. Cu kqd¯pIsf dwkm³ amk
¯nse hmb\ kuIcyw IW¡m¡n ap¸Xp PqkpIfmbpw (`mK
§Ä) JpÀB³ Xncn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. JpÀB\nse Gähpw
henb A[ymbw AÂ_JdbmWv. AXn 286 Bb¯pIfp­v.
AtX kabw Ahkm\ `mK¯pÅ sNdnb kqd¯pIfn Nne
Xv aq¶v Bb¯pIÄ am{Xw DÄs¡mÅp¶hbmWv. Bb¯p
IfpsS hen¸¯nepap­v CXpt]mepÅ hyXymk§Ä. Nne
Bb¯pIÄ¡v Hcp t]Pv hen¸w hcpw. F¶m Nne Bb¯p
IÄ¡v Ht¶m ct­m ]Z§tfbpÅq.
78
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
kqd¯pIÄs¡Ãmw XehmNIap­v. FgpXs¸«Xv a¡¯p
sh¨mtWm aZo\¯psh¨mtWm F¶ hnhchpw tNÀ¯ncn¡p
¶p. ]t£, A[ymb¯nsâ Xes¡«pw DÅS¡hpw X½nÂ
_ÔanÃ. DZmlcW¯n\v c­mw kqd¯v ‘_Jd’ (]ip) FSp
¡pI. B kqd¯n BsIbpÅ 286 hN\§fn ]iphns\¸än
Ggp hN\§fn am{Xta ]cmaÀin¡p¶pÅq. _m¡nbpÅh
aäp Imcy§fmWv. I]S hnizmknIfpsS kz`mh§Ä, temIc
£nXmhnt\mSv a\pjy\pÅ IS¸mSv, a\pjysâ kÀtÆm¶X
]Zhn, C{kmCueyÀ¡p AÃmlphnt\mSpÅ IS¸mSv, C{kmCu
eyÀ¡p sNbvX A\p{Kl§Ä, C{kmCueyÀ XymKk¶²cm
bnÃ, C{kmCueycpsS lrZbImTn\yw, C{kmCueyÀ {]XnÚ
ewLn¨p. C{kmCuey·mcpsS aäp [n¡mc§Ä, Nnet¸mÄ AhÀ
¡v ae¡pItfmSpw sshcw, ]qÀÆthZ§fn amä§Ä hcp¯nb
sX´n\v. thZ¡mcpsS Akqbbpw Alw`mhhpw, C{_mlow
\_n bpsS ]co£Whpw At±l¯n\p \ÂInb AXyp¶X
]Zhnbpw C{_mloansâ BZÀiw Jn_ve amänbsX´n\v? I
Av _sb kwkvImctI{µam¡nbXv al¯msbmcp\p{Klw,
]ptcmKa\ amÀK¯n h¼n¨ XymK§Ä hcnt¡­nhcpw, {]]
©¯nsâ B[n]Xyw AÃmlphnsâ I¿n am{Xw, ip²amb
Blmc]ZmÀY§Ä \njn²am¡nshbv¡cpXv, aX¯nsâ e£y
sa´v? {hXm\pjvTm\hn[nIÄ, aXkzmX{´y¯n\pth­nbpÅ
bp²w, lÖnse BNmchn[nIÄ, Xo{h]co£W§Ä¡v k¶
²cmhpI, Nne {]iv\§fpw \nÀt±i§fpw, sshhmlnI PohnX
¯nse apdIÄ, hnhmltamN\{Iaw, ]p\Àhnhmlw, hnhmlap
àcmb kv{XoIÄ¡pÅ AhImim\pIqey§Ä, acW`bapÅ
P\X Pohn¡pIbnÃ, XymK]co£Whpw t\«§fpw, _ew
{]tbmKn¨p aXw {]Ncn¸n¡m³ ]mSnÃ, kXyta hnPbn¡pI
bpÅq. Zm\[À½apdIÄ, Zm\w sN¿p¶Xv sImÅcpXm¯ hkv
Xp¡fm¡cpXv, ]eni\ntcm[\ {]Jym]\w, Icmdm[mc hyhØ
IÄ, apÉowIfpsS hnizmk{]amWw F¶n{Xbpw D]Xes¡«p
ItfmSp IqSnbmWv B A[ymbw {]kn²oIcn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. ]ip
F¶ s]mXp XehmNIw Cu kqd¯n\p tNcpIbnsöv hyà
amWtÃm. CXpt]msebmWv aäp ]e kqd¯pIfpsSbpw IY.
79
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
57þmw kqd¯nsâ Xes¡«v ‘AÂlZoZv’ (Ccp¼v) F¶mWv.
aZo\¯p shs¨gpXs¸« Cu kqd¯n 29 Bb¯pIÄ D­v.
AXnsâ 25þmw Bb¯n Ccp¼ns\¸än ]dbp¶ H¶pc­p
hmNI§fp­v. _m¡n apgph\pw aäp Imcy§fmWv. CXc A[ym
b§fpsS Imcyhpw GXm­v CXpt]mseXs¶bmWv.

References:
1. JpÀ B³ (kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa) 26: 192þ196
2. Ibid., 25:6
3. Ibid., 56:78, 43:4
4. Ibid., 43:3
5. A_vZpà auehn, Sn.sI, X^vkodp JpÀ B³ (aebmf ]cn`m
jbpw hymJym\hpw), ]c¸\§mSn (1981), pp 18þ19.
6. lk³ apkenbmÀ, C.sI., XlvZodp CJvhm³ an³ XÀPaXnÂ
JpÀB³, tImgnt¡mSv (1982) t]Pv 63þ64.
7. imenbm¯n, auem\m aÀlpw, ‘JpÀ B³ XÀÖa e£y¯nsâ
shfn¨¯nÂ’ F¶ {KÙ¯n D²cn¨n«pÅXv. t]Pv 51.
8. XÀPaXn JpÀB³, p. 85
9. Ibid, p. 86
10. Al½Zp auehn, kn.F³, ]cnip² JpÀB³, apJhpc, tIm«bw
(1973) p.19þ20
11. X^vkodp JpÀB³ 19:22
13. X^vkodp JpÀB³ 66:1
14. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa 66:1
15. X^vkodp JpÀB³ 66:1
16. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa 66:1þsâ ^pSvt\m«v t]Pv 1948
17. hnip² JpÀB³, apJhpc, t]Pv 12
18. AÂa\mÀ amknI, 1980 G{]nÂ
19. JpÀB³ 33 : 28
20. JpÀB³ 33 : 37
21. klolpÂ_pJmcn lZokv, 255
22. X^vkodp JpÀB³, 22 : 52
23. hnip² JpÀB³, apJhpc t]Pv 949
24. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv, 2169

80
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

6
lZokpIÄ
JpÀB³ t]mseXs¶ apÉo§Ä {][m\ambn IcpXp¶ aX
{]amW§fmWv ‘lZokpIÄ.’ a\pjysâ ]ptcmKXnsb e£yw
sh¨psIm­v AÃmlp Ab¨ ktµi§fmWv JpÀB³ F¶pw,
B kn²m´§fpw D]tZi§fpw PohnX¯n ImWn¨psImSp
¯bmfmWv apl½Zv \_nsb¶pamWv apÉo§Ä hnizkn¡p
¶Xv. JpÀB\nÂXs¶ AXn§s\ hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶p:
“\n§Ä¡v, AXmbXv AÃmlphnt\bpw A´yZn\t¯bpw
B{Kln¡pIbpw AÃmlphns\ IqSpXembn kvacn¡pIbpw sN
¿p¶hÀ¡v, ssZhZqX\n (apl½Zv \_nbnÂ) Hcp¯a PohnX
amXrIbp­v.”1
apl½Znsâ PohnXamXrI ]n´pScm³ A\pbmbnIÄ {i²n
¨ncp¶p. JpÀB\v ]pdta, apl½Zv ]dbp¶Xpw sN¿p¶Xpamb
Imcy§Ä A\pkcn¡phm\pw A\pIcn¡phm\pw AhÀ Xbm
dmbn. Nnet¸mÄ ‘lZokv’ F¶pw Nnet¸mÄ ‘kp¶¯v’ F¶pw
t]À ]dbp¶Xv Cu PohnXamXrIbv¡v Xs¶bmWv.2 F¶v kn.
F³. Al½Zv auehn ]dbp¶p. klolpapÉow F¶ lZokv
{KÙ¯nsâ BapJambn sI. Aehn auehn lZokpIÄ¡p
\ÂIp¶ \nÀÆN\w, “JpÀB\nsâ XXz§fpw \nÀt±i§fpw
a\Êm, hmNm, IÀ½Wm A\pkcn¨psIm­v apl½Zp\_n (k)
Xncpta\n ImWn¨pX¶ amXrImPohnXamWv lZokv”3 F¶mWv.
AXv JpÀB\nsâ B[nImcnI hymJym\hpw AXpÄs¡mÅp¶
XXz§fpsS {]mtbmKnI cq]hpw amXrIbpamsW¶pw At±lw
XpSÀ¶p ]dbp¶p.4
“AÃmlphpw Ahsâ {]hmNI\pw Hcp Imcyw Xocpam\n¨p

81
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Ignªm apÉoamb bmsXmcp ]pcpj\pw kv{Xo¡pw B Imcy
¯n kzm`n{]mbw kzoIcn¡phm³ AhImianÃ5 F¶v apl½Zv
Dd¸n¨pXs¶ ]dªn«p­v. AXpsIm­v apl½Zp ]dªXpw
sNbvXXpw Fs´ms¡bmsW¶dnbphm³ BfpIÄ IqSpXÂ
Xev]ccmbn. AXn\pÅ amÀKsa´mWv? At±lhpambn ASp¯p
_ÔapÅhcn \n¶v AXp tI«dnbpI, Ignbp¶ L«§fnÂ
At±l¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä a\Ênem¡pI CsXms¡bmWv
AhÀ kzoIcn¨ hgnIÄ. apl½Zv henb Imcy§fn am{XaÃ,
\nXyPohnX¯nse km[mcW {]iv\§fnÂt]mepw CSs]Sp
hm\pw Ahbnsems¡ Nn«IÄ GÀs¸Sp¯phm\pw {ian¨ncp¶p.
F§s\ hkv{Xw [cn¡Ww, Hcp ho«n sNÃpt¼mÄ F§s\
s]cpamdWw, F§s\ \S¡Ww, F´p `£Ww Ign¡Ww,
tcmKw h¶m F´p sN¿Ww, ssewKnI _Ôw F§s\ \S
¯Ww F¶p XpS§n a\pjyPohnX¯nsâ FÃm Awi§fnepw
At±lw CSs]«p. At±lw CSs]« C¯cw Imcy§sf kw_
Ôn¨v apl½Zv ]dªXpw sNbvXXpamb Imcy§fmWv lZokpI
fnepÅXv. Nne injy·mÀ At±l¯nsâ Ime¯p Xs¶ Ah
FgpXnshbv¡m³ XpS§n. aäpNneÀ HmÀ½bn AXp kq£n¨p
sh¨p. apl½Zpambn ASp¯nS]gInbhÀ (klm_nIÄ F¶m
Wv ChÀ Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv) lZokp ]dbp¶Xn {]mamWnI
cmbn KWn¡s¸«ncp¶p. Ahcn \n¶pw AhcpsS a¡fpw A\p
bmbnIfpw AXp ]Tn¨p. A§s\ XeapdIfneqsS CXv \ne\n
¶p. C¯cw lZokpIsf BZyw tiJcn¡phm³ t{]cW \ÂIn
bXv Aahn¿m `cWIÀ¯m¡fn {]apJ\mb Dadp_v\p A_v
ZpÄ Akokp (lnPvd 61þ101) BWv. At±l¯nsâ t{]mÕml
\w Cu cwKs¯mcp thentbäw Xs¶bp­m¡n. \nch[nbmfp
IÄ lZokv tiJcW¯n hym]rXcmbn. A§s\ tiJcn¡
s¸« lZokpIÄ icnbmb coXnbn kwhn[m\w sNbvXv Nne
]ÞnX·mÀ Xbmdm¡n. \nch[n {KÙ§Ä C§s\bp­mbn
«p­v. AXn {][m\s¸« Bsd®w (knlm lpÊn¯) F¶v
Adnbs¸Sp¶p. Ah Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.

82
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
1. klolp _pJmcn (194þ256)
2. klolp apÉnw (204þ261)
3. A_qZmhqZv (202þ275)
4. XpÀapZn (þ 267)
5. \kmC (215þ303)
6. Xp_v\pamP (207þ273)
Cu lZokpIfn Gähpw {][m\s¸«Xv klolp _pJm
cnbpw klolp apÉoapw BWv. CXn klolp _pJmcn
kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpw sI. Aehn auehnbpw aebmf
¯nte¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn«p­v. ‘klolp apÉow’ XÀÖa
bpw h¶p Ignªp. Aehn auehnbptSXmWXv. aäp lZokp
{KÙ§Ä Cw¥ojnepw e`yamWv.
klolp _pJmcn
Xmjv¡ân\Sp¯pÅ _pJmd F¶ Øe¯mWv lnPvd 194þÂ
Camw _pJmcn P\n¨Xv. Atd_ybn \n¶v hfscbIsebpÅ
Hcp {]tZi¯v, CÉmwaXw DZv`hn¨v 200 sImçġp tijamWv
P\n¨sX¦n _mKvZmZv, _kvd, Iq^, a¡, aZo\, kndnb, CuPn
]vXv XpS§nb tZi§fn t]mbn AhnS§fn \nehnencp¶
]mc¼cy§Ä At±lhpw tiJcn¨p. C§s\ 16 hÀjs¯ {ia
^eambn«mWv ‘klolp _pJmcn’ At±lw Xbmdm¡nbXv.
apÉow temI¯nsâsbÃmw {i² B {KÙw ]nSn¨p ]äpIbpw
sNbvXp. JpÀB³ Ignªm apÉo§Ä _lpam\n¡p¶ Hcp
{KÙamWv klolp _pJmcn.
klolp apÉow
Camw _pJmcntbt¸mseXs¶ {]kn²\mb Hcp lZokvImc
\mWv Camw apÉow. ss\km_qcnse Hcp Ad_n IpSpw_¯nÂ
P\n¨ At±lhpw lZokpIÄ tiJcn¡m³ hfsctbsd k©
cn¨p. lnPvd 204þ261 Bbncp¶p At±l¯nsâ Imew. aq¶p
e£w lZokpIÄ ]cntim[n¨n«v icnbmbsX¶v tXm¶nb lZo
kpIÄ am{Xta At±lw kzoIcn¨pÅp. AXpXs¶ \membncw
hcpw.

83
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hymP lZokpIÄ
Jen^v Dkvamsâ h[¯n\ptijw apÉow temI¯n A[nImc
hSwhenIfpw sIme]mXI§fpw kÀÆkm[mcWambn. Hmtcm
I£nbpw kz´w Bhiy¯n\pth­n JpÀB³ hN\§fpw
lZokpIfpw kzbw \nÀ½n¨ncp¶s{X. klolp apÉow aebmf
]cn`mjbpsS apJhpcbn sI. Aehn auehn ]dbp¶p:
“ssZh`ànbpw aXt_m[hpw Ipdª NneÀ JpÀB³ hmIy
§sf ZpÀhymJym\w sN¿phm\pw lZokpIÄ kzbw \nÀ½n¡p
hm\pw XpS§n. CXc I£nIfn \n¶pw `ànbpw hnizmkhpw
IpdªhÀ CtX cq]¯n JpÀB³ hmIy§sf ZpÀhymJym\w
sNbvXpsIm­pw lZokpIÄ kzbw \nÀ½n¨psIm­pw AXns\
t\cnSm\pw XpS§n.”6
“Hmtcmcp¯cpw AhchcpsS B{Kl§f\pkcn¨v lZokp
Ifp­m¡pIbpw F¶n«v ‘Jmedm kqeÃmln’ F¶p tNÀ¯p
sIm­v Cd¡paXn sNbvXpsIm­ncn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. F´n
\[nIw ]dbp¶p hgpXn\§m, acWw Hgn¨pÅ FÃm tcmK§Ä
¡pw kn²uj[amWv Jme dkqeÃmln, kpdpa D]tbmKn¨h
sâ I®v kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pw Jme dkqeÃmln F¶n§
s\ hgpXn\§¡¨hS¡mc\pw kpdpa¡¨hS¡mc\pw AhcpsS
Nc¡p hnägn¡phm\mbn lZokv kzbw \nÀ½n¡pIbpw F¶n«v
JmedkqeÃmln F¶p Iq«nt¨À¯v \_n (k) AcpfnbXm
sW¶v hcp¯n¯oÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp. X¶nan¯w lZokv sX
äpw icnbpw thÀXncn¨v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbm¯hn[w k½n
{iambncn¡p¶p.”7
C§s\ k½n{iamb lZokpIfn \n¶v icnbmb lZokp
IÄ XncsªSp¡p¶Xn\pth­n ‘Dkpep lZokv’ F¶ t]
cn Hcp XncsªSp¡Â k{¼Zmbw Xs¶bp­m¡n. AXnsâ
ASnØm\¯nÂ, Camw _pJmcn tiJcn¨ Bdp e£w lZokp
Ifn A©pe£¯n sXm®qänbmdmbncw XÅn¡fªp. Camw
apÉoapw Cu kn²m´{]Imcw Ht«sd lZokpIÄ XÅn¡fªn
«p­v. AXn\ptijw AhÀ kzoIcn¨ lZokpIÄ C¶p apÉow
temIw s]mXpsh AwKoIcn¡p¶p. lZokpIÄ hmbn¨mÂ

84
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
am{Xta CÉmwaXs¯ a\Ênem¡phm³ IgnbpIbpÅq.
hn[nhnizmkw
aäp ]e aX§tfbpw t]mse hn[nbn CÉmwaXhpw hnizkn
¡p¶p. Hmtcm hyànbpw F´mbn¯ocWsa¶p ssZhw ap³Iq«n
\nÝbn«ps­¶mWv ChcpsS A`n{]mbw. Nne lZokv hN\
§Ä t\m¡pI:
“A_vZpÃm ln_v\p DaÀ kXyw sNbvXp ]dbp¶Xv.... HcmÄ
¡v DlvZvaetbmfw kzÀWap­mIpIbpw A\´cw Ah³ AXp
[À½w sN¿pIbmsW¦nepw hn[nbn hnizkn¡p¶Xphsc
AÃmlp Ah\nÂ\n¶pw AXp kzoIcn¡pIbnÃ.”8
C{Xbpw ]dªXv C_v\p DaÀ BWv. C\n ‘ssZhZqX³’ ]d
bp¶Xp {i²n¡pI: “\n§fn Hmtcmcp¯cptSbpw krjvSn¸n
¶pÅ Hcp¡§Ä X§fpsS amXmhnsâ KÀ`mib¯nÂsh¨v
40 ZnhkwsIm­mWv \S¡p¶Xv. ]n¶oSp asämcp 40 Znhk¯n
\pÅn AXp tNmc¡«bmbn amdp¶p. A\´cw thsdmcp 40
Znhk¯n\pÅn AXp amwk]nÞambn amdp¶p. ]n¶oSp \mep
Iev]\IÄ \ÂIns¡m­v AÃmlp Hcp ae¡ns\ Abbv¡p¶p.
Ahsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä, Ahsâ Blmcw, Ahsâ BbpÊv,
Ah³ hnPbntbm ]cmPnXt\m F¶ Imcyw CsXÃmw FgpXn
shbv¡m³ AÃmlp B ae¡nt\mSp Iev]n¡pw. F¶n«v B
a\pjy\n Poh³ DuXpw. ]n¶oSv Cu Fgp¯\pkcn¨mWv B
a\pjy³ {]hÀ¯n¡pI.”9
CXnsâ Bcw`Ime¯v KÀ`s¯¸än ]dbp¶Xv, KÀ`Ø
iniphnsâ hfÀ¨tb¸än Hcp hnhchpanÃm¯bmfmWv. krjvSn
¸n\pÅ Hcp¡w \mev]Xp ZnhkwsIm­p \S¡p¶p F¶p ]dbp
¶Xn\v F´À°amWpÅXv! kv{Xo]pcpj_Ô¯nsâ ^eambn
]pcpj_oPhpw kv{XobpsS AÞhpw tNÀ¶mWv KÀ`w D­mIp
¶Xv. 120 ZnhkamIpt¼mÄ ae¡p sN¶v Ahsâ hn[n FgpXn
shbv¡pas{X. AXn\p ap¼pXs¶ Ip«n kmam\y hfÀ¨sb¯n
bncn¡pw. Cu kab¯v ae¡p h¶v kv{XobpsS hbän¡bdn
Ip«nbpsS Xebn FgpXpwt]mepw.
apl½Znepw JpÀB\nepw hnizkn¡m¯ ‘kXy\ntj[n’

85
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
IÄ¡p ITn\amb in£ acWm\´cw e`n¡psa¶v At±lw
BhÀ¯n¨p ]dªn«p­v. ]t£, NneÀ A§s\ Ahsb \ntj
[n¡m³ ImcWhpw AÃmlp Xs¶bmWs{X.
“\nsâ hm¡pIÄ {i²n¨ptIÄ¡p¶ Nnecpw Ahcn¯
s¶bp­v. ]t£, AXp {Kln¡mXncn¡¯¡h®w AhcpsS
lrZb§Ä¡v \mw Nne aqSnIfnSpIbpw AhcpsS sNhnIÄ¡v
_m[ncyw D­m¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p. AXpsIm­v kXyw
{Kln¡p¶Xn\p a\pjyÀ¡p e`n¡mhp¶ FÃm ZrjvSm´§fpw
I­pIgnªmÂt¸mepw Ahbnsem¶pw AhÀ hnizkn¡pI
bnÃ.”10
AÃmlpXs¶ a\pjy³ F§s\ s]cpamdWsa¶p \nÝbn
¡p¶p. AX\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hsc \nXy\cI¯nenSp
Ibpw sN¿p¶p! F´p {IqcX!
kqcysâ kpPqZv
“Hcn¡Â kqcy\kvXan¨t¸mÄ Xncpta\n (k) Ft¶mSp tNmZn
¨p. “kqcy\nt¸mÄ Ft§m«mWp t]mbsX¶p \n§Ä¡dnbm
tam?” Rm³ ]dªp: “AÃmlphn\pw Ahsâ ZqX\pw am{Xta
AXns\¡pdn¨dnhpÅq.” Xncpta\n Acpfn: ssZh¯nsâ knwlm
k\¯nsâ Xmg¯psN¶p kpPqZv sN¿m³ t]mbncn¡pIbm
WXv. AhnsSsb¯n kpPqZv sNbvXpIgnªm c­maXpw DZ
bw sN¿m³ AÃmlphnt\mSv AXv A\phmZw tNmZn¡pw. A
t¸mÄ AXn¶\phmZw e`n¡pw....”11
kqcy\pZn¡p¶Xpw AkvXan¡p¶Xpw F§s\bmsW¶v
\_n¡pw AÃmlphn\pw hnhcanÃmXncp¶p F¶p am{XamWv
CXnsâbÀ°w.
{]iv\¡mÀ
tPmÕy·mÀ, {]iv\¡mÀ, a{´hmZnIÄ XpS§nbhsc¸än lZo
kpIfn ]dªn«p­v. AXn NneXv XmsgsImSp¡mw.
“Xncpta\n (k)bpsS ]Xv\n Bbnim (d)bn \n¶pw \nth
Z\w: Xncpta\n(k) Hcn¡Â C§s\ HmXp¶Xv AhÀ tI«p;
ae¡pIÄ taL¯nemWv Cd§pI. At¶cw BImi¯p \S
¶phcp¶ Imcy§tf¡pdn¨v AhÀ kwkmcn¨psIm­ncn¡pw.

86
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
At¶cw ]nimNp¡Ä AXp tIÄ¡pw. F¶n«v {]iv\w sh¡p
¶hÀ¡v B hmÀ¯ clkyambn B ]nimNp¡Ä Adnbn¨psIm
Sp¡pw. {]iv\¡mÀ B hmÀ¯tbmsSm¸w \qdp IÅw I¿nÂ
\n¶p Iq«nt¨À¡pw.”12
Cu ae¡pIÄ bmsXmcp AS¡hpsamXp¡hpanÃm¯hcm
tWm? ]nimNp¡Ä tIÄ¡psa¶dnbmsa¦n ]ns¶sb´psIm
­hÀ kwkmcn¡p¶p?
tdma³N{IhÀ¯nbmb lnÀ¡Â (slcm¢näkv) apl½Znsâ
kaImeo\\mbncp¶p. At±l¯n\v apl½Zv Hcp Is¯gpXpI
bp­mbn. AXp In«nbt¸mÄ tdma³ N{IhÀ¯n tPmÕy]cn
tim[\bn km£m \_n AhXcn¨p F¶v ]dªXmbn
Hcp lZokn ]dbp¶p­v.13 ]t£, Cu IY icnbmsW¶pÅ
Xn\v sXfnshm¶panÃ.
\½psS \m«n ssItcJ t\m¡p¶hcpw apJw t\m¡n e£
Ww ]dbp¶hcpsams¡bp­v. CsXms¡ shdpw X«n¸pIfmsW
¶v \ap¡v Adnbmw. \_nbpsS Ime¯v ]mZw t\m¡n e£Ww
]dbp¶hÀ D­mbncp¶p. Ahcn HcmÄ \_nsb I­ hnhcw:
“Bbnim (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w, Hcp ]mZtcJm imkv{X
Ú³ Fsâ ASp¡Â IS¶ph¶p. At¶cw Xncpta\n(k)bpw
AhnsSbp­mbncp¶p. Dkma¯n_v\p sskZpw(d) sskZv_v\p
lmcok(d)bpw InS¡pIbmbncp¶p. At¶cw ]mZtcJmhnZ
Kv[³ ]dªp: ‘Cu ]mZ§Ä¡v cà_Ôap­v.’ CXptI«v Xncp
ta\n hfsctbsd kt´mjn¨p.
]mZw t\m¡n e£Ww ]dbp¶ hnÍn¯s¯ ssZhZqX³
AwKoIcn¨p F¶mWv CXn\À°w. AXpt]mse iIp\ t\m«
¯nepw At±l¯n\p hnizmkw D­mbncp¶p. DaÀ ]dbp¶p:
“IpXnc, kv{Xo, hoSv Ch aq¶nepamWv ZpÈIp\sa¶v Xncpta\n
Acpfp¶Xv Rm³ tI«n«p­v.”
AZv`pX{]hÀ¯I³
aäp aXØm]I·msct¸mse AZv`pX§fpw sN¸SnhnZyIfpw
ImWn¡m³ apl½Zv X¿mdmbn«nsöv s]mXpsh ]dbmdp­v.
JpÀB³ hmbn¡pt¼mÄ A¯cw Hcp tXm¶emWv D­mhpI.

87
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
sa¡bnse BfpIÄ At±ls¯¸än \S¯nb Hcp hnaÀi\an
XmWv:
(aäp Nnet¸mÄ) AhÀ ]dbp¶p: “Cu ssZhZqXsâ ØnXn
F´mWn§s\? CbmÄ `£Ww Ign¡p¶p. A§mSnIfnÂ
k©cn¡p¶p. Ct±lt¯msSm¸w \n¶ a\pjysc Xm¡oXp
sN¿phm³ F´psIm­v Hcp ae¡ns\ AÃmlp Ab¨psImSp
¯nÃ? Asæn Ct±l¯nsâbSp¡te¡v Hcp \n[n F´p
sIm­v (AÃmlp) C«psImSp¯nÃ? Asæn Ct±l¯n\p
`£n¡phm³ Hcp tXm«w F´psIm­p­mbnÃ?”15
C¯cw tNmZy§tfbpw hnaÀi\§tfbpw XÅn¡fbpIbpw
Xm³ Hcp a\pjy³ am{XamsW¶pw X\n¡v Znhyiànsbm¶p
ansöpw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXbmfmWv apl½Zv.16
]t£, lZokpIfn Nn{XoIcn¡p¶ apl½Zv Hcp AZv`pX
{]hÀ¯I\mWv. Hcp DZmlcWw Xmsg sImSp¡mw:
“l{k¯v kn±o¡n(d)sâ aI³ A_vZpÀ dlvam³ (d) \nthZ
\w sN¿p¶p. ]ÅnbpsS apJaÞ]¯n Xmankn¨ncp¶hÀ
(AlvepÊv^v^) ]ca Zcn{Zcmbncp¶p. (aäpÅhcpsS HuZmcy§
sf B{ibn¨mWv AhÀ Pohn¨ncp¶Xv) X¶nan¯w Xncpta\n
Acpfn: “hÃhcptSbpw ASp¡Â c­mÄ¡v Blmcaps­¦nÂ
(Cu AKXnIfnÂ) Hcmsf sIm­pt]mIs«. hÃhcptSbpw ASp
¡Â \mep t]À¡v Blmcaps­¦n (Chcn \n¶v) A©ma
sXmcmsftbm Asæn BdmasXmcmsftbm sIm­pt]mI
s«.” A§s\ A_qs_¡À ho«n sIm­pt]mb AXnYnIÄ¡v
`£Ww sImSp¯t¸mÄ, Hmtcm ]nSn Blmcw FSp¡pt¼mgpw
]m{X¯n Ah s]cpIns¡m­ncp¶p. FÃmhcpw Blmcw
Ign¨pIgnªt¸mgpw ]m{X¯n D­mbncp¶{Xbpw AXnÂ
Xs¶ D­mbncp¶s{X.17
tbip{InkvXp A©¸wsIm­v A¿mbncw t]À¡p `£Ww
sImSp¯p F¶p ss__nfn ]dbp¶Xpt]mepÅ Hcp sI«p
IYbmWnXv. apl½Zns\ AZv`pX{]hÀ¯I\m¡m\pÅ {iaw
lZokpIfn DS\ofw ImWmw. Øe]cnanXnsIm­v Ah D²cn
¡p¶nÃ.

88
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
aq¶p Ip«nIÄ acn¨m kzÀKw
“Xncpta\n Acpfn: “apÉo§fn hÃhtâbpw {]mb]qÀ¯nsb
¯m¯ aq¶p Ip«nIÄ aSWSªm B Ip«nItfmSv AÃmlphn
¶pÅ ImcpWy¯m Ahs\ AÃmlp kzÀK¯n IS¯pw.”18
kzÀK¯n t]mIm³ Ffp¸hgn! Ip«nIÄ¡v tcmKw hcp
t¼mÄ NnInÕn¡mXncp¶m aXn þ Ip«nIfpw amXm]nXm¡fpw
kzÀK¯nse¯pw!!
\áamb Ipfn
Ad_nIfptSbpw bqZ·mcptSbpw CSbn {]Nmc¯nencp¶ ]e
sI«pIYIfpw \_n AtX]Sn hnizkn¨ncp¶p F¶mWv lZokp
IÄ hyàam¡p¶Xv. H¶pc­v DZmlcW§Ä Xmsg sImSp¡p
¶p:
“Xncpta\n Acpfn: C{kmCueyÀ \ácmbn«mWv Ipfn¨n
cp¶Xv; \ámhØbn AhÀ At\ym\yw t\m¡ns¡m­pw,
F¶m aqkm(A) aäpÅhcpsS Iq«¯n tNcmsX GI\mbv
s¡m­mWv Ipfn¨ncp¶Xv. At¸mÄ aqkmbv¡v AÞhr²nbp
s­¶pw AXp sIm­mWv At±lw \t½msSm¸w Ipfn¡m¯
sX¶pw aäpÅhÀ Ifnbm¡n. ]n¶osSmcn¡Â l{k¯v aqk
Ipfn¡phm³ t]mbn; hkv{Xw Hcp IÃnt·Â sh¨p. DSs\ B
IÃv B hkv{Xhpw sImt­mSn. ‘ItÃ! Fsâ hkv{Xw, ItÃ!
Fsâ hkv{Xw’ F¶p ]dªpsIm­v l{k¯p aqkm ]n¶mse
bpw. Ahkm\w (B IÃp sN¶p \n¶Xv C{kmCueyÀ¡nSbn
emWv. F¶n«v) C{km CueyÀ aqksb (\ácq]¯nÂ) t\m¡n
¡­p. DSs\ AhÀ ]dªp: ‘AÃmlphmW aqkbn bmsXmcp
tcmKhpanÃ.’ aqk AhnsSsh¨p Xsâ hkv{XsaSp¯p F¶n«v
IÃns\ ASn¡m³ XpS§n. A_qlpssd ]dbpIbmWv: aqk
ASn¨Xn Btdm Gtgm ASbmfw B IÃn Ahtijn¨n
«p­v.”19
IÃp hkv{Xhpw sImt­mSn, aqk IÃns\ ASn¨p. AXnsâ
]mSpIÄ Ct¸mgpap­v Fs¶ms¡ tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ C¯cw ap¯
Èn¡YIfn hnizkn¡p¶ a\pjyÀ Ct¸mgpw D­tÃm F¶m
Wv AZv`pXw tXm¶p¶Xv. ]ns¶ bn{kmtb¡mÀ \ácmbn

89
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Ipfn¨p F¶pÅ Btcm]WamWv. A¿q_v\_nbpw \á\mbn
Ipfns¨¶v thsdmcp lZokn ImWmw.20
BSpt\m«¡mÀ
“Xncpta\n Acpfn, kXy\ntj[¯nsâ tI{µw Ing¡p`mK¯m
Wv. Al¦mchpw s]m§¨hpw IpXncItfbpw H«I§tfbpw
hfÀ¯p¶hcnepw {KmaoWcmb IÀjIcnepamWv ImWpI. BSp
hfÀ¯p¶hcnemWv im´ioew ZriyamhpI.”21
sXmgnensâ ASnØm\¯n BfpIfpsS kz`mhw \nÀW
bn¡p¶ Cu k{¼Zmbw F{X {]mIrXamsW¶p ]dtb­Xn
ÃtÃm. IÀjIsc apgph³ {Iqc·mcmbn«mWv At±lw Nn{XoIcn
¡p¶Xv. asämcp `mK¯v \_n ]dbp¶p: ‘lrZbImTn\yw IÀjI
cnemWp­mbncn¡pI.’22
CÉmanse kmtlmZcyw
CÉmw kÀÆkmtlmZcy¯nsâ aXamsW¶pw B aX¯nÂ
tNcp¶hscms¡ Xpeycmbn«mWv KWn¡s¸Sp¶sX¶pw
km[mcW ]dbmdp­v. CXp icnbsöv C³Uybnse A\p`h
§Ä sXfnbn¡p¶p. lnµpaX¯n \n¶v CÉmw aX¯nÂ
tNÀ¶hÀ ap¼p­mbncp¶Xpt]mse DbÀ¨ XmgvNItfmsS,
hnhn[ PmXnIfmbn«mWv D¯tc´ybn Xmakn¡p¶Xv. CXv
C³Uybnse {]tXyI ]cnXØnXnIfn D­mb Hcp Ipg¸am
sW¶mWv Rm³ IcpXnbncp¶Xv. F¶m lZokpIfn Nne
tKm{X§tfbpw PmXnItfbpw DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡p¶Xn\mhiyamb
GÀ¸mSpIÄ ImWmw:
“Xncpta\n Acpfn: a\pjysc \n§Ä J\nItft¸msebmWv
ImWpI. Ahcn AÚm\Ime¯v t{ijvT·mcmbncp¶hÀ
CÉman h¶tijhpw t{ijvT·mÀ Xs¶bmbncn¡pw.”24
apl½Zp P\n¨ sa¡bnse Jpssdin tKm{Xs¯ temI¯n
epÅhscÃmw t{ijvTtKm{Xambn AwKoIcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡W
at{X! JpssdinIfnepÅ sX½mSnItfbpw B`mk·mscbpw
IqSn \½Ä ]n³]än \S¡Wsa¶mWv \_nXncpta\nbpsS
D¯chv! am{Xtam? CÉmansâ `cWwIqSn AhÀ¡v AhImis¸
«XmWv. asämcp lZokv hmIyw t\m¡pI:
90
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“Cu `cWImcyw JpssdinIfnemWv \nesImÅpI. AhÀ
Zo\ns\ \ne\ndp¯p¶ Imea{Xbpw AhtcmSv FXnÀ¸p {]ISn
¸n¡p¶ Hcp¯t\bpw AÃmlp apJw Ip¯n¡mXncn¡pIbn
Ã.”25
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: JpssdjnIfn c­p t]À Ahtijn
¡p¶ Imea{Xbpw Cu `cWImcyw AhcnemWv \nesImÅp
I.”26
kÀÆkmtlmZcy¯n\v CXn IqSpX F´p sXfnhp th
Ww! \_nbpsS tKm{X¡mÀ F¡mehpw DbÀ¶ `cWm[n]·m
cnbncn¡pat{X!! DbÀ¶ PmXn¡mÀ CÉman tNÀ¶m AhÀ
PmXnt{ijvTcmbn¯s¶ XpScpw!

References:
1. JpÀB³ 33:21
2. Al½Zv auehn, kn.F³, klolp _pJmcn (AhXmcnI),
t]Pv. 119
3. klolp apÉow, IS¶a® (1978) t]Pv 2
4. Ibid, p. 3
5. JpÀB³ 33:36
6. klolp apÉow, t]Pv 13
7. Ibid., p. 14
8. Ibid., p. lZokv: 1
9. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv, 1317
10. JpÀ B³ 6:25
11. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv, 1314
12. Ibid, lZokv, 1319
13. Ibid, lZokv, 7
15. JpÀB³ 25:7-8
16. Ibid., 17:93., 18: 110
17. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv, 352
18. Ibid., lZokv, 617
19. Ibid., lZokv, 191
20. Ibid., lZokv, 192

91
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
21. Ibid., lZokv, 1354
22. Ibid., lZokv, 1355
23. Ibid., lZokv, 1415
24. Ibid., lZokv, 1416
25. Ibid., lZokv, 1417
26. Ibid., lZokv, 1419

92
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

7
JpÀB\pw imkv{Xhpw
]Xn\mep \qäm­pIÄ¡pap¼v Atd_ybn Pohn¨ncp¶ Hcp
a\pjy³ FgpXnb {KÙ¯n B[p\nIimkv{X¯n\p hncp²
ambn Fs´¦nepw I­m \ap¡v At±ls¯ Ipäw]dªn«p
ImcyanÃ. F¶m temI{kjvSmhmb ssZh¯nsâ \nÀt±i
{]Imcw ae¡v shfns¸Sp¯nbXmWv JpÀB³ F¶p ]dªmÂ
AXn ]ns¶ sXäp ImWm³ ]mSnÃ. apÉo§Ä hnizkn¡p
¶Xv JpÀB³ AÃmlphn\m shfns¸Sp¯s¸« ]cakXy
amsW¶mWv. AXpsIm­v imkv{Xhpambn JpÀB\nsebpw
lZokpIfntebpw hnhc§Ä F{XI­v H¯pt]mIp¶p F¶p
]cntim[nt¡­nbncn¡p¶p.
]c¶ `qan!
`qan Dcp­XmsW¶pw kqcy\p Npäpw AXv {`aWw sNbvXpsIm
­ncn¡pIbmsW¶pw C¶v GXp sIm¨pIp«n¡pw Adnbmw. tIm
¸À\n¡kpw (1473þ1543) Keoentbmbpw (1564þ1642) \S¯nb
KthjW§fpsS ^eambn«mWv AXv Ak¶nKv[ambn sXfnbn
¡s¸«Xv. ]Xn\mdmw \qäm­phsc AXpsIm­v ]ecpw `qan
]c¶XmsW¶pw kqcy\pw {Kl§fpw `qansb Npäns¡m­ncn
¡pIbmsW¶pw hnizkn¨ncp¶p. kzÀK¯n \n¶pw ssZhw
Cd¡ns¡mSp¯XmsW¶p ]dªvv apl½Zv AhXcn¸n¨ JpÀ
B\nepw sXämb B hnizmkamWv ImWp¶Xv. `qan ]c¶Xm
sW¶p hyàam¡p¶ Nne JpÀB³ hmIy§Ä Xmsg sImSp
¡p¶p.
“(CtX{]Imcw) `qansb \mw ]c¯nbnSpIbpw I\¯ ]ÀÆX
§fn AXn Øm]n¡pIbpw (PohPme§fpsS BhiymÀ
93
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
°w) FÃm hkvXp¡sfbpw hyhØnXamb tXmXn AXnÂ
\mw apf¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.”1
“(t\m¡pI) AXm `qanbn ]ÀÆX§Ä Øm]n¨ncn¡p¶p:
`qan \n§tfbpwsIm­v Nmªpt]mImXncn¡m³.”2
“`qansbs¡m­pw AXns\ ]c¯nbn«ncn¡p¶ hn[s¯s¡m
­pw...”3
“`qansb Ah³ ]c¯n AXn ImWp¶ shÅhpw Xoäkm
[\§fpw Ah³ AXn \n¶v Dev]mZn¸n¨p.”4
“(t\m¡pI) AÃmlp \n§Ä¡v `qansb Hcp hncn¸m¡n X¶n
cn¡p¶p.”5
“`qan a\pjyt\mSpIqSn Nmªpt]mImXncnt¡­Xn\v
AXn \mw Nne ]ÀÆX§Ä Øm]n¡pIbpw a\pjyÀ¡v
D±njvSØm\§fn F¯nt¨cm³ kuIcyw e`nt¡­Xn\p
aebn Nne aebnSp¡pIfpw hgnIfpw \mw Xpd¡pIbpw sNbvXn
cn¡p¶p. C{]ImcwXs¶ BImis¯ \mw kpc£nXamb Hcp
ta¯«p t]mse B¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.”6
“Nmªp t]mImXncnt¡­Xn\v” F¶p XÀÖa sNbvXncn
¡p¶Xv. kn.F³. Al½Zp auehnbmWv. F¶m Sn.sI. A_vZp
Åm auehnbpsS XÀÖabn ‘Nen¡mXncn¸m\mbn Dd¨Xmb
]ÀÆX§sf \map­m¡n’7 F¶mWv. ta¯«v F¶Xn\p]Icw
‘taÂ]pc’sb¶mWt±l¯nsâ XÀÖa.8
“(`qanbnte¡v AhÀ t\m¡p¶ntÃ) `qansb \mw (AhÀ¡v)
Hcp hncn¸m¡n sh¨n«ntÃ? ]ÀÆX§sf `qan¡pÅ BWnIfm
¡n sh¨n«ntÃ?”9
“\n§Ä¡p th­n `qanbnte¡v Hcp hncn¸pw BImis¯
Hcp ta¯«pam¡n krjvSn¡pIbpw...”10
“(t\m¡pI:) `qapJs¯ hnimeam¡nbnSpIbpw AXn Nne
I\¯ ]ÀÆX§Ä Dd¸n¨p \ndp¯pIbpw...sNbvXXv Ah\
s{X.”11
C\n ckIcamb asämcp hnhcwIqSn t\m¡pI:
Atd_ybnse t\m¡nbm t\ms¡¯m¯ Zqc¯n InS
¡p¶ aW¸c¸pIfpw \á§fmb ]ÀÆX§fpw apl½Znsâ
`mh\bn C¯cw Hcp Nn{Xambncn¡pw krjvSn¨Xv. aäp Nne
94
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hmIy§ÄIqSn t\m¡pI:
“BImi`qanIÄ (AhbpsS Øm\§fn \n¶p) \o§nt¸m
ImXncn¡phm³ Ahsb \nb{´n¨p \ndp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv AÃm
lphmWv.”13
“`qansb \n§Ä AS§nbncn¡m\pÅ Hcp cwKhpw BImi
s¯ Hcp ta¯«pam¡n X¶h\mWv AÃmlp.”14
BImiw
`qanbn \n¶v \át\{X§ÄsIm­v BImit¯¡p t\m¡p
t¼mÄ `qan¡p apIfn Hcp X«pt]mse BImiw \n¡p¶p
F¶pw kqcy\pw N{µ\pw \£{X§fpsams¡ AXn\SnbneqsS
k©cn¡pIbmsW¶pw \ap¡v tXm¶pw. ]e {]mNo\ aX{KÙ
§fnepw ImWp¶ Nn{Xhpw AXpXs¶bmWv. BImiamIp¶
X«n\p apIfn ssZh§fpw tZhotZh·mcpw hkn¡p¶p F¶m
Wv k¦ev]w. `qan¡p Xmsg ]nimNp¡Ä, Akpc·mÀ XpS§nb
hÀ Xmakn¡p¶ ]mXmfaps­¶pw A¡me¯v k¦ev]n¡s¸
«ncp¶p. A§s\ aq¶p temI§Ä (BImiw, `qan, ]mXmfw)
Ds­¶ hnizmkw \nehn h¶p. B[p\nI imkv{Xw Cu
hnizmk§sfÃmw sXämsW¶v hyàambn Øm]n¨p. kqcys\
{]Z£n Ww sh¨psIm­ncn¡p¶ {Kl§fn H¶mb `qan
Dcp­Xm sW¶pw AhnsS \n¶p t\m¡pt¼mÄ BImisa¶v
\ap¡v tXm¶p¶Xv I®nsâ shdpw {`aamsW¶pw hnZqc§fmb
aÞ e§fn ØnXnsN¿p¶ \£{X {]]©§tf¸än t\cn
b Adnhp am{Xta a\pjy\pÅq F¶pw imkv{XÚ³amÀ hyà
am¡p¶p. ]t£, ssZhw Cd¡ns¡mSp¯ JpÀB\v BImiw,
\£{X§Ä, kqcy³, N{µ³ XpS§nbhsb¸än Nne A`n{]mb
§fp­v. Nne DZmlcW§Ä Xmsg sImSp¡mw.
“Ggv BImi§tfbpw Ahbv¡p Xpeyambn `qantbbpw
krjvSn¨h\mWv AÃmlp.”15
“]n¶oSv Ah³ (AÃmlp) BImi¯nsâ t\sc Xncnªp.
F¶n«v AXns\ Ggv BImi§fm¡n icns¸Sp¯n.”16
“FgpXs¸« ISemkpNpcp«pwt]mse BImis¯ \mw Npcp«n
¡fbp¶ Znhkw.”17

95
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ISemkp t]msetbm XpWnt]msetbm DŠHcp ta¯
«mWv BImisa¶pÅ [mcWbmWv C§s\ ]dbm³ apl½Zn
s\ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. aäp Nne hmIy§Ä CXp sXfnbn¡p¶p:
“(C{]Imcw Xs¶) BImis¯ \mw kpc£nXamb Hcp
ta ¯«pt]mse B¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.”18
“\n§Ä¡p th­n `qansb Hcp hncn¸pw BImis¯ ta¯
«pam¡n.”19
C§s\ X«pX«pIfmbn Ggv BImiaps­¶p IcpXnbncp¶
apl½Zv Hcn¡Â Pn_vco F¶ ae¡nsâ IqsS B BImi
§fn IbdnbXmbn lZokpIfn ]dbp¶p. apl½Zv ]dbp¶p:
“Fsâ ssI]nSn¨psIm­p `qantbmSp sXm«Sp¯p \n¡p¶
BImit¯¡v At±lw (ae¡v) Ibdnt¸mbn. A§s\ BImi
¯p Rms\¯nt¨À¶t¸mÄ, BImi¯nsâ Imh¡mc\mb
ae¡nt\mSp hmXn Xpd¡q F¶p Pn_vco ]dªp. B ae¡p
tNmZn¨p: ‘BcmWXv?’ Pn_vco ]dªp: ‘CXp Rm\mWv Pn
_vcoÂ.’ Imh¡mc³ ae¡p tNmZn¨p: ‘\n§tfmsSm¸w aäm
sc¦nepapt­m?’ Pn_vco ]dªp: ‘AsX, D­v. Fsâ IqsS
apl½Zv D­v.’ B ae¡p tNmZn¨p: ‘At±ls¯ hnfn¡m\b
¨ncpt¶m?’ Pn_vco ]dªp: ‘AsX.’ A§s\ B ae¡p hm
Xn Xpd¶t¸mÄ R§Ä H¶mw BImi¯nsâ apIfnte¡p
Ibdn.’ C§s\ Hmtcm Øe¯pw Ibdn¡bdn, Ahkm\w ka
\nc¸mbn ]c¶p InS¡p¶ Hcp Øe¯p Rms\¯nt¨À¶p...
AhnsSsh¨v Fsâ A\pbmbnIÄ¡v A³]Xp \akv¡mcw
AÃmlp \nÀ_Ôambn Iev]n¨p.”20
C§s\ Ggp X«pItfmSpIqSnb BImiw ØnXn sN¿p¶Xv
ImWm³ ]mSnÃm¯ XqWnt·emsW¶pw JpÀB\n ]dbp¶p:
“(Hm! Nn´miq\y\mb a\pjym! CXm t\m¡q) \n§Ä¡p
ImWmhp¶ XqWpIÄ IqSmsXXs¶ C¡mWp¶ BImiaÞ
es¯ DbÀ¯nsh¨ncn¡p¶h\s{X AÃmlp.”21
kqcy\pw N{µ\pw
kqcy\pw AXns\ Npäp¶ {Kl§fpw DĸsSbpÅ kucbqY
¯nsâ tI{µw kqcy\msW¶v kmam\y hnZym`ymkapÅhÀ

96
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
s¡Ãmw C¶dnbmw. Cu kucbqYwXs¶ BImiKwKsb¶
dnbs¸Sp¶ hensbmcp \£{X{]]©¯nse Hcp sNdnb Awi
amWv. Hcp e£w {]Imi hÕcw hoXnbpw A¿mbncw {]Imi
hÕcw I\hpapÅ Cu \£{X{]]©¯n e£w tImSn \£
{X§fps­¶p IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. CXpt]mepÅ \nch[n
\£{X{]]©§Ä Cu AÞISml§fnep­v. A\´amb
{]]©s¯¸änbpÅ hnhc§Ä tiJcn¡pt´mdpw a\pjy³
AZv`pXs¸Sp¶p. ]t£, JpÀB\n kqcyN{µ·mscbpw \£
{X§tfbpw ]än sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ hnhc§Ä {]mIrX Ad_n
tKm{X§fpsS k¦ev]§Ä am{XamWv. kqcysâ {]Imiw sIm
­mWv ]IÂ D­mIp¶sX¶v \ap¡dnbmw. ]t£, JpÀ B³
]dbp¶Xv ‘]IÂ kqcys\ sXfnbn¨p ImWn¡p¶p’22 F¶mWv.
‘cmhv kqcys\ aqSn¡fbp¶p’ F¶pw asämcp `mK¯v ]dbp¶p!23
A\´ hnZqcXbn \n¡p¶hbpw \½psS kqcyt\¡mÄ
hfsc hepXpamWv \£{X§Ä. Ahtb¸än JpÀB³ ]dbp¶
Xv, ‘Icbntebpw ISentebpw AÔImc§fn hgn a\Ênem
¡m\m’Wv AÃmlp \£{X§sf krjvSn¨sX¶mWv.24 aäp Nne
{]kvXmh\IÄ t\m¡pI:
“BImi¯p Nne \£{X§tfbpw AXn Hcp hnf¡nt\
bpw shfn¨w \ÂIp¶ N{µt\bpw Øm]n¨h³ hfsc DÂIrjvS
KpW§fpÅh³ As{X.”25
N{µ\v shfn¨ansöpw kqcy{]Imiw X«n AXp {]Xn^en¡p
t¶bpÅq F¶pw \ap¡dnbmw. ]t£, AÃmlphn\pw Ahsâ
ZqX\pw B hnhcw CÃmsXt]mbn! kqcy³ \½psS `qantb¡mÄ
13 e£w hen¸w IqSpXepÅ Hcp Btáb tKmfamWv. N{µ\m
Is« \½psS `qansb {`aWw sN¿p¶ Hcp sNdnb D]{KlamWv.
temImhkm\¯n ‘N{µt\bpw kqcyt\bpw H¶n¨p Iq«p’26sa
¶mW v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶Xv . B\tbbpw ISpInt\bpw H¶n¨p
Iq«psa¶p ]dbp¶Xp t]msebmWv Cu {]kvXmh\bpw. ‘N{µ
sâ {]Imiw sI«pt]mIpw’ F¶v asämcp Øe¯pw ]dªp
ImWp¶p.27 N{µs\ Ah³ BImi§fn {]ImiapÅXm¡n
shbv¡pIbpw kqcys\ Hcp hnf¡m¡n shbv¡pIbpw sNbv
Xncp¶p28 F¶pw JpÀB\n ]dbp¶p. C{Xbpw henb sXäp
97
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
IÄ a\pjy\mb apl½Zn\p ]änbm AZv`pXanÃ. imkv{Xw
Ggmw iXI¯n A{Xbpw A`nhr²ns¸«ncp¶nÃ. ]t£,
C¸dbp¶Xv ssZhamsW¦n B ssZhs¯¸än \ap¡v _lp
am\ap­mIm³ {]bmkamWv.
kqcy{KlWhpw N{µ{KlWhpw {]IrXnbpsS {]Xn`mk§
fmWv. ]t£, hnizmknIÄ¡v AXv FÃm¡mehpw t]Snkz]v\am
bncp¶p. Hcn¡Â kqcy{KlWap­mbXv lZokn C§s\
hnhcn¡p¶p: “Hcn¡Â kqcy{KlWap­mbt¸mÄ Xncpta\n
(k) `bt¯msS Fgpt¶äp. AXv A´y{]fbamtWm F¶mbncp
¶p \_nbpsS `bw.”29
Cu¨bpsS NndIn Huj[w
tcmKmWp¡sf ]c¯p¶ {]mWnIfnsem¶mWv Cu¨. AXv
Im¸nbntem Nmbbntem hoWm kmam\yt_m[apÅhÀ B
]m\obw FSp¯p IfbpIbmWv ]Xnhv. F¶m ssZhZqX\mb
\_nbpsS A`n{]mbw tIÄ¡pI!
“Xncpta\n Acpfn: \n§fn hÃhcptSbpw ]m\ob¯nÂ
Cu¨ hoWpt]mbm B Cu¨sb apgph³ AXn ap¡nbn«v
]pdt¯s¡Sp¯p Ifbs«. Cu¨bpsS Hcp NndIn tcmKhpw
atä NndIn tcmKia\hpamWpÅXv.”30
apl½Zv asämcn¡Â \nÝbn¨ Hcp NnInÕbpw ckIcamWv:
“D¡Â Asæn Dssd tKm{X¯nse Nne BfpIÄ aZo\
bn h¶p. F¶n«v AhnSs¯ ImemhØ AhÀ¡p ]nSn¨nÃ.
(A§s\ AhÀ tcmK_m[nXcmbn). At¶cw ]mepÅ H«I§
fpsS ASpt¯¡v t]mIm\pw AhbpsS ]mepw aq{Xhpw Ign¡m
\pw Xncpta\n Ahsc D]tZin¨p.”31
kv{Xobv¡v C{µnbkvJe\w
]Xns\m¶v `mcyamcpw \mep sh¸m«namcpw ]pdta \nch[n ASn
akv{XoIfpsams¡bmbn apl½Zp\_n _Ôw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶p
sh¦nepw kv{XobpsS icocimkv{Xw At±l¯n\v Adnbmam
bncp¶nà F¶v lZokpIÄ sXfnbn¡p¶p:
“D½pkeam(d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. AhÀ ]dbp¶p: (A\
kp_v\p amen¡nsâ amXmhv) D½p kpssew ssZhZqXsâ ASp
98
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¡Â h¶n«p tNmZn¨p: “ssZhZqXsc! AÃmlp kXyw Xpd¶p
]dbm³ eÖn¡p¶nÃ. kv{Xo kz]v\w I­m AhÄ Ipfnt¡
­Xpt­m? Xncpta\n Acpfn: ‘AsX AhÄ C{µnbs¯ I
­m Ipfn¡Ww.’ CXp tI«t¸mÄ D½pkea hkv{Xw sIm­v
AhcpsS apJw aqSn. F¶n«p tNmZn¨p: ssZhZqXsc! kv{Xo¡v
kz]v\kvJe\w D­mIptam? Xncpta\n Acpfn: ‘AsX, D­m
Ipw. AhÄ¡v C{µnbansæn AhfpsS k´m\w AhfpsS
BIrXnbn P\n¡p¶sX§s\?”32
]pcpjs\t¸mse kwtbmKmhkc¯ntem kz]v\¯ntem
]pd¯phcp¶ ip¢tam X¯peyamb Fs´¦neptam kv{XobpsS
P\t\{µnb¯nenÃ. t\scadn¨v amk¯n Hcn¡Â AÞm
ib¯n \n¶v KÀ`]m{X¯nte¡v AÞhnkÀÖ\w D­m
Ipw. B AÞhpw ]pcpj_oPhpw IqSnt¨À¶mte Ip«nbp­m
hpIbpÅq. kwtbmKmhkc¯n kv{XoIÄ¡v ssewKnIaqÀO
D­mIp¶Xv ]pcpjt\t¸mse C{µnbkvJe\w D­mbXpsIm
­msW¶v \_n [cn¨psh¨ncp¶p F¶pam{Xw.
]\nbp­mIp¶sX§s\?
“Ft¶¡mÄ IqSpX Úm\apÅhcmcpw Pohn¨ncp¸nÔ F¶v
\_n ]dªn«p­v.33 A§s\ FÃmhtc¡mfpw ‘AdnhpÅ’ B
alm\p`mh³ ]\nbp­mIm\pÅ ImcWw ]dbp¶p:
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: ]\n \cI¯nsâ Bhnbn s]«
XmWv. AXpsIm­v ]\nsb \n§Ä shÅwsIm­p XWp¸n
¡pI.”34 \à ]\n hÃXpamsW¦n ]ns¶ BÀ¡pw XWp¸nt¡
­n hcnIbnÃ!
tIm«phmbv
]e Ahkc§fnepw \½Ä sIm«phm CSmdp­v. icocimkv{X
Ú·mÀ AXnsâ ImcWw C§s\ hniZoIcn¡p¶p: “km[mc
W tIm«phmbv Dd¡w hcpt¼mtgm Bekyap­mIpt¼mtgm
BWv D­mIp¶Xv. icoc¯n\v Dd¡w Bhiyaps­¶pÅXnsâ
Hcp ASbmfamWXv. icoc¯n HmIvknP³ Ipdbpt¼mÄ a\p
jycpw arK§fpw tIm«phmbnSpw. amwkt]inIÄ¡v AXv Abhp
\ÂIpw. km[mcWbmbn HcmÄ tIm«phmbv CSps¶¦nÂ

99
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AbmÄ¡v HmIvknP³ Bhiy¯n\p e`n¡p¶nsömWÀ°w.
icnbmbn Imäp In«m\pÅ kuIcyap­m¡pItbm hymbmaw
sN¿pItbm BWv C¯cw L«§fn sNt¿­Xv. Fs´¦nepw
]m\ob§tfm shÅtam IpSn¨m tIm«phmbv \n¡pw. XWp
¯ shůn apJw IgpInbmepw CXp \n¡pw.”35
imkv{Xw C§s\bmWv ]dbp¶sX¦nepw kÀÆÚ\mb
apl½Zv ]dbp¶ IY asäm¶mWv.
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: tIm«phmbv ]nimNnsâ {]hr¯nI
fnÂs¸«XmWv. \n§fn hÃh¶p tIm«phmbntS­n h¶mÂ
Xsâ Ignhn\v A\pkcn¨v Ah³ AXS¡s«. tIm«phmbn«psIm
­p \n§fnsemcmÄ ‘lm’ F¶p ]dbpt¼mÄ ]nimNp Nncn
¡pw.”36
Ggmw iXI¯n Pohn¨ncp¶ apl½Zv \_n ]dª Cu
hnÍn¯cw 1981þ än.sI. A_vZpà auehn Gäp ]mSp¶p. X^v
kodp JpÀBsâ ]cn`mjtbmsSm¸w At±lw FgpXnt¨À
¯ncn¡p¶p:
“tIm«phmbv CSpIbmsW¦n AXv amdp¶Xphsc Hm¯p
\ndp¯pI. ImcWw AXp ]nimNnsâ ]¡Â\n¶pÅXmWv. ”37
kz]v\hpw apl½Zpw
kz]v\w ImWpIsb¶Xv a\pjya\Ênsâ kz`mhamWv. hyàn
bpsS A\p`h§fpw `mh\Ifpw hnizmk§fpw IqSn¡pgªv
a\Ên cq]saSp¡p¶hbmWh. ]t£, {]mIrXa\pjy\v kz]v
\w F¶pw Hcp AZv`pXambncp¶p. AsX§s\ D­mIp¶p F¶v
AhÀ¡v Adnbmambncp¶nÃ. AXpsIm­v AXv ssZhtam ]nim
tNm \ÂIp¶ ZÀi\§fmbn AhÀ IcpXn. apl½Zpw C¯c
¯nÂs¸« Hcmfmbncp¶psh¶v JpÀB³ sXfnhp \ÂIp¶p.
_ZÀ bp²¯n F®¯n IqSpXepÅ “i{Xp¡tfmSmWv
apÉo§Ä Gäpap«nbXv. ]t£, apl½Zp I­ kz]v\¯nse
A\p`hw t\sc adn¨mbncp¶p. AtX¸än ]dbp¶Xv C§s\
bmWv:
“(apl½Zv \_o!) \nsâ kz]v\¯n kXy\ntj[nIfpsS
F®w Ipdhmbn AÃmlp \n\¡p ImWn¨pX¶ kµÀ`w kvac

100
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
WobamWv . AhcpsS F®w IqSpXem¡n Ah³ \n\¡p
ImWn¨p X¶ncps¶¦n \n§fpsS ss[cyw £bn¡pIbpw
\n§Ä (bp²Imcy¯nÂ) XÀ¡n¨p `n¶n¡pIbpw sN¿pam
bncp¶p.”38
ChnsS apl½Zp I­ kz]v\w sXämbncp¶p. At±l¯n\v
Bßhnizmkap­mIm³ AÃmlp sNbvXXmWs{X AXv! bqkp
^v \_n (ss__nfnse sbmsk^v) ImWp¶ kz]v\§fpw At±
lw aäpÅhcpsS kz]v\§Ä¡p \ÂIp¶ hymJym\§fpw JpÀ
B\n Nn{XoIcn¡pt¼mgpw, kz]v\§fpsS ImcWw ssZhtam
]nimtNm BsW¶pÅ hnizmkw \_n¡p­mbncp¶psh¶v
hyàamIpw. C{_mlnw \_n¡v ssZhw kz]v\¯n {]Xy£
\mbn aI³ Ckvambnens\ _ensImSp¡Wsa¶p ]dªXm
bpw AX\pkcn¨v At±lw {]hÀ¯n¡m³ XbmdmbXpw JpÀ
B\n hnhcn¡p¶p­v . 39 CXpt]mse C¡mes¯mcmÄ
kz]v\w ImWpIbpw AX\pkcn¨v a¡tftbm aämscsb¦neptam
_ensImSp ¡pIbpw sNbvXmepÅ ^esa´mbncn¡pw? sIme
¡pä¯n\pÅ in£ hm§psa¶pÅ Imcy¯n BÀs¡¦nepw
kwibapt­m! kz]v\§sf¸än apl½Zp ]dª Hc`n{]mbw
lZokpIfnep­v. AXv ChnsS D²cn¡mw:
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: ]cnip² kz]v\§Ä AÃmlphn¦Â
\n¶pÅXmWv. t]¡n\mhpIÄ ]nimNn¦Â\n¶pÅXpw. \n§
fn hÃh\pw `bm\Iamb hà kz]v\hpw I­pIgnªm A
h³ Xsâ CSXp`mKt¯¡v H¶p Xp¸pIbpw AXnsâ \mi¯nÂ
\n¶pw AÃmlphn¦Â A`b¯n\pth­n {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw
sNbvXpsImÅs«. F¦n AXv Ahs\ D]{Zhn¡pIbnÃ.”40
]m¼v
skanänIv aX§Ä s]mXpth ]m¼nt\bpw ]nimNnt\bpw i{Xp
hmbn IW¡m¡p¶p. ]nimNv ]m¼nsâ cq]¯n h¶mWv l
Æmbv¡v \·Xn·IfpsS hr£¯nsâ ^ew ]dn¨p sImSp¯
sX¶mWv ss__nfn ]dbp¶Xv.41 apl½Zp\_n ]m¼pIsf
¸än ]dbp¶Xpw hfsc i{XpXtbmsSbmWv. ]m¼pIsf \n§Ä
sIm¶pIfbpI. hninjy icoc¯n c­p \o­ hcIfpÅ

101
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]m¼nt\bpw hm apdnª ]m¼nt\bpw. Ah c­pw I®nsâ
ImgvN \in¸n¡pIbpw KÀ`w Aekn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. 42
Hm´v a\pjysâ tNmc IpSn¡pw, ]m¼v kv{XoIsf t{]an¡pw
Fs¶ms¡ hnizkn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶v H«pw hyXykvXaà Cu
AÔhnizmkhpw.
tImgnbpw ae¡pw
tImgn Iqhp¶Xpw IgpX Icbp¶Xpsams¡ \ap¡v A\p`hapÅ
Imcy§fmWv. AsXms¡ B PohnIfpsS km[mcW PohnXhp
ambn _Ôs¸« Imcy§fmWv. F¶m apl½Zv AXns\ms¡
hymJym\w \ÂIp¶Xv {i²n¡pI:
“tImgn Iqhp¶Xp \n§Ä tI«m AÃmlphnsâ A\p{Kl
§Ä¡pth­n {]mÀ°n¨psImÅpI. ImcWw tImgn Hcp ae
¡ns\ I­n«p­mbncn¡pw. adn¨v Hcp IgpX Icbp¶Xp tI«mÂ
]nimNn \n¶p c£n¡phm³ AÃmlphnt\mSp {]mÀ°n¨psIm
ÅpI. ImcWw IgpX ]nimNns\ I­n«p­mbncn¡pw.”43
t\cw shfp¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v temI¯nepÅ tImgn¡qSpIfpsS
sbÃmw ASp¯v ae¡p t]mhpI, a\pjys\ ImWm³ Ignbm¯
ae¡ns\ tImgn¡v ImWm³ km[n¡pI, IgpXIÄ ]nimNns\
I­p IcbpI þ bmsXmcp AdnhpanÃm¯ Hcp a\pjysâ {]kvXm
h\IfmWnhsbms¡sb¶p a\Ênem¡m³ henb _p²naps«m
¶pw th­.
a\pjy³ FenbmIpw!
‘kÀÆÚ\m’b apl½Zv asämcn¡Â ]dªp. a\pjy³ Fen
bmbn amdpsa¶v. At±l¯nsâ hm¡pIÄ Xs¶ tIÄ¡pI:
“C{kmCu hwi¯nse Hcp hn`mKw BfpIsf Hcn¡Â
ImWmXmbn. AhÀ¡sX´p]änsb¶v bmsXmcdnhpanÃ. C¡m
Wp¶ FenIÄ AhÀ cq]w amdnbXpXs¶bmsW¶mWv Fsâ
A`n{]mbw. B FenIfpsS ap¼n H«I¯nsâ ]m sh¨p
sImSp¯m Ah IpSn¡pIbnÃ. B«n³]m sh¨psImSp¯m
tem IpSn¡pw.”44 C{ktb¡mÀ H«I¯nsâ ]m IpSn¡mdnÃ.
AXpsIm­v H«I¯nsâ ]m IpSn¡m¯ FenIÄ AhÀ
cq]m´cs¸«XmsW¶mWv apl½Znsâ I­p]nSn¯w. Fen

102
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
IÄ H«I¯nsâ ]m IpSn¡pIbnsöp ]dbp¶Xpt]mepw
incmbns¡mÅWsa¶nÃ.
]mc¼cyimkv{Xw
AdnªpIqSm¯ GXp hnjbs¯¸änbpw B[nImcnIambn
A`n{]mbw ]dbp¶ Imcy¯n apl½Znt\mfw N¦qäw ImWn
¨hÀ Ncn{X¯n Npcp¡amWv. HcmÄ Hcn¡Â At±lt¯mSp
tNmZn¨p: “k´m\¯n\v ]nXmhnt\mSv kmZriyap­mIm³
ImcWsa´mWv? A{]ImcwXs¶ k´m\§Ä¡v AhcpsS
A½mh·mcpambn cq]kmZriyap­mhm\pw ImcWsa´mWv? ”
CXn\v \_n C§s\ D¯cw ]dªp.
“Hcp ]pcpj³ Hcp kv{Xobpambn klhkn¨p. F¶n«v Ah
\mWv BZyw C{µnbkvJe\w D­mbXv; F¶m B k´m\
¯n\v ]pcpjt\mSmWv cq]kmZriyap­mhpI. adn¨v BZyw
AhÄ¡mWv kvJe\w D­mbsX¦ntem, AhtfmSmWv k´m\
¯n\v kmZriyap­mbncn¡pI.”45
kv{Xo¡v kvJe\w D­mIpsa¶pÅXpXs¶ icnbÃ. Ah
fpsS AÞw s^tem¸nb³ Syq_ntem KÀ`]m{X¯ntem DÅ
kabs¯ ssewKnI_Ô¯n ]pcpj³ \nt£]n¡p¶ e£
¡W¡mb _oP§fn Hsc®amWv km[mcbmbn AÞhp
ambn tbmPn¨p I«nbmIp¶Xv. ]mc¼cy§sf \nb{´n¡p¶
Po\pIfpsS {]hÀ¯\s¯¸än AdnbmXncp¶ ]pcmX\Ime
¯mWv \_n AXp ]dªsX¶pÅXp icnbmWv. ]t£, kÀÆ
Ú\mb ssZh¯nsâ {]Xn]pcpj\mb \_n imkv{Xhncp²
amb Cu {]kvXmh\ sN¿pt¼mÄ At±l¯nsâ {]hmNIXz
¯nemWv \ap¡p kwibw tXm¶pI.

103
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
References:
1. JpÀB³. 15:19
2. Ibid, 16:15
3. Ibid, 91:6
4. Ibid, 79 : 30-31
5. Ibid., 71:19
6. Ibid., 21 : 31-32
7. X^vkodp³ JpÀB³, 21:31
8. Ibid., 21:32
9. JpÀB³, 78 : 6-7
10. Ibid., 2:22
11. Ibid., 13:3
12. Ibid., 21:30
13. Ibid., 35:41
14. Ibid., 40:64
15. Ibid., 65:12
16. Ibid., 2:29
17. Ibid., 21:104
18. Ibid., 21:32
19. Ibid., 2:22
20. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv : 221
21. JpÀB³ 13:2
22. Ibid., 91:3
23. Ibid., 91:4
24. Ibid., 6:97
25. Ibid., 25:61
26. Ibid, 75:9
27. Ibid., 75 : 7-9
28. Ibid., 71:16
29. klolp _pJmcn lZokv 547
30. Ibid., 1358
31. Ibid., 167
32. Ibid., 105
33. Ibid., 174
34. Ibid., 1342

104
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
35. Guyton, Arthur. C, World Book Encyclopaedia, (Chicago, 1976),
Vol 21, p. 460
36. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv: 1350
37. X^vkodp JpÀB³, t]Pv 7
38. JpÀB³, 8:43
39. Ibid., 37: 102-107
40. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv, 1351
41. Dev]¯n, 3 : 1-8
42. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv, 1353
43. Ibid., lZokv, 1356
44. Ibid., lZokv, 1357
45. Ibid., lZokv, 1361

105
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

8
JpÀB\pw ASna¯hpw
arK§tft¸mse a\pjysc hnebv¡p hm§pIbpw CjvSanÃmsX
h¶m sImÃpItbm hn¡pItbm Hs¡ sN¿p¶Xpamb
k{¼Zmb¯n\mWv ASna¯w F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. ASnabv¡v DSa
س InS¡m\pÅ kuIcyhpw `£Whpw hkv{Xhpw \ÂInbn
cp¶p. kzX{´ambn Fs´¦nepw sN¿mt\m Nn´n¡mt\m ASna
IÄ¡v AhImiap­mbncp¶nÃ. AXn]pcmX\Imew apXÂ
temI¯nsâ ]e `mK§fnepw \ne\n¶ncp¶ lo\amb Cu
k{¼Zmbs¯ aX§sfÃmw ]n´m§pIbmWp­mbXv. kzX{´
Nn´bpsSbpw am\hnINn´bpsSbpw hnImk¯nsâbpw ^eam
bn H«p an¡ cmPy§fpw ]s¯m³]Xmw iXI¯nemWv ASna
¯w \ntcm[n¨Xv. Cu amäs¯ AwKoIcn¡phm³ apÉow cmPy
§fpw \nÀ_ÔnXambn. F¦nepw temI¯nse ]e apÉow
cmPy§fnepw C¶pw hnhn[ cq]§fn ASna¯w \ne\n¡p
¶p­v. ImcWw ASna¯s¯ \ymboIcn¡pIbpw AXn \n¶v
em`ap­m¡pIbpw sNbvX aX§fnsem¶mWv CÉmw. B aX
¯nsâ t]cp t]mepw ASna¯t¯mSv _Ôs¸«XmWv. ‘CÉmw’
F¶ Ad_n ]Z¯n\v ‘IogS§Â’ F¶mWÀ°w. ssZh¯nsâ
ASnaIfmWv a\pjysc¶pw ssZh\nÝba\pkcn¨v IogS§n
Pohn¡pIbmWv a\pjysâ [À½sa¶pw CÉmwaXw ]Tn¸n
¡p¶p. ‘aB_qZ’ (bPam\³) BWv ssZhsa¶pw a\pjyscÃmw
At±l¯nsâ A_vZp (ASna) IfmsW¶pw BWv CÉmwaX
¯nsâ kn²m´w. A_vZp dlnw (dlnansâ ASna) A_vZpÂ
JmZÀ (JmZdnsâ ASna) F¶p XpS§nb t]cpIÄ apÉo§fpsS
bnSbn [mcmfw ImWmw. A_vZp (ASna) F¶v t]cn t]mepw

106
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
tNÀ¡phm³ aSn¡m¯bmfpIfpsS a\Ênsâ ASn¯«nÂ
ASna¯w F´pam{Xw Ds­¶v Nn´n¡mhp¶tXbpÅq. apÉo
§Ä sNt¿­ Imcy§Ä¡v ‘C_mZ¯v ’ (ASnahr¯n) F¶m
Wv ]dbp¶Xv. \akvImcw, {hXw, k¡m¯v (\nÀ_ÔZm\w),
lÖv, PnlmZv (aXbp²w) F¶nhbmWv B A©v ASnahr¯n
IÄ. C§s\ ssZh¯nsâ ASnaIfmb a\pjyÀ, klPohnI
fn hensbmcp hn`mKs¯bpw ASnaIfm¡nbXn AZv`pXs¸
Sm\nÃ.
CÉmwaX¯n\p ap¼pw Atd_ybn ASna¯w D­mbncp¶p.
lo\amb B k{¼Zmbs¯ amäm³ apl½Zv {ian¨nsöp am{X
aÃ, AXns\ AwKoIcn¡pIbpw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN
bvXp. apÉo§fpambn \S¶ bp²¯n XShpImcmbn ]nSn¨
kv{XoItfbpw Ip«nItfbpw apl½ZpXs¶ ASnaIfm¡nb kw`
h§fp­v. ASnaIfpsS Zb\ob ØnXn hnhcn¡p¶ \nch[n
JpÀB³ hmIy§Ä ImWmw.
“(\n§fpsS Adnhn\pth­n) AÃmlp CXm Hcp D]a FSp
¯p ImWn¡p¶p. AXmbXv asämcmfpsS DSaØXbnencn¡p¶
ASnasb Ah\v Hcp Imcy¯n\pw IgnhnÃ. (AtXbhkc¯nÂ)
asämcp a\pjy\p­v. Ah³ kzX{´\mWv. Ah\p \mw \½psS
]¡Â \n¶p \à Blmcw \ÂInbn«p­v. Ah³ AXn \n¶p
clkyambpw ]ckyambpw (CjvSm\pkcWw) sNehm¡p¶p.
ChÀ c­pt]cpw ka·mcmIptam? Hcn¡epanÃ. FÃm kvXpXn
IÄ¡pw AÀl³ AÃmlphs{X. ]t£, (F´psN¿m\mWv?)
a\pjycn A[nIwt]cpw AdnhnÃm¯hcmIp¶p.”1
AÃmlpXs¶ ]dbp¶ Cu D]abpsS AÀ°sa´mWv? DbÀ
¨XmgvNIÄ Iev]n¨ncn¡p¶Xv ssZhamsW¶pw AXn\p ssZhw
kvXpXn AÀln¡p¶p F¶pw hyàambn ]dªncn¡p¶p. a\p
jycn Iptdt¸sc ASnaIfm¡n sImSp¯n«pw AXnsâ KpWw
AhÀ Adnbm¯XnemWv AÃmlphn\v hnjaw.
ASna¯s¯ CÃmXm¡m³ Ignbpsa¶v apl½Zv \_n Hcn
¡epw IcpXnbncp¶nÃ. AXv kmaqlyPohnX¯nsâ Hcp `mKam
sW¶ a«nemWv JpÀB\nse {]kvXmh\IÄ. Nne DZmlcW
§Ä t\m¡pI:
107
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“kXyhnizmknIsf! h[n¡s¸Sp¶hcpsS Imcy¯n \ymb
amb in£m\S]SnIsfSp¡p¶Xn¶p \n§tfmSnXm \nÀ_Ô
ambn Iev]n¡p¶p. kzX{´\v kzX{´³, ASnabv¡v ASna, kv{Xo
bv¡p kv{Xo C§s\ in£m\S]SnIÄ FSpt¡­XmWv. ”2
kzX{´\mb Hcp hyànsb Hcp ASna sIm¶m AbmfpsS
bPam\s\ sImÃp¶ ]Xnhv Ad_nIfpsS CSbnep­mbncp¶p.
B ]Xnhp amän ASnabv¡p ]Icw ASnabpw kv{Xo¡p ]Icw
kv{Xobpw kzX{´\p]Icw kzX{´\pta h[n¡s¸Smhq F¶v
JpÀB³ \nba ]cnjvIcWw \S¯pIbmWnhnsS. 3 A¶s¯
kmaqly ]cnXØnXnbn CXn\ev]w ]ptcmKa\ kz`mhw Im
Wmw. ]t£, ASna¯w \ne\n¡p¶ Hcp kmaqlyhyhØn
Xnsb JpÀBsâ IÀ¯mhv `mh\ sNbvXncp¶pÅq F¶v hyà
am¡p¶p. C\n hnhmls¯¸än ]dbp¶Xp t\m¡pI:
“At¸mÄ kXyhnizmkn\nIfmb \n§fpsS hmenb¡mcn
Ifn \n§fpsS hewssIIÄ DSas¸Sp¯nbhcn \n¶p (hn
hmlw Ign¨psImÅpI...... AXp (ASnakv{XoIsf hnhmlw sN
¿msa¶pÅXp) \n§fn AklyXsb `bs¸«hÀ¡mIp¶p.”4
ChnsS hmenb¡mcnIÄ F¶p ]dªncn¡p¶Xv ASnakv
{XoIsf¸än¯s¶bmsW¶v apl½Zv Aam\n auehn Nq­n¡m
Wn¡p¶pap­v.5 C§s\ ASna kv{XoIsf hnhmlw sN¿m³
A\phZns¨¦nepw Ignbpsa¦n AsXmgnhm¡m³ taÂs¡mSp
¯ hmNI¯nsâ Ahkm\`mK¯v \nÀt±iap­v. Ahsc Ieym
Ww Ign¡msX £an¡p¶Xv \ÃXmsW¶pw XpSÀ¶p ]dbp¶p.
ImcWw AhÀ Xmgv¶hcmsW¶pÅXpXs¶.
apl½Zp \_n¡pXs¶ ]e ASnaIfpw D­mbncp¶psh¶v
hyàam¡p¶ lZokpIfpw JpÀB³ hN\§fpap­v. Hcp lZo
kv CXmWv.
“A½mÀ (d)Â \n¶p \nthZ\w. ({]hmNIXz¯nsâ Bcw`
\mfpIfnÂ) Xncpta\n (k)bpsS IqsS CÉmw kzoIcn¨hcmbn
A©v ASnaIfpw A_q_¡À(d)bpw am{XapÅXmbn Rm³
I­n «p­v.”6
CÉmwaX¯n tNÀ¶ B ASnaIÄ¡v kzmX{´yw \ÂIm³
apl½Zv XbmdmbnÃ. am{Xtam, “asämcp¯sâ DSaØXbnÂ
108
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Pohn¡p¶ ASna, AÃmlphnt\mSpw Xsâ bPam\t\mSpapÅ
_m[yXIÄ \ndthäns¡m­p Pohn¡p¶]£w Cc«n {]Xn
^ew e`n¡pw” 7 F¶pwIqSn¸dªv ASnaIsf {]tem`n¸n¡p¶p.
ASnakv{XoIÄ
ASnakv{XoItfmSv CÉmwaXw kzoIcn¨ncp¶ \bw F´msW¶v
JpÀB³ hyàambn ]dbp¶p­v. \nhr¯nbnÃmsX h¶mÂ
Ahcn Bscsb¦nepw hnhmlw sN¿msa¶p ]dªpsh¦nepw
Ignbpsa¦n AXnÂ\ns¶mgnªp \n¡m³ \nÀt±in¨Xv
ap¼v \½Ä I­p. F¶m hnhmlw Ign¡msXXs¶ ASnakv
{XoIfpambn hnhml_Ôw ]peÀ¯msa¶v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p.
“F¶m X§fpsS `mcyamÀ Asæn X§fpsS \nb{´
W¯n³Iogn Pohn¡p¶hÀ, (Ahcpambn _Ôw Øm]n¡p
¶XnÂ) ChcpsS t]cn Ipäsam¶panÃ.”8
\_ntbmSv AÃmlp ]dbp¶ Hcp hmNIw CXv IqSpXÂ hy
àam¡p¶p:
“Hm \_o! \o aldp sImSp¯ \nsâ `mcyamsc \n\¡v \mw
A\phZn¨p X¶ncn¡p¶p; (C{]ImcwXs¶ aäpÅhcpsS) hnhm
l_Ô¯nencn¡p¶ kv{XoIfpw (\n§Ä¡p \njn²amWv).
F¶m (bp²¯ShpImcmbn) \n§fpsS \nb{´W¯nepÅ
kv{XoIÄ AXnÂ\ns¶mgnhmWv. AÃmlp \n§Ä¡p \nÝbn
¨pX¶ \nbaamWnXv.”10
bp²¯n XShpImcnbmbn ]nSn¨ kv{XobpsS `À¯mhp Pohn
¨ncn¸ps­¦nepw Ahcpambn ssewKnI_Ôw \S¯p¶Xv sX
ämbn AÃmlp ImWp¶nÃ!
‘hess¦IÄ DSas¸Sp¯nb kv{XoIÄ’ F¶v JpÀB\nÂ
]dbp¶Xv bp²¯n ]nSns¨Sp¯hsc¸änbmsW¶v hnizmkn
Ifmb JpÀB³ ]ÞnX·mÀt]mepw k½Xn¡p¶p. ASnakv
{XoIfn F{X t]cpambpw ssewKnI _Ô¯n GÀs¸Sp¶Xv
IpäIcambncp¶nÃ.11 AXv hy`nNmcambn KWn¡s¸«ncp¶panÃ.
ASnaItfmSpÅ s]cpamäw
apl½Zp\_nbpw CÉmwaXhpw ASna¯¯ns\Xncmbncp¶p
F¶v Nne apÉo§Ä ASp¯ Ime¯v {]Ncn¸n¡m³ {ian¡p

109
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¶p­v. kµÀ`¯n \n¶v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯ GsX¦nepw hmIy
§Ä hfs¨mSn¨v hymJym\w \ÂInbmWv ChÀ CÉmans\
shÅtXbv¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xv. kn.F. Al½Zv auehn ‘CÉmw
Hcp ka{K]T\w’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n C§s\ ]dbp¶p:
“Hcp kp{]`mX¯n Hcp {]Jym]\waqew ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯m
ambncp¶ H¶mbncp¶nà ASna¯w. BZyambn ASna¯ k{¼
Zmbs¯ CÉmw A\pIqen¡p¶nsöpw AXns\ \in¸n¡p
hm³ t]mIbmsW¶pw temIs¯ DWÀ¯n. Hcmfpw (Xsâ DS
aØXbn sh¨psIm­ncn¡p¶ ASnasb) ‘Fsâ ASna’, ‘F
sâ ASnakv{Xo’ F¶n§s\ hnfn¡cpsX¶v \_n (k) hnfw
_cw sNbvXp. (_pJmcn) A{]Imcw Xs¶ ‘Fsâ DSaس’,
‘Fsâ DSbh³’ F¶n§s\ ASnaIÄ At§m«p hnfn¡p¶Xpw
B hnfw_c¯n IÀi\ambn \ntcm[n¨p.”12
aäp Nne CÉmwaX]ÞnX·mcpw CXpt]msebpÅ A`n
{]mb§Ä ]dªn«p­v. CXp icnbmsW¦n apl½ZpXs¶
ASnaIsf kq£n¡pambncp¶nÃ. bYmÀ°¯n ASnaItfmSp
Å s]cpamä¯n Ipsdsbms¡ Zbbpw a\pjyXzhpw D­mIW
sa¶p am{Xta At±lw Dt±in¨n«pÅq F¶v JpÀB³ \njv]£
_p²ntbmsS hmbn¡p¶hÀ¡p a\ÊnemIpw. JpÀB³ temImh
km\whscbpÅ hnizmknIÄ¡p th­n X¿mdm¡nb aX{KÙ
amsW¶p ]dbp¶hÀ Xs¶bmWv, Ggmw iXI¯nse {]tXyI
]cnXØnXnbnemWv \_n ASna¯s¯ AwKoIcn¨sX¶v ]d
bp¶Xv. Fs¶¦nepw ASna¯w CÃmXm¡Wsat¶m AXn\p
Ignbpsat¶m JpÀBsâ IÀ¯mhv IcpXnbncp¶nÃ. A§s\
Nn´n¨ncps¶¦n AXp hyàambn ]dbpambncp¶p. AXn\p]
Icw apl½Zp sNbvXXv ASnaIfpsS \ne sa¨s¸Sp¯m³ DX
Ip¶ Nne D]tZi§Ä \ÂIpIbmWv. AX\pkcn¨mWv ]nÂ
¡mes¯ apÉow \nba§Ä cq]oIcn¡s¸«Xv. Hcp CÉmw hn
Úm\tImi¯n ]dbp¶p:
“XmXznIambn ASnaIÄ¡v bmsXmcp \nbamhImi§fpanÃ.
apl½Z³ \nba{]Imcw AhcpsS bPam\sâ DSaØXbnepÅ
hkvXp¡Ä am{XamWv. AbmÄ¡v ASnasb hn¡pItbm
k½m\w \ÂIpItbm kv{Xo[\ambn sImSp¡pItbm aäphn[
110
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¯n D]tbmKn¡pItbm sN¿mw. \nba¯nsâ ZrjvSnbnÂ
Fs´¦nepw \nbaw D­m¡p¶Xn\v AhÀ A{]m]vXcmWv.
AXpsIm­v Fs´¦nepw NpaXe GsäSp¡mt\m, acW]{Xsa
gpXmt\m, BcpsSsb¦nepw c£mIÀXrXztasäSp¡mt\m AhÀ
A\phZn¡s¸Sp¶nÃ. AhÀ D­m¡p¶sXÃmw bPam\\v Ah
Imis¸«XmWv. Hcp \nbat¡mSXbn km£n ]dbm\pw ASna
bv¡v AhImianÃ.... ASnaIÄ¡pw DSaIÄ¡pw X½n \nba
{]Imcw hnhmlw ]mSnÃ. ssewKnI_ÔamImw. aäpÅhcpambn
AhÀ hnhmlw sN¿p¶Xv \nba]camWv. DSaØcpsS A\phmZ
t¯msS am{Xta AhÀ hnhmlw sN¿m³ ]mSpÅq. an¡ \nba
Ú·mcptSbpw A`n{]mbw ASnaIÄ¡v c­p `mcyamcn IqSp
XÂ (kzX{´tcm ASnaItfm) ]mSnÃ. amenss¡äpIfpsS
A`n{]mbw kzX{´cmb Al½Zobtct¸mse AhÀ¡pw \mep
`mcyamÀ BImsa¶mWv. kzX{´cmb hyànItft¸mse ASna
bpw kv{Xo[\w sImSp¡Ww. ASnakv{Xobv¡p In«p¶ kv{Xo[\
¯nsâ AhImihpw AhfpsS bPam\\mWv; ASnabv¡v kz¯p
­m¡m³ A\phmZanÃtÃm... AhÄ¡p­mIp¶ Ip«nbpsS
DSaØXbpw bPam\\mWv.”13
D½v AÂhemZv
ASna kv{XoIsf sh¸m«nIfmbn kzoIcn¡p¶ ]Xnhv CÉmw
aXmcw`¯n\p ap¼pXs¶ Atd_ybnep­mbncp¶p. A§s\
bp­mIp¶ _Ô¯n P\n¡p¶ Ip«nIÄ¡v AÑsâ kz¯n
t\m, ]n´pSÀ¨bvt¡m AhImiap­mbncp¶nÃ. B Ip«nIÄ¡v
Aѳ A\phZn¨m kzmX{´yw e`n¨ncp¶p F¶p am{Xw. C¯
cw _Ô§fn \n¶v B kv{Xo¡v bmsXmcp sa¨hpw D­mbncp
¶panÃ. ‘D½qÂ_\nÂ’ (B¬Ip«nIfpsS A½) Ft¶m, ‘D½qÂ
hemZv’ (Ip«nIfpsS A½) Ft¶m ChÀ Adnbs¸«p. Cu ØnXn
¡v apl½Zv sNdnsbmcp amäw hcp¯n. sh¸m«nIfnembmepw
P\n¡p ¶ Ip«n ]nXmhnsâ hwiP\mbncn¡psa¶v. CuPn]vjy³
ASnabmb amcn¿mbn At±l¯n\v C{_mlnw Fs¶mcp Ip«n
bp­mbt¸mÄ; Ahsc \_n kzX{´bm¡pIbpw sNbvXp.14
]n¡mes¯ Nne Jmen^mamÀt]mepw C§s\ P\n¨n«p
­s{X.15
111
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ASna kv{XoIfpambpÅ C¯cw _ԧġv ]n¡me¯v
CÉman Nne \nb{´W§Ä D­mbn. bqZaX¡mcntbm, {Inkv
Xym\ntbm apÉotam AÃm¯, _lpssZhhnizmknIfmb ASna
Isf sh¸m«nIfmbn kzoIcn¡cpsX¶pÅXmbncp¶p AXv.
B[p\nI jm^nIfmIs« AXn Xs¶ bqZtcbpw {InkvXym\n
Itfbpw Hgnhm¡n. AhÀ aX{KÙ§fn Ir{Xnaw sNbvXv _lp
ssZhhnizmknIfmsb¶mWv AhcpsS A`n{]mbw. apÉo§fmb
ASnakv{XoIsf kzoIcn¡p¶Xn Ahcpw sXäp ImWp¶nÃ.16
ASnahntamN\w
ASna¯ k{¼Zmbw Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶Xn\v Blzm\w sN¿p
Itbm Hcp \S]SnsbSp¡pItbm sNbvXnsænepw ASnaIsf
tamNn¸n¡p¶Xv Hcp ]pWyIÀ½amtbm {]mbÝn¯amtbm At±
lw \nÝbn¨ncp¶p. Xmsg sImSp¡p¶ JpÀB³ hmIy§Ä
AXn\p sXfnhmWv.
“C\n hà ‘kXyhnizm’kntbbpw A_²ambn hÃh\pw h[n
¨pt]mbm Hcp kXyhnizmknbmb ASnasb kzX{´\mt¡
­XmWv.”17
“C\n h[n¡s¸«h³ \n§fpsS i{XpkapZmb¯nÂs]«
h\pw (AtXbhkc¯nÂ) Hcp apÉoapamWv. F¶n«p i{Xpsh
¶p [cn¨v Ahs\ \n§Ä sIm¶p F¶m B apÉow ASnasb
kzX{´\mt¡­XmWv. h[n¡s¸«h³ \n§fpambn kÔnbnÂ
Pohn¡p¶ Hcp kapZmb¯n s]«h\msW¦n Ahsâ IpSpw
_§Ä¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIpIbpw (AXn\p]pdta) Hcp
kXyhnizmknbmb ASnasb kzX{´\m¡pIbpw sNt¿­
XmWv.”18
“(C\n a\x]qÀÆw sNbvXn«pÅ kXys¯ ewLn¡Wsa¶p
hcp¶]£w) AXn\pÅ {]mbÝn¯w, \n§fpsS IpSpw_¯n\p
\n§Ä \ÂIp¶ Blmc§fn sh¨v a[y\nebnepÅ Blm
cw ]¯v AKXnIÄ¡v \ÂIemWv. Asæn AhÀ¡v hkv{Xw
\ÂItem Asæn HcSnasb kzX{´\m¡tem BWv. ”19
ChnsSsbms¡ tamNn¸n¡m³ ]dbp¶Xv apÉow ASnaIsf
am{XamWv. {]hmNIsâ ZrjvSnbn aäpÅ ASnaIÄ¡v bmsXmcp

112
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hnebpanÃ! apÉoamb ASnasb tamNn¸n¨mtem? _pJmcn C§
s\ tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p:
“A_plpssä(d)bn \n¶v \nthZ\w. hÃh\pw apÉoamb
HcSnasb kzX{´\m¡n hn«m B ASnabpsS Hmtcm AwK
¯n\pw {]Xn^eambn Chsâ Hmtcm AwKt¯bpw \cIin
£bn \n¶p AÃmlp tamNn¸n¡pw.”20
ASnaItfmSv {Iqcambn s]cpamdp¶Xns\ apl½Zv \_n
FXnÀ¯ncp¶p. Xmsg sImSp¡p¶ c­p lZokpIÄ AXp sXfn
bn¡p¶p.
“A_plpssä(d) bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. Xncpta\n (k) Acp
fn.‘\nsâ \mY\v Blmcw sImSp¡q’, ‘\nsâ \mY\v hpfp D­m
¡m³ klmbn¡pI’, ‘\nsâ \mY¶v ]m\obsaSp¯p sImSp¡q’
Fs¶m¶pw \n§fnemcpw ]dbcpXv. ‘Fsâ bPam\³;’ ‘Fsâ
DStbm³’ Ft¶m atäm ]dªpsImÅs«. A{]ImcwXs¶ ‘F
sâ ASna’, ‘Fsâ shÅm«n’ F¶pw \n§fnemcpw ]dbcpXv.
‘Fsâ `rXy³’, ‘Fsâ `rXy’,‘Fsâ ]cnNmcI³’ Fs¶ms¡
]dªpsImÅs«.”21
“A_plpssä(d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w; Xncpta\n (k)
Acpfn. \n§fnemcpsSsb¦nepw ASp¡Â Xsâ `rXy³ Blm
chpambn hcpt¼mÄ Ahs\¡qSn Xsâ IqsSbncp¯nbnsÃ
¦nÂ, Ht¶m ct­m ]nSn `£Ww Ah\p \ÂIpIsb¦nepw
sN¿s«. AXv A²zm\n¨v ]mNIw sNbvXXv Ah\mWtÃm.”22
ASnaItfmSv acymZbmbn s]cpamdWsa¶pw ASnaIsf
tamNn¸n¡p¶Xp ]pWyamsW¶pw ]dªXv apl½Zp\_nbpsS
Hcp KpWamsW¶p ]dbmsa¦nepw At±l¯n\pap¼pw CÉmw
aX¯n\p ]pd¯pw B KpWapÅ aämfpIÄ D­mbncp¶p. lZo
kpIfnÂXs¶ AXn\p sXfnhpIfp­v. _pJmcnbn \n¶v Hcp
`mKw D²cn¡mw:
“l¡nw (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. At±lw Hcn¡Â Xncpta
\ntbmSp tNmZn¨p: Rm³ AÚmXIme¯v ]pWyIÀ½sa¶
\nebv¡v Zm\w sN¿pIbpw ASnaIsf tamNn¸n¨phnSpIbpw
IpSpw__Ôw ]peÀ¯pIbpw sN¿mdp­mbncp¶p. ssZhZq
Xsc! A§p¶v F´v Acpfp¶p? F\n¡p {]Xn^ew e`n¡ptam?”
113
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Xncpta\n Acpfn: “ap¼v (Pmlnen¯nsâ Ime¯v) \nÀÆln¨
kpIrX§tfmSpIqSn¯s¶ \o CÉman {]thin¨ncn¡p¶Xv.”
blqZ·mcpsSbnSbnepw CXpt]mse ASna hntamN\w \S
¶ncp¶p. blqZ·mcmb ASnaIÄ¡v A\yaX¡mcmb ASnaIsf
¡mÄ IqSpX B\pIqey§fpw \ÂIs¸«ncp¶p.
apl½Zv\_nbpw ASnakv{XoIfpw
ASnaItfmSv s]mXpth C¯cw A\p`mh]qÀWamb at\m`mhw
{]ISn¸n¨ncp¶psh¦nepw bp²cwK¯psht¨m AÃmsXtbm
XShpImsc ASnaIfmbn ]nSn¡p¶Xn At±l¯n\v Hcp aSn
bpw D­mbncp¶nÃ. a\pjykvt\lnbmb Hcp hyànbmbn«Ã,
Hcp t]mcmfnbmbn«mWv apl½Zv ImWs¸«ncp¶Xv. Xmsg sImSp
¡p¶ lZokv {i²n¡pI:
‘k A_v’(d)Â \n¶p \nthZ\w. Xncpta\n (k) ‘A_hm
CÂ’ sh¨v (Asæn h±m\nÂ) Fsâ AcnIneqsS t]mbn.
At¶cw Hcp hnjbs¯¡pdn¨v Xncpta\ntbmSp tNmZn¨p. cm{Xn
kab§fn _lpssZh hnizmknIfpsS Hcp hoSv B{Ian¡
s¸Sp¶p. At¶cw AhcpsS kv{XoIÄ¡pw Ip«nIÄ¡pw B]
¯p kw`hn¡m³ CShcp¶p. AXns\¡pdn¨v F´mWhnSp¶p
\nÀt±in¡p¶Xv? Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: “B kv{XoIfpw Ip«n
Ifpw B _lpssZhhnizmknIfn s]«hÀ Xs¶bmWtÃm.
AÃmlphn\pw Ahsâ ZqX\paÃmsX ta¨n Øew Øm]n
¡m³ A[nImcansöv Xncpta\n(k) Acpfp¶Xpw Rm³
tI«p.”23
C§s\ kv{XoItfbpw B{IaW¯n\p Ip«nItfbpw hnt[b
cm¡nb asämcp kw`hhpw _pJmcn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p­v:
“A\kv (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. Xncpta\n (k) ssJ_À
B{Ian¨ L«¯n AhnsS sh¨mWv R§Ä kp_vln \akvI
cn¨Xv. At¸mÄ t\cw icn¡p ]peÀ¶pIgnªn«p­mbncp¶nÃ.
F¶n«v Xncpta\n hml\¯ntedn.... AhnSs¯ \nhmknIÄ
AhcpsS tPmenIÄ¡pth­n ]pd¯nd§nbt¸mÄ CXm apl
½Zpw ]«mfhpw F¶v A¼ct¸msS AhÀ ]dbm³ XpS§n.
A\kv ]dbp¶p, Ahkm\w iànsIm­mWv R§Ä ssJ_À

114
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Pbn¨S¡nbXv. F¶n«v bp²¯ShpImscsbÃmw Hcp Øe¯v
Hcpan¨p Iq«n. At¸mÄ ‘ssZhZqXsc!’ Cu bp²¯ShpImcnÂ
\n¶v Hcp s]¬InSmhns\ F\n¡p XcWsa¶t]£n¨psIm­v
Znlyp¯v h¶p. t]mbn Hcp s]¬InSmhns\ \osbSp¯psImÅp
Isb¶p Xncpta\n A\phZn¨p. At¸mÄ lpb¿nsâ aIÄ k^n
¿msbbmWv At±lw GsäSp¯Xv. DSs\ HcmÄ Xncpta\nbpsS
ASp¡Â h¶n«p DWÀ¯n, ‘ssZhZqXsc! Jpssdf, \fodv F¶o
c­p tKm{X§fn D¶X Øm\¯ncn¡p¶ Hcp alXnsb þ
k^n¿sb þ ChnS¶v Gev]n¨psImSp¯Xv Znlvb¯n\mWtÃm.
hmkvXh¯n B s]®v Xm¦Ä¡ÃmsX A\ptbmPybmhp
IbnÃ’. CXptI«t¸mÄ ‘Znly¯ns\ hnfn¡pI’sb¶v Xncpta\n
Acpfn. F¶n«v Xncpta\n Ahsf _Ôhnapàbm¡nbn«v hnhm
lw sNbvXp.”24
CXpt]mse asämcp bp²s¯XpSÀ¶mWv Pqsshcnb F¶
`mcytbbpw apl½Zv kzoIcn¡p¶Xv. C§s\ ]Xns\m¶p `mcy
amÀ D­mbncp¶ apl½Zn\v amcn¿m XpÂIn_vXn¿, ssdl\m,
kpsseJ XpS§nb \mep sh¸m«nIfpw D­mbncp¶p.25 CXn\p
]pdta bp²¯ShpImcmb kv{XoItfbpw At±lw Xsâ Imak
¼qÀ¯n¡v D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xmbpw ImWmw.26
apl½Zn\ptijw `cWw \S¯nbncp¶ Jen^mamcpw aäp
apÉow `cWm[nImcnIfpw kv{XoItfmSpw ASnaItfmSpw GXm­v
CtX \ne]mSpXs¶bmWv XpSÀ¶ncp¶Xv. C¶pw ASna¯w
\ne\n¡p¶Xv Npcp¡w Nne Ad_n cmPy§fnemWv. kv{Xo
tbmSv apl½Zp \_n¡p­mbncp¶ kao]\w ASp¯ A[ymb
¯n hnhcn¡p¶p­v.

115
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
References:
1. JpÀB³, 16:75
2. Ibid., 2: 178
3. X^vkodp JpÀB³, ]c¸\§mSn (1981) t]Pv 30.
4. JpÀB³, 4:25
5. hnip² JpÀB³ hnhcWw (H¶mw ]IpXn, aq¶mw hmeyw),
tImgnt¡m«v (1981), t]Pv 73.
6. klolp _pJmcn (kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa)
tImgnt¡mSv (1970), lZokv, 1480.
7. Ibid., lZokv, 81
8. JpÀB³
9. Ibid., 33:50
10. Ibid., 4:24
11. Roberts, Robert, The Social Laws of the Qoran, (New Delhi,
1978), p.11; Hughes, Thomas Patric, Dictionary of Islam, (Lon-
don, 1885).
12. auehn, kn.F³. Al½Zv, CÉmw Hcp ka{K]T\w, (tImgnt¡mSv,
1976), t]Pv, 333.
13. Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, (Leiden, 1953). pp-3.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid, p. 602
17. JpÀB³, 4:92.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., 5:89
20. klolp _pJmcn, lZokv : 1102
21. Ibid., lZokv : 1110
22. Ibid., lZokv : 1111
23. Ibid., lZokv : 1254
24. Ibid., lZokv : 235
25. A_p, apÉow cmPy Ncn{Xw, t]Pv 23.
26. JpÀB³, 33:50

116
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

9
{Iqcamb in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä
apÉow cmPy§fn \S¡p¶ {Iqchpw {]mIrXhpamb in£mk
{¼Zmb§sf¸änbpÅ hnhc§Ä tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ ]cnjvIrXcm
b BfpIÄ sR«nt¸mImdp­v. tamjvSn¡p¶hsâ ssI sh«pI,
hy`nNcn¡p¶hsc Fdnªp sImÃpI, hoªp IpSn¡p¶hsc
s]mXpØe¯psh¨v ASn¡pI XpS§nbh AXn NneXp
am{XamWv. Cu \nba§Äs¡Ãmw ASnØm\w JpÀBs\m lZo
kpItfm BWv. AXnsâ ASnØm\¯n h¶ hymJym\§fpw
CXnÂs]Spw. Ahsb sam¯¯n icn A¯v \nba§Ä F¶p
hnfn¡p¶p. Ahsb¸än Hcp apÉow ]ÞnX³ hnhcn¡p¶Xv
C§s\bmWv:
“icn A¯v F¶m imcn Csâ \nba§fmWv. AXnsâ
auenIXXz§Ä {][m\ambpw \mep Imcy§fn HXp§n\nÂ
¡p¶p. Ah InXm_v, kp¶¯v, CPvamAv, Jnbmkv F¶o \mep
e£y§fmWv. Ahbn {]Yahpw {][m\hpambXv AÃmlp
hnsâ InXm_mb hnip² JpÀB³ BWs{X. AXnsâ hymJym
\klnXapÅ Dt±iw {]hmNI\mb apl½Zp\_n(k)bnÂ
\n¶v klm_¯phgn e`n¨n«pÅXpw Ah ]qÀÆnI·mcmb ap^
ÊndpIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXpamWv.... c­mas¯ auenI
XXzw dkqÂIcnw(k)bpsS Xncpkp¶¯pIfmWv. \_n(k)bp
sS {]hr¯nIÄ, \nÀt±i§Ä, au\m\phmZ§Ä F¶nhbv¡m
Wv AhnSps¯ NcyIÄ F¶ AÀ°¯n kp¶¯pIÄ F¶p
]dbp¶Xv.... kp¶¯pIsf lZokpIsf¶pw ]dªphcp¶p...
aq¶mas¯ auenIe£yw CPvam BWv. \_n (k)bpsS Ime
tijw Hcp Ime¯pÅ apPvXlnZpIfmb ]ÞnX·mscÃmw Hcp

117
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Imcy¯n tbmPn¡pI F¶pÅXmWv... \memas¯ auenI
e£yw JnbmkmWv. hyàamb hn[n JpÀB\n \nt¶m kp¶
¯n \nt¶m e`n¡m¯ Hcp hnjb¯n h¶ hn[nsb _m[
Iam¡pI F¶XmWv JnbmkvsIm­v Dt±in¡s¸«n«pÅXv....
{]kvXpX \mep auenIe£y§fpsS ASnØm\¯n ]qÀÆnI
]ÞnX·mÀ tcJs¸Sp¯nsh¨ hn[nIÄ¡pw \nba§Ä¡p
amWv icn A¯p \nba§Ä F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.”1
Jnbmkv F¶ ]Z¯nsâ ]cymbamWv CPvXnlmZv. JpÀB\n
tâbpw lZokpIfptSbpw ASnØm\¯n ]ÞnX·mÀ Hmtcm
Ipä¯n\pw \ÂtI­ in£Ifpw aäpw tcJs¸Sp¯nsh¨p. Ch
sb ‘^nJvlv’ F¶p hnfn¡p¶p. JpÀB\pw lZokpIfpw Ign
ªm apÉo§sf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw hfsc {][m\s¸«h
bmWv Ch. IpSpw_PohnXw, hyàn_Ôw, aXImcy§Ä, sImSp
¡Â hm§Â XpS§nbhsb kw_Ôn¨pÅ FÃm \nba§fpw
^nJvln s]Spw.2 shdpw Hcp tKm{XcmPysa¶ \nebnÂ\n¶pw
henb km{amPyambn CÉmw hfÀ¶t¸mÄ \nba§Ä t{ImUoI
cnt¡­Xv AhÀ¡mhiyambn. kndnbbnepw aZo\bnepw Cdm
¡nepsams¡ AXn\pth­nbpÅ {ia§Ä XpSÀ¶p. C§s\
\nba§Ä t{ImUoIcn¨hcn {]apJÀ A_pl\o^ (lnPvd
80þ150), Camw amenIv (ln. 90þ179), amw AlvaZv (ln. 164þ241) F
¶nhcmWv. ChcpsS IrXnIsf ‘aZvl_pIÄ’ F¶p hnfn¡p¶p.
lnPvd \memw \qäm­n\ptijw aZvl_pIÄ D­mbn«nÃ. CÉmw
aX¯nse \nba§Ä Bbncw hÀj§Ä¡pap¼p cq]oIcn¨
XmWv. AXn amäw hcp¯m³ ]mSnsömWv bmYmØnXnI
apÉo§ fpsS ]£w. t\sc adn¨v Ime¯n\\pkcn¨v AXnÂ
amä§Ä hcp¯msa¶p hmZn¡p¶hcpw [mcmfamWv . hfsc
hn]peamb Hcp hnjbamWv CÉmanse in£m\nba§Ä.
Ahsb¸än ka{Kambn hnhcn¡phm³ ChnsS \nhr¯nbnÃ.
F¦nepw Hcp Imcyw XoÀ¨bmWv. {]mNo\ tKm{XhÀK¡mÀ¡nS
bn \ne\n¶ncp¶ {Iqcamb in£mk{¼Zmb§fpsS XpSÀ
¨bmWXv. Nne {][m\ Ipä§Ä¡p hn[n¡p¶ in£Isf¸än
am{Xw ChnsS hnhcn¡mw.

118
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
aXhntcm[nIÄ
CÉmwaXs¯ FXnÀ¡p¶hÀ¡pw B aX¯n tNÀ¶Xn\p
tijw AXn \n¶p hn«pt]mIp¶hÀ¡pw ITn\amb in£
bmWv \_nbpw A\pbmbnIfpw hn[n¨ncp¶Xv.
“AÃmlphnt\mSpw Ahsâ ZqXt\mSpw kacw sN¿pIbpw
`qanbn Ipg¸ap­m¡phm\mbn HmSn\S¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ
¡pÅ {]Xn^ew Ahsc h[n¡pItbm {Iqin¡pItbm Ahcp
sS ssIImepIÄ Hmtcm¶nShn«p apdn¡pItbm Asæn (Ah
cpsS P·`qanbn \n¶v Ahsc \mSpIS¯pItbm am{XamWv. ”3
“_lp ssZhhnizmknIsf ImWpt¶S¯psh¨v sIm¶p If
bpI, (kuIcyw In«pt¼mÄ) Ahsc XShpImcmbn ]nSn¡pI.
(AhcpsS KXn ap«nt¡­Xn¶v) Ahsc hfbpI. ]Xnbncn¡p
hm³ ]änb FÃm Øe§fnepw Ahsc ]nSnIqSphm³ ]Xnbncn
¡pI.”4
“kXyhnizmknItf! _lp ssZhhnizmknIÄ Aip²cmWv.
AXpsIm­v BZcWobamb tZhmebs¯ Cs¡mïn\pti
jw AhÀ kao]n¡(t]mepw) AcpXv.”5
“AXpsIm­v kXy\ntj[nIsf (bp²thfbnÂ) \n§Ä
I­pap«nbm ]ncSn¡p sh«ns¡mÅpI.”6
“(kXyhnizmknIsf!) AÃmlphnepw A´yZn\¯nepw hniz
kn¡m¯hcpw AÃmlphpw Xsâ ZqX\pw \ntcm[n¨Xv \njn²
am¡n shbv¡m¯hcpw kXyaX¯n\p Iogvs]«p Pohn¡m¯
hcpamb thZ¡mtcmSv (bp²w sN¿p¶XnÂ) Ipäsam¶panÃ.
AhÀ Ct§m«v B{Ian¡p¶]£w AhtcmSv At§m«pw bp²w
sNbvXpsImÅpI. AhÀ (Bbp[wsh¨v) CÉmansâ `cW¯n\p
Iogvs¸SpIbpw (AXn¶p ZrjvSm´ambn AhcpsS Ignhn \n¶v
Pnknb (\nIpXn) XcnIbpw sN¿p¶Xphsc \n§Ä bp²w XpS
tc­XmWv.”7
“hÃh\pw CÉmsamgn¨v aäp hà aXhpat\zjn¡p¶ps­¦nÂ
AXv (Hcn¡epw) Ahsâ ]¡Â\n¶p kzoIcn¡s¸SpIbnÃ.”8
“kXyhnizmknIsf! \n§sf D·qe\w sN¿m³ KqVmtem
N\ sNbvXpsIm­ncn¡p¶ PqX·mscbpw {InkvXym\nIsfbpw
Bßan{X§fpw klmbnIfpam¡n shbv¡cpXv... A{IanIfmb
119
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
A¯cw P\§Ä¡v AÃmlp amÀKZÀi\w \ÂIpIbnÃ.”9
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn.... Xm³ kzoIcn¨ CÉmwaXs¯bpw
apÉow kaqls¯bpw shSnªp t]mIp¶hs\ h[n¡mw.”10
tamjWw
tamjW¡pä¯n\v hfsc ISp¯ in£IfmWv CÉmwaXw hn[n
¡p¶Xv. JpÀB³ hN\w ImWpI:
“tamjvSn¡p¶h\pw tamjvSn¡p¶hfpw {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\pÅ
{]Xn^eambpw Ahsc ]mTw ]Tn¸n¡p¶hn[w AÃmlphn¦Â
\n¶pÅ in£bmbpw AhÀ c­p t]cptSbpw ssIIÄ \n§Ä
apdn¨p IfbpI.”11
apl½Zv C¯cw in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä Iptd¡qSn {Iqcambn
«mWv \S¸m¡nbncp¶Xv. Hcn¡Â \_nbpsS H«I¡mcs\ sIm
¶n«v Dssd\ tKm{X¯nse NnebmfpIÄ At±l¯nsâ H«I§
sf sXfn¨psIm­pt]mbn. XpSÀ¶p­mb kw`h§Ä ‘klo
lp _pJmcn’bn hnhcn¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
“]peÀ¨bv¡pXs¶ Xncpta\n¡v B hnhcw In«n. Xncpta\n
Ahsc ]nSn¡m³ Bsf Ab¨p. kqcy³ Iptd s]m§n¡gnª
t¸mtg¡v Ahsc sIm­ph¶p. DSs\ AhcpsS I¿pw Imepw
apdn¡m\pw AhcpsS I®p s]m«n¡m\pw Ahsc Np«p]gp¯
IÃn InS¯m\pw Iev]n¨p. At¶cw AhÀ shůn¶t]£n
¨psIm­ncp¶p. ]t£, AhÀ¡p shÅw \ÂInbnÃ.”12
I¿pw Imepw sh«n, I®pw s]m«n¨v Hcmsf Np«p]gp¯ IÃnÂ
InS¯ns¡mÃpI! B kab¯v Hcnäp shÅwt]mepw sImSp¡m
Xncn¡pI!! C{X ss]imNnIamb in£m\S]Sn GXm\pw H«I
§sf tamjvSn¨Xn\msW¶v HmÀ¡Ww. B hn[n Iev]n¨bm
fnsâ Ncn{Xw FSp¯p t\m¡nbmtem? F{Xsb{X sImÅI
fmWv apl½Zpw A\pbmbnIfpw IqSn \S¯nbn«pÅXv! \nch[n
A d_n tKm{X§tfbpw bqZ-ss{IkvXh IpSpw_§tfbpw
sImÅ bSn¡p¶Xn\v apl½Zv t\XrXzw \ÂInbn«p­v. am{XaÃ,
A§ s\ sImÅbSn¨p In«p¶Xn A©nsem¶v Xsâ hnlnX
ambn At±lw ssI¸äpIbpw sNbvXncp¶p F¶pÅXn\pw JpÀ
B\n Xs¶ sXfnhp­v.13 apl½Zpw A\pbmbnIfpw IqSn

120
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\S¯nb sImÅIfpsS ]e IYIfpw lZokpIfn ImWmw.
apÉo§Ä¡v Ifhv BImsa¶v Hcn¡Â \_n ]dªXv AXp
sIm­mhmw. klolp _pJmcnbn C§s\ ImWp¶p:
Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn; Fsâ \mY¦Â \n¶p, Fsâ ASp¡Â
HcmÄ h¶p. F¶ns«t¶mSp ]dªp: “AÃmlphnsâ A[nImcm
hImi§fn aämscbpw ]¦p tNÀ¡msX Fsâ kapZmb¯nÂ
s]« hÃh\pw acWaSªm Ah³ kzÀK¯n {]thin¨p
Ignªp.” Rm³ (A_qZÀdv) tNmZn¨p: “Ah³ Ifhp \S¯pI
bpw hy`nNcn¡pIbpw sNbvXmepw kzÀK¯n {]thin¡ptam?”
Xncpta\n Acpfn: “AsX, Ah³ tamjvSn¡pIbpw hy`nNcn¡p
Ibpw sNbvXmepw kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pw.”14
hy`nNmcw
“\n§Ä hy`nNmcs¯ kao]n¡pI (t]mepw) AcpXv. AXp
\oNIrXyhpw Zpjn¨ amÀKhpamIp¶p”14 F¶v JpÀB\n hyà
ambn ]dªn«p­v. Ahbv¡p \ÂtI­ in£bpw JpÀ B\nÂ
hyàam¡p¶p:
“hy`nNcn¡p¶ kv{Xo, ]pcpj³ Chcntemtcmcp¯tcbpw
\qdp hoXw ASn¡pI. AÃmlphnsâ \nbaw \S¸nÂhcp¯p
t¼mÄ AhÀ c­pt]cptSbpw Imcy¯n \n§Ä¡v Zb tXm
¶mXncn¡s«.”16
hy`nNmc¯n\v ASnin£ am{Xta JpÀB\n hn[n¡p¶p
Åq. F¶m apl½ZpXs¶ hy`nNmcnIsf IsÃdnªp
sImÃm³ IÂ]n¨Xmbn lZokpIfn hnhcn¡p¶p:
“PqX·mÀ Xncpta\n (k)bpsS ASp¡Â h¶n«v AhcpsS
Iq«¯nse Hcp kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw hy`nNcn¨Xmbn tIkp
]dªp. At¶cw Xncpta\n (k) AhtcmSp tNmZn¨p: “Fdnªp
sImÃp¶ in£sb¸än \n§fpsS thZ{KÙamb Xudm¯nÂ
F´mWv \n§Ä I­n«pÅXv?” AhÀ ]dªp: “R§fhsc
A]am\n¡pw. Nm«hmdpsIm­Sn¡pIbpw sN¿pw.” DSs\ A_vZp
Ãmlphn\v kemw (d) ]dªp: “IÅamWp \n§Ä ]dbp¶Xv.
FdnªpsImÃm³ hn[nbp­tÃm.” At¸mÄ AhÀ Xudm¯v
sIm­ph¶p \nhÀ¯n. F¶n«v Ahcn Hcp¯³ Fdnªp

121
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
sImÃm\pÅ hn[n Ccn¡p¶ hmIy¯n³aosX Xsâ ssI sh¨p.
F¶n«v AXn\pap¼pw tijhpapÅ `mK§Ä hmbn¨p. At¶cw
A_vZpÃmln_v\p kemw (d) Aht\mSp ]dªp: “\o \nsâ
ssI FSp¡q” Ah³ Xsâ ssI DbÀ¯n. At¸mgXm AhnsS
Fdnªp sImÃm\pÅ hn[nbp­v. At¶cw PqX·mÀ ]dªp:
“CbmÄ ]dªXv kXyamWv apl½Zv, AXn FdnªpsImÃm
\pÅ hn[nbp­v.” A§s\ AhÀ c­pt]scbpw Xncpta\n
(k) Iev]n¨X\pkcn¨v FdnªpsIm¶p.”17
\_n \S¸m¡nb asämcp in£bnXmWv. Pqssl\nbm tKm{X
¡mcnbmb Hcp kv{Xo dkqensâ k¶n[nbn h¶v C§s\
t_m[n¸n¡pIbp­mbn: “AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNIsc! Rm³
hy`nNmcin£bv¡v AÀlbmbncn¡p¶p. B in£ AhnSp¶v
Fsâ ta \S¯pI. Rm³ KÀ`nWnbpamWv.” DSs\ B kv{Xo
bpsS c£IÀ¯mhns\ hnfn¨p Xncpta\n C{]Imcw Iev]n¨p.
“Chsf {]khw Ignbp¶Xphsc k{i²w kwc£n¡pI. {]k
hm\´cw Fsâ ASp¡Â sIm­phcnI.” {]khw Ignª
tijw B kv{Xosb Xncpta\nbpsS k¶n[nbn sIm­ph¶p.
Xncpta\n Ahsf Fdnªp sImÃphm³ Iev]n¨ {]Imcw Fdnb
s¸SpIbpw AXn AhÄ sImÃs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.”18
C\n asämcp kw`hw: CamCkv(d) dkqen (k) sâ k¶n[n
bn BKX\mbn t_m[n¸n¨p. “AÃmlphnsâ ZqXsc! Rm³
hy`nNcn¨ncn¡p¶p. AXn\pÅ {]Xn{Inb Fsâ ta \S¯n
bmepw. in£bn \n¶v Hgnhm¡phm\mbn At±lt¯mSv Nne
tNmZy§Ä AhnS¶p tNmZn¨psh¦nepw in£bv¡v AÀl\mbn
¯otc­nh¶p. At±ls¯ ‘_¡oDÂ DdIZv’ F¶ Øe¯p
sIm­pt]mbn ItÃdv Bcw`n¨p. {]mWthZ\aqew At±lw
HmSn. F¦nepw GdpImÀ At±ls¯ Fdnªphogv¯pIXs¶
sNbv Xp.”19
JpÀB\pw lZokpIfpw {i²m]qÀÆw hmbn¡p¶ HcmÄ¡v,
hy`nNmc¯n\v C{X I\¯ in£ \ÂIm³ apl½Zn\pÅ Ah
Imis¯¸än kwibw tXm¶pw. hnhmlnX\mb Hcp ]pcpjt\m
kv{Xotbm kz´w CWbpambÃmsX \S¯p¶ ssewKnI_Ô
¯n\mWv km[mcWbmbn hy`nNmcw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. B AÀ
122
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
°¯nemsW¦n ]Xns\m¶p `mcyamcp­mbncp¶ apl½Zv,
B hnhml_Ô§fpsS ]pd¯v F{Xb[nIw kv{XoIfpambn
_Ôs¸«p! Hchkc¯n l^vk F¶ `mcybpsS ho«nÂsh¨v
the¡mcnbpambn At±lw ssewKnI_Ôw \S¯nb IY ap¼p
Nq­n¡m«nbn«p­v.20 bp²¯n XShpImcmbn ]nSn¨n«pÅ kv
{XoIfpambpw ]nXrktlmZc ]p{XnIfpw amXrktlmZc ]p{XnI
fpsams¡bmbn At±lw ssewKnI_Ôw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶p. 21
B \nebn hy`nNmc¯n\pÅ in£bv¡v Gähpw AÀl³
apl½Zp\_nbmsW¶phcpw.
cXnsshIrX§Ä
kzhÀKkwt`mKw, hZ\kpcXw, Kplyt`mKw XpS§nb Ipä§Ä
¡pw ISp¯ in£ JpÀB³ Iev]n¨n«p­v.
“\n§fpsS kv{XoIfnÂsh¨v ZpÀhr¯nbn {]thin¡p¶hÀ
s¡Xncmbn, \n§fnepÅ \mep t]sc km£n \ndp¯pI. A§
s\ AhÀ km£n\n¶pIgnªm acWw AhcpsS BbpÊv
Ahkm\n¸n¡pItbm Asæn AÃmlp AhÀ¡v (B ZpÀhr
¯nbn \n¶v tamN\w t\Sm\pÅ aäp) amÀKw Xpd¶psImSp
¡pItbm sN¿pwhtcbv¡pw Ahsc hoSpIfn XSªp \ndp
¯pI.”22
hrXrkvXamb Fs´¦nepw cXnioew ImWn¨ kv{Xosb Poh
]cy´w XShnenSWas{X! C\n ]pcpj\mWv A§s\ sN¿p¶
sX¦ntem?
“\n§fnÂsh¨v AXn (ZpÀhr¯nbnÂ) {]thin¡p¶ c­p
]pcpj·msc (DNnXamb \S]SnIÄ aqew) hnjan¸n¡pI.
]n¶oSv AhÀ c­p t]cpw ]Ým¯]n¡pIbpw (PohnXw) \¶m
¡n¯oÀ¡pIbpw sNbvsX¦n Ahsc hnSpI.”22
AÃmlpsh¶ {Iqc³
{Iqcamb in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä GÀs¸Sp¯nb apl½Zp\_n
bpsS `mh\bn cq]wsIm­ AÃmlp F¶ ssZhw a\pjy\v
`mh\ sN¿mhp¶ {IqcXIfpsS BsI¯pIbmWv. `qanbnÂ
P\n ¡p¶ Hmtcm hyànbpw F§s\sbms¡ Pohn¡Wsa¶v
KÀ`¯nÂsh¨pXs¶ ae¡nt\s¡m­v AÃmlp Hmtcmcp¯cp

123
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
tSbpw Xebn FgpXn¡p¶ps­¶v lZokn ImWp¶p. A§
s\sb¦n `qanbn a\pjy³ sN¿p¶ Hcp sXän\pw Ah³ D
¯chmZnbÃ. AYhm A§s\ Hcp hn[nbnsöp IcpXnbm
tem? F¦nÂXs¶ IqSnbm \qdpsImÃw hcp¶ PohnX¯nÂ
sN¿p¶ sXäpIÄ¡v a\pjy\v F´p in£ sImSp¡m³ Ignbpw!
apÉow \cIs¯¸änbpÅ hÀW\ tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ C{X {Iqc\m
bncp¶tÃm AÃmlp F¶p tXm¶nt¸mIpw. JpÀB\nse Nne
hnhcW§Ä XmsgsImSp¡p¶p:
“\½psS ZrjvSm´§sf \ntj[n¨hsc ASp¯pXs¶ Aán
bn \mw {]thin¸n¡pw. (AXnsâ D{KX \nan¯w) AhcpsS
NÀ½w Icnªpt]mIpt¼msgÃmw XÂØm\¯v aäp Nne NÀ½
§Ä \mw amänshbv¡pw. (AXp) in£ AhÀ icn¡pw cpNn¨p
t\m¡phm³ th­nbmWv.”24
“kXys¯ \ntj[n¡p¶hcmtcm AhÀ¡v AánbpsS hkv
{Xw apdn¨psImSp¡pw. AhcpsS Xebv¡paotX ITn\amb NqSpsh
Åw Hgn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. X·qew AhcpsS NÀ½hpw hbdnep
ÅXpw DcpInt¸mIpw. AhÀ¡mbn Ccp¼nsâ Nne ZÞpIfp­m
bncn¡pw. ZpxJw aqew \cI¯n \n¶p ]pd¯pt]mIm³ Dt±in
¡pt¼msgÃmw Ahsc AXnte¡p Xncn¨phnSpw. (AhtcmSp
]dbpw) AánbpsS in£ H¶p cpNn¨p t\m¡pI.”25
( “Ct¸mÄ \n§Ä H¶p Nn´n¨p t\m¡pI) CXmtWm DÂIr
jvSamb k¡mchn`hw? AtXm kJpw hr£tam? B hr£
s¯ B{IanIÄ¡pÅ in£bmbn«mWv \mw sh¨ncn¡p¶Xv?
\cI¯n\nSbn \n¶v apf¨ps]m´p¶ Hcp hr£amWXv. AXn
sâ Ipe ]nimNp¡fpsS Xet]msebncn¡pw. IpähmfnIÄ
AXn \n¶mWv `£n¡pI. F¶n«XpsIm­v AhÀ hbdp \nd
bv¡pw. ]n¶oSv AXn\p aotX Ign¡m³ ITn\amb NqSpÅ shÅ
¯nsâ Hcp Iq«pw AhÀ¡p \ÂIpw. A\´cw AhcpsS aS¡
hpw \cI¯ntebv¡p Xs¶bmbncn¡pw.”26
(AhcpsS in£ AXpsIm­v Ahkm\n¨pthm? CÃ) AXn
¶¸pdw \cIap­v. (AhnsSsh¨v) Ah\p IpSn¡m³ sImSp¡p
¶Xv càhpw Nehpw tNÀ¶ ]m\obambncn¡pw. (ITn\ Zmlw
aqew) hfsc hnjan¨psIm­v AhÀ AX§p IpSn¡pw ]t£,
124
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Iogvt]m«v Cd¡m³ IgnbpIbnÃ. FÃm `mK§fn \n¶pw acWw
Ahsâ ASp¡te¡v hcpw. ]t£, Ah³ acn¡pIbnÃ. (AXp
sIm­v Ahkm\nt¨m? CÃ) AXn\¸pd¯mWv AXnITn\
in£bpÅXv.”27
hfsc {lkzamb PohnX ImeL«¯n sN¿p¶ sXäpIÄ
¡mWv Ahkm\anÃm¯ Cu in£ \ÂIp¶Xv. AÃmlphn
s\bpw Ahsâ ZqXt\bpw \ntj[n¡p¶hÀ¡pw AwKoIcn¡m
¯hÀ¡pw Ahkm\anÃm¯ Cu in£bmWv \ÂIp¶Xv. Phm
lÀem t\lr, almßmKmÔn, se\n³, tXmakv s]bn³,
CwKÀ tkmÄ, ImÄ amÀIvkv, _À{Sâ v dÊÂ XpS§nb F{Xtbm
alm³amÀ AÃmlphnsâ aXw AwKoIcn¡m¯hcmbp­mbncp
¶p. AhÀs¡Ãmw AÃmlp sImSp¡m³ t]mIp¶Xv imizXamb
Cu \cIamsW¦nÂ, B AÃmlphns\ kvt\ln¡mt\m Bcm
[n¡mt\m kwkv¡mck¼¶\mb Hcp a\pjy\pw km²yaÃ.

125
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
References:
1. A_vZ p JmZnÀ apÉnbmÀ, Fw.F, apÉowIfpw icoA¯v
\nba§fpw, (tNfmcn, 1974) t]Pv 10-13.
2. Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, p. 102.
3. JpÀB³, 5:33
4. Ibid., 9:5
5. Ibid., 9:28
6. Ibid., 47:4
7. Ibid., 9:29
9. Ibid., 5:51
10. klolp _pJmcn, 2089
11. JpÀB³, 5:38
12. klolp _pJmcn, 167
13. JpÀB³, 8:41
14. klolp _pJmcn, 610
15. JpÀB³, 17:32
16. Ibid., 24:2
17. klolp _pJmcn, 1476
18. Ipªn_mh apÉnbmÂ, ]n.sI., CÉmanse kmaqly\nba§Ä:
kqd¯¶qÀ ]cn`mj, (XriqÀ, 1981), t]Pv. 20
19. Ibid., t]Pv 20-21
20. X^vkodp JpÀB³, 66:1
21. JpÀB³, 33:50
22. Ibid., 4:15
23. Ibid., 4:16
24. Ibid., 4:56
25. Ibid., 22 : 19-22
26. Ibid., 37 : 62-68
27. Ibid., 14 : 16-17

126
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

10
apÉow kzÀKw!
CÉmwaXw AwKoIcn¡m¯hÀ¡v AÃmlp \ÂIp¶ imizX
amb in£sb´msW¶v Ignª A[ymb¯n \½Ä ImWp
Ibp­mbn. i{Xp¡tfmSv bmsXmcp Zbbpw CÃmXncp¶ {Iqc
\mb Hcp aX `cWta[mhnbpsS `mh\bn hnfªXmWv B
\cIw. AtX `mh\bn cq]saSp¯ apÉow kzÀKamIs« Hcp
hy`nNmc imebpsS Nn{XamWv \ap¡p \ÂIp¶Xv. AanXamb
ssewKnImkàn apän\n¶ Hcp hyànbpsS at\mcmPy¯nÂ
hncnªXmWXv. kzÀKs¯¸än JpÀB\nepw lZokpIfnepap
Å hnhcW§fn NneXv ChnsS D²cn¡mw.
“(AÃmlphnÂ) hnizkn¡pIbpw k¡À½§Ä (^Àkp
Ifpw kp¶¯pIfpw) A\pjvTn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶htcmSv \nÝbw
AhÀ¡v (AXnse hr£§fptSbpw amfnIIfptSbpw Xmgv`mK
¯qsS Hen¡p¶ \ZnIfpÅ tXm«§Ä Ds­¶p Xm¦Ä kt´m
jhmÀ¯ Adnbn¡pI. B (tXm«§fnepÅ) ImbvI\nIfnÂ
s]« Blmcw AhÀ¡v `£n¸n¡s¸Spt¼msgÃmw AhÀ
]dbpw, CXp R§Ä¡v (kzÀK¯n sh¨v) ap¼p \ÂIs¸«Xm
sW¶v. AhÀ¡v AXv (B `£Ww) kmZriyapÅ hn[¯nÂ
sIm­phcs¸Sp¶p (hÀW¯n kmZriyapÅXpw cpNnbnÂ
`n¶ambXpw). AhÀ¡Xn (BÀ¯hcàw XpS§nb FÃm
amen\y§fn \n¶pw kwip²cmb) lqdnIfpw AÃm¯hcpamb
]Xv\nIfpap­v. AhcXn imizXcmbn hnizkn¡p¶hcs{X.”1
“AhÀ¡hnsS ]cnip²cmb Nne CWIfpap­mbncn¡pw.
AXnhninjvSamb XWenemWv Ahsc \mw {]thin¸n¡pI.”2
“kXyhnizmkw ssIs¡m­hÀ¡pw k¡À½w A\pjvTn

127
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¨hÀ¡pamIs«, ^nÀZuknse tXm«§fmWv k¡mchn`h§
fmbn e`n¡pI”3
kzÀK¯n AWnbp¶ hkv{X§Ä F´msW¶v asämcp
`mK¯p ]dbp¶p:
“(AánbpsS hkv{X§Ä¡p]Icw) kzÀW¯nsâ hfIfpw
ap¯pIfpamWv Ae¦mc¯n\mbn AWnbn¡pI. AhnsS Ah
cpsS hkv{Xw ]«mbncn¡pw.”40
kzÀK¯nepw kzÀW¯n\pw ]«phkv{X¯n\pw {]m[m\yw!
“Ahcpw AhcpsS CWIfpw XWepIfn ØnXnsN¿p¶
AewIrXamb Nne I«nepIfn NmcnbmWv Ccn¡pI. AhÀ¡
hnsS ]g§fp­v. (AXn\p ]pdsa) AhÀ¡mhiyapÅsXÃm
ap­v.”5
I«nepItf¡mÄ Ccn¡m³ kuIcy{]Zamb tkm^Ifpw aäpw
F´psIm­mWmthm kzÀK¯n CSm¯Xv? JpÀB³ cNn
¡p¶ Ime¯v AÃmlphn\pw {]hmNI\pw AtX¸än Adnhp­m
bncp¶ncn¡bnÃ!
“Nne I«nepIfnt·epw ]ckv]cw A`napJambvs¡m­pamWv
(AhnsS AhÀ Ccn¡pI). HcpXcw ]m\obw \nd¨ Nne tIm¸I
fpwsIm­v AhcpsS ap¼n (NneÀ) Npän¯ncnªpsIm­n
cn¡pw. (AXv) shfp¯Xpw IpSn¡m³ cpNnbpÅXpambncn¡pw.
AXn H«pw tZmjap­mbncn¡bnÃ; AXpaqew Ahsc elcn
_m[n¡pIbpanÃ. hnime§fmb I®pItfmSpIqSnbhcpw I®p
IÄ \nb{´n¨p sh¨hcpamb (]Xn{hXIfmb) XcpWnIfpw
AhcpsSbSp¡Â D­mbncn¡pw. B XcpWnIÄ ]m{X§fnÂ
AS¨p kq£n¨ncn¡p¶ ap«IÄ t]msebncn¡pw.”6
kzÀK¯nse kv{XoIÄ kahbkvIcmbncn¡psa¶v asämcp
`mK¯v \_n ]dªn«p­v.7 (Ccp]¯m©mas¯ hbÊn \mev
]XpImcntbbpw A³]Xp IgnªXn\p tijw Bdp hbÊpImcn
tbbpw IeymWw Ign¨ apl½Zn\v Zm¼XyPohnX¯n {]mb
hyXymkw sIm­p­mIp¶ _p²nap«pIÄ \¶mbn A\p`hs¸
«ncn¡Ww!) ta¡pta X«pIfmbn \nÀ½n¨ hmkØm\§
fmWs{X kzÀK¯n e`n¡p¶Xv.8 kzÀW¯fnIfpw ]m\]m{X

128
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
§fpw AhnsSbp­v. ]t£, Ahbpambn hcp¶Xv Nne tkhI
·mÀ (Zmk·mÀ) BsW¶p tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ9 \n§Ä AZv`pXs¸
tS­. apÉow kzÀK¯n Xmgv¶ Xc¡mcmb Zmk·mÀ D­v.
DbÀ¨XmgvNIÄ kzÀK¯nepw XpScp¶p!
“shÅ \ndhpw hnimem£nIfpamb Nne XcpWnIsf” kzÀK
hmknIÄ¡v AÃmlp CWtNÀ¯p sImSp¡pw. 10 kzÀK¯nse
ØnXn asämcp `mK¯p hÀWn¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
“AXn shÅsamgpIp¶ Nne AcphnIfp­v. B shÅw
Zpjn¨p t]mbn«nÃ. ]msemgpIp¶ Nne AcphnIfpap­v. AXnsâ
cpNn¡pw amäw h¶n«nÃ. IpSn¡p¶hÀ¡v cpNnIcamb aZysamgp
Ip¶ Nne AcphnIfp­v. ip²oIcns¨Sp¯ tXs\mgpIp¶ Nne
AcphnIfpap­v.” 11
apl½Zp\_n aZy]m\s¯ FXnÀ¯ncps¶¦nepw At±l
¯nsâ kzÀKcmPy¯n aZyw HgpIp¶ AcphnIfp­v. aZy]
·mÀ hnjant¡­. `qanbnepÅ sNdnb Imew aZy]n¡mXncp
¶m aXn, kzÀK¯nse¯nbm ]Ww apS¡msX AcphnbnÂ
\n¶v CjvSwt]mse aZy]n¡mw. amwk¯n\p AhnsS Zmcn{Zyap
­mhpIbnÃ.12 C\nbmWv \_nbpsS `mh\ ImSp Ibdp¶Xv:
“AWnbWnbmbn \nc¯nh¨ncn¡p¶ I«nepIfn AhÀ
Nmcn Ccn¡pw. shÅ \ndhpw hnimeamb I®pIfpapÅ (AYhm
anI¨ kuµcyapÅ) XcpWnIsf AhÀ¡v \mw CWtNÀ¯p
sImSp¡pw.”13
Bip]{XnIfn \nc¯n I«n C«ncn¡p¶Xpt]mse I«nen
«n«v XcpWnIfpambn can¡pI. CsXgpXp¶Ime¯v \_nbpsS
a\Êv ssewKnIImcy§fn F{Xam{Xw sshIrXw DÄs¡m­n
cp¶p F¶v Duln¡m³ Cu hN\w [mcmfw aXn. ]ÝmXycm
Py§fn ASp¯ Ime¯v {]Nmc¯n h¶ _lpt`mKw F¶
ssewKnIsshIrX¯nsâ asämcp cq]amWnXv. Nne ]mÝmXy
thiymeb§fn C¯cw GÀ¸mSpIÄ \S¡p¶p­s{X ! C§
s\ kzÀK¯nse _lpt`mKmhkc¯nÂ, “B\µ¯nsâbpw
BËmZ¯ntâbpw ]mcayw {]m]n¡pt¼mÄ ]m\ob§Ä \nd¨
tIm¸IÄ Rm³ F¶ `mh¯n ]ckv]cw ap³IS¶p IcØ
am¡n IpSn¡phm³ AhÀ AXypÕmlw ImWn¡pw... AhcpsS
129
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Nne ]cnNmcI·mÀ AhÀ¡nSbn Npän¯ncnªpsIm­n
cn¡pw.”14
]cnNmcI·mÀ ImWp¶Xv kzÀKhmknIÄ tamiambn IcpXp
¶p­mhnÃ. kzÀK¯nse I«nepIfn cXv\§Ä sIm¯n ]Xn
¨ncn¡pas{X.15 {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIm¯ _me·mcpambn cXn_Ô
¯n GÀs¸Sp¶Xv B[p\nI \nbakwlnXIÄ¡p ap¶nÂ
IpäIcamsW¦nepw apÉow kzÀK¯n CXv A\phZ\obam
sW¶p tXm¶p¶p. AhnsS imizXambn \nhkn¡p¶ Nne
_me·mÀ AhcpsS ap¼n Npän¯ncnªpsImt­bncn¡pw. 16
F¶p ]dbp¶Xnsâ AÀ°w asäm¶paÃ. kzÀK¯nse _me
·mÀ¡v Hcn¡epw {]mbamhpIbnÃ. {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIm¯ Ip«n
Isfs¡m­p tPmen sN¿n¨p F¶ Ipähpw AhnsS D­mhp
IbnÃ. ImcWw AÃmlphmWtÃm FÃm \nba§fptSbpw hn[m
Xmhv!
kzÀK¯nse A´co£s¯¸än asämcp `mK¯v ]dbp¶p:
“Nne tXm«§fpw ap´ncn¸g§fpw, apeIÄ c­pw s]m§n
\n¡p¶hcpw kahbkv¡cpamb bphXnIfpw, ]m\obw \nd¨p
h¨ncn¡p¶ Nne tIm¸IfpamWv AhÀ¡p e`n¡pI.”17
apeIÄ hoWpt]mb kv{XoItfmSpw {]mbhyXymkapÅhtcm
Spw apl½Zn\pÅ shdp¸mbncn¡Ww kzÀK¯n C¯c¡msc
kz]v\w ImWm³ At±ls¯ t{]cn¸n¨Xv.
C\nbpw lZokpIfn kzÀKs¯¸än ]dªncn¡p¶Xv
F´msW¶p t\m¡mw:
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: ]Xn¶memw cmhnse ]qÀWN{µtâ
Xmbncn¡pw H¶maXmbn kzÀK¯n {]thin¡p¶hcpsS
cq]w. AhchnsS Xp¸pItbm aq¡p NoäpItbm hnkÀÖ\w
\S¯pItbm sN¿pIbnÃ. AhnsS AhcpsS ]m{X§Ä kzÀW
ambncn¡pw. AhcpsS No¸pIÄ kzÀWwsIm­pw shÅnsIm­p
apÅhbpw. AhÀ kpKÔ{Zhy§Ä ]pIbn¡p¶ IpänIfnÂ
‘DuZv’ (Hcp kpKÔ{Zhyw) BWv ]pIbv¡pI. IkvXqcnbptSXm
bncn¡pw AhcpsS hnbÀ¸nsâ aWw. Ahcn Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw
Cuc­p `mcyamÀ hoXap­mbncn¡pw. kuµcym[nIy¯mÂ

130
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AhcpsS IW¦mepIfnse amwk¯n\pÅnse aÖt]mepw
]pd¯p ImWmw.”18
amwkhpw aZyhpw CXc ]m\ob§fpw [mcmfambn Ign¡p
¶hÀ hnkÀÖ\w sN¿pIbnÃs{X ! ]t£, hnbÀ¡psa¶p ]d
bp¶p. AsXmcpXcw hnkÀÖ\amsW¶ Imcyw AÃmlphnsâ
{]hmNI\v AdnbnÃmbncn¡mw!!
kzÀK¯nse aäp hntij§Ä IqSn tIÄ¡p:
“kzÀK¯n Hcp hr£ap­v; Hcp hml\bm{X¡mc³ AXn
sâ XWeneqsS \qdp hÀjw k©cn¨mepw AXp IS¶pt]mI
bnÃ.”19
Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: kzÀKhmknIÄ AhÀ¡paosXbpÅ
amfnIapIfnse \nhmknIsf, BImi¯nsâ Ingt¡ (AsÃ
¦n ]Snªmsd) N{Ihmf¯n Pzen¨p {]Imin¨psIm­ncn
¡p¶ \£{Xwt]mse ImWpw. AhcpsS ]ZhnIÄ X½nepÅ
hyXymkamWnXv. C§s\ Acpfnbt¸mÄ A\pNc·mÀ Xncpta
\n (k) tbmSp tNmZn¨p. “ssZhZqXsc! AXp {]hmNI·mcpsS
]ZhnIfmbncn¡pw! AhnsS aämÀ¡pw F¯nt¨cm³ km[n¡pI
bnÃtÃm.” Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: Fsâ Bßmhns\ \nb{´n¨p
sIm­ncn¡p¶ AÃmlpshs¡m­p kXyw, AÃmlphn hniz
kn¡pIbpw {]hmNI·msc kXykÔambn AwKoIcn¡pIbpw
sNbvX FÃm a\pjycpw B ]ZhnIfnse¯nt¨cpw.”20
CÉmanse kzÀK¯nepw DbÀ¨ XmgvNIÄ!
`mcyamÀ¡p ]pdta ‘lqdpIÄ’ F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ Hcp hn`mKw
kzÀKkv{XoIsfbpw hnizmknIÄ¡v kzÀK¯n e`n¡pw. Ah
tc¸än ‘]ctemIw JpÀB\nÂ’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n C§s\
hnhcn¡p¶p:
“`mcyamÀ¡p ]pdta lqdpIfpap­hnsS. kpµcnIfpw tImafI
fpamb ip{`hÀWmwK\IÄ. I®nsâ IrjvWaWn ITn\Idp¸v.
_m¡n `mKw XqshÅ, hSnhnepw tamSnbnepapÅ B I®pIÄ
hnimehpambncn¡pw. `{Zambn kq£n¡s¸« ap¯pIÄ t]mencn
¡pahÀ AYh kpc£nXambn sh¡s¸« ap«IÄ t]mse. C{µ
\oehpw, ]hnghpwt]mse a\pjyt\m Pnt¶m CtXhsc Ahsc
kv]Àin¨nt«bnÃ. AÀ°\naoenXm£nIÄ, \mWwIpWp§n
131
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
IÄ, \mWw sIm­p ]mXntb Xpd¡q. `À¯m¡·msc hn«p
aämcpsS t\scbpw AhcpsS ZrjvSnIÄ XncnbpIbnÃ. IqSmc
§fn AS§nsbmXp§n Ignbp¶hÀ. Hmtcm kzÀKhmkn¡pw
th­{X lqdpIÄ D­mbncn¡pw. kzÀKhmknIfÃm¯ amXm]n
Xm¡fpsS, ssiih¯n arXnbSª s]¬Ip«nIsfbmbncn
¡ptam C§s\ lqdpIfmbn cq]m´cs¸Sp¯nbXv, AXÃ AhÀ
{]tXyIw Xs¶ krjvSn¡s¸«htcm? D½pkÂa Hcn¡Â \_n
tbmSp tNmZn¨p: Zp³bmhn \n¶psN¶ kv{XoIÄ¡mtWm IqSp
XÂ t{ijvTX, AtXm lqdpIÄt¡m? Xncpta\n ]dªp: AhÀ
AÃmlphn\p \akvIcn¡bpw t\m¼\pjvSn¡bpw aäp C_mb
¯pIsfSp¡pIbpw sNbvXXpsIm­v. At¸mÄ kzÀK\nhmkn
IfpsS km£m `mcyamÀ Zp³bmhnse kZvhr¯Ifmb kv{Xo
Ifmbncn¡pw. ChÀ X§fpsS hnizmk§fpw k¡À½§fpw
hgn kzÀK¯n {]thin¨hcmWv. A¡mcW¯m kzÀK
¯n FÃmhn[ A\p{Kl§Ä¡pw AhÀ kzbwXs¶ AÀl
cpamWv. ChcpsS ap³ `À¯m¡Ä kzÀKhmknIfmsW¦nÂ
kzbw CjvS {]Imcw Ahsc¯s¶ `À¯m¡fmbn kzoIcn¡pw.
Asæn AhcnjvSs¸Sp¶ aäp `À¯m¡sf AÃmlp AhÀ
¡p \ÂIp¶p. kzÀKhmknIfpsS Øncw ]mÀ¸nS§fmb amfnI
Ifn Chcmbncn¡pw A[nhkn¡p¶Xv. km£m `mcyamcpw
ChÀ Xs¶. lqdpItfm? kzÀK¯nse ]g§Ä, ]m\ob§Ä
XpS§n aäp hn`h§tft¸mse IqSpX B\µ¯n\pth­n
AhnsS \ÂIs¸Sp¶ hn`h§fmWv. an¡hmdpw DÃmktI{µ
§fn Øm]n¡s¸Sp¶ IqSmc§fnembncn¡pw AhÀ A[nh
kn¡p¶Xv. Xncpta\n ]dªp: kzÀK¯nse Hä kv{Xosb
§m\pw `qanbntebvs¡¯nt\m¡pIbmsW¦n AXp kzÀK
¯n\pw `qanbn¡panSbv¡pÅ FÃmbnShpw ]cnaf\nÀ`chpw
{]Imi]qcnXhpam¡n¯oÀ¡p¶XpamWv.”21
ho«n `mcyamÀ, DÃmktI{µ§Ä lqdnIÄ AXpw th­{X!
Imamkà·mÀ¡v CXnt\¡mÄ ]änb Hcp Øew FhnsSbp­v?

132
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
References:
1. X^vkodp JpÀB³, 2:25
2. JpÀB³, 4:57
3. Ibid., 18:107
4. Ibid., 22:23, 35:33þepw kzÀW¯ntâbpw ]«p hkv{X¯ntâbpw
Imcyw FSp¯p ]dbp¶p­v.
5. JpÀB³, 36:56-58
6. Ibid., 37:44-49
7. Ibid., 38:52
8. Ibid., 39:20
9. Ibid., 43:71
10. Ibid., 44:54
11. Ibid., 47:15
12. Ibid., 52:22
13. Ibid., 52:20
14. Ibid., 52:23-24
15. Ibid., 56:15
16. Ibid., 56:17
17. Ibid., 78:32-34
18. klolp _pJmcn, 1335
19. Ibid., 1339
20. Ibid., 1341
21. A_vZpà auehn, sI.kn., ]ctemIw JpÀB\nÂ, (tImgnt¡mSv,
1981), t]Pv, 253-255.

133
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

11
kv{XoIÄ XcwXmgv¯s¸«p
temI P\kwJybn ]IpXn kv{XoIfmWv. A½, `mcy, Krl
\mY, sXmgnemfn, IÀjI, _nkn\kpImcn, A²ym]nI, \gvkv,
tUmIvSÀ, imkv{XÚ, cmjv{SX{´Ú A§s\ PohnX¯n
sâ FÃm XpdIfnepw AhÀ ]WnsbSp¡pIbpw hyànap{Z Øm
]n¡pIbpw sNbvXpIgnªncn¡p¶p. F¦nepw ]pcpjt\msSm
¸w FÃm cwK¯pw AhÀ C¶pw F¯nbn«nÃ. kaql¯nsâ
FÃm Xe§fnepw XpeyX t\Sp¶Xn\pth­n temIsa¼mSp
apÅ kv{XoIÄ DWÀ¶phcnIbmWv. AhcpsS B DWÀÆns\Xn
cmbn kacw sN¿p¶ iànIfn {][m\s¸«Xv CÉmwaXamWv.
JpÀ B\pw lZokpIfpw DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨psIm­v bmYmØnXnI
apÉow kv{XoIÄs¡Xncmbn kacImlfaqXp¶p. C¯cw Hcp
L«¯n JpÀB\p ap¼pw ]n¼papÅ kv{XoIfpsS \netbbpw
JpÀBsâ A\pimk\§sfbpw ]än hniZambn ]Tnt¡­
XmWv.
apl½Znsâ P\\¯n\pap¼v Atd_ybnse kv{XoIfpsS
kmaqly\ne hfscsbm¶pw DbÀ¶Xmbncp¶nÃ. ]t£, CÉmw
aXw IogS¡nb _m_ntem¬, AÊndnb (C¶s¯ Cdm¡v),
t]Àjy (Cdm³), CuPn]vXv, SpWojy, SÀ¡n F¶o cmPy§fnse
ØnXn AXmbncp¶nÃ. ]pcmX\ CuPn]vXnepw kv]mÀ«mbnepw
kv{XoIÄ¡v kaql¯n DbÀ¶ Øm\ap­mbncp¶p. tdmanepw
{Koknepw \nba]cambn¯s¶ kv{XoIfpsS AhImi§Ä
kwc£n¡s¸«ncp¶p. _m_ntem¬, AÊndnb, t]Àjy, kndnb
F¶o cmPy§fnepw kv{XoIÄ¡v kaql¯n tamiaÃm¯
\nebmWp­mbncp¶Xv. C¯cw Hcp ]cnXØnXnbnemWv Hcp

134
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Ai\n]mXwt]mse CÉmwaXhpambn Atd_y³ ]SbmfnIÄ
AhnS§fn IS¶phcp¶Xv. AXphsc AhnsS \ne\n¶ncp¶
\mKcnIXIÄ XIÀ¡s¸«p. apl½Zp \_n ]dbp¶Xn§s\
bmWv:
“F{X ]«W§sfbmWv \mw \in¸n¨pIfªXv? B ]«W
§Ä AhbpsS (FSp¸pIfpsS) ta¯«pItfmSpIqSn AXm
hoWp \in¨pInS¡p¶p. F{X InWdpIfpw F{X DbÀ¶ _w¥m
hpIfpamWv iq\yambn ImSpsI«n¡nS¡p¶Xv? ”1
\_nbpsS Ime¯v Atd_ybn \S¶ ØnXnsb¸änbm
WnXv. At±l¯nsâ Nca¯n\p tijhpw ]pcmX\ \KcnIXI
fpsSta apÉow ]SbmfnIÄ It¿äw \S¯n. _m_ntemWpw
t]Àjybpw CuPn]vXpw SpWokpw XIÀ¶phoWp. hmfnsâ hmbv
¯ebv¡p ap¼n \n¶psIm­v Poh³ c£n¡m³ th­n hnP
bnIfpsS aXw AhÀ kzoIcn¨p. _lpssZh§fpsS Øm\¯v
AXn{Iqc\mb AÃmlp Fs¶mcp ssZhw DbÀ¶ph¶p. B
ssZhs¯ krjvSn¨ Ad_nIfpw AhcpsS t\Xmhmb apl
½Zpw Atd_y³ tKm{XhÀK k¦ev]§fpw hnizmk§fpw sIm
­v B ssZh¯n\p \ndw sImSp¯p. ssZh¯nsâ Iev]\sb¶
t]cn apl½Zv cNn¨ JpÀB\pw injy·mÀ apl½Znsâ t]cnÂ
\nÀ½n¨ kp¶¯pw (lZokpIÄ) aäp ]e Imcy§fnepsa¶Xn
s\¡mÄ kv{XoItfmSv IqSpXÂ {Iqcambn s]cpamdm³ \nÀt±in
¡p¶p. `qanbn am{XaÃ, kzÀK¯n t]mepw kv{XoIÄ c­mw
Xc¡mcmWv. Hcp ]pcpj\v H¶ne[nIw `mcyamcpw t]mcm¯
Xn\p Bhiy¯n\v lqdnIfpw AhnsS e`n¡psa¶v Ignª
A[ymb¯n \½Ä I­p. AWnbWnbmbn C«ncn¡p¶
I«nepIfn Ccn¡p¶ ]pcpj·mÀ¡v kahbkvIcmb XcpWnI
sf \ÂIpsa¶v ]dªn«p­v. ]t£, kv{XoIÄ¡v kahbkv¡
cmb XcpW·msc sImSp¡psat¶m Hcp kv{Xo¡v H¶n IqSpXÂ
`À¯mhmImsat¶m lqdnIsft¸mse GsX¦nepw kzÀKob
]pcpj·mÀ¡pw ae¡pIÄ¡psam¸w AhÀ¡v ssewKnI _Ôw
]peÀ¯msat¶m ]dªncps¶¦n AXp a\knem¡mambn
cp¶p. AhnsSbpw kv{Xo ]Xn{hXbmbncp¶psImÅWsa¶mWv
\nbaw.
135
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
CÉmw aXØm]I\mb apl½Zn\v kv{XoItfmSpÅ kao]
\wXs¶ Hcp {]tXyI Xc¯nepÅXmbncp¶p. AhÀ \cI¯n
\p tbmKycmsW¶v At±lw IqsS¡qsS ]dbpambncp¶p. lZo
kpIfn \n¶v Nne `mK§Ä D²cn¡mw.:
“Xncpta\n (k) Acpfn: Rm³ kzÀKIhmS¯n \n¶p
t\m¡ns¡m­ncn¡pIbmbncp¶p. A§s\ Rm³ t\m¡ns¡m
­ncp¶t¸mÄ AXn {]thin¨hcn `qcn]£hpw AKXnIfm
bncp¶p.... Rm³ \cI IhmS¯n sN¶p\n¶p t\m¡pt¼mÄ
AXm AXn {]thin¡p¶hcn `qcn]£hpw kv{XoIfmWv.”2
asämcp L«¯n \_n ]dbp¶p: “Rm³ \cIt¯bpw I­p.
C¶p Rm³ I­Xpt]msebpÅ `bm\Iamb Hcp ImgvN CXn\p
ap¼v Rm³ I­nt«bnÃ. \cIhmknIfn `qcn`mKhpw Rm³
I­t¸mÄ kv{XoIfmbncp¶p.” At¸mÄ, ssZhZqXsc, F´mW
Xn\p ImcWsa¶v A\pNc·mÀ tNmZn¨p. Xncpta\n Acpfn:
“AXn¶p ImcWw B kv{XoIfpsS \ntj[ kz`mhwXs¶.”
A\pNc·mÀ tNmZn¨p: “kv{XoIÄ AÃmlphns\ \ntj[n¡p
¶pt­m?” Xncpta\n Acpfn: “`À¯m¡·mtcmSpw AhÀ sNbvXp
sImSp¡p¶ HuZmcy§tfmSpw kv{XoIÄ \µntISp ImWn¡pw.
AXmWhcpsS \ntj[ kz`mhw. PohnXImew apgph³ \o Hcp
kv{XotbmSv HuZmcyw ImWn¨p, F¶n«v Hcn¡Â AhfnjvSs¸
Sm¯Xv hÃXpw \n¶n \n¶p kw`hn¨pI­m “\n§fnÂ
\n¶v C¡mea{Xbpw Hcp \·bpw F\n¡p e`n¨nt«bnÔ F¶
hÄ ]dªpIfbpw.3
thsdmchkc¯nep­mb kw`hw _pJmcn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p:
“Hcn¡Â Xncpta\n(k) henb s]cp¶mÄ Znhkw AsænÂ
sNdnb s]cp¶mÄ Znhkw s]cp¶mÄ \akvImc ssaXm\¯pÅ
R§fpsS ASp¡te¡p h¶p. F¶n«v (\akvImcm\´cw) Xncp
ta\n kv{XoIfpsS ASp¡tebv¡p sN¶p. AhnsSsh¨v Xncpta\n
Acpfn. “kv{Xo kaqlta! \n§Ä [À½w sN¿pI. \cIhmknI
fn A[nIamfpIsfbpw kv{XoIfmbn«mWv Rm³ I­ncn¡p
¶Xv.” Xncpta\o! F´mWn§s\ kw`hn¡m³ ImcWsa¶p
kv{XoIÄ tNmZn¨p. Xncpta\n Acpfn: “AhÀ aäpÅhsc IqSpXÂ
i]n¨psIm­pw iImcn¨psIm­pw Ccn¡pw. am{XaÃ, `À¯m¡
136
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
·mtcmSv \µntISp ImWn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. ZrVNn¯cmb ]pcpj
·mcpsS lrZb§sf Cf¡phm³ _p²nbpw Zo\pw Ipdª \n§
tf¡mÄ IgnhpÅhsc Rm³ I­n«nÃ. kv{XoIÄ tNmZn¨p.
“Xncpta\o! _p²nbnepw Zo\nepw R§Äs¡´mWv Ipdhv? Xncp
ta\n Acpfn: “kv{XoIfpsS km£y¯n\v Ac¸pcpjsâ Øm\
atà Iev]n¡p¶pÅq?.” AhÀ ]dªp: “AsX.” Xncpta\n Acp
fn. “AhcpsS _p²nbpsS Ipdhnsâ e£W§fn s]«XmWXv.
(XpSÀ¶psIm­p Xncpta\n tNmZn¨p) BÀ¯hap­mbmÂ
kv{Xo \akvImchpw t\m¼pw Dt]£n¡p¶ntÃ?” AhÀ ]dªp.
“AsX.” Xncpta\n Acpfn. “Zo³ IpdhmbXnsâ e£W§fnsem
¶mWXv.”4
kv{XoIÄ ]pcpj·mtc¡mÄ XmWhcmsW¶mWtÃm Cu
lZokn \n¶v hyàamIp¶Xv. hnhmlw, IpSpw_PohnXw XpS
§nb Imcy§fnepw kv{Xobv¡v c­mw Øm\w am{Xta JpÀ
B³ \ÂIp¶pÅp. Nne JpÀB³ hN\§Ä t\m¡pI:
“\n§Ä¡p \¶mbnt¯m¶p¶ kv{XoIsf (Bhiya\p
kcn¨v) c­phoXtam aq¶p hoXtam \mep hoXtam hnhmlw
sN¿pI.”5
“(sshhmlnI PohnX¯n ]pcpj\pw kv{Xobpw FÃm \ne
bv¡pw ka·mcÃ.) ]pcpj·mÀ¡mWv kv{XoItf¡mÄ D¶Xamb
Øm\apÅXv.”6
“\n§fpsS `mcyamÀ \n§fpsS IrjnØeamIp¶p. AXp
sIm­v \n§Ä COn¡p¶hn[w \n§fpsS IrjnØe¯p sN
ÃpI. (sNÃpt¼mÄ) \n§fpsS `mhn¡pth­ Hcp¡§Ä ap³
Iq«n sNbvXpshbv¡pI.”7
`mcybv¡v a\pjyXzwt]mepw AÃmlp \ÂIp¶nÃ. Poh\nÃm
¯ IrjnØet¯mSmWv Ahsc D]an¡p¶Xv! C\n asämcp
`mK¯p ]dbp¶p:
“(sshhmlnI PohnX¯nÂ) ]pcpj·mÀ¡p kv{XoIfpsS
ta \nb{´Wm[nImcap­v. (A§s\ \nÝbn¨Xp) AhcnÂ
NneÀ¡v Nnetc¡mÄ (AXmbXp ]pcpj·mÀ¡p kv{XoItf
¡mÄ) Nne sshinjvSy§Ä AÃmlp \ÂInbXpsIm­mWv.
(AXn¶p ]pdta kv{XoIÄ¡p th­n) ]pcpj·mÀ X§fpsS
137
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
[\¯n \n¶p sNehp sN¿p¶XpsIm­pamWv. At¸mÄ A\p
kcWm ioeapÅhcpw (`À¯mhnsâ) Akm¶n[y¯n AÃm
lp kwc£n¡phm³ Iev]n¨n«pÅX\pkcn¨p `À¯mhnsâ
Xmev]cy§Ä apgph³ kwc£n¡p¶hcpamWv D¯akv{XoIÄ.
F¶m A\pkcWt¡Sp ImWn¡psa¶p \n§Ä `bs¸Sp¶
kv{XoIÄ¡v D]tZiw \ÂIpI (AXp ^en¨nsænÂ) ib\
Øe§fn AhcnÂ\n¶v AI¶ncn¡pI. (AXpsIm­pw
Imcyw icns¸Sp¶nsænÂ) Ahsc (DbÀt¯­Xn¶p) ASn
¡pI. F¶n«hÀ \n§Ä¡v Iogvs]«p Ignªm AhcpsS
t]cn (IqSpX \S]SnsbSp¡phm³) amÀKat\zjn¡cpXv. ”8
A§s\ ]pcpjsâ ]qÀWamb \nb{´W¯n\p hnt[bbm
bn Pohn¡p¶ kv{Xo¡v aäp Imcy§fn t]mepw XpeyX D­m
bncp¶nÃ. GsX¦nepw Imcy¯n km£n \nÂt¡­nhcp
t¼mÄ Hcp ]pcpj\p ]Icw c­p kv{XoIsf km£n \ndp¯W
as{X.9 “Hcp ]pcpjsâ Øm\¯p c­p kv{XoIÄ km£n thW
sa¶p sh¨Xv Ahcn HcmÄ ]ng¨p t]mIpt¼mÄ aähÄ HmÀ½
s¸Sp¯phm\mWv” F¶pwIqSn JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p. kv{XobmsW
¦n ]ng¨pt]mIm³ km²yXbps­¶pw ]pcpj\v AXnsöpw!
JpÀ B\nse Cu kn²m´§sf \ymboIcn¨psIm­v Camw
dmkn FgpXp¶p:
“hnhn[ hi§fneqsS ]pcpj·mÀ¡v kv{XoItf¡mÄ Øm\
apÅXmbn ImWmw. klPambn Ahcnep­mIp¶ KpW§fm
epw CÉmw hnthN\s¸Sp¯nb hn[nIfmepw Cu alXzap­mbn
¯ocp¶p. klPKpW§sf hnÚm\w, iàn F¶o c­p `mK
ambn¯ncn¡mw. ]pcpj\p _p²nbpw hnthIhpw A[nIaps­
¶Xnepw {]bmkIcamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v ]cn]qÀWtijn
bps­¶Xnepw kwibanÃ. {]kvXpX c­p Imcy§ÄsIm­p
Xs¶ _p²niàn, \nÝb ZmÀVyX, iàn, Fgp¯v F¶o
hnjb§fn IqSpXembpw IpXnckhmcn, ic{]tbmKw F¶nh
bnepw ]pcpj³ kv{XobpsS ap³]´nbnemWv. {]hmNI·mcpw
]ÞnX·mcpw Ahcn \n¶mWp­mbXv. sNdpXpw hepXpamb
`cWm[nImcw, Cama¯v, bp²w, _m¦v, JpYp_p, C AvXnIm^v
F¶nhsbÃmw Ahcn \njn]vXamWv. ]ÞnX·mcpsS GIm
138
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
`n{]mbw A\pkcn¨v sImekw_Ôambpw aäpapÅ {Inan\Â
tIkpIfn Ahsc am{Xta km£n \ndp¯m³ ]äpIbpÅq.
Camwim^n(d)hnsâ A`n{]mb{]Imcw hnhmlkm£n¡pw
]pcpj³ Xs¶bmhWw. A\´cmhImi¯n hÀ²\hpw Ah
tijn¨ `mK¯nsâ ]qÀW AhImihpw Ah\pXs¶. a\x]qÀ
ÆaÃmsXbpÅ h[¯n LmXIsâ `mK¯p\n¶p \ÂIp¶
‘sX­’¯n\pw kXy¯n\pw Ah\mWv AÀl\mbn¯ocp¶Xv.
hnhml¯n c£mIÀXrXzw hln¡pI, hnhmltamN\w \S
¯pI, `mcysb ho­pw aS¡n FSp¡pI, H¶ne[nIw CWIsf
kzoIcn¡pI CsXÃmw Ahsâ {]tXyIXbmWv. Ahcntebv¡p
am{Xta k´m\§sf tNÀ¡s¸SpIbpÅq. CsXÃmw ]pcpj
·mÀ¡p kv{XoItf¡mÄ alXzaps­¶v Adnbn¡p¶p. (c­mw
ImcWw) ‘AhÀ AhcpsS k¼¯n \n¶v (`mcyamÀ¡pth­n)
Nnehgn¨XpsImÅpw’ F¶v AÃmlp ]dªXmWv. AXmbXv
]pcpj·mÀ kv{XoIÄ¡p alvdpw Nnehpw sImSp¡p¶XpsIm­v
kv{Xotb¡mÄ ]pcpj³ D¯a\msW¶À°w.”
Camw dmknbpsS Cu \ymb§fn sXm®qdp iXam\hpw
JpÀBs\ ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXmWv. ta D²cn¨ J
ÞnIbpsS BZy`mK¯v _p²niàn, \nÝbZmÀVyX, iàn,
Fgp¯v, IpXnckhmcn, ic{]tbmKw F¶nhbn ]pcpj\v
kv{Xotb¡mÄ Ignhps­¶p ]dbp¶p. JpÀBs\ \ymboIcn
¡phm³ Camwdmkn ]dbp¶ Cu bpànIÄs¡m¶pw hnebnÃ.
Cu FÃm¡mcy§fnepw kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw X½n hyXymk
sam¶panÃ. imcocnIiàn, hen¸w F¶o Imcy§fn kv{Xo
IÄ ]pcpj·mtc¡mÄ ]pdInemIm³ ImcWw `£Ww, hymbm
aw F¶nh kv{XoIÄ¡p th­{X e`n¡m¯XpsIm­mWv. GXp
sXmgnepw ]pcpjt\t¸mse sN¿m³ Ignbpsa¶v kv{XoIÄ sX
fnbn¨p Ignªp. `cWcwK¯p kv{XoIÄ¡v ]pcpj·msct¸mse
Xs¶ Ignhps­¶v CµncmKmÔnbpw amÀKcäv Xm¨dpw XpS§n
F{Xtbm alXnIÄ kzPohnXwsIm­v hyàam¡n. Ncn{X
¯n CXn\v thsdbpw [mcmfw sXfnhpIfp­v. Cu ]Ým¯e
¯n thWw apl½Znsâ Xmsg sImSp¡p¶ hmNIw hnebncp
t¯­Xv.
139
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“X§fpsS `cWt\XrXzw Hcp kv{XobneÀ¸n¨ P\X hnP
bw {]m]n¡pIbnÃ.”12
apl½Zn\v F§s\bmWv C{Xtbsd kv{Xo hntcm[w D­m
bXv? At±l¯nsâ PohNcn{X¯nsâ ]Ým¯e¯n am{Xta
AXp a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbpIbpÅq. Atd_y³ tKm{XhÀK¡m
cpsSbnSbn kv{XoIÄ XcwXmgv¯s¸« Hcp hn`mKambncp¶p.
AXv sNdp¸¯n apl½Znsâ a\Ên ]Xnªp. ]t£, ]«W
§fnse kv{XoIfpsS ØnXn A{XXs¶ ]nt¶m¡ambncp¶nÃ.
At±l¯nsâ BZy`mcybmb JZoP Xs¶ h¼n¨ kz¯nsâ
AhIminbpw hym]mc{]apJbpambncp¶tÃm. Z£nW Atd_y
bpsS Ncn{X¯n ]¨]nSn¨p\n¡p¶ ti_mcmÚnbpsS
IYbpw \mKcnI h\nXIÄ¡v tKm{Xh\nXIsf¡mÄ DbÀ¶
Øm\ap­mbncp¶p F¶v sXfnbn¡p¶p. ]t£, Imcyamb hn
Zym`ymksam¶pw CÃmXncp¶ apl½Zn\v B Ncn{X ]Ým¯ew
Adnbmambncp¶ncn¡bnÃ. JZoPbpsS acWwhsc aäp kv{XoIfp
ambn apl½Zv _Ôs¸«Xmbpw ImWp¶nÃ. a¡¯p\n¶pw
aZo\t¯bv¡p t]mIpIbpw AhnsS BZys¯ CÉmanIcmjv{Sw
Øm]n¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ At±l¯nsâ {]mbw A³]Xp
Ifnembncp¶p. ssewKnItijn IpdªpXpS§p¶ B Ime¯v
\nch[n `mcyamscbpw sh¸m«nIsfbpw ASnakv{XoIsfbpw
At±lw k¼mZn¨p. Ahcn NneÀ hfsc {]mbwIpdªhcp
ambncp¶p. AhcpsSsbÃmw imcocnImhiy§Ä Xt¶s¡m­v
\nÀhln¡m³ IgnbpIbnsöpw AhÀ hgnsXän k©cn¡m³
km[yXbps­¶pw kzm`mhnIambpw apl½Zv kwibn¨p. AXp
sIm­v ho«n hcp¶ AXnYnIÄ¡pt]mepw At±lw \nb{´
Ww GÀs¸Sp¯n:
“kXyhnizmknIsf! Blmcw Ign¡phm³ £Wn¨psIm­v
A\paXn e`n¨meÃmsX \_nbpsS hoSpIfn \n§Ä {]thin
¡cpXv. (hà Bhiy¯n\pw \n§Ä AhnsS hcp¶]£w) B
lmcw ]mIamIp¶Xv Im¯ncn¡bpacpXv. \n§sf (Blmc¯n
\p £Wn¨m \_nbpsS ho«nÂ) {]thin¨psImÅpI. Blm
cw Ign¨pIgnªmtem, ]ncnªpt]mhpI. hÀ¯am\w ]dªp
ckn¨psIm­v \n§Ä (AhnsS) Ccn¡cpXv. AXp (\_nbpsS)
140
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
a\Ên\p hnjaap­m¡pw. \n§tfmSXp Xpd¶p]dbm³ \_n
eÖn¡pw. kXyw Xpd¶p ]dbm³ AÃmlp eÖn¡p¶nÃ.”13
AhnsS AYhm sN¶mÂXs¶, \_nbpsS `mcyamtcmSv F§
s\ s]cpamdWsa¶pw ASp¯ hN\§fn ImWmw:
“\_nbpsS `mcyamtcmSv hà km[\hpw \n§Ä Bhiys¸
Sp¶]£w adbpsS ]pd¯p\n¶v AhtcmSv (Bhiys¸SpI).
\n§fptSbpw AhcptSbpw lrZb§fpsS ]cnip²n¡v Gähpw
D]bpàamb \S]Sn{Iaw AXmWv. ssZhZqXsâ a\Ên\p hnj
aap­m¡m³ \n§Ä¡p ]mSnÃ. At±l¯nsâ tijw At±l
¯nsâ `mcyamsc hnhmlw sN¿m\pw \n§Ä¡p ]mSnÃ. AXv
AÃmlphn¦Â hfsc Kuchtadnb hnjbamWv. ”14
C§s\ hnizmknIsf Xm¡oXp sN¿pI am{XaÃ, `mcyamÀ
¡pw \_n AÃmlphn \n¶pÅ D]tZiamsW¶ hymtP\
sImSp¡p¶ \nÀt±ihpw {it²bamWv:
“\_nbpsS `mcyamsc! \n§Ä aäp kv{XoIfn Bsct¸mse
bpaÃ. \n§Ä AXpsIm­v PohnX¯n kq£vaX ssIs¡m
ÅpI. (A\y]pcpj·mcpambn kwkmcn¡pt¼mÄ \n§Ä
kwkmc¯n Xmgvabpw kuaXyXbpw ImWn¡cpXv. ImWn¡p
¶ ]£w, lrZbs¯ tcmKw _m[n¨v (\n§fnÂ) tamlw P\n
t¨¡mw.”15
]À±m k{¼Zmbw
`mcyamÀ¡v \nb{´Ww GÀs¸Sp¯n; ho«n hcp¶ AXnYnIsf
IÀi\ambn hne¡n. CXpsIms­m¶pw apl½Zp\_n¡v kam
[m\ambnÃ. At¸mgmWv At±lw ]À±mk{¼Zmbw sIm­ph
cp¶Xv. injy\mb Dadn\v t\ct¯ B A`n{]mbw D­mbncp
¶p. At±l¯nsâ \nÀt±iw A\pkcn¨mWv ]À±msb kw_
Ôn¡p¶ JpÀB³ hN\w D­mbsX¶v Hcp lZokn DaÀ
Xs¶ ]dbp¶p­v.16
“(CtX{]Imcw) kXyhnizmkn\nIfmb kv{XoIsfbpw A\y
]pcpj·mcpsSbpw ap¼n \n¶v AhcpsS I®pIÄ Iogvt]m«p
Xmgv¯phm\pw AhcpsS k´mt\mev]mZt\{µnb§Ä kq£n
¡phm\pw D]tZin¡pI. kv{XoIfpsS kuµcy¯nÂ\n¶p shfn

141
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
s¸«p InS¡p¶ `mKaÃmsX, asäm¶pw AhÀ shfns¸Sp¯nt¸m
IcpXv. X§fpsS X«hpwsIm­v AhÀ s\ªp adbv¡s«. `À¯m
¡·mÀ, ]nXm¡Ä, `À¯m¡·mcpsS ]nXm¡Ä, `À¯m¡·mcp
sS ]p{X·mÀ, kzktlmZc·mÀ, kzktlmZc·mcpsS ]p{X·mÀ,
kzktlmZcnamcpsS ]p{X·mÀ, X§fpsS \nb{´W¯n³
Iogn Pohn¡p¶hÀ, ssewKnIamb B{Kl§fnÃm¯
]cnNmcI·mÀ, Asæn kv{XoIfpsS ssewKnI clky§Ä
[cn¨n«nÃm¯ sNdnb B¬Ip«nIÄ ChcpsS ap¼neÃmsX
X§fpsS kuµcyw AhÀ shfnhm¡cpXv. (A{]Imcw Xs¶
X§Ä ad¨phbv¡mdpÅ kuµcyw aäpÅhÀ Adnbphm³ DX
Ip¶hn[w ImepIÄsIm­v AhÀ Nnhn«n\S¡pIbpacpXv. ”17
C§s\ Iev]n¨XpsIm­pw \_n¡p Xr]vXnbmbnÃ. Iptd¡
gnªv ]À± At±lw IqSpX IÀi\am¡pIbpw `h\¯n\p
]pd¯pÅ AhcpsS bm{Xbv¡v \ntcm[\w GÀs¸Sp¯pIbpw
sNbvXp. AXn\pw ImcW¡mc³ DaÀ Xs¶. lZokn B
kw`hw C§s\ hnhcn¡p¶p:
“Bbnim (d)bn \n¶pw \nthZ\w. Xncpta\nbpsS ]Xv\n
amÀ¡v cm{Xn aeaq{X hnkÀÖ\¯nsâ Bhiyw t\cn«mÂ
‘a\mknC’te¡mWv AhÀ t]mImdp­mbncp¶Xv. Xpd¶p InS
¡p¶ Hcp hnimeamb ssaXm\amWXv. ‘A§bpsS ]Xv\namsc
]pdt¯¡phnSmsX kzKrl¯n HXp¡n \ndp¯nbmepw’ F¶v
Xncpta\ntbmSv l{k¯v DaÀ ]et¸mgpw At]£n¡mdp­m
bncp¶p. ]t£, Xncpta\n A§s\ sNbvXncp¶nÃ. AXn¶nS
bv¡v Xncpta\nbpsS ]Xv\n kuZm (d) Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn Cim
kab¯v aehnkÀÖ\¯n\mbn ]pd¯pt]mbn. AhÀ Iptd
s]m¡apÅ kv{Xobmbncp¶p. Ahsc I­t¸mÄ ‘Hm! kuZm!
\n§sf R§Ä a\Ênem¡nbncn¡p¶p’ F¶v l{k¯v DaÀ
hnfn¨p]dªp. kv{XoIÄ ho«n \n¶v ]pd¯nd§nt¸mIp¶Xv
XSªpsIm­pÅ Iev]\ AÃmlphn¦Â\n¶v e`n¡Wsa¶pw
B{Klw At±l¯n\p­mbncp¶p. A¡mcWw sIm­mWv A
§s\ hnfn¨p ]dªXv. At¸mÄ AÃmlp CÉmanI ]À±bpsS
IÂ]\ AhXcn¸n¨p.”18

142
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
c­mas¯ ]À±m IÂ]\bpsS ImcyamWv ChnsS ]dbp¶Xv.
BZyt¯Xnt\¡mÄ cq£amb B IÂ]\bnXmWv:
‘\n§Ä’ hoSpIfn AS§nbncn¡pI. (]pd¯p t]mtI­n
hcpt¼mÄ) ]gb AÚm\Ime¯v shfns¸Sp¯nbncp¶Xp
t]mse, \n§fpsS kuµcyw shfns¸Sp¯cpXv. \akvImcw apd
{]Imcw A\pjvSn¡pI. k¡m¯p sImSp¡pI. AÃmlphn
t\bpw Ahsâ ZqXt\bpw A\pkcn¨p Pohn¡pI. \_nbpsS
ho«pImtc! \n§fn \n¶p amen\yw ZqcoIcn¡pIbpw \n§sf
ip²oIcn¡pIbpw sN¿Wsa¶p am{XamWv CXpsIms­Ãmw
AÃmlp Dt±in¡p¶Xv.19
asämcp Ahkc¯n \_n ]dªp: “kv{Xo adªp \nÂ
t¡­hfmWv. AhÄ ]pd¯p IS¶m ]nimNv Ahfn {]Xy
£s¸Spw. (AhÄ A\ycm BIÀjn¡s¸Spw).”20
aeaq{X hnkÀÖ\¯ns\mgnsI ]pd¯pt]mIcpsX¶mbn
cp¶p \_n ]Xv\namÀ¡p In«nb hn[n. Ipsd Ignªt¸mÄ
AhÀ¡pth­n I¡qkpIÄ \nÀ½n¡s¸«p. AXn\ptijw
aeaq{XhnkÀÖ\¯n\p th­nt]mepw AhÀ¡v ]pd¯pt]m
Im³ BhiyanÃmXmbn.21 AYhm ]pd¯p t]mtI­ AXymh
iyw h¶m ]À± [cn¨psIm­pam{Xta ]pd¯p t]mImhq F
¶pw hn[n¡s¸«p. `À¯mhnsâtbm hnhmlw \ntcm[n¡s¸«
ASp¯ _Ôphnsâtbm IqsSbÃmsX Hcp kv{Xobpw c­p Znh
ks¯ Zqcbm{X sN¿m³ ]mSnsöpw \_n Iev]n¨p. 22
lZokpIfn hnhcn¡p¶ asämcp hnhchpw apl½Znsâ
AkqbmIepjnXamb ]pcpjta[mhnXzw shfns¸Sp¯p¶p:
“D½pkea (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. Rm\pw ssa\q\ (d)bpw
\_n (k)bpsS ASp¯pÅ kµÀ`¯n C_v\p D½naàpw
(d) BKX\mbn. XÕabw dkq (k) “\n§Ä c­pt]cpw
At±l¯n \n¶p adªp \n¡pho³” F¶p ]dªp. Rm³
tNmZn¨p: “AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNIsc! At±lw R§sf Im
Wm³ Ignbm¯ AÔ\tÃ?” AXn\p \_n (k)bn \n¶p e
`n¨ {]XnIcWw “\n§Ä Ccphcpw AÔcmtWm? \n§Ä At±
ls¯ ImWp¶ntÃ?” F¶mbncp¶p.”23

143
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
B AÔs\ I­m Xsâ `mcyamÀ¡v Abmfn Xmev]cyw
tXm¶nt¸mIptam F¶p `bs¸Sp¶ apl½Znt\mSv \ap¡v A\pI
¼bmWv tXm¶pI. GXmbmepw \_n GÀs¸Sp¯nb ]À±mk
{¼Zmbw XpSÀ¶ph¶ CÉmwaX t\Xm¡·mscÃmw AwKoIcn
¡pIbpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. DaÀ Jen^v Bb Ime¯v
]À± hfsc IÀi\ambn. XpSÀ¶v FÃm apÉow cmPy§fnepw
AXp {]Ncn¨p. Ignª 1300þÂ ]cw hÀj§fmbn At\I
tImSn kv{XoP\§Ä Cu \njvTqc\nba¯n¶ncbmbn PohnXw
Ign¨pIqt«­nh¶p.
kv{XoIfpsS kp¶¯v
C³Uybn A[nIw {]Nmc¯n h¶n«nsænepw a[y]uc
kvXytZi§fnepw B{^n¡bnepapÅ apÉo§fpsSbnSbnÂ
kv{XoIfpsS kp¶¯pw {]Nmc¯nencn¡p¶p. ]pcpj·mcpsS
enwKm{K¯nepÅ sXmen apdn¨p Ifbp¶ tNemIÀ½w (kp¶
¯p IeymWw) t]mseXs¶ AhnS§fn apÉo§Ä kv{XoI
fpsS ImamX]{Xw (Clitoris) apdn¨p Ifbp¶p. Hcp CÉmwaX
hnÚm\tImi¯n ]dbp¶p:
“im^nIfpsS kv{XoIÄ¡pw ]pcpj·mÀ¡pw tNemIÀ½w
\St¯­Xv [mÀ½nIamb IS¸mSmWv. ]pcpj·msc kw_Ôn
¨nSt¯mfw enwKm{Ks¯ sXmen apgph³ apdn¨p IfbWw.
kv{XoIÄ¡mIs« ImamX]{XamWv apdn¨p Iftb­Xv....a¡bnÂ
3þ\pw 7þ\pw hbÊn\nSbv¡v B¬Ip«nIfpsS tNemIÀ½w
BÀ`mS ]qÀÆambpw s]¬Ip«nIfpsS tNemIÀ½w A\mÀ`mSam
bpw \S¯p¶p.”24 CuPn]vXnse kv{XoIfpsSbnSbn \ne\nÂ
¡p¶ tNemIÀ½t¯¸än {]apJ kv{XotcmKhnZKv²\mb F³.
F. AÂZmhn C§s\ tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p:
“CuPn]vXnse {Kma§fn Xmakn¡p¶ an¡hmdpw kv{Xo
IÄ Cu BNmc¯n\p IogS§nbhcmWv. tNemIÀ½w kv{XoI
sf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw hcnbpSbv¡en\p XpeyamWv. AtXmSp
IqSn kv{XoIfpsS ssewKnIm`ncpNnbpw Xocp¶p.”25
C§s\ kv{XoIsf FÃm hn[¯nepw NqjWw sN¿pIbmWv
CÉmwaXw. AhÄ ]pcpjsâ Imak¼qÀ¯n¡pw ASp¡f

144
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
`cW¯n\pw am{XapÅ shdpw D]IcW§fm¡n CÉmwaXw
Xcw Xmgv¯n. AXns\Xncmbn apÉow cmPy§fnse kv{XoIÄ
Xs¶ Ct¸mÄ kacw Bcw`n¨ncn¡pIbmWv.

References:

1. JpÀB³, 22:45
2. klolp _pJmcn 1812
3. Ibid., 545
4. Ibid., 203
5. JpÀB³, 4:3
6. Ibid., 2:228
7. Ibid., 2:223
8. Ibid., 4:34
9. Ibid., 545
10. Ibid., 2:282
11. Camw dmkn, 3:215, ‘kv{XoIfpw PqapA:Pam A¯pw’ F¶ F.]n.
A_qt_¡À apÉnbmcpsS {KÙ¯n D²cn¨Xv. t]Pv 16-18
12. klolp _pJmcn, 1655
13. JpÀB³, 33:53
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 33:32
16. klolp _pJmcn, 25
17. JpÀB³, 24:31
18. klolp _pJmcn, 118
19. JpÀB³, 33:33
20. XnÀaZn, ‘kv{XoIfpw PqapA PamA¯pw’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯nÂ
D²cn¨Xv. t]Pv 33-34
21. Ibid., 40
22. klolp _pJmcn, 868
23. kv{XoIfpw PqapA PamA¯pw, t]Pv 30
24. Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, (London, 1953), p. 254, 255
25. bpànNn´, (sUÂln, 1981) t]Pv- 123

145
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

12
Nne {]tXyI BNmc§fpw AÔhnizmk§fpw
CÉmwaX¯nsâ {]mamWnI {KÙ§fmb JpÀB\pw lZokp
Ifpw hmbn¡pt¼mÄ IuXpI]camb ]e hnhc§fpw In«pw.
ap Éo§fpsSbnSbn \ne\n¡p¶ Nne BNmc§Ä, AÔhn
izmk§Ä F¶nhsb kw_Ôn¡p¶ A¯cw Imcy§Ä Ah
cpsS kmaqly a\xkm£nsb a\Ênem¡m³ klmbn¡pw.
ap¯vA IeymWw
Ad_n¡¨hS¡mÀ sN¶ptNÀ¶ Øe§fnseÃmw Bcw`n¨n
«pÅ Hcp ZpcmNmcamWnXv. I¨hS¡mc\mb Ad_n apÉow
GsX¦nepw Hcp cmPy¯v sN¶v Hcp hÀjw Xmakn¡p¶p F¶p
shbv¡pI. At¸mÄ AbmÄ¡v `mcysbIqsS sIm­pt]mIm³
km[yaÃ, ]t£, ssewKnImhiy§Ä \nÀhln¡pIbpw thWw.
hy`nNcn¡p¶Xv KuchapÅ IpäamWv. C¯cw L«§fn sN
¶p Xmakn¡p¶ Øes¯ GsX¦nepw bphXnbpambn AbmÄ
Hcp tIm¬{SmIvSv hnhmlw \S¯pw. Hcp hÀjw Ignªv Xncn¨p
t]mIpt¼mÄ Ahsc hnhml_Ô¯n \n¶p tamNn¸n¡p
Ibpw sN¿pw. kv{Xo[\w sImSp¡m³ \nhr¯nbnÃm¯ IpSpw
_§fnse ]e kv{XoIfpw C¯cw hnhml¯nteÀs¸Spw CXn
\mWv aqTmIeymWw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. tIcf¯n tImgnt¡mSp
{]tZi¯v C¯cw [mcmfw hnhmlw \S¶n«p­v. CXv CÉmwaXw
AwKoIcn¨Xsöv Nne ]ptcmKa\hmZnIfmb apÉo§Ä ]d
ªp hcp¶p. ]t£, apl½Znsâ ImewapXÂXs¶ CXp {]Nm
c¯nencp¶Xpw At±lw AwKoIcn¨XpamWnsX¶v apÉow
Ncn{XImcI·mcnÂXs¶ Hcp hn`mKw ]dbp¶p. GXmbmepw
CÉmwaXw C¯cw Xm¡menI hnhml§Ä¡v F¡mehpw
A\paXn \ÂInbncp¶p.1
146
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\mbv¡tfmSv hntcm[w
a\pjykapZmb¯nsâ hnImkNcn{X¯n AhÀ¡v F¶pw _
Ôphmbncp¶ Hcp PohnbmWv \mbv. `h\kwc£W¯n\pw
\mbm«n\pw Hs¡ ]«nIÄ D]Icn¡p¶p. Ct¸mÄ Ipämt\zj
W¯n\pw \mbv¡sf D]tbmKn¡p¶p­v. ]t£, apÉo§Ä
s]mXpsh \mbv¡tfmSv FXncmWv. ‘Idp¯ ]«nbpsS cq]¯nÂ
km¯m³ k©cn¡pw’ Fs¶mcp AÔhnizmkw Ad_nIfpsS
bnSbn D­mbncp¶p.2 AXpsIm­mbncn¡mw apÉo§Ä¡v
\mtbmSv hntcm[w h¶Xv. lZokpIfn \msb¸än ]dbp¶
Nne Imcy§Ä ChnsS D²cn¡mw.
“Xncpta\n Acpfn: \n§fnemcpsSsb¦nepw ]m{X¯n \n¶v
\mbv shÅw IpSn¨m B ]m{Xw Ah³ Ggp {]mhiyw Igp
Is«.”3
“\mbv¡fpw {]Xncq]§fpapÅ `h\¯n ae¡pIÄ {]th
in¡pIbnÃ.”4
kn.F³. Al½Zv auehn, _pJmcn¡v hymJym\sagpXp
t¼mÄ ]dbp¶Xpw {i²mÀlamWv. \mbpsS Imcy¯n CÉm
anse ]ÞnX·mÀ¡nSbn ]e A`n{]mb§fp­v. \msb sXm
«m Ggp {]mhiyw IgpIWsa¶v Camwim^n Cu ]dbpt¼mÄ
\mbsb Adp¯p `£n¡msa¶v Camw amenIv ]dbp¶p. \mb
bpsS hmbvsIm­v sXm«m am{Xta IgptI­XpÅpsh¶mWv
Camw _pJmcnbpsS ]£w... \mb Xebn« ]m{Xw Ggp {]mh
iyw IgpIm³ IÂ]n¨t¸mÄ AXn Hcp {]mhiyw a®p tNÀ¯p
IgpIWsa¶p Xncpta\n DWÀ¯nbn«p­v.”5
sUtämfpw CXc tcmKmWp\min\nIfpw I­p]nSn¡p¶Xn\p
ap¼pÅ Ime¯v Cu IgpIÂ BhiyamsW¶p k½Xn¡mw.
]t£, AÃmlphnsâ ae¡n\v ]«nsb F´mWv t]Sn? A\p
hmZw IqSmsX GXp ho«nepw Ibdns¨Ãp¶ kz`mhamWv ae
¡pIÄ¡pÅsX¶mWv ]dbs¸Sp¶Xv . A§s\bpÅhsc
I­m ]«n shdptXhnSpIbnsöpÅXv XoÀ¨.
arK§Ä kwkmcn¨p
ap¯Èn¡YIÄt]mepÅ ]eXpw lZokpIfn ImWmw. Hcp

147
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
DZmlcWanXmWv: “Hcn¡Â Xncpta\n (k) C§s\ Acpfn: H
cmÄ Hcp ]iphnsâ ]pd¯p Ibdn bm{X sN¿pt¼mÄ CSbv¡p
sh¨v B arKw AbmfpsS t\sc XncnªpsIm­v ]dªp: Fs¶
krjvSn¨n«pÅXv CXn\p th­nbÃ. Irjn¡pth­nbmWv Fs¶
krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. F¶n«v Xncpta\n (k) C§s\ Acpfn:
“]ip kwkmcn¨p F¶Xv Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p. (F¶n«v Xncp
ta\n XpSÀ¶v Acpfn) Hcn¡Â Hcp sN¶mbv HcmSns\ X«ns¡m
­pt]mbn. At¸mÄ B«nSb³ AXns\ ]n´pSÀ¶p. At¶cw
sN¶mbv tNmZn¨p. “Hcp CSb\panÃm¯ Ime¯v h\yarK§Ä
Cu BSpIsf B{Ian¡ms\¯pt¼mÄ Chsb c£n¡m³ Rm\
ÃmsX aämcmWp­mhpI?” At¸mgpw Xncpta\n (k) A§s\
Acpfn. “sN¶mbv kwkmcn¨p F¶ Imcy¯nepw F\n¡pw
A_qt_¡dn\pw Dadn\pw Dd¸p­v.”6
tcmKw ]m]¯nsâ ^ew
tcmK§Ä D­mIp¶Xn\v ]e ImcW§fpaps­¶v B[p\nI
a\pjyÀ¡dnbmw. F¶m AÃmlphpw {]hmNIcpw ]dbp¶Xv
]m]¯nsâ ^eamWv tcmKsa¶mWv. “tcmKw _m[n¨ hnizmkn
bn \n¶v ac¯n \n¶v DW§nb Ce F¶Xpt]mse ]m]
§Ä X\nsb sImgnªp t]mIpw” F¶v lZokn ]dbp¶p.
ssZhamWv FÃmäntâbpw {kjvSmsh¶pw At±lw kÀÆ
RvP\msW¶pamWtÃm hnizmknIÄ ]dbp¶Xv. kÀÆià
s\¶p ]dbs¸Sp¶ B AÃmlphn\pw At±l¯nsâ {]hmNI
s\¶p ]dbs¸Sp¶ apl½Zn\pw tcmKw, NnInÕ XpS§nbhsb
¸änbpÅ A`n{]mb§Ä JpÀB\n tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p­v.
“Xncpta\n (k) C§s\ Acpfp¶Xp Rm³ tI«n«p­v. Cu
Icn©ocIw acWsamgn¨pÅ FÃm tcmK§Ä¡pw ia\uj[
amWv.”7
CXv icnbmsW¦n B[p\nI NnInkvXmimkv{X¯nsâ
hnImkw Bhiyambncp¶nÃ. Ct¸mgpw icn¡p NnInÕ I­p
]nSn¡m¯ a´v, Im³kÀ XpS§nbhbv¡v Icn©ocIw sImSp
¯m aXntbm? C\n asämcp NnInÕmhn[n tIt«mfq:
Xncpta\n Acpfn: “tcmKia\w aq¶v Huj[§fnemWv ØnXn

148
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
sN¿p¶Xv. Hcp {]mhiyw IpSn¡m\pÅ tX³, Hcn¡Â sIm¼p
shbv¡pI, Hcp {]mhiyw NqSphbv¡pI. Fsâ A\pbmbnItfmSp
NqSpshbv¡cpsX¶p Rm\nXm hntcm[n¨psImÅp¶p.”8
CXn\p hn]coXambn asämchkc¯n ]dbp¶p: “Xncpta\n
(k) Acpfn: \n§Ä sN¿p¶ NnInÕIfn Gähpw ta¯cw
sIm¼pshbv¡epw IkvXp _lvcn D]tbmKn¡epamWv. Xncp
ta\n C§s\ XpSÀ¶cpfn: \n§fpsS Ip«nIÄ¡v sXm­bnÂ
thZ\bp­mIpt¼mÄ hncÂsh¨aÀ¯n \n§fhsc ]oUn¸n¡
cpXv. \n§Ä IkvXv D]tbmKn¨psImÅpI.”9
asämchkc¯n \_n D]tZin¨p. “knwls¯ `bt¶mSpw
t]mse ITn\Xc§fmb XzIvtcmK§fn \n¶v \o HmSnbI¶p
sImÅpI”10 F¶v.
Hcp apdnsshZysâ NnInÕbpw `b¸mSpamWv ChnsS¡mWp
¶Xv . am\hcminsb BsI `ojWns¸Sp¯ns¡m­ncp¶
IpjvTw, £bw, t¹Kv, tImfd, hkqcn XpS§nb tcmK§Ä¡v
B[p\nI sshZyimkv{Xw ^e{]Zamb NnInÕ I­p]nSn¨p.
“AÃmlphnsâ ZqX\v' F´psIm­p ^e{]Zamb NnInÕ \nÀ
t±in¡m³ IgnªnÃ? kÀÆÚ\mb AÃmlp Fs¶mcmÄ
D­mbncp¶psh¦n AXn\p hnjbap­mbncp¶nÃ. t\sc
adn¨v “t¹KpaqeapÅ acWw càkm£nbpsS acWamWv”11
F¶p ]dªv HgnbpIbmWv apl½Zp sNbvXXv. shdpw Hcp \m
S³ a{´hmZnbpsS Xe¯ntebv¡v apl½Zp XmW kw`h§fpw
lZokpIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p­v.
Bbnjm (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. It®dp X«nbm a{´n
¨qXm³ Xncpta\n (k) D]tZin¨n«p­v.12
“D½kea (d)bn \n¶p \nthZ\w. apJ¯v Hcp ]mSpÅ
Hcp s]¬Ip«nsb AhnSps¯ ho«nÂsh¨p I­t¸mÄ Xncpta
\n (k) Acpfn: Ahsf \n§Ä a{´n¨qXns¡mÅpI. AhÄ¡v
It®dpX«nbncn¡p¶p.”13
“AÃmlphnsâ \ma¯n \½psS \mYsâ A\paXntbmsS,
\½psS `qanbnse a®v \½n NnecpsS Xp¸p\otcmSpIqSn
\½psS tcmKnbpsS tcmKs¯ ian¸n¡s«” F¶v Xncpta\n
(k) tcmKnsb t\m¡ns¡m­v {]mÀ°n¡mdp­mbncp¶p. 14
149
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“Bbnjbn \n¶p \nthZ\w. hnjapÅsX´p IpSn¨mepw
a{´n¡phm³ Xncpta\n (k) A\phZn¨n«p­v. ”15
GsX¦nepw AeÀPnsImt­m atäsX¦nepw hn[¯ntem
apJ¯p­mIp¶ ]mSv asämcmfpsS I®p ]änbp­mbXmsW¶v
]dbpI. AXn\p NnInÕbmbn a{´hmZs¯ \nÀt±in¡pIþ
CsXms¡ 1300 hÀj§Ä¡p ap¼p Pohn¨ncp¶ Hcp tKm{XhÀK
cmPmhn\mImw. ]m¼p ISn¨m a{´hmZw sNbvXm aXnsb¶p
IcpXp¶hÀ C¶pap­v. aqÀJ³ ]m¼ns\s¡m­v GsX¦nepw
hnjand¡m³ Ignbp¶hÀ¡v \sÃmcp XpI sImSp¡msa¶v apw
ss_bnse lm^vssI³ C³Ìnäyq«v {]Jym]n¨n«v hÀj§fm
bncn¡p¶p. CXphsc Hcp apÉow a{´hmZnbpw B shÃphnfn
kzoIcn¨n«nÃ. t\scadn¨v kÀ¸Zwi\ta¡p¶ apÉo§Ä
Bip]{XnIfn t]mbn Bânsh\³ Ip¯nsh¨v c£s]«
A\p`h§Ä [mcmfap­v.
BcpsSsb¦nepw ]m\ob¯n Cu¨ hoWm Cu¨sb apgp
h\mbn AXn ap¡nsbSp¯nt« ]pd¯p Ifbmhq F¶pw Cu¨
bpsS Hcp NndIn tcmKhpw atä NndIn Huj[hpamWpÅ
sX¶pw apl½Zp ]dªXv ap¼p Nq­n¡m«nbn«p­v. CXpw 'ssZ
hZqX'sâ hnhc¯nsâ seh sXfnbn¡p¶p !
`£W¯nsâ hne¡pIÄ
`£W¯n NneXp tamiamsW¶pw aäp NneXv \ÃXmsW
¶pw apÉo§Ä hnizkn¡p¶p. AXn Gähpw {][m\s¸« H
¶mWv ]¶namwkw. F´mWXn\p ImcWw? ]pcmX\ skanänIv
hÀK§Ä hnizkn¨ncp¶Xv ]¶n ]nimNnsâ hml\amsW¶m
Wv. ]pXnb \nba ss__nfnÂXs¶ ]pd¯m¡s¸« ]nimNp
¡Ä ]¶nbn {]thin¨Xmbn ]dªpImWp¶p. ]gb\nba
ss__nfnepw ]¶namwkw \njn²amsW¶p ]dªn«p­v .
shdpw AÔhnizmksa¶Xn Ihnª imkv{Xobamb Imcy§
sfm¶pw CXnenÃ. `£Ws¯¸än JpÀB³ ]dbp¶Xv C§s\
bmWv:
“kXyhnizmknItf! \n§Ä AÃmlphnsâ imk\bv¡p
hnt[bcmbn«mWv Pohn¡p¶sX¦nÂ, \mw \n§Ä¡p \ÂInbn

150
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
cn¡p¶ \à km[\§fn (BhiyapÅXp) `£n¨p sImÅpI.
Aht\mSp IrXÚX ImWn¡pI.”17
“ihhpw càhpw ]¶namwkhpw AÃmlphÃm¯hÀ¡pth
­n Ad¡s¸«Xpw am{XamWv AÃmlp hntcm[n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
C\n hÃh\pw (Xsâ Pohs\ c£nt¡­Xn¶v Cu \njn²
hkvXp¡Ä Xs¶ `£n¡phm³) \nÀ_ÔnX\mbn¯oÀ¶mÂ
Ahsâ t]cn Ipäsam¶panÃ. ]t£, AXp Xn¶p¶Xv kzlrZ
b¯nepZn¨ B{Klw aqeambncn¡cpXv.”18
ChnsS AÃmlphÃm¯hÀ¡pth­n sIm¶sX¶p ]dbp
¶Xv ‘_nkvan’ sNmÃmsX sImÃp¶Xns\bmWv. ]¶namwkw
Xn¶cpsX¶v ChnsSbpw ]dbp¶ps­¦nepw ImcWw hyàam
¡p¶nÃ. “(]¶namwkw) a\pjysâ BtcmKys¯ \in¸n¡pI
bpw Nne `b¦c tcmK§Ä¡v Ahs\ hnt[b\m¡pIbpw sN¿p
¶XmsW¶v sshZyimkv{X \n]pW·mÀ ]ecpw {]Jym]n¨n«p
­v” F¶v JpÀB³ hymJym\n¨psIm­v kn.F³. Al½Zv
auehn CXns\ \ymboIcn¡m³ {ian¨n«p­v.19 Hcp sshZyimkv
{XÚ\pw ]¶namwkw tcmKap­m¡psa¶p ]dªn«nsöpÅ
XmWv hmkvXhw. ]¶nbpsS sXmenbn \mShncbpsS AWp
¡Ä ImWpsa¶v NneÀ ]dªn«pÅXmImw auehnbpsS sXfnhv.
A\mtcmKyIcamb Npäp]mSpIfn hfcp¶ ]¶nIfnte CXp
ImWmdpÅq. Nne tImgnIÄ¡v tcmKw D­mImdps­¶p sh¨v
tImgnamwkw \njn²amsW¶p ]dbmtam?
aZyw Ign¡cpsX¶v \_n ]dªn«ps­¦nepw kzÀK¯nÂ
AXpw CjvSwt]mse e`n¡psa¶pw ]dbpIbp­mbn.
hn{Klmcm[\
apÉo§Ä hn{Klmcm[\bvs¡XncmsW¶v AhÀ DZvtLmjn
¡mdp­v. temI¯n AhÀ¡v B[n]Xyw Øm]n¡m³ km[n¨
Øe§fnseÃmw ap¼pÅ ]pcmX\ t£{X§fpw hn{Kl§fpw
AhÀ XIÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp. hn{Klmcm[\, _lpssZh]qP
F¶nh CÃmXm¡m³ CÉmwaXw hfsctbsd {i²n¨ncp¶psh
¶pw AXpsIm­v C¡mcy§fn ]ptcmKa\]camb Hcp \ne
]mSv AhÀ¡ps­¶pamWv ]ecptSbpw [mcW. aäp aX§fpsS

151
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
t£{X§Ä XIÀ¡pIbpw hn{Kl§Ä DSbv¡pIbpw sImÅ
bSnbv¡pIbpw sNbvXp F¶pÅXv icnbmWv. CÃm¯ ssZh
s¯ Bcm[n¡p¶Xv, AXv H¶ns\ Bbmepw ]¯ns\ Bbm
epw, H¶pt]mse Xs¶bmWv. AÃmlp AÃmsX thsd ssZhan
söp ]dbp¶ apÉo§ÄXs¶ C³Uybn At\Iw kn²·m
tcbpw Huenbm¡tfbpw Bcm[n¡p¶Xp ImWmw. s]cp¼S¸p
]p¯³]Ån Pmdw, Imªnc¸Ånbnse Pmdw XpS§nbh A
Xn s]Sp¶p. a¡bnse Im A_bnse IÃns\ hW§p¶Xpw
hn{Klmcm[\bpsS asämcp cq]amWv.19

References:
1. Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, (London, 1953), p. 419
2, Ibid., p. 215
3. klolp _pJmcn, 132
4. Ibid., 1564
5. Ibid., p. 73
6. Ibid., 1040
7. Ibid., 1916
8. Ibid., 1914
9. Ibid., 1918
10. Ibid., 1920
11. Ibid., 1924
12. Ibid., 1925
13. Ibid., 1926
14. Ibid., 1927
15. Ibid., 1928
16. Ibid., 1934, 1358
17. JpÀ B³ 2:172
18. Ibid., 2:173
19. Ibid., p. 495 (^pSvt\m«v)
20. Fw._n.sI, CÉmapw hn{Klmcm[\bpw, (I®qÀ, 1982)

152
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

13
apl½Zv P\n¡mXncps¶¦nÂ
“C¶s¯ PohnXkn²m´§Ä A\pkcn¨p t\m¡nbm apl
½Zv {Iqc\mb Hcp IncmX\pw ZbbnÃm¯ aX{`m´\pambncp¶p.
aX]camb Imcy§fn klnjvWpX ]peÀ¯nbncp¶ temI
¯v At±lw aXhntZzjw {]Ncn¸n¨p. kv{XoIfpsS kzmX{´yw
At±lw sh«n¨pcp¡n. IpSpw_§sf XIÀ¯p. {Iqcamb
in£IÄ At±lw Iev]n¨p. apl½Zv P\n¨nÃmbncps¶¦nÂ
temIw C¶t¯¡mÄ sa¨s¸« ØeamIpambncp¶p.”1
{]kn² Bkvt{Xenb³ {KÙImc\mb tImfn³ ‘sabvsâ
CÉmansâ sImess¡’ F¶ ]pkvXIw Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶Xv
taÂs¡mSp¯ hmNI§tfmSpIqSnbmWv. apl½Zn\p tijapÅ
temINcn{Xhpw CÉmwaX{KÙ§fpw \njv]£ambn hmbn¡p
¶ Hcp kzX{´Nn´I³ kzm`mhnIambn A§s\ Nn´n¨p
t]mIpw. a¡bnse `cWm[nImcnIfmbncp¶ JpssdinIfpsS
IpSpw_¯n ]nd¶ apl½Zv B«nSb\mbpw H«It\m«¡mc\pw
I¨hS¡mc\mbpw hfsc¡mew Pohn¨ tijamWv kzbw
{]hmNI\msW¶p ]dªv cwK¯p hcp¶Xv. At±l¯n\p
IqsS¡qsS ae¡pIÄ {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw D]tZi§Ä \ÂIp
Ibpw sNbvXp F¶p ]dbp¶Xv icnbmsW¦n B[p\nI a\x
imkv{X¯nsâ ZrjvSnbn kvIntkmt{^\nb F¶ am\knI
tcmKw _m[n¨bmfmbncp¶p. {ItaW, Hcp aq¶mwXcw shfn¨¸m
Snsâ \nebnte¡v At±lw XmWp. \nÊmcamb kzImcy{]iv\
§Ä¡p th­n t]mepw {]Xy£s¸Sp¶ ae¡pw, AhXcn¸n
¡p¶ JpÀB³ hN\§fpw Hs¡ Hcp ]cnjvIrXa\pjy\v
Nncn¡p hI \ÂIp¶XmWv. JpÀB³ hN\§Ä¡p ]pdta

153
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\_nNcyIÄ hniZam¡p¶ lZokpIfpw B aXs¯¸än \ap¡v
Adnhp \ÂIp¶p.
XtXzm]tZi§ÄsImt­m \à PohnXamXrIsImt­m
AÃ, hmfnsâ hmbv¯esIm­mWv apl½Zv BfpIsf aX¯nÂ
tNÀ¯Xv. \nch[n tKm{X§sf At±lw \in¸n¨p. tIm«IÄ
XIÀ¡pIbpw sImÅbSn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. At±l¯nsâ
injy·mcmIs«, {]mNo\ \mKcnIXIfpsS tI{µ§fmb an{kbn
apw (Cu Pn]vXv) _m_ntemWpw SpWokpw AÊndnbbpsams¡
XIÀ¯p Xcn¸Wam¡n.
C§s\ aäp cmPy§tfbpw \mKcnIXItfbpw XIÀ¯tXm
sSm¸w X½nÂXÃm\pw kz´w kl{]hÀ¯IcpsS càw sNm
cnbm\pw AhÀ aSn¨nÃ. Adp]¯naq¶mas¯ hbÊn apl½Zv
A´cn¨t¸mÄ At±l¯nsâ `mcym]nXmhmb A_pt_¡À
`cWm[nImcnbpw aXm[nImcnbpambn. Ct±lw BZyw sNbvXXv
CÉmwaX¯n\p hncp²ambn N´n¡p¶hsc B{Ian¨p \in¸n
¡pIbmbncp¶p. apsskena¯v F¶bmfnsâ t\XrXz¯nÂ
\mev]Xn\mbnc¯nÂ]cw ]SbmfnIÄ A_p_¡dns\ FXnÀ
¯p. tLmcamb Cu bp²¯n apsskena¯v h[n¡s¸«p.
AbmfpsS A\pbmbnIsf Iq«t¯msS sIm¶p. CÉmwaXw
AwKoIcn¡phm³ k¶²X {]ISn¸n¨hÀ am{XamWv c£s¸«
Xv. ]n¶oSv Jmen^v Bb DaÀ XnIª Hcp aX{`m´\mbncp¶p.
]¯p hÀjs¯ `cWIme¯n\nSbn At\Iw \Kc§tfbpw
cmjv{S§tfbpw XIÀ¯p. {InkvXpaXt¯bpw bqZaXt¯bpw
AXnsâ P·Øe¯p\n¶p thÀ]dn¨p hn«Xv DadmWv. Ct±
ls¯ {]mÀ°\mthfbn HcmÄ Ip¯ns¡mÃpIbmbncp¶p.
XpSÀ¶v A[nImc¯n h¶ Dkvam\pw B{IaW§Ä¡pw sh«n
¸nSn¯¯n\pw tamiambncp¶nÃ. kz´w BfpIÄ Xs¶ At±
lt¯bpw sIm¶p. ]n¶oSnt§m«v càs¨mcn¨nensâbpw A[n
ImcaÕc§fpsSbpw ImeamWv. Fs´´p cà¸pgIÄ aX¯n
sâ t]cn AhÀ Hgp¡n! ]ptcmlnX ta[mhnXz¯n A[njvTn
Xhpw bmsXmcp klnjvWpXbpanÃm¯Xpamb B {]mIrX
aXw hnjtcmKmWpt]mse ]SÀ¶p]nSn¨p. AXp temI Ncn{X

154
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¯nse al¯mb ]e kw`h\Itfbpw XIÀ¯p. a\pjy
hÀK¯nsâ ]ptcmKXn A§s\ XSbs¸«p.
aäp ]e aX§tfbpwImÄ {]mIrXhpw AÔhnizmk¯nÂ
A[njvTnXhpamb Hcp aXamWv CÉmw. AXnsâ aX{KÙamb
JpÀB³ hntizm¯c {KÙamsW¶v BhÀ¯n¨mhÀ¯n¨v A
XnÂXs¶ ]dbp¶p­v:
“C\n \½psS Zmk\p (apl½Zp\_n¡v) \mw AhXcn¸n¨p
sImSp¯ JpÀB\n \n§Ä¡v (Ct¸mgpw) kwibamWpÅ
sX¦n (bmYmÀ°yw I­p]nSn¡m³ Hcp amÀKap­v). X¯pey
amb Hcp {KÙ¯n \n¶v Hc²ymbw \n§Ä sIm­phcnI.
thWsa¦n Hcp kwLSnX ]cn{iawXs¶ AXn\p \S¯n
s¡mÅpI. AÃmlphns\ hn«p, \n§Ä¡pÅ klmbnIsf (F
Ãmhsc)bpw £Wn¨psImÅpI. \n§Ä kXyhmZnIfmsW
¦nÂ.”2
“C\n A§s\bÃ, apl½Zv (AÃmlphnsâ t]cnÂ) hymP
ambn \nÀ½n¨XmWv Cu JpÀBs\¶v AhÀ ]dbp¶pt­m?
(Ds­¦nÂ) \o (AhtcmSp) ]dbpI, \n§Ä kXyhmZnIfm
sW¦n JpÀB\p Xpeyamb Hc²ymbw \n§Ä X¿mdm¡n
s¡m­p hcnI. AÃmlphns\ hn«v BscsbÃmw (klmb¯n
¶p) hnfn¡phm³ \n§Ä¡p Ignhpt­m AhscsbÃmw £
Wn¡pIbpw sN¿pI.”3
Cu shÃphnfn HcÀ°¯n icnbmWv. C{X tamiamb Hcp
IrXn cNn¡m³ ]eÀ¡pw IgnbpIbnÃ. tjIvkv]nbÀ \mSI§
fptStbm tSmÄtÌmbn IrXnIfptStbm ASp¯p \n¡m\pÅ
tbmKyX Cu IrXn¡nÃ. hmfnsâ ap¼n sh¨v ]ecpw CXnsâ
alXzw Gäp ]dªn«p­mImsa¦nepw {]mIrX\pw at\mtcmKn
bpamb Hcp Ad_ntKm{XhÀK cmPmhnsâ AhnZKv[ lkvX§Ä
cq]w sImSp¯XmWv Cu IrXn. sImetbbpw ss]imNnI§
fmb {IqcXItfbpw CXv \ymboIcn¡p¶p. a\pjy hÀKs¯
]ckv]cw X½n XÃn¡p¶p. Cu ]pkvXIs¯t¸mse a\p
jys\ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¨n«pÅ asämcp IrXnbpw C¶phsc
temI¯v D­mbn«nÃ.

155
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
References:
1. tImfn³sabn³, bpànNn´, (\yqsUÂln, 1982), t]Pv. 143
2. JpÀB³, 2:23
3. Ibid., 10:38

156
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allerry, A.J., The Koran Interpreted, (New York, 1955)

Ali, Muhammed, The Prophet Muhammad, (London, 1947)
Ameer, Ali Syed, The Spirit of Islam: A History of Evolution and
Idelas of Islam, (London, 1922)
Amin, Muhammed, The Sayings of Prophet Muhammad, (Lahore,
1945)
Arnold, T.W., Preaching of Islam, (London, 1954)
Berger, Morroe, The Arab World Today, (London, 1962)
Browne, lewis, The Believing World, (California, 1939)
Dawood, N.J, The Koran (New Translation), (London, 1956)
Ferguson, Jobn, War and Peace in the World's Religions, (Lon-
don, 1977)
Hughes, Thomas Patric, A Dictionary of Islam, (London, 1885)
Liechtenstwader. Else, Islam and Modern Age, (London, n.d.)
Nadwi, Abdul Hassan Ali, Religion and Civilisation, (Lucknow,
1970)
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, Ideals and Realities of Islam, (London, 1966)
Nicholson, Reynold A., A Literary History of the Arabs, (New
York, 1907)
O'Leary, D, Lacy, Arabic Thought and its Place in History, (Lon-
don, 1954)
Payne, Robert, The Holy Sword, (London, 1961)
Roberts, Robert, The Social Laws of the Qran, (New Delhi - 1978)
Rodwell, J.W., The Koran: The Suras arranged in chronological
order, (London, 1918)
157
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Watt, W. Montgomery, Islam and the Intergration of Society, (Lon-
don, 1961)
Williams, John Alden, Islam, (New York, 1961)
Zafarulla Khan, Muhammad, The Qoran (English Translation),
(London, 1971)

Encyclopaedias

Encyclopaedia Britanica, (Chicago, 1978)

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, (New York, 1955)
Rationalist Encyclopaedia, (London, 1956)
The Encyclopaedia of Islam; A Dictionary of the Geography,
Enthnography and Biography of the Muhammadan People,
(London, 1913)
Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam, (Leiden, 1953)
World Book Encyclopaedia, (Chicago, 1976)

aebmfw
A_q_¡À apÉymÀ, kv {XoIfpw Pqap Ax Pam A¯pw,
(tImgnt¡mSv, 1980)
A_v Z pÂJmZÀ apÉymÀ Fw.F., apÉo§fpw ico A¯p
\nba§fpw, (tNfmcn, 1974)
A_vZpÂJmZÀ, tUm. F³., kz]v\hymJym\w, (Xncqc§mSn,
1981)
A_vZpÃm auehn sI.kn, ]ctemIw JpÀB\nÂ, (tImgnt¡mSv,
1981)
A_vZpÃm auehn, Sn.sI., X^vkodp JpÀB³, (]c¸\§mSn,
1981)

158
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Aam\n auehn, apl½Zv, hnip² JpÀB³, (tImgnt¡mSv, 1981)
Al½Zv auehn, kn.F³., ]cnip² JpÀB³, (tIm«bw, 1973)
Al½Zv auehn, kn.F³., CÉmw Hcp ka{K]T\w,
(tImgnt¡mSv, 1976)
Al½Zv auehn, kn.F³., JpÀ Bs¶Xncn bpànhmZnIfpsS
Nne ]¨\pWIÄ, tImgnt¡mSv.
CSadpIv, CÉmanse PmXnk{¼Zmbw, (\yqsUÂln, 1981)
CSadpIv, k\Â, bpànNn´, (\yqsUÂln, 1982)
D½ÀIp«n, F.F³.]n., Gjy³ Ad_ncmPy§Ä, (tIm«bw, 1978)
Dkvam³. tUm. A_vZpÂIcow, cmjv{SobhyhØ CÉmanÂ, (1980)
Fw._n.sI., CÉmapw hn{Klmcm[\bpw, (I®qÀ, 1982)
Iem\mY³, bp., CÉmwaXhpw bpànhmZhpw, (XriqÀ, 1981)
Ipªn_mhm apÉymÀ, ]n.sI., kqd¯¶qÀ (]cn`mj), (XrÈqÀ,
1981)
Jm³, hloZp±o³, CÉmans\ ]cnNbs¸SpI, (tacn¡p¶v, 1967)
ssNX\y IrjvW, Ad_n kmlnXyNcn{Xw, (tIm«bw, 1971)
N´mhqÀ, sI.hn.Fw., kod¯p CÉmw AYhm, CÉmwaX
Ncn{Xw, (]c¸\§fmSn, 1981)
_pJmcn, Camw apl½ZpÂ, klolp _pJmcn, (kn.F³.
Al½Zv auehnbpsS ]cn`mjw), (tImgnt¡mSv, 1970)
amÀ¡v dh.sI., ^m¯nlm \ncq]Ww, (XncphÃm, 1946)
apÉow Camw, klolp apÉow (sI. Aehn auehnbpsS XÀÖa),
(IS¶a®, 1978)
apl½Zv. Sn., CÉmanse C_mZ¯v, (tImgnt¡mSv, 1979)
apl½Zv apÉymÀ, sI.hn., JpÀB³ XÀÖa e£y¯nsâ
shfn¨¯nÂ, (tXªn¸mew, n.d.)
lʳ apÉymÀ, C.sI., XlvZnd CJvhm³an³ XÀPaXn JpÀ
B³, (tImgnt¡mSv, 1982)

159
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn
‘JpÀB³: Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ {]kn²oIcn¨Xnt\¯pSÀ¶v,
JpÀBs\bpw CÉmw aXt¯bpw hnaÀin¨p sIm­v Ggp ]pkvX
I§Ä ]pd¯p hcnIbp­mbn. Cu ]pkvXIs¯ hnaÀin¨p
sIm­v CÉmwaX¯nsâ tIcf¯nse t\Xm¡·mÀ Bdp ]pkv
XI§fpw {]kn²oIcn¨p. Ahtb¸änbpÅ hnhc§Ä apJhpc
bn sImSp¯n«pÅXpsIm­v ChnsS BhÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ. Cu
]pkvXIs¯ hnaÀin¨hbn Hmtcm¶n\papÅ adp]Sn XpSÀ¶p
sImSp¡p¶p.
CÉmapw CSadpIpw
kn.Sn. A_vZpdlnw FgpXnb Cu ]pkvXIamWv Fsâ ]pkvX
Is¯ hnaÀin¨psIm­v BZyw amÀ¡än F¯nbXv. Cu ]pkv
XIt¯¸än kXyZqXsâ ]{Xm[n]cmb apl½Zv A_vZpÂh^m
]n¶oSv FgpXnbXv C§s\bmWv:
“Hcp apÉow Fgp¯pImc³ Hcp JÞ\w {]kn²oIcns¨
¦nepw AXv CSadpInsâ Bt£]§fn ]eXn\pw adp]Snbmbn
söp am{XaÃ, Bt£]§sf icnshbv¡p¶ Xc¯nepambn
cp¶p” (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw AhXmcnI, t]Pv XI)
kn.Sn. A_vZpdlnansâ ‘CÉmapw CSadpIpw’ F¶ ]pkvX
Iw hmbn¨t¸mÄ Rm³ ]dªXv ]eXpw icnbmsW¶v At±
lw k½Xn¡p¶Xmbn I­p. At±l¯nsâ Nne k½Xsamgn
IÄ Xmsg sImSp¡p¶p.
1. apl½Zv\_nbpsS AdnhpIpdhv
hnIkzcamb a\pjy_p²n, hfÀ¨bpsS {]mcw` L«§fn kzm
`mhnIamb _meniXzw {]ISn¸n¡psa¶ AwKoIrXXXzw JpÀ
Bsâ ]qÀhnI hymJymXm¡Ä¡pw hIsh¨p sImSp¡phm³

160
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
\mw k¶²cmtI­Xp­v. A\p`h§fpsSbpw KthjW \nco
£W§fpsSbpw shfn¨¯n `qan ]c¶XmsW¶p {Kln¡p
hm³ am{Xta Hcp Ime¯v imkv{X¯nsâ _p²niàn hfÀ
¶ncp¶psh¦n A¡mes¯ thZhymJymXmhpw ImeL«
¯nsâ Cu ]cnanXn hIsh¨p In«m³ AÀl\mWv.” (CÉmapw
CSadpIpw t]Pv 42)
`qan ]c¶XmsW¶pÅ JpÀB\nse {]kvXmh\ imkv{Xhn
cp²amsW¶pÅ Fsâ A`n{]mb¯n\pÅ adp]SnbmWnXv. im
kv{Xw a\pjysâ _p²nbp]tbmKn¨p \S¯p¶ KthjW§
fpsS ^eambn«mWv hfcp¶Xv. AXpsIm­v AXn Nnet¸mÄ
sXäphcmw. AXpt]mse thZhymJymXm¡Ä¡pw sXäphcmsa
¶mWv A_vZpdlnw ]dbp¶Xv. ‘JpÀB³’ FgpXnb apl½Zv
\_n Ggmw iXI¯nse Atd_ybnemWv Pohn¨ncp¶Xv. `qan
Dcp­XmsW¶p Adnbphm³ At±l¯n\v Hcp amÀKhpw D­m
bncp¶nÃ. AXv At±l¯nsâ IpäaÃ. A¶p s]mXpth `qantb
¸änbpÅ [mcW AXmbncp¶p. ]Xn\©mw iXI¯n\ptij
amWv `qan Dcp­XmsW¶ hkvXpX Ak¶nKv[ambn sXfnbp
¶Xv. At¸mÄ `qan ]c¶XmsW¶v apl½Zv ]dªXn At±l
s¯ Ipäs¸Sp¯m³ km[yaÃ. ]t£, apl½Zv Znhy]pcpj\m
sW¶pw JpÀB³ FgpXnbXv ssZhiànbmemsW¶pw ]d
ªm Cu sXäv \ymboIcn¡phm³ km[yaÃ. FÃmw krjvSn
¨Xv ssZhamsW¶pw At±lw kÀhÚ\msW¶pw ]dbpIbpw
AtX B ssZh¯n\v `qan Dcp­XmsW¶v Adnbm³ Ignªn
söp ]dbpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv ]ckv]chncp²amWv.
‘JpÀB³’ FgpXnb Bfnsâ Adnhp Ipdhv asämcp `mK¯pw
A_vZpdlnw Iptd¡qSn hyàambn k½Xn¡p¶Xp t\m¡pI:-
“`qanbpsS Hmtcm Awihpw tKmfmIrXnbmbn«Ã a\pjy\v
A\p`hs¸Sp¶Xv. k©mcm[nhmk§Äs¡Ãmw kuIcy{]Z
amb, t\ms¡¯m¯ AIe¯n ]c¶p hnimeambn InS¡p¶
Hcp hnXm\ambn«mWv `qansb AhÀ ImWp¶Xv. a\pjy¶\p`h
thZyamb Cu hkvXpX kqNn¸n¨psIm­mWv JpÀB³ taÂ
hnhcn¨ hn[w {]kvXmhn¨Xv.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpw, t]Pv. 46)

161
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Rm³ ]dªXpw CXpw X½nse´mWv hyXymkw. `qan hfsc
hepXmbXpsIm­v AXp ]c¶XmsW¶p km[mcW¡mÀ¡p
tXm¶pw. ssZh¯ntâXmsW¶ a«n apl½Zv ]IÀ¯nbXv
At±l¯nsâ B Adnhp IpdhmWv. Hcp ssZhw D­mbncn¡p
Ibpw, At±l¯nsâ {]tNmZ\¯m apl½Zv JpÀB³ FgpXp
IbpamWp sNbvXncp¶sX¦n `qan ]c¶XmsW¶pÅ sXämb
{]kvXmh\ JpÀB\n ImWpambncp¶nÃ.
2. ‘JpÀB³ apl½Znsâ krjvSn’
“C¶pw ]qÀWambn a\Ênemhm¯ Nne ]cmaÀi\§Ä JpÀ
B\nep­v.” (‘CÉmapw CSadpIpw’ t]Pv 44) F¶v A_vZpdlnw
asämcnS¯p ]dbp¶p. AXns\ At±lw \ymboIcn¡p¶Xv
C§s\bmWv: “CXp ]t£, JpÀBsâ \yq\XbÃ. a\pjy
_p²nbpsS kzm`mhnIamb ]cnanXnbmWv..... Hcp ]t£, Ahkm
\whsc a\pjy_p²n¡v AXp ]nSnIn«msX Ahtijn¨p F¶pw
hcmw.” (Sn ]pkvXIw t]Pv 44)
CXp tI«m tXm¶pw, JpÀB³ FgpXnbXv a\pjyÀ¡p
th­nbsöv. a\pjyÀ¡v ssZhnI kXyw shfns¸Sp¯m³
th ­n ssZhw AhXcn¸n¨XmWv JpÀB³ F¶p ]dbp¶Xp
icnbsöpw apl½Znsâ `mh\bnepw Adnhnepw s]«sXms¡
Ip¯n¡pdn¨XmWv AsX¶papÅ Fsâ A`n{]mbs¯ A_vZp
dlnw ChnsSbpw icnshbv¡p¶p.
3. `qanbpw ]ÀÆX§fpw
‘`qan a\pjyt\mSp IqSn Ncnªp t]mImXncnt¡­Xn\v AXnÂ
\mw Nne ]ÀhX§sf Øm]n¨p’ F¶v JpÀB³ 21:31þÂ ]d
bp¶p­v. ‘Ncnªpt]mImXncnt¡­Xn\p’ F¶Xn\p ]Icw
‘Nen¡mXncn¡m\mbn’ F¶v NneÀ CXn\p XÀPa \ÂInbncn
¡p¶p. CXv ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\’¯n Rm³ Nq­n
¡mWn¨ncp¶p. AXn\p A_vZpdlnw ]dbp¶ \ymbw Nncn¡p
hI \ÂIp¶XmWv. At±lw ]dbp¶p:-
“CSt¯m«pw het¯m«pw NmbmsX k©cn¡p¶ hnam\
s¯ ¡pdn¨p, hnam\w Cf¡anÃmsX ]d¡p¶p F¶p ]dbmdp
­tÃm. A{]Imcw \nÝnX {`aW]Y¯n Id§ns¡m­ncn

162
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¡p¶ `qanbpw Cf¡anÃmsX Id§p¶p F¶À°w” (CÉmapw
CSadpIpw þ t]Pv 49)
hnam\w Cf¡anÃmsX ]d¡p¶p F¶p ]dbmdp­tÃm F¶v
A_vZpdlnw ]dªncn¡p¶Xv Hcp X{´amWv. A§s\ Bcpw
]dbmdnÃ. ‘NmbmXncn¡pI’, ‘CfImXncn¡pI’ F¶o ]Z§Ä
kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv, `qan \nÝeambn \n¡pIbmsW¶ hnizmk
amWv JpÀB³ cNbnXmhn\v D­mbncp¶sX¶mWv.
“`qan Id§ns¡m­ncn¡p¶p F¶p kqNn¸n¡p¶ {]kvXmh
\Ifpw JpÀB\n ImWmw”þ F¶v A_vZpdlnw XpSÀ¶p ]d
bp¶p. (CÉmapw CSadpIpwþt]Pv 49). CXn\p sXfnhmbn At±lw
D²cn¡p¶ hmIyw JpÀB³ 21:33 BWv. Sn.sI. A_vZpà auehn
B hmIyw XÀÖa sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
“cm{Xntbbpw ]Ient\bpw kqcyt\bpw N{µt\bpw krjvSn¨
h\s{X Ah³. AhsbÃmw Htc aÞe¯n XzcnXKa\w
sNbvXpsIm­ncn¡p¶p.”
kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa IqSn t\m¡pI:
“cm¸IepItfbpw kqcyt\bpw krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶Xv Ah\
s{X. (ChbnÂ) Hmtcm¶pw AXnsâ aÞe§fn k©cn¨p
sIm­ncn¡pIbmWv.”
C\nbpw Cu hmIy¯nsâ Cw¥ojv hnhÀ¯\w t\m¡mw.
“It was He who created the night and the day, and the sun and the
moon; each floats freely in an orbit of its own.” (The Qran, Dar Al-
Choura)
se_t\m\nse inbþkp¶n Iu¬knepIÄ AwKoIcn¨Xpw
en_nb³ Kh¬saâ v {]kn²oIcn¨Xpamb JpÀB\n \n¶p
ÅXmWv ta sImSp¯ D²cWn. thÄUv CÉmanIv ]»nt¡j³
knsâ (sUÂln) t¥mdnbkv sImdm³ (Glorius Koran) B hm
Iyw sImSp¡p¶Xv C§s\bmWv.
“And He it is Who created the night and the day, the sun and the
moon. They float each in an orbit.”
CXnsem¶pw `qan Id§p¶p F¶p ]dbp¶nÃ. kqcy\pw
N{µ\pw cmhpw ]Iepw k©cn¨psIm­ncn¡p¶p F¶pÅXv
a\pjyÀ AXn]pcmX\Imew apXse hnizkn¨ncp¶ ImcyamWv.
163
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AXn IqSpX hnhcsam¶pw JpÀB\nsem ss__nfntem
CÃ.
4. BImisa¶ X«v
‘JpÀB³: Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ F¶ {KÙ¯nsâ Hcp `mK¯v
Rm³ C§s\ ]dªn«p­v:-
“`qanbn \n¶p \át\{X§ÄsIm­v BImit¯¡p t\m
¡pt¼mÄ `qan¡p apIfn Hcp X«pt]mse BImiw \n¡p¶p
F¶pw kqcy\pw N{µ\pw \£{X§fpsams¡ AXn\SnbneqsS
k©cn¡pIbmsW¶pw \ap¡p tXm¶pw. ]e {]mNo\ aX{KÙ
§fnepw ImWp¶ Nn{Xhpw AXpXs¶bmWv. BImiamIp¶
X«n\papIfn ssZh§fpw tZh·mcpw hkn¡p¶p F¶mWv k¦
ev]w. `qan¡p Xmsg ]nimNp¡Ä, Akpc·mÀ XpS§nbh hkn
¡p¶ ]mXmfaps­¶pw A¡me¯p k¦ev]n¡s¸«ncp¶p.”
A§s\ aq¶p temI§Ä (AImiw, `qan, ]mXmfw) Ds­¶
hnizmkw \nehn h¶p. B[p\nIimkv{Xw Cu hnizmk§
sfÃmw sXämsW¶p hyàambn Øm]n¨p. kqcys\ {]Z£nWw
sh¨psIm­ncn¡p¶ {Kl§fn H¶mb `qan Dcp­XmsW¶pw
ChnsS\n¶p t\m¡pt¼mÄ BImisa¶p \ap¡p tXm¶p¶Xv
I®nsâ shdpw {`aamsW¶pw hnZqc§fmb aÞe§fn Øn
XnsN¿p¶ \£{X{]]©§sf¸än t\cnb Adnhp am{Xta
a\p jy\pÅq F¶pw imkv{XÚ³amÀ hyàam¡p¶p. ]t£,
ssZhw Cd¡ns¡mSp¯ JpÀB\v BImiw, \£{X§Ä, kq
cy³, N{µ³ XpS§nbhtb¸än Nne A`n{]mb§fp­v. Nne
DZmlcW§Ä Xmsg sImSp¡mw.
“GgmImi§sfbpw Ahbv¡p Xpeyambn `qantbbpw krjvSn
¨h\mWv AÃmlp” (JpÀB³ 65:12)
“]n¶oSv Ah³ AÃmlp BImi¯nsâ t\sc Xncnªp.
F¶n«v AXns\ Ggv BImi§fm¡n icns¸Sp¯n” (JpÀB³
2:29)
“FgpXs¸« ISemkp Npcp«pw t]mse BImis¯ \mw Npcp
«n¡fbp¶ Znhkw.”(JpÀB³ 21:104)
“ISemkp t]msetbm XpWnt]msetbm DÅ Hcp taÂX
«mWv BImisa¶pÅ [mcWbmWv C§s\ ]dbm³ apl½
164
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Zns\ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. aäp Nne hmIy§Ä AXp sXfnbn¡p¶p:”
“(C{]Imcw Xs¶) BImis¯ \mw kpc£nXamb Hcp
ta¯«pt]mse B¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.” (JpÀB³ 21:32)
\n§Ä¡p th­n `qansb Hcp hncn¸pw BImis¯ taÂ
¯«pam¡n. (JpÀB³ 2:21)
C§s\ JpÀB\nse BImik¦ev]s¯ Rm³ FSp¯p
ImWn¨ncp¶p. AXn\v A_vZpdlnw \ÂIp¶ hniZoIcWw
IqSnt¡Ät¡­XmWv:
“CSn\mZs¯ {]]©¯nsâ ta¡qc CSn¨p XIÀ¡p¶
i_vZambn Hcp Ihn k¦Â]n¡pt¼mÄ klrZbÀ¡Xv at\ml
cambn tXm¶p¶p. imkv{XÚ\v B `mj a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp
¶p.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpw t]Pv 54)
JpÀB³ hmbn¨p ckn¡m\pÅ Hcp IhnXtbm ]pcmWtam
BsW¶mWv A_vZpdlnw ChnsS kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. A§s\
bmsW¦n F\n¡v A`n{]mbhyXymkanÃ. ]t£, km[mcW
apÉo§Ä ]dbp¶Xv kzÀK¯n \n¶v ssZhw Cd¡ns¡mSp¯
aX{KÙamWsX¶mWv. B ho£W¯nsâ shfn¨¯nemWv
Rm³ JpÀB³ hnaÀi\w \S¯nbXv. ASnØm\ clnX§
fmb Ihn k¦ev]§fpw `mh\Ifpw CXn Ds­¶v k½Xn¨
Xn\v A_vZpdlnant\mSv \µnbp­v.
5. \_nbpsS sXäpIÄ
Fsâ ]pkvXI¯nse ‘JpÀB\pw imkv{Xhpw’ F¶ A[ymb
¯n hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶ Nne Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v A_vZpdlnw
]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv.
“CSadpIv D²cn¨p ImWn¨ Cu¨bpsS NndInse Huj[w,
kv{XobpsS C{µnbkvJe\w, ]\n, tIm«phmb, kz]v\w ]m¼v,
]mc¼cyimkv{Xw XpS§n sshZyhn[nIfpambn _Ôs¸« \_n
hN\§tf¡pdn¨v tamdokv _p¡mbnbpsS A`n{]mbw Ah
ssZhhmIy§fà \_nbpsS A`n{]mb§fmsW¶mWv. am{X
aÃ, \_n hN\§sf¶ \nebv¡pXs¶ AhbpsS {]mamWnIX
kwibmkv]ZamsW¶pw At±lw ]dbp¶p. a\pjys\¶ \ne
bv¡v Znhyt_m[hpambn _ÔanÃm¯ ]e Imcy§fpw \_n

165
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]dbpI kzm`mhnIamWtÃm. NnInÕ, Irjn XpS§n A²ymß
IXbpambn _ÔanÃm¯ Imcy§sf kw_Ôn¨pÅ \_nbpsS
{]kvXmh§Ä B C\¯n s]Sp¶p.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpw,þ
t]Pv 57)
\_n Hcp a\pjy\mbncp¶p F¶pw At±lw ]e sXäpIfpw
]dªn«ps­¶pw A_vZpdlnw k½Xn¡p¶p. C¡mcy¯nepw
At±lw Fs¶ ]n´m§p¶Xn kt´mjap­v.
6. ]Xns\m¶pImcnbpambn Zm¼Xy_Ôw
apl½Zp\_n ]Xns\m¶p hnhmlw Ign¨ncp¶p. AXn Hcp
kv{Xobv¡v (Abnibv¡v) H¼Xp hbkpam{Xta D­mbncp¶pÅq.
B s]¬Ip«n¡v ]Xns\m¶p hbkpÅt¸mÄ Ahcpambn Zm¼
Xy PohnXw Bcw`n¨p F¶pw A_vZpdlnw ]dbp¶p. (CÉmapw
CSadpIpw, t]Pv. 64)
BÀ¯h{]mbw t]mepw BIm¯ Hcp s]¬Ip«nbpambn
Zm¼Xy_Ôw ]peÀ¯m³ CÉmwaX Øm]I\p hnjaap­m
bnÃ. CXv Rm³ Fsâ ]pkvXI¯n FSp¯p ]dªncp¶p.
AXpw A_vZpdlnw k½Xn¨p. ]t£, Hcp \ymboIcWw At±
l¯n\p­v. AXnXmWv:
“temIs¯ ]pXnsbmcp [mÀ½nIhyhØbnte¡p \bn¨p
sIm­ncp¶ Hcp almt\Xmhn\v _p²niànbpw sNdp¸¯nsâ
IÀ½tijnbpapÅ Hcp kl[À½nWnsb¸änbpÅ Nn´ {]k
àw Xs¶bmWv.”
]Xns\m¶p hbkpÅ Ip«nbpsS _p²niànbpw IÀ½ti
jnbpw A]mcamsW¶p ]dbphm³ Akmam\y N¦qäw Xs¶
thWw.
7. ]p{X`mcybpw apl½Zpw
AXpt]mseXs¶ \_n hfÀ¯p]p{X\mb sskZnsâ `mcybm
bncp¶ ssk\_sb hnhmlw Ign¨p. ]p{X`mcysb hnhmlw
Ign¡pI F¶Xv ]cnjvIrX a\pjy\v Nn´n¡m³t]mepw {]bm
kamWv. ]t£, apl½Zv ]p{X`mcysb hnhmlw sNbvXp F¶p
ÅXpw A_vZpdlnw k½Xn¡p¶p. (CÉmapw CSadpIpw þ t]Pv
66)

166
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AXn\pap­v Hcp \ymboIcWw. AXnXmWv:- “Z¯p ]p{Xs\
¶ ]Zhn CÉmw \nba¯nsâ km[pX\ÂIp¶nÃ. AXpsIm­p
Xs¶ sskZnsâ `mcy \_n¡p hne¡s¸«hfpaÃ.” (CÉmapw,
CSadpIpwþ67)
kz´w sXäpIÄ¡v \ymboIcWw tXSm³ a\pjy³ F¶pw
{ian¡mdp­v. Hcmsf Z¯p]p{X\mbn kzoIcn¡pt¼mÄ Z¯n\p
hnebp­v. AbmfpsS `mcysb kz´am¡Wsa¶p hnNmcn¨
t¸mÄ Z¯n\v hnebnsöp ]dbp¶p! kz´w Bhiy¯n\p
th­n apl½Zv C§s\ ]e \nba§fpw D­m¡nbn«p­v.
8. kv{XoIÄ c­mw Xcw ]uc·mÀ
‘JpÀB³: Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ F¶ {KÙ¯nsâ ]Xns\m¶mw
A[ymb¯n CÉmaXw F§s\ kv{XoIsf XcwXmgv¯nsb¶v
Rm³ hnhcn¨n«p­v. kv{Xo¡pw ]pcpj\pw XpeyØm\w \ÂtI
­Xn\p ]Icw Ahsc c­mw Xc¡mcm¡n F¶mWv Fsâ
Bt£]w. AXn\v A_vZpdlnw ]dbp¶ adp]Sn C§s\bmWv:
“IpSpw__Ô§fn CÉmw kv{Xotb¡mÄ ]pcpj\v Øm
\w \ÂInbn«p­v F¶Xv t\cpXs¶. CÉmansâ I®n IpSpw
_ \mY³ ]pcpj\mWv. kv{XobÃ.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpwþ t]Pv
77)
CXpw CÉmw Hcp {]mIrXaXamsW¶p sXfnbn¡p¶p. kv{Xo
¡pw ]pcpj\pw IpSpw_¯n XpeyØm\amWv D­mbncnt¡
­Xv. A_vZpdlnw henb Imcy¯n Ft¶mSv Hcp tNmZyw
tNmZn¡p¶p:
“CSadpInsâ IpSpw_¯n BÀ¡mWv \mbIØm\w? At±
l¯nt\m AtXm...”
Cu tNmZy¯n\v Rm³ A`nam\]qÀhw D¯cw ]dbm³ B{K
ln¡p¶p. Fsâ ho«n Rm\pw Fsâ kl[À½nWnbpw Xpey
cmWv. R§Ä ]ckv]cw Imcy§Ä NÀ¨sNbvXp {]hÀ¯n
¡p¶p. `À¯mhv, IpSpw_¯eh\msW¶p ]dbp¶Xv Hcp ]gb
k¦ev]amWv.
9. ASna¯w
“CÉmw aX¯n\pap¼pw Atd_ybn ASna¯w D­mbncp¶p.
167
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
lo\amb B k{¼Zmbs¯ amäm³ apl½Zv {ian¨nsöp am
{Xaà AXns\ AwKoIcn¡pIbpw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN
bvXp. apÉo§fpambn \S¶ bp²¯n XShpImcmbn ]nSn¨
kv{XoItfbpw Ip«nIsfbpw apl½Zp Xs¶ ASnaIfm¡nb kw`
h§fpap­v.”
‘JpÀB³:Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n ‘JpÀ
B\pw ASna¯hpw’ F¶ A²ymb¯n Rms\gpXnbncp¶
XmWv taÂs¡mSp¯ hmIy§Ä. AXn\p A_vZpdlnw \Â
Ip¶ D¯canXmWv:
“kmlNcy¯nsâ ]gpXpIÄ D]tbmKn¨v sXäpIÄ¡v \ym
boIcWw Is­¯p¶ kz`mhw F¡me¯pw GXp P\hn`m
K¯nepap­v. apÉo§fpw AXn \ns¶mgnhÃ. ASna¯¯nsâ
Imcy¯nepw A¯cw h³ ]m]§Ä AhÀ sNbvXp F¶Xn\v
\nch[n DZmlcW§fp­v.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpwþ t]Pv 101)
CÉmansâ Cu Ipähpw Gäp]dbm³ A_vZpdlnan\p tXm¶n
bXv At±l¯nsâ hnimea\kv¡X sIm­msW¶v Rm³
IcpXp¶p.
10. {Iqcamb in£m k{¼Zmb§Ä
CÉmaXw, aXhntcm[nItfmSpw aXw XyPn¡p¶htcmSpw At§
bäpw {Iqcambn«mWv s]cpamdnbncp¶Xv. tamjvSn¡p¶hcpsS
ssIapdn¨p IfbpI, hy`nNcn¡p¶ kv{Xo]pcpj·msc \qdSn
hoXw ASn¡pI, AhÀ Ipäw Gäp ]dªm Fdnªp sImÃpI
XpS§nb in£m k{¼Zmb§fmWv hn[n¨ncp¶Xv. CtX¸än
‘JpÀB³:Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\’¯nsâ H³]Xmw A[ymb¯nÂ
hnhcn¡p¶p­v. AXns\bpw A_vZpdlnw \ntj[n¡p¶nÃ.
At±l¯nsâ \ymboIcWamIs«, Fsâ A`n{]mbs¯ km[q
Icn¡p¶XpamWv:
“aX¯n \n¶p ]pd¯p t]mbXnsâ t]cn \S¶Xmbn
]n¡me¯p hymJym\n¡s¸« sImeIfpsS ]n¶n {]hÀ
¯n¨Xv cmjv{Sob Imcy§fmWv. Iq«¯n \n¶p adphit¯
bv¡p Imep amdp¶ hÀKh©Isc sImÃpItbm in£n¡pItbm
sN¿pI F¶Xv B[p\nI cmjv{S§fpw, IayqWnkw XpS§nb

168
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
B[p\nI {]Xybimkv{X§fpw ssIs¡mÅp¶ \S]Snbm
WtÃm. apl½Zv Hcp cmjv{S¯eh³ IqSnbmbncp¶p F¶ Imcyw
HmÀ½nt¡­Xp­v. Hcp cmjv{S\mbI³ kz´w kaql¯nsâ
`{ZXsb A]ISs¸Sp¯p¶ hÀKh©Iscbpw Nmc·mscbpw
hIhcp¯p¶Xn\v XoÀ¨bmbpw, cmjv{Sobamb \ymboIcW§
fp­v. C¯cw `ojWn apÉo§Ä DbÀ¯nbt¸mÄ AhÀs¡Xn
cmbpw CÉmanse H¶mw Jeo^bmb A_qt_¡À bp²w sN¿p
Ibp­mbn.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpwþt]Pv 105)
Hcp cmjv{S¯eh³ F¶ \nebnemWv apl½Zv C¯cw
in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä \S¸m¡nbXv F¶v A_vZpdlnw ]dbp
¶Xv icnbmWv. Ggmw iXI¯nse Hcp tKm{XhÀK cmPmhnsâ
kwkv¡mc ]mc¼cyhpw AXn \ngen¡p¶p. B \nba§sf
]cnjvIrX temI¯n IqSn \S¸m¡Wsa¶p hmZn¡p¶Xn
t\mSmWv R§Ä¡v FXnÀ¸v. ‘icn A¯pw a\pjymhImi§
fpw’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n Rm³ CtX¸än IqSpX hnhcn¨n
«p­v. AXnhnsS BhÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ.
11. AÔhnizmk§Ä
CÉmw aX¯n \ne\n¡p¶ ]e AÔhnizmk§sfbpw
Fsâ ]pkvXI¯n Rm³ FSp¯p ImWn¡p¶p. A_vZp dlnw
AXns\bpw \ntj[n¡p¶nÃ. At±l¯nsâ k½Xsamgn
tIÄ¡pI:
“A[:]X\¯nsâ atäXp aÞe§fnepsa¶Xpt]mse
hnizmk]camb AÔXbnepw B[p\nI apÉo§Ä BcpsSbpw
]n¶neÃ. shfn¨¯nsâ hmlIcpw {]NmcIcpsa¶ _lpaXn
¡v AÀlcmbncp¶ apÉowkapZmbw Xncn¨dnbm\mhm¯hn[w
Ccp«nsâ ASnaIfmbn Xcw Xmgv¶ncn¡pIbmWv. Hcp Ime¯v
AÔhnizmk§Äs¡Xncn ]Shmtf´nb Ic§Ä AÔhn
izmk§Ä¡p th­n ]Ss]mcpXns¡m­ncn¡p¶p.” (CÉmapw
CS adpIpw þ t]Pv 121, 122)
At±lw XpScp¶p:
“temI apÉo§fn s]mXpthbpw C³Uy³ apÉo§fnÂ
hntijn¨pw þ `mcX¯nsâ {]tXyI ]cnXØnXnbmWnXn\p
ImcWw þ \nch[n AÔhnizmk§Ä {]Ncn¨pIgnªncn
169
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¡p¶p. Cu ZpxJkXy¯nsâ t\scbmWv bpànhmZnIÄ hncÂ
Nq­p¶sX¦n eÖm]qÀÆw XeIp\n¡pItb \nÀhmlapÅq.
(CÉmapw CSadpIpw þ t]Pv, 122þ123)
“CSadpIv Nq­n¡mWn¨Xpt]mse B[p\nI apÉo§fnÂ
hym]Iambn {]Ncn¨p Ignª A\mNmcamWv J_À]qP” (CÉm
apw CSadpIpw þ t]Pv 127)
12. apXv A IeymWw
“\nÝnX Imet¯bv¡pÅ tIm¬{SmIvSv hnhmls¯bmWv aqT
(apXv A) IeymWw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. CÉmw CXv A\phZ\o
bambn Iev]n¨Xns\ CSadpIv ]cnlkn¡p¶p. C¶s¯ ]cnX
ØnXnbpw aqeyt_m[hpw sh¨p Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ CXv ]cnlmky
ambn tXm¶pI kzm`mhnIamWv.” (CÉmapw CSadpIpw þ t]Pv
130)
13. AÀ°iq\yamb \_nhN\§Ä
“arK§Ä kwkmcn¨p, tcmKw ]m]¯nsâ ^eamWv, XpS§nb
\_nhN\§fpsS {]mamWnIX tNmZyw sN¿mhp¶hbmWv.
Ah A\pbmbnItfmSp kwkmcn¨t¸mÄ Imcyw \¶mbn {Kln
¸n¡p¶Xn\pth­n Hcp BNmcy³ D]tbmKn¨ Be¦mcnI
{]tbmK§fmWv F¶pw hcmw.”(CÉmapw CSadpIpw þ t]Pvþ131)
C§s\ Fsâ ]pkvXI¯nse {][m\ hnaÀi\§sfsb
Ãmw Xs¶ ‘CÉmapw CSadpIpw’ F¶ {KÙ¯n kn.Sn. A_vZp
dlnw AwKoIcn¡p¶p. CÉmw aX¯nsâ N«¡q«n hfÀ¶Xp
sIm­v B aXt¯mSv kzm`mhnIambpw At±l¯n\v Ipsdtbsd
Iqdp­v. AÔhnizmk¯n \n¶p hnapàamb Hcp CÉmwaX
amWv At±l¯nsâ `mh\bnepÅsX¶p tXm¶p¶p. AÔhn
izmk§Ä CÃmXm¡nbm Hcp aXhpw tijn¡pIbnsö
bmYmÀ°yw At±l¯n\v `mhnbn a\Ênem¡m³ Ignsª
¶phcmw.

170
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw

apÉow kapZmb¯n s]« Hcp D]hn`mKamWv Al½Zn¿mIÄ
AYhm JmZnbm\nIÄ F¶dnbs¸Sp¶Xv. ]©m_nse JmZn
bm³ F¶ Øe¯v 1839þÂ P\n¨ anÀkmKpemw Al½Zv F¶
bmÄ Øm]n¨XmWv Cu aXw. apl½ZmWv Ahkm\s¯ {]hm
NI³ F¶ CÉmwaX hnizmkw anÀkmKpemw Al½Zv AwKo
Icn¡p¶nÃ. akolnsâ (ainlm) AhXmcamWp Xms\¶v
At±lw {]Jym]n¨p. tbip{InkvXphnsâ IÃd Imivaocneps­
¶p {]Jym]n¨Xpw Ct±lamWv. Al½Zn¿m hn`mK¡mÀ apÉo
§fmsW¶v AhÀ AhImis¸Sp¶ps­¦nepw aäp apÉo§Ä
Ahsc B hn[¯n AwKoIcn¡p¶nÃ. ]mInØm\n Cu
aXw \ntcm[n¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv. kDZn Atd_y³ Kh¬saâ v
lÖv XoÀ°mS\¯n\v Chsc A\phZn¡p¶panÃ.
tIcf¯n Al½Zn¿m hn`mK¯n s]« Ipsd BfpI
fp­v. I®qcn \n¶p {]kn²oIcn¡p¶ ‘kXyZqX³’ AhcpsS
apJ ]{XamWv. AXn C. XmlnÀ FgpXnbncp¶ teJ\§fpsS
kamlmcamWv ‘CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw.’ {]kvXpX {KÙ
¯nsâ Bcw`¯n {KÙIÀ¯mhmb XmlnÀ FgpXnbn«pÅ
{]kvXmh\bn \n¶v Hcp`mKw IqSn ChnsS D²cn¨psImÅp¶p:
“ChnsS {]iv\w krjvSn¨Xv {io CSadpImsW¶p IcpXm³
h¿. CSadpIns\ {]XnIq«n \ndp¯m³ Dt±in¡p¶panÃ.
]t£, H¶p­v. ‘Jpdm³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ F¶ CSadpInsâ
]pkvXIw H«[nIw t]sc sXän²cn¸n¨Xv Hcp hkvXpXbmWv.
A\ntj[yamb B hkvXpX AwKoIcn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w CSadp
In\v C§s\sbmcp hnaÀi\ kmlkw \S¯m³ Bbp[§Ä
\ÂInbhsc IqSn hnebncpt¯­Xp­v. CÉmansâ bYmÀ°

171
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
apJw shfns¸Sp¯p¶ bXv\¯n ]cmPbaSª, Hcp ]äw
Aià·mcpsS A]mIXIÄ AhnsS apg¨p\n¡p¶Xmbn
ImWmw. AhcpsS kw`mh\bmbn e`n¨ Ip´ap\IfmWv CSadp
Insâ Icp¯n\p t{]cIambn {]tbmP\s¸«Xv. AXpsIm­p
Xs¶ bYmÀ° CÉmansâ kuµcyhpw CSadpIp hnaÀin¨
CÉmansâ sshcq]yhpw {[ph§fpsS AIe¯n Is­¯mw.”
(CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw þ {]kvXmh\, t]Pv. 6)
Al½Zn¿m apÉo§fpw aäp apÉo§fpw X½nepÅ A`n{]mb
hyXymkamWv ChnsS apg¨pImWp¶Xv. Fsâ hnaÀi\w GÂ
¡m³ ImcWw, CÉmansâ bYmÀ° apJw shfns¸Sp¯p¶
bXv\¯n ]cmPbaSª CXc apÉow kapZmb§fmsW¶m
Wv XmlnÀ ]dbp¶Xv. Rm³ hnaÀin¨Xv bYmÀ° CÉmans\
AsömWv Xmlndnsâ hmZw. AXpsIm­v At±l¯nsâ
]pkvXI¯n bYmÀ° CÉmw F´msW¶p shfns¸Sp¯n
bn«pt­m F¶v Rm³ {]tXyIw ]cntim[n¡pIbp­mbn. ]
t£, HcnS¯pw aäpÅhÀ ]dªXn \n¶p hyXykvXamb
Hcp CÉmwaXs¯ At±lw FSp¯p ImWn¡p¶nÃ.
\qdp al¯p¡Ä
apl½Zp\_n alm\msW¶pw JpÀB³ t{ijvSamb aX {KÙ
amsW¶pw sXfnbn¡phm³ Iptdtbsd BfpIfpsS D²cWnIÄ
lmPcm¡pIbmWv H¶mw A[ymb¯n XmlnÀ sNbvX ncn
¡p¶Xv. temI¯nse Hcp {][m\s¸« aX¯nsâbpw, cmjv{S¯n
tâbpw Øm]I\mWv apl½Zv. B \nebn henb hnaÀi\
sam¶pw IqSmsX ]ecpw apl½Zns\]än \Ã hm¡p ]dbpI
kzm`mhnIamWv. ]t£, \njv]£ Ncn{XImc·mÀ apl½Zns\
¸än hfsc tamiambpw ]dªn«ps­¶p IqSn HmÀt¡­XmWv.
XmlnÀ D²cn¨n«pÅ A`n{]mb§fn Xs¶ NneXp ]cn
tim[n¨p t\m¡mw.
“Atacn¡³ _lncmImi k©mcnbpw Ncn{XImc\pw KWn
Ximkv{XÚ\pamb ssa¡Â F¨v lÀ«v ‘Zn t{KäÌv l¬{UUv
C³ lnÌdn’ F¶ {KÙ¯n BZansâ Imew sXm«v C¶ph
scbpÅ kv{Xo]pcpj·msc ]cntim[n¨p. temINcn{X¯nÂ

172
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Gähpa[nIw kzm[o\iànbpÅ \qdpt]sc XncsªSp¯p.
apl½Zp\_nsb Cu \qdpt]cn The topmost (Gähpw D¶X³)
Bbn Is­¯n. ssa¡Â kz´w aX¯nse ssZh]p{X\mb
tbiphn\p aq¶mw Øm\ta \ÂInbpÅq.”
Cu hnhcw XmlnÀ D²cn¡p¶Xv Al½±oZ¯v FgpXnb
‘A JpÀB³’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n \n¶msW¶v At±lw
^pSvt\m«n sImSp¯n«p­v. ssa¡Â F¶ _lncmImik©m
cnsb Hcp Ncn{XImc\mbn Rm³ tI«n«nÃ. ]t£, At±lw
hnhcapÅ Ncn{XImc\söv ‘BZw apX Ct¶hscbpÅ
hsc’ ]cntim[n¨p F¶p ]dbp¶Xn \n¶pXs¶ hyàamWv.
ss__nfnepw JpÀB\nepw hnhcn¡p¶ BZw Hcp sI«pIYbn
se \mbI\mWv. hnhcapÅ Hcp Ncn{XImc³t]mepw BZs¯
Ncn{X]pcpj\mbn hnhcn¡pIbnÃ. BÀt\mÄUv tSmb³_n,
hnÂUpdâ v, F¨v.Pn.shÂkv XpS§nb temINcn{XImc·mcnÂ
Hcp¯cpw BZys¯ a\pjy\mbn BZs¯ Nn{XoIcn¨n«nÃ.
C§s\ Hcmsf Ncn{X]pcpj\mbn I­ ssa¡ens\ Ncn{XIm
c\mbn ImWm³ \nhr¯nbnÃ.
XmlnÀ D²cn¡p¶ asämcp km£yw tXmakv ImÀsseen
tâXmWv. AXv C§s\bmWv:
“apl½Zv PmehnZy¡mc\mtWm, IÅhmZnbmtWm? Hcn¡
epaÃ. Adnhn\m Pzen¡p¶ B lrZbw Nn´bpsS Aánine
Ifn Xnfbv¡p¶ Nqft]msebmWv. B lrZbw F§s\ h©
\bptSXmIpw?”
CXnsâ d^d³kv XmlnÀ sImSp¯n«nÃ. F¦nepw tXmakv
ImÀsseensâ an¡ IrXnIfpw hmbn¨n«pÅ F\n¡v AXnsâ
aqew a\Ênem¡m³ {]bmkap­mbnÃ. ‘On Heroes and Hero
Worship’ (hoc·mscbpw hocmcm[\tbbpw ]än) F¶ ]pkvXI
¯nemWv At±lw apl½Zns\]än ]dªn«pÅXv. 1840 sabv
8þmw XobXn At±lw CÉmw aXt¯bpw apl½Znt\bpw ]än
sNbvX Hcp {]kwKw AXn sImSp¯n«p­v. At±lw JpÀ
Bs\¸än AXn ]dªncn¡p¶XpIqSn XmlnÀ ImtW­Xm
bncp¶p. B `mKw Rm³ ChnsS D²cn¡mw:

173
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“Fsâ hmb\bn Gähpw _p²nap«v A\p`hs¸«Xv AXp
hmbn¨t¸mÄ (JpÀB³ hmbn¨t¸mÄ) BsW¶v Xpd¶p ]d
tb­nbncn¡p¶p. £oWn¸n¡p¶Xpw {Iahpw apdbpanÃm¯
Xpamb Hcp an{inXw; {]mIrXhpw hyhØbnÃm¯Xpw Ahkm
\anÃm¯ BhÀ¯\§fpw hf¨psI«epIfpw \ndªXpamb
Hcp AkwkvIrXhkvXp; Gähpw {]IrXamb AhyhØ. Npcp
¡¯n Hcn¡epw ]n´m§m\mhm¯ aSb¯cw !...”(Thomas
Carlyle, On Heroes and Hero Worship, London, pp 79-80)
ImÀsse JpÀBs\]än C{X am{Xaà ]dªn«pÅXv.
CXnt\¡mÄ \ninXambn«mWp At±lw hnaÀi\w XpScp¶Xv.
XmlnÀ AXp hmbn¨ncp¶psh¦n Hcn¡epw apl½Zns\
¸äntbm JpÀBs\]äntbm \ÃXp ]dª Hcmfmbn ImÀsse
ens\ ImWpambncp¶nÃ.
hn{Kl[zwk\w
sPbnwkv F anIvs\À FgpXnb teJ\¯nsâ ]cn`mj XmlnÀ
Xsâ ]pkvXI¯n sImSp¯ncn¡p¶p. AXn \n¶pw Hcp
hmNIw D²cn¡s«:
“hn{Kl[zwk\¯neqsS GI ssZhmcm[\bn A[njvTn
Xamb Hcp aXw At±lw {]Ncn¸n¨p.” (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ C
Émw þ t]Pv 20)
Rm³ hn{Kl§sf Bcm[n¡mdnÃ. ]t£, BÀs¡¦nepw
hn{Kl§sf Bcm[n¡Wsa¶p tXm¶ps¶¦n AhÀ A§
s\ sN¿s« Ft¶ F\n¡p IcpXm³ Ignbq. GXp ]cnjvIrX
a\pjy\pw aäpÅhcpsS hnizmk kzmX{´ys¯ tNmZyw sN¿p
IbnÃ. ChnsS apl½Zv ‘hn{Kl[zwk\¯neqsS... aXw Øm
]n¨p’ F¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. CÉmw aX¯nsâ Ncn{Xw CXp
icnshbv¡p¶p. Atd_ybnepw _m_ntemWnepw am{Xaà C³
Uybnepw apÉow B{IaWImcnIÄ \nch[n hn{Kl§Ä XÃn
¯IÀ¯p. CXp icnbmb \S]SnbmtWm? hn{Klmcm[\ sXäm
sW¶v Ahsc ]dªp a\Ênem¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xn sXänÃ.
]t£, AhcpsS hn{Kl§Ä XIÀ¯Xv {IqcXbtÃ?

174
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Ad_n `mj ]Tn¡msX hnaÀin¡m³
km[yaÃs{X!
Xmlndnâ asämcp hmZKXnbpw ckIcamWv: At±lw ]dbp¶p:
“hnip² JpÀBsâ aqe`mjsb Ad_n ]Tn¨m am{Xta
JpÀBs\ B[nImcnIambn hnaÀin¡m³ km[yamhq.” (CSa
dpIv hnaÀin¨ CÉmw t]Pv 93)
Ad_n `mj Adnbm¯XpsIm­v F\n¡v JpÀBs\ hnaÀin
¡m³ AhImiansömWtÃm CXn\À°w. asämcp AtbmKyX
IqSn XmlnÀ F\n¡p ImWp¶p. Rm³ Hcp tPÀWenÌv BsW
¶pÅXmWv AXv. At±lw ]dbp¶p: "tPÀWenkw t]mepÅ
D]cn]vfhamb sshImcnI kao]\¯neqsS hnencp¯mhp¶
IrXnbà JpÀB³.
“ARvP\sa´msW¶v F\n¡dnbmw, aªfpt]mse shfp
¯ncn¡pw” F¶À°w hcp¶ Hcp sNmÃp­v aebmf¯nÂ. A
RvP\tam aªtfm F´msW¶dnbm¯ HcmfÃmsX A§s\
]dbpIbnÃtÃm. tPÀWenkw F´msW¶v Xmlndn\v Adn
bnsöv At±l¯nsâ B {]kvXmh\ sXfnbn¡p¶p. GsX
¦nepw km[mcW ]{X¯nsâ {]mtZinI teJIs\ ap¶nÂ
I­psIm­mhWw At±lw C§s\ h[nsbgpXnbXv. tPÀW
enÌpIÄ D]cn¹hambn am{Xw Imcy§sf a\Ênem¡p¶hcm
Wpt]mepw! AtX kabw dotUgvkv ssUPÌv F¶ amknIbpsS
]{Xm[n]kanXn {]kn²oIcn¨ ‘sZ tN©vUv HuhÀ thÄUv’
F¶ ]pkvXIs¯ B[nImcnIambn At±lw D²cn¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶p! B tPÀWenÌpIÄ apl½Zv alm\msW¶p ]dªn
«p­s{X (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmwþ t]Pv 17). D]cn¹hambn
Nn´n¡p¶ B tPÀWenÌpIfpsS A`n{]mbw XmlnÀ ]ns¶
F´n\mWmthm D²cn¨Xv!
C¯cw sshcp²yw Ad_n `mj ]Tn¡m¯hÀ JpÀB³
hnaÀi\w \S¯nbm icnbmhpIbnsöp ]dbp¶nS¯pap­v.
Cw¥ojv, aebmfw, lnµn, DÀZp XpS§nb `mjIfn JpÀB³
hnhÀ¯\§Ä kpe`amWv. AXn ]eXpw Rm³ ]cntim[n
¨n«p­v. Ahbv¡p X½n AÀ°¯n Imcyamb hyXymkw

175
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Rm³ I­nÃ. Al½Zn¿m¡mc\mb k^dpÅm Jmsâ Cw¥ojv
JpÀB\pw Fsâ ssI¿nep­v. JpÀB\nse IhnXmamlmßyw
BkzZn¡pIbmbncp¶nà Fsâ e£yw. AXnsâ Bibw
{Kln¨v, AXv a\pjy kapZmb¯nsâ ]ptcmKXn¡p klmbIc
amtWm F¶mWv Rm³ t\m¡nbXv. ]cn`mj hmbn¨mepw Imcyw
a\knemIpsa¶pÅXn\pÅ sXfnhpw XmlnÀ Xs¶ lmPcm¡p
¶p­v. At±lw ]dbp¶p:
“{]kn² {^©p ]ÞnX\mb tUmIvSÀ tamdnkv _pJmbn
BZyw JpÀB³ ]cn`mj hmbn¨n«mWv CXnse Aam\pjnIX
Is­¯nbXpw hnJymXn t\Snb At±l¯nsâ ‘ss__nÄ,
JpÀB³, imkv{Xw’ F¶ ]pkvXIsagpXnbXpw.
AXpt]mseXs¶ ]nIv¯mfnsâ Cw¥ojv XÀÖasb¸änbpw
At±lw kvXpXn¡p¶p. Cw¥ojpw lnµnbpw DÀZphpw aebmf
hpsam¶pw hmbn¨m a\ÊnemIm¯hcmWv R§sf¶v Xm
lnÀ [cns¨¦n AXp IjvSambnt¸mbn.
apl½Znsâ IpSpw_PohnXw
apl½Zv ]Xns\m¶p hnhmlw Ign¡pIbpw \mep sh¸m«nIsf
]mÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p F¶v At±l¯nsâ PohNcn{X
Imc·mcn ]ecpw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p­v. F¶m sh¸m«nI
fpambn hnhmlw sN¿msX apl½Zp\_n ssewKnI_Ôw
]peÀ ¯nbncp¶p F¶ CSadpInsâ Bt£]w ]S¨p­m¡nb
Zpcmtcm]Ww am{XamWv F¶v XmlnÀ ]dbp¶p. F¶m CÉm
anI Ncn{X \nÀ½mW kanXn {]kn²oIcn¨ ‘XmcnJp CÉmw’
F¶ {KÙ¯n ]dªncn¡p¶Xv t\m¡pI:
“Xncpta\n hnhmlw Ign¨ ]{´­p `mcyamcn I\yI
BCuim_o am{Xambncp¶p.... Xncpta\n¡p \mep kcnbm `mcy
amÀ (kzX{´IfÃm¯ `mcyamÀ) D­mbncp¶psh¶p ]dbs¸«n
cn¡p¶p. amcnb XpÂJn_Xn¿, ssdlm\, kpsseJm, Xncpta\n
bpsS `mcyamcpsS Iq«¯n t]À ]dbs¸« Plvinsâ aIÄ
ssk\_ F¶n{]ImcamWv AhcpsS t]À ]dbs¸ «n«pÅXv...
Xncpta\nbpambn hnhml_Ôw am{Xw D­mhpItbm hnhml_
Ô¯nsâ kmlNcyw D­mhpItbm sNbvX ]s¯m³]Xp

176
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
alXnIfpsS t]cpIÄ FSp¯p ]dbs¸«n«p­v.” (XmcnJpÂ
CÉmw XriqÀ, 1970, t]Pv 70þ71)
Bbni Fs¶mcp sIm¨p s]¬Ip«nsb apl½Zv IeymWw
Ign¨tÃm. B hnhmls¯¸än AhÀXs¶ ]dª Hcp lZokv
_pJmcn tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p­v. AXn§s\bmWv:-
“F\n¡v Bdp hbÊpÅt¸mgmWv Xncpta\n Fs¶ hnhmlw
sNbvXXv. ]n¶oSv R§Ä aZo\bntebv¡p h¶p... Ahkm\w
B kv{XoIÄ Fs¶ Xncpta\n¡v Gev]n¨psImSp¯p. A¶v
F\n¡v H³]Xphbkmbncp¶p {]mbw.” (klolp _pJmcn
1547)
F¶m XmlnÀ ]dbp¶Xv Bbnisb hnhmlw sN¿p
t¼mÄ AhÀ¡v ]Xnaqt¶m ]Xn¶mtem hbkv {]mbambncp
s¶¶mWv. (CSadpIv haÀin¨ CÉmw, t]Pv 37). H³]Xp hb
kn Hcp s]¬Ip«nbpambn Zm¼Xy_Ôw Bcw`n¨ hyàntb
¸än Xmlndn\pw hnjaw tXm¶n¡mWpw. AXpsIm­mWv At±
lw hbkp amänbXv. F¶n«pw At±l¯nsâ hnjaw amdp¶nÃ.
AXpsIm­v Hcp \ymboIcWhpw IqSn ]dbp¶p: “Bbnisb
\_n hnhmlw sN¿m\pt±in¨Xv ssewKnI kpJ¯n\p th­n
bmbncp¶nÔ (t]Pv 37) ]t£, CXns\ms¡ F´mWmthm
sXfnhv? t\scadn¨v apl½Zv\_nbpsS ssewKnI tijnsb
DuXn hoÀ¸n¨v lZokn ]dbp¶p­v, “ap¸Xpt]cpsS iàn
Xncpta\n¡v AÃmlp \ÂInbn«ps­¶v” A\kv ]dªXmbn
_pJmcn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶p. (klolpÂ_pJmcn 187) Bbni
Xs¶ ssewKnIamb \nch[n Imcy§tf¸än ]n¡me¯p ]d
bp¶pap­v. H³]Xmas¯ hbkn hnhmlnXbpw ]Xns\«ma
s¯ hbkn hn[hbpambn¯oÀ¶ Bbnimbv¡v ]p\À hnhm
lw \ntj[n¨Xv F{X henb {IqcXbmbnt¸msb¶v a\pjy
lrZbapÅhÀ¡v a\ÊnemIpw. \_nbpsS acWt¯mSp IqSn
AhcpsS ssewKnI {KÙnIÄ¡v {]hÀ¯\tijn CÃmXmsb
¶pIqSn XmlnÀ ]dbpambncn¡mw.
Z¯p]p{Xsâ `mcysb apl½Zv kz´am¡nbXnt\bpw XmlnÀ
\ymboIcn¡p¶p­v. AXv “hn¹hmßIamb Hcp [ocIrXyambn
cp¶p” (t]Pv 38) F¶mWv At±lw ]dbp¶Xv. “\_n, sskZv
177
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Xsâ kz´w aI\msW¶v {]Jym]n¨p. ]n¶oSv sskZv {]hmNI
]p{X\mbn KWn¡s¸«p” (t]Pv 39) F¶pw XmlnÀ ]dbp¶p.
C§s\bpÅ Hcp Z¯p]p{Xsâ `mcysb kz´am¡m³ \ymbw
I­p]nSn¨ tKm{X¯eh³ Ggmw \qäm­nemWv Pohn¨ncp¶
sX¶v \ap¡v kam[m\n¡mw. F¶m AXn ‘hn¹hw’ ImWp
¶bmÄ Ccp]Xmw iXI¯n Pohn¡p¶ HcmfmWtÃm F¶
XmWv AZv`pXw.
apl½Znsâ Hmtcm IeymW¯nsâ ]n¶nepw cmjv{Sobhpw
X{´]chpamb Imcy§Ä Ds­¶p Øm]n¡m³ XmlnÀ hfsc
t]PpIÄ hn\ntbmKn¨n«p­v. A¯cw Imcy§fpw ImWpIbn
söv Rm³ ]dªn«nÃ.
ASna¯hpw apl½Zpw
“CÉmwaX¯n\p ap¼pw Atd_ybn ASnaIfp­mbncp¶p.
lo\amb B k{¼Zmbs¯ amäm³ apl½Zv {inan¨nsöp am{X
aÃ, AXns\ AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. apÉo§fpambn \S¶
bp²¯n XShpImcmbn ]nSn¨ kv{XoIsfbpw Ip«nIsfbpw
apl½ZpXs¶ ASnaIfm¡nb kw`h§fpap­v ” F¶v ‘JpÀB
\pw ASna¯hpw’ F¶ A²ymb¯n Rm³ FgpXnbncp¶tÃm,
AXn\v XmlnÀ \ÂIp¶ adp]Sn tI«mepw !
“ASna k{¼Zmbw B Imes¯ DbÀ¶ kapZmb¯nsâ
\ne\nÂ]n\v AXy´mt]£nXambncp¶p. PohnX¯nsâ `mK
ambn¡gnª ASna¯Øm]\w Hcp Blzm\¯neqsS thc
dp¯p Ifbm³ BhpIbnsöv Dd¸pÅXpsIm­v ASna¯¯n
s\Xnsc Xncp\_n DZvt_m[\§Ä \S¯pIbmWp­mbXv.
càcqjnX hn¹h¯neqsS ASna¨§esb XIÀ¡pbmWv
Xncp\_n sNbvXsX¦n temI¯p tNmc¸pgIsfmgpIpambn
cp¶p.” (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw. t]Pv. 69)
AÃmlp {]tXyIw kzÀK¯n \n¶b¨ {]hmNI³ tNmc
¸pgsb `b¶v ASna¯k{¼Zmbw amdm³ H¶pw sNbvXnÃ!
AXpsIm­v {]hmNIsâ A\´cKmanIÄ ASna¡¨hS¯nsâ
I¦mWnamcmbn amdn!

178
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ape¸mensâ alXzhpw 6 amks¯ KÀ`Imehpw
“amXm¡Ä AhcpsS Ip«nIÄ¡v c­psImÃw ape sImSpt¡­
XmWv” F¶v JpÀB\n (2:34) ]dªn«p­v. AXp I­t¸mÄ
Xmlndn\v Xsâ aX{KÙs¯ \ymboIcn¡m³ Hcp ssht¡mÂ
Xpcp¼pIn«n. ape¸mensâ alXzs¯¸än tUmIvSÀamÀ ]d
ªn«pÅ kÀ«n^n¡äpIÄ \nc¯pIbmWp ]ns¶. t__n
^pUpIÄs¡Xncmb Iptd Imcy§fpw At±lw FgpXp¶p. Ip«n
IÄ¡v c­psImÃw ape sImSp¡Wsa¶p ]dªn«pÅXÃmsX
t__n^pUv sImSp¡cpsX¶v JpÀB\n HcnS¯pw Rm³
I­nÃ. 20þmw iXI¯n t__n^pUpIÄ D­mIpsa¶pw
AXp Ign¡cpsX¶pw JpÀB\n ]dªncps¶¦n AsXmcp
Imcyambncp¶p. ssZh¯n\pw At±l¯nsâ {]hmNI\pw
AXdnbmambncp¶nÃ!
“c­p hÀjw ap¼phsc apesImSp¡phm³ _m[yØbmb
amXmhv asämcp k´m\w AXn\nSbn D­mhp¶ Imcy¯nÂ
{i² ]Xn¸n¡Wsa¶mWnXn\À°w” F¶pw XmlnÀ XpSÀ¶p
]dbp¶p. F{X BtemNn¨n«pw Cu kq{Xw F\n¡p a\Ênem
bnÃ. asämcp k´m\w c­p hÀj¯n\nSbn D­mIp¶XnÂ
{i²]Xn¸n¡Wsa¶p (t]Pv. 91) sh¨m A¡me¯n\nSbv¡v
AhÀ ho­pw KÀ`nWnbmhpIbpw {]khn¡pIbpw thWw. A
t¸mÄ BZys¯ Ip«nbpsS apeIpSn¡v XSkap­mhpIbntÃ?
AtXm {]khw Ignª aq¯ Ip«n¡pw Cfb Ip«n¡pw IqSn
ape sImSp¡psat¶m?
JpÀB\nse asämcp hmIywIqSn ChnsS {it²bamWv:
“Ahs\ KÀ`w [cn¨psIm­ncp¶Xpw Ahsâ apeIpSn Ah
km\n¨Xpw ap¸Xpamkw sIm­mWv” (JpÀB³ 46:15) apIfnÂ
]dbp¶Xv c­p sImÃamWv apeIpSnImesa¶mWv þ AXmbXv
24 amkw ape IpSn¨p. _m¡n 6 amkap­v.
AXmWv KÀ`Imesa¶p hcp¶p. a\pjykv{XoIÄ¡p ]¯p
amkamWv KÀ`Imew F¶v FÃmhÀ¡pw Adnbmw. AÃmlp
Cd ¡nb hnip² {KÙ¯n AXv BdpamkambsX§s\?

179
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ssZhw kÀhÚ\söv XmlnÀ
F\n¡p adp]Sn ]dbm\pÅ sh¼en AÃmlphns\t]mepw
XmlnÀ Xcw Xmgv¯p¶p­v. Hcp DZmlcWanXmWv. 114 A[ymb
§fpÅ JpÀB³ ImeKW\tbm hnjb km[Àaytam t\m¡n
bà Ah ASp¡nbn«pÅsX¶v Rm³ ]dªncp¶p. AXn\v
XmlnÀ ]dbp¶ adp]Sn C§s\bmWv:
“BZyw Ipd¨p hN\§Ä shfns¸«t¸mÄ A¶s¯ P\X
bpsS {]XnIcWw Adnbm³ km[n¨p. At¸mgmWv asämcp kq
àw shfns¸Sp¶Xv. At¸mÄ AXphscbpÅ kwib§Ä¡v
\nhmcWw D­mIp¶p.” (CSadpIv hnaÀin¨ CÉmw, t]Pv 112,
113)
Cu ]dªXv a\pjy\mb apl½Znsâ Imcy¯n icnbmWv.
Hcp Imcyw ]dbpI, BfpIÄ¡v A¡mcy¯nepÅ {]XnIcWw
t\m¡n XpSÀ¶p aäp Imcy§Ä ]dbpI þ A§s\bmWv a\p
jyÀ sN¿p¶Xv. aäpÅhcpsS a\Ênencp¸v F´msW¶v Adnbm
¯XpsIm­mWv C§s\ sN¿p¶Xv. a\pjycpsS hnNmc§Ä
am{XaÃ, `qXhpw `mhnbpw Adnbmhp¶ kÀhÚ\mWv ssZhsa
¶mWv apÉo§Ä ]dbp¶Xv. A§s\bpÅ AÃmlp, JpÀB³
Cd¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v AXns\´p {]XnIcWw D­mIpsa¶v Adn
ªnà F¶mWv XmlnÀ ]dbp¶Xv. At¸mÄ At±l¯nsâ
ssZhamb AÃmlp kÀÆÚ\söp hcpsa¶ Imcyw ad¶p.
19 F¶ Znhy kwJy
C\n JpÀBsâ alXzw ImWn¡m³ XmlnÀ FSp¯p ImWn
¡p¶ asämcp Imcyw CXmWv:
“apl½Zp \_n¡v BZyIme¯p e`n¨ ssZhnI shfn]mSp
Ifn H¶mWv JpÀB\nse AÂap±knÀ F¶ A²ymb¯nse
ap¸Xmas¯ hN\w. AXn§s\bmWv. AXn³taep­v 19. Cu
hmIy¯neS§nbncn¡p¶ Bibw AZv`pXIcamw hn[w C¶p
hyàmambncn¡p¶p. JpÀB\n ImWp¶ A£c§fpw hN\
§fpsaÃmw Xs¶ ]s¯m¼Xpambn _ÔnXamsW¶p Is­
¯nbncn¡p¶p. Nne DZmlcW§Ä ChnsS D²cn¡mw. JpÀ
B³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv ‘IcpWm\n[nbpw ]caImcpWnI\pamb

180
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AÃmlphnsâ \ma¯nÂ’ F¶mWv. Cu hN\¯n 19 A£c
§fmWpÅXv. asäm¶v JpÀB³ \ÂIp¶ Gähpw henb ktµ
iw ssZhw ‘GI³’ F¶mWv. Cu hN\¯n 19 A£c§
fmWpÅXv. Ad_nbn A_vPZv IW¡\pkcn¨v hmlnXv F¶
]Z¯n\v Ad_n A¡§fpsS kwJy 19 BWv. Xncp\_n¡v
BZyambn AhXcn¨Xv ‘AeJv’ F¶ A[ymb¯nse BZy
s¯ A©v hN\§fmWv. Cu hN\¯nepw ]s¯m³]Xp
hm¡pIfmWpÅXv. C§s\ JpÀB\nse FÃm hm¡pIfnepw
hN\§fnepw ]s¯m³]Xv AS§nbncn¡p¶p F¶p sXfnªn
cn¡p¶p. (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmwþ t]Pv 115þ116)
AÂap±knÀ F¶ 74þmw A²ymb¯n ‘]s¯m³]Xv’ F¶
kwJy h¶p F¶pw AXn³taep­v 19 F¶mWv B hmIysa¶pw
XmlnÀ ]dbp¶p. JpÀB\nse FÃm hm¡pIfnepw hN\
§fnepw 19 AS§nbncn¡p¶p F¶pamWv At±l¯nsâ hmZw.
kµÀ`¯n \n¶v ASÀ¯nsbSp¯mWv At±lw B ‘Znhy
kwJy’ D²cn¡p¶Xv. kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa
bn \n¶v 74þmw A[ymb¯nse 27 apX 30 hsc hmIy§Ä
ChnsS D²cn¡mw:-
“\cIsas´¶p \n\¡dnbmtam?
(AXnenSp¶ Hcp hkvXphnt\bpw)
AXp _m¡n shbv¡pIbnà (H¶nt\bpw)
Fcn¡msX hn«p IfbpIbnÃ.
sXmen Icn¨v cq]w amän¡fbp¶XmWXv.
AXnsâ taÂt\m«¡mcmbn ]s¯m³]Xp
t]cp­v.” (JpÀB³ 74:27þ30)
Would that you knew what the fire of hell is like! It leaves nothing.
It spares no one; it burns the skins of men. It is guarded by nineteen
(keepers).
Cu \cI Imh¡mcpsS kwJybmtWm JpÀBsâ FÃm
hm¡pIfnepw hN\§fnepw AS§nbncn¡p¶Xv? Nne hm¡p
Ifntem hN\§fntem ]s¯m³]Xv F¶ kwJy t¢in¨mÂ
I­p]nSn¡mw. F¶m JpÀB\nse FÃm hm¡pIfnepw 19
A£cw hoXamtWm DÅXv? Asæn Hmtcm hm¡n\papÅ
181
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
A¡§Ä Iq«nbm 19 F¶ kwJy hcp¶ hm¡pIÄ am{Xta
AXneptÅm?
JpÀB\n 114 A[ymb§fp­v. Bdp 19 IqSp¶XmWv 114
F¶v thWsa¦n Xmlndn\p hmZn¡mw. JpÀB\nse A{Xbpw
A²ymb§sf 30 ‘PqkvAv’ (`mK§Ä) Bbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p.
At¸mgpw ]dbmw, ]s¯m³]Xnt\mSv ]Xns\m¶p Iq«nbmÂ
ap¸XmIpsa¶v. Ggv BImi§sf¸än JpÀ B\n ]ebnS¯pw
]dªn«p­v. AXn\v 19 F¶ kwJybpambn _Ôansöp tXm
¶p¶pt­m? hnjant¡­, c­v Ggp IqSnbm 14 BIpw. AXn
t\mSv A©p Iq«nbm (7 + 7 + 5 = 19) ]s¯m³]XmIpatÃm.
_ZÀ bp²¯n 313 apÉo§Ä ]s¦Sp¯p. AXpw 19þXpambn
F´p _Ôsat¶m? 19 x 16 = 304, AXnt\mSv 9 Iq«nbm 313
BIpw. Xmlndnsâ ]pkvXI¯n\v 175 t]Pp­v. AXpw 19 F¶
kwJybpambn _Ôs¸«XmsW¶p ]dbmw. 175þs\ 19 sIm­p
lcn¨m 9.21 F¶p In«pw. _ÔambntÃ? GXp kwJybpambpw
C¯cw _Ôw BÀ¡pw Is­¯mw.
\cI¯n\v AÃmlp 19 Imh¡msc GÀs¸Sp¯n F¶p
]d bp¶Xnsâ ImcWw F´msW¶pw Nn´n¡mw. temI¯nsâ
]e `mK¯pw ]e Znhy kwJyIÄ D­mbncp¶p. C³UybnÂ
]Xns\«v F¶ kwJybv¡v hfsc {]m[m\yap­v.
tIcf¯nse ]e t£{X§fnepw ]Xns\«v ]SnIÄ D­v.
F´mWv Cu ]Xns\«nsâ {]m[m\yw? aq¶v, Ggv, F«v, ]{´­v,
]Xn\mev, ]Xn\mdv, Ccp]s¯«v, \mev]Xv F¶n§s\ ]e
kwJyIfpw ‘Znhy’ambn ]pcmX\Ime¯v IcpXnbncp¶p. {Inkv
Xphn\v ]{´­v injy·mcp­mbncp¶psh¶pw C{ktbenÂ
]{´­v tKm{X§fp­mbncp¶p F¶pw ss__nfnep­v .
hÀjs¯ ]{´­p amk§fmbpw ]Iens\ ]{´­v aWn¡qdm
bpw thÀXncn¨Xpw ]gbImes¯ BfpIÄ ]{´­v F¶
kwJybv¡v ZnhyXzw IÂ]n¨ncp¶XpsIm­mWv. Ggv, aq¶v
XpS§nb aäp kwJyIÄ¡v C¯c¯n {]m[m\yw Iev]n¨ncp
¶p. ]Xns\«pw CXpt]mse ‘Znhy’sa¶v KWn¡s¸«ncp¶ Hcp
kwJybmWv. alm`mcXs¯ ]Xns\«v ]ÀƧfmbn«mWv BZyw

182
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Xncn¨ncp¶Xt{X. `KhZvKoXbn 18 A²ymb§fmWpÅXv.
]Xns\«v ]pcmW§Ä, ]Xns\«v D]]pcmW§Ä, ]Xns\«p
Zzo]pIÄ, ]Xns\«v D]Nmc§Ä, ]Xns\«v hmZy§Ä, ]Xns\«v
Bbp[§Ä, ]Xns\«v AShpIÄ, ]Xns\«v Ac (cmPIob)
IhnIÄ F¶n§s\ ]eXpw ImWm³ Ignbpw. CsXms¡ ]pcm
X\ Imes¯ a\pjyÀ ]Xns\«v F¶ kwJybv¡v \ÂInbncp¶
{]m[m\ys¯bmWv ImWn¡p¶Xv. ]t£, F´psIm­mWv
AhÀ B kwJybv¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂInbncp¶sX¶v hyàaÃ.
C³Uybnse sslµhcpsS ]pcmW§fnepw aX{KÙ§fn
epw ]Xns\«v Znhy kwJybmbn ImWp¶XpsIm­v AhÀ am{X
ta Cu kwJybv¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂInbncp¶pÅq F¶p IcpXp
¶Xv icnbÃ. bqZ·mcpsSbnSbn ]Xns\«p {]mÀ°\IÄ (She
moneesre) \nehnep­v. ]pcmX\ _m_ntemWnbm¡mÀ¡pw
]Xns\«v {][m\ambncp¶p.
C³Uybn lnµpaXw DZv`hn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼p­mbncp¶
{]mIrX aX§fnepw _p²aX¯nepw ‘]Xns\«v’ F¶ kwJy¡v
{]m[m\yap­mbncp¶p. Sn_äntebpw eUm¡ntebpw _p²aX
sFXnly§fn ]Xns\«v Znhy ]pcpj³amsc¸än ]dbp¶p.
‘¥nwKvtNmkv ’ F¶ ]n¡me ]ÞnX·mÀ t]cn«, eUm¡nse
{]mIrX aX k¦ev]§fn Chsc¸änbpÅ hniZamb hÀW
\IÄ D­v. Cu ]Xns\«p t]cn \n¶mWv a\pjyhÀKw DZv`hn
¨sX¶v AhÀ hnizkn¡p¶p. ]n¶oSv _p²aX¡mÀ Cu IY
AhcpsS sFXnly§fn ]IÀ¯n. _p²aX¯n Xs¶
Bcw`Ime¯v ]Xns\«v Nn´m k{¼Zmb§Ä D­mbncp¶p.
BNmcyhmZnIÄ, ØhocÀ, temtIm¯chmZnIÄ GIhyh
lmcnIÄ F¶n§s\ hnhn[ t]cpIfn Adnbs¸«ncp¶hcm
WnhÀ.
Cu ]Xns\«n\p ]Icw apl½Zv 19 t]sc \cI Imh¡mcm
¡nbXmsW¶phcmw. aäp aX¡mcn \n¶v Fs´¦nepw hyXym
kw CÉmw aX¯n\p thWsa¶ Imcy¯n At±l¯n\p
\nÀ_Ôap­mbncp¶p. {InkvXym\nIÄ RmbdmgvNbpw bqZ
·mÀ i\nbmgvNbpw hnip² Znhk§fmbn IcpXp¶p. AXnÂ
Hcp Znhkw {][m\ Zn\am¡p¶Xn\p ]Icw apl½Zv shÅn
183
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
bmgvN {][m\ Znhkam¡n. CXpt]mse 18þ\p {]m[m\yapÅ
Hcp Ime¯v Aev]wIqSn Iq«n 19 t]À \cI¯n\p Imh¡mcm
bn Ds­¶v At±lw FgpXnbXmImw. Asæn shdptX Hcp
kwJy ]dªXmsW¶pw hcmw. GXmbmepw 19 F¶ kwJy
sIm­pÅ Ifn Aev]w IS¶pt]mbn F¶p ]dbmsX XcanÃ.
asämcp I­p]nSn¯w!
AZv`pXIcamb Hcp Ncn{X hkvXpX XmlnÀ shfns¸Sp¯nbncn
¡p¶p:-
“8þ-mw \qäm­n Pohn¨ncp¶ apl½Zv apkAÂhmcnkvan JpÀ
B\n \n¶p {]tNmZ\w DÄs¡m­v FgpXnb ‘kqd¯p AÀ
kv’(`qanbpsS BIrXn F¶ ]pkvXI¯nse emän³ ]cn`mj
]Tn¨n«mWv tIm¸À\n¡kv At±l¯nsâ hn{ipXaXamb
{KÙw FgpXnbn«pÅXv.” (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw, t]Pv 124)
CXp icnbmsW¦n Hcp henb I­p]nSn¯amWv. AXn\v
XmlnÀ hnes¸«Xpw B[nImcnIhpamb Hcp d^d³kpw Nq­n
¡mWn¨ncn¡p¶p. AsX¶XmW¶tÃ? 21þ1þ83þse N{µnI
Zn\]{Xw!
sXfnhv F§s\bncn¡p¶p? JpÀB\n \n¶pw {]tNmZ\w
DÄs¡m­v apl½Zp aqkm AÂhmcnkvan `qan Dcp­XmsW¶v
FgpXnsh¨ncp¶phs{X! JpÀB\n ‘`qansb \mw hncn¸m¡n’,
‘`qXes¯ ]c¯n’ F¶n§s\sbms¡bmWv hnhcn¡p¶Xv.
JpÀB³ Hcp haÀi\]T\¯nsâ Ggmw A²y¯n ‘]c¶
`qan’ F¶ k_v slUnwKn\p XmsgbpÅ `mKw t\m¡pI. AXp
t]mse `qan ]c¶XmsW¶p hyàambn ]dbp¶ ]e `mK§fpw
JpÀB\n thsd ImWmw. Ahsb ]cntim[n¨ tamdnkv _p
Jmbv ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
“BZyw JpÀB³ A`napJoIcn¨ P\Xbv¡p AhcpsS `qanim
kv{X]camb {]tXyIXIfm s]s«¶p a\ÊnemImhp¶ efn
Xamb Bib§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶p þ a¡m aZo\m hmZnIÄ¡pw
Atd_y³ D]Zzo]nse _ZnhIÄ¡pw.” (ss__nÄ, JpÀB³,
imkv{Xw, tImgnt¡mSv, 1982, t]Pv 164þ165)
Ad_nIÄ¡v `qansb¸änbp­mbncp¶ k¦ev]w apl½Zv

184
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
JpÀB\n FgpXn sh¨p F¶p Npcp¡w. imkv{Xw CXphsc
I­p]nSn¨sXÃmw JpÀB\n DÅXmsW¶pw, AXp t\m¡n
bmWv ]mÝmXyimkv{XÚ·mÀ I­p]nSn¯§Ä \S¯nb
sX¶pw ]dªm hnhcanÃm¯ hÃhcpw hnizkns¨¶p hcmw.
{]hmNI\mb apl½Znt\m, At±l¯n\v Znhy shfn]mSpIÄ
\ÂInb AÃmlphnt\m Atd_y³ D]`qJÞ¯n\SnbnÂ
D­mbncp¶ s]t{Smfnb¯nsâ Imcyw AdnbmsX t]mbXv
F´psIm­mWmthm? Atacn¡, Bkvt{Senb, AâmÀ«n¡
XpS§nb `qJÞ§tf¸än t]mepw AÃmlphn\v hnhcanÃmsX
t]mbn. {]hmNI³ apJm´ncw Ahsbms¡ t\cs¯ shfns¸
Sp¯nbncps¶¦n AsX{Xtbm {]tbmP\IcamIpambncp¶p.
‘ssZh¯nsâ {]hmNI³’ hmfpw A¼pw hnÃpsams¡sIm­m
Wv bp²w sNbvXXv. AÃmlp Ft´ shSnacp¶v, tXm¡v, hnam\w,
Sm¦pIÄ, t_mw_pIÄ XpS§nbhbpsS hnhcw apl½Zn\v shfn
s¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¡mXncp¶Xv? aäp cmPy¡mÀ CsXms¡ I­p
]nSn¨Xv JpÀB³ t\m¡nbmsW¶v XmlnÀ thWsa¦n ]d
tª¡pw. N{µnIbntem eoKv ssSwkntem Hcp hmÀ¯ sImSp
¯m AXp d^d³kmbpw D]tbmKn¡mw.
]m\ob¯n Cu¨hoWmÂ?
Ggmw iXI¯n Atd_ybnse aWemcWy¯n Pohn¨n
cp¶ apl½Zn\v C¶s¯ Imehpambn X«n¨p t\m¡nbm ]e
AdnhptISpIfpap­mbncp¶p. AXn\v At±ls¯ Ipäw ]dbp
¶Xv icnbÃ. F¶m kÀÆià\mb ssZhw Cd¡ns¡mSp¯
hnhc§fmWv At±lw ]dªsXÃmsa¶p hmZn¨m B ssZh
¯nsâ AdnhptISnepw \ap¡v klXm]w tXm¶pw. At±lw
]dª Hcp D]tZiw _pJmcnbpsS lZoknep­v: “\n§fnÂ
hÃhcptSbpw ]m\ob¯n Cu¨ hoWpt]mbm B Cu¨sb
apgph³ AXn ap¡nbn«v ]pdt¯¡v FSp¯pIfbs«. Cu¨bp
sS Hcp NndIn tcmKhpw atä NndIn tcmKia\hpamWpÅXv.”
(klolp _pJmcn. 1358)
CXpw CXpt]mepÅ lZokv hmIy§fpw D²cn¨psIm­v
tamdnkv _pJmbv ]dbp¶Xv “imkv{Xobambn AkzoImcy§fmb

185
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Nne lZokpIÄ Ds­¶ \nKa\¯n F¯nt¨cm³ Ignbpw”
F¶mWv. (ss__nÄ, JpÀB³, imkv{Xw t]Pv 247. ]t£, Xm
lnÀ AXp k½Xn¡pIbnÃ. At±lw ]dbp¶p. “PohnIfnÂ
{]Xnhnjw (Antidote) Ds­¶ Imcyw C¶p sXfnªXmWv.
Cu¨bpsS NndInepw A¯cw kwhn[m\w Csöp ]dbWsa
¦n ]co£Wimebn \nco£Ww \S¯n thWw Xocpam\n
¡m³. A§s\ sN¿m¯nSt¯mfw Imew Hcp Imcyhpw Aim
kv{XobamsW¶p ]dªpIqSm.” (CSadpIp hnaÀin¨ CÉmw,
t]Pv 143)
Cu¨sb¸än hniZamb ]T\§Ä \S¶n«ps­¶pw AXnsâ
NndIpIfpw B ]T\¯n s]Spsa¶pw XmlnÀ a\Ênem¡m
¯Xv IjvSamWv. GsX¦nepw Pohimkv{XhnÚm\tImiw FSp
¯p t\m¡nbncps¶¦n AXv a\Ênem¡mambncp¶p. aeaq
{XmZnIfnepw Noª hkvXp¡fnepw Ccp¶n«v AXnse tcmKmWp
¡fpw hln¨psIm­phcp¶ Cu¨ Nmbbn hoWm AXnÂ
{]Xnhnjw Ds­¶ hnizmkt¯msS Cu¨sb apgph\mbn
ap¡nbn«pXs¶ XmlnÀamÀ Nmb IpSn¡s«!

186
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

“CSadpIn\v 11001 I C\mw”

]s¯m³]Xmw iXI¯nsâ Ahkm\¯n ]©m_n Pohn
¨ncp¶ anÀkmKpemw Al½Zv Øm]n¨ ‘Al½Zn¿m’ {]Øm\
¯nsâ tIcf¯nse Hcp hàmhmb C. XmlnÀ FgpXnb
]pkvXI¯n\p ]pdta B aX¡mcptSXmbn asämcp ]pkvXIw
IqSn F\ns¡Xncmbn Cd¡nbn«p­v . ‘JpÀBsâ alnaþ
CSadpIn\v 11001 I. C\mw’ F¶mWv ]pkvXI¯nsâ t]cv. tIcf
AÒZn¿m apÉow tÌäv I½än {]kn²oIcn¨ B eLp {KÙ
¯nsâ IÀ¯mhv F³. A_vZpÀdlnw BWv. tIcf¯n Al
½Zn¿mIÄ hfsc Npcp¡amWv. aäp apÉo§Ä Chsc apÉo§
fmbn AwKoIcn¡pItbm Iq«¯n tNÀ¡pItbm sN¿pIbnÃ.
At¸mÄ bpànhmZnIsf hnaÀins¨¦nepw Aev]w ]»nknän
D­m¡mw F¶v AhÀ IcpXnsb¦n Rm³ Ahsc Ipäs¸Sp
¯p¶nÃ. Ncn{Xs¯ hfs¨mSn¡m\pw kzbw ssZhw Nabm\pw
kaÀ°\m AhcpsS aXØm]I\mb anÀkm Kpemw Al½Zv.
Pohn¨ncp¶n«nÃm¯ {InkvXp F¶ IYm]m{Xw Ipcnin \n¶p
c£s]«p Imivaocn h¶p F¶pw s]®psI«n a¡fpw a¡fpsS
a¡fpambn 120 hbkphsc AhnsS Pohn¨ncp¶psh¶pw IÅ¡
YsbgpXnb hoc\mWv At±lsa¶pwIqSn HmÀt¡­XmWv. {In
kvXym\nIfpsS hcm\ncn¡p¶ aninlmbpw lnµp¡fpsS hnjv
Wphpw apÉo§fpsS akolpamsW¶v At±lw AhImis¸«p.
]s¯m³]Xmw iXI¯nse Hcp ‘kmbn_m_’ Bbncp¶p
At±lsa¶p ]dbmw. Ct±l¯nsâ acW¯n\ptijw Al½
Znb hn`mKw c­mbn ]ncnªp. AXn Hcp {Kq¸nsâ tIcfm
tÌäp I½än F\n¡v 11001 I C\mw {]Jym]n¨ncn¡pIbmWv !
F´ns\t¶m? ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ F¶ ]pkvX
I¯n Rm³ C§s\ FgpXn:
187
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“A_q_¡dnsâ Ime¯p t{ImUoIcn¨ Dkvamsâ `cW
kab¯v ]IÀs¸Sp¯Xpamb JpÀB\n apl½Zp ]dªp
apgph³ DÄs¡mÅn¨n«pt­m? At±lw ]dbm¯Xp hÃXpw
Bsc¦nepw FgpXnt¨À¯n«pt­m? C¡mcy§fn hniZamb
]T\w \S¶n«nÃ. jnbmIÄ, kp¶nIÄ, apPmlnZpIÄ, Al½Zn
bmIÄ F¶n§s\ Adnbs¸Sp¶ apÉow hn`mK§fpsS ssIh
i¯nepÅ JpÀB\pIfn AhchÀ¡mhiyambXp ]eXpw
Iq«nt¨À¯n«pÅXmbn ImWp¶p.”
CXv A_vZpÀ dlnans\ hÃmsX sNmSn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p. At±
lw ]dbp¶p:
“tPmk^v CSadpIv Hcp X\n Akw_ÔamWv taep²cn¨
hmNI§fn FgpXn¯Ånbncn¡p¶sX¶p ]dbm³ Rm³ aSn
¡p¶nÃ. \ncp¯chmZ]chpw IpÕnXhpw eÖmhlhpw lo\
hpw A]lmkyhpw IpäIchpw hnUvVn¯]chpw A[nt£]mÀ
lhpamb Hcp Btcm]WamWnXv.....AÒZnIÄ JpÀB\nse
GsX¦nepw Hcp Bb¯nse GsX¦nepw Hcp ]Z¯nse, GsX
¦nepw A£c¯nse AImcw CImcam¡o«ps­t¶m AÀ°
hyXymkap­m¡pwhn[w IcpXnIq«n Hcp ]pÅn Iq«nt¨À¡pI
tbm Hcp hÅn FSp¯pIfbpItbm sNbvXn«ps­t¶m sXfnbn
¨p Im«nbm aXnbmIpw.”
A§s\ sNbvXm F\n¡v 11001 I Xcmsa¶mWv Al½Zn
¿m¡Ä ]dbp¶Xv. AXp ]dbp¶ ]pkvXI¯nsâ 13þmw t]PnÂ
A_vZpÀ dlnw Xs¶ C§s\ FgpXp¶p.
“Al½ZnIfpw Al½ZnIfÃm¯hcpamb apÉo§Ä X½n
epÅ {]Xy£amb A`n{]mb hyXymkw {]hmNIXz kam]vXn
kw_Ôn¨XmWv. thWsa¦n ‘AImchpw’ ‘CImchpw’ kw_
Ôn¨ hyXymkamsW¶p ]dbmw. Fs´¶m JpÀB\n ‘Jm
¯ap¶_n¿o³’ F¶p h¶ncn¡p¶p. {]hmNIt{ijvS³ F¶m
WnXn¶À°w. CXn\v ‘Jm¯nap¶_n¿n³’ F¶ asämcp ]mT
t`Zhpap­v.”
Jm¯ap¶_n¿n³ F¶pw Jm¯nap¶_n¿n³ F¶pw c­p
]mTt`Z§Ä JpÀB\neps­¶v A_vZpÀ dlow Xs¶ k½Xn
¡p¶p. CXn Al½ZnbmIfpsS ]mTt`ZamWv icnsb¶v
188
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
At±lhpw, atä ]mTt`ZamWv icnsb¶v CXc apÉo§fpw hmZn
¡p¶p. CXn GXmWv icnsb¶v F§s\ sXfnbn¡m³ Ign
bpw? Dkvamsâ Imes¯ ssIsbgp¯p {]XnbmWv Xmjv¡
´nepÅsX¶pÅXn\v Nne ]mc¼cy§fÃmsX A\ntj[yamb
sXfnhpIsfm¶panÃ.
kzÀK¯n \n¶v Cd¡nbsX¶p IcpXp¶ Cu {KÙ¯nÂ
apl½Znsâ Ime¯pXs¶ hyXymkw hcp¯nbn«ps­¶pÅ
Xn\v _pJmcn km£yw hln¡p¶p.
“A\kv (d) Â \n¶p \nthZ\w. Hcn¡Â _\qkenw tKm{X
¡mcmb Fgp]Xpt]sc Xncpta\n (k) _\pBanÀ tKm{X¡m
cpsS ASp¡tebv¡v Ab¨p... Cu Ahkc¯n Pn_vco (A)
Xncpta\n (k)sb kao]n¨v, AhscÃmw X§fpsS \mYs\
I­pap«nsb¶pw AhcpsS \mY³ Ahsc¸än AhÀ Ahs\¸
änbpw Xr]vXns¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶pw Adnbn¨p. A¶v R§Ä
JpÀB\n C§s\ HmXmdp­mbncp¶p. “R§Ä R§fpsS
\mYs\ I­pap«n¡gnªp; F¶n«v Ah³ R§sf¡pdn¨pw
R§Ä Ahs\¡pdn¨pw kwXr]vXcmbncn¡p¶p.” ]n¶oSv Cu
hmIyw ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯n. AXn\ptijw Xncpta\n ‘dnAvev’, ‘ZIv
hm³’, ‘_\qenlvbm³’, ‘_\qDk¿m’ þ AÅmlphnt\mSpw Ah
sâ ZqXt\mSpw [n¡mcw ImWn¨hcmWhÀ þ F¶o tKm{X§Ä
s¡Xncn 40 Znhkw kp_lv \akvImc¯n {]mÀ°\ (Jp
\q¯v \S¯ns¡m­ncp¶p.” (klolp _pJmcn: 1174)
‘Pn_vco hgn AÃmlp Cd¡ns¡mSp¯’ Hcp JpÀB³
hmNIw apl½Zv ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯n F¶mWv A\kv ]dbp¶Xv.
C¶s¯ JpÀB\n CÃm¯Xpw BZys¯ JpÀB\n D­m
bncp¶Xpamb Hcp Imcys¯¸än DaÀ C§s\ ]dbp¶p:
“AÃmlp apl½Zv (k) sb Hcp kXyhpw sIm­b¨p; AhnS
t¯bv¡p AÃmlp JpÀB³ Ab¨p sImSp¯p. hy`nNmcnsb
IsÃdnªp sImÃWsa¶v, AhnSt¯¡v AÃmlp Ab¨p
sImSp ¯ JpÀB\n D­mbncp¶p.” (klolp _pJmcn:
2169)
Ct¸mgs¯ JpÀB\n hy`nNmcnsb IsÃdnªp sImÃW
sa¶p ]dbp¶nÃ. ‘ssZh¯nsâ B Iev]\’ JpÀB\n \n¶v
189
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
F§s\ \jvSs¸«p F¶v Al½Zn¿mIÄ¡v ]dbmtam?
‘CÉmapw CSadpIpw’ F¶ {KÙ¯n kn.Sn. A_vZpÀ dlnw
]dbp¶ Hcp hmNIw IqSn ChnsS D²cn¡s«.
“Aen¡v A\pIqeambncp¶ JÞnIItfm A²ymb§sfm
Dkvam³ hn«pIfªXmbn ]n¡me inbm¡Ä XoÀ¨bmbpw
Hcp Btcm]Ww D¶bn¨n«p­v.” (t]Pv 36)
kp¶nIÄ JpÀB\n amäw hcp¯nbXmbn inbm¡Ä
Btcm]n¡p¶ps­¶pÅXmWtÃm CXn\À°w.
tIcf`mjm C³Ìnäyq«n \n¶pw 1983þ ‘CÉmanI ZÀi\w"
Fs¶mcp _rlZv {KÙw Cd¡nbn«p­v. s{]m^kÀ k¿nZv
samln Zn³jm, s{]m^. hn. apl½Zv, Sn.]n. Ip«nbmap F¶o
apÉow ]ÞnX·mÀ tNÀ¶v FgpXn {]kn²oIcn¨ B {KÙ
¯n ‘JndmA¯p’ (]mTm´c§Ä)Itf¸än ]dbp¶ Hcp `mKw
t\m¡pI:
aäp `mjIfnse¶t]mse Ad_n `mjbnepw ]eXcw ssien
Ifpw D¨mcW hyXymk§fpw D­mbncp¶p....... sNdp¸¯nÂ
ioen¨ D¨mcW coXn amäm³ {]bmkambXpsIm­v JpÀ
B\nse Nne ]Z§Ä ]eÀ¡pw hyXykvXambn D¨cnt¡­
Xmbn h¶p. CXn\p A\phmZhpw \ÂIs¸«ncp¶p. \_n (k)
C§s\ ]dbpIbp­mbn«p­v. “F\n¡v Pn_vcn Hcp lÀ^nÂ
HmXnt¡Ä¸n¨t¸mÄ Rm³ ho­pw HmXm\mhiys¸«p. A§
s\ Rm³ ho­pw ho­pw Bhiys¸SpIbpw Ggp lÀ^pIÄ
XnIbp¶Xphsc Pn_vcn BhÀ¯n¨v HmXn¯cnIbpw sNbvXp
(_pJmcnþ apÉow)
“\_n (k)bpsS ImeL«¯n Xs¶ Cu ]mTm´c§Ä
sXän²cn¡s¸SpIbp­mbn«p­v.” (CÉmanI ZÀi\w t]Pv
283þ284). {]kvXpX {KÙ¯nsâ asämcp `mK¯v JpÀBsâ Hu
tZymKnI {]XnIÄ Xbmdm¡nbXnt\¸än ]dbp¶Xv C§s\
bmWv:
“lÀ^v hyXymk¯nsâ bmYmÀ°yw {Kln¡m¯XpsIm­v
\_n (k) bpsS Ime¯pXs¶ klm_nIÄ¡nSbn {]iv\§
fp­mbXmbn DamÀþlnimw kw`h¯n \n¶p a\Ênem¡mw.
]t£, Imcyw hyàam¡s¸«tXmsS AsXÃmw ]cnlcn¡s¸«p.
190
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
F¶m Dkvam³ (d) Jeo^bmbXn\ptijw At±l¯nsâ
A\phmZt¯msS ]e klm_namcpw (A\pbmbnIÄ) aZo\hn«p
hnhn[ \mSpIfntebv¡p t]mhpIbpw \m«pImÀ Ahcn \n¶v
JpÀB³ tI«p ]Tn¡m\nSbmhpIbpw sNbvXp. C§s\ t]mbh
cn hyXykvX lÀ^pIfn JpÀ B³ ]mcmbWw sN¿p¶hÀ
D­mbncp¶XpsIm­v Chcn \n¶pw JpÀB³ ]Tn¨ Ad_n
IÄ hyXykvX lÀ^pIfnemWv ]Tn¨Xv. C§s\ ]e hn[¯nÂ
HmXm³ ]Tn¨hÀ ]ckv]cw sXäp ]nSn¡m\pw Ipäs¸Sp¯m\pw
XpS§n. (t]Pv. 285þ286)
Cu kmlNcy¯n l^vkbpsS ssIbnep­mbncp¶ ssI
sbgp¯p{]Xn hcp¯n ‘Jpssdin’ ssienbn Dkvam³ FgpXn¨
XmWv BZys¯ JpÀB³ ]IÀ¸pIÄ. CXn \n¶v Hmtcm¶p
\mSnsâ \m\m `mKt¯bv¡pw At±lw sImSp¯b¨p. l^vk
bpsS tIm¸n AhÀ¡pw sImSp¯p. “AXÃm¯ aäv GSpIsfÃmw
I¯n¨pIfbpIbpw sNbvXp” F¶v AhÀ ]dbp¶p. ]mTt`Z§
fpÅsXÃmw I¯n¨pIfªp F¶p kmcw. BZys¯ JpÀB³
Jpssdin ssienbn amänsbgpXnbt¸mÄ Xs¶ ]eXpw \jvS
s¸«ncn¡mw. l^vkbpsS ssIbnep­mbncp¶ ssIsbgp¯p
{]Xn¡v þ AXmbncp¶tÃm aqewþ F´p kw`hn¨p? AXp kwc
£n¡m³ AÃmlp H¶pw sNbvXnÃtÃm? Dkvam³ ]IÀ¯nsb
gpXn¨Xn Hcp tIm¸nbmWv Xmjv¡ân DÅsX¶p ]dbp¶p.
HdnPn\ FhnsS? AXp ImWmsX amäw hcp¯nbn«nsöp
]dbm³ sXfnsh´v?
F³. A_vZpÀ dlnapw Al½Zn¿mImcpw C{Xbpw Imcy§Ä
a\Ênem¡nbn«ps­¦n AhÀ A´kmbn 11001 cq]m F\n¡v
Ab¨p Xtc­XmWv. AXhÀ sN¿pIbnsöv F\n¡dnbmw.
Cu ]pkvXIsagpXnb A_vZpÀ dlnw ]­p amXr`qanbn Fgp
Xn, tbip{InkvXphs\¸än ]nemt¯mkv tdma³ Kh¬saân\
b¨ Hcp I¯v h¯n¡m³ sse{_dnbneps­¶v. Rm³ DSs\
h¯n¡m³ sse{_dns¡gpXn tNmZn¨p, AhnsS H¶mw iXI
¯nse A¯cw Hcp I¯v Dt­msb¶v. Ggmw iXI¯ntem
asäm Bscm Ir{Xnaambn D­m¡nb Hcp ]pkvXI¯n A§
s\ H¶p ImWp¶ps­¶pw AXv hnizk\obasöpw AhÀ
191
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
DSs\ F\n¡v adp]Sn Abbv¡pIbpw sNbvXp. tdma³ It¯m
en¡À Dt]£n¨Xpw Ahnizk\obsa¶p Xocpam\n¨Xpamb
Ir{XnatcJ s]m¡n¸nSn¨psIm­v tbip{InkvXphnsâ AkvXn
Xzw Øm]n¡m³ {ian¨ Cu hnZzm³ 11001 AÃ, 100 cq] Xcmsa¶p
]dªmepw AXp sN¿pIbnsöv F\n¡dnbmw.

192
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

JpÀ B³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn

Xriqcnse [ojWm {KÙthZn {]kn²oIcn¨ Hcp {KÙamWv
‘JpÀ B³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn.’ Sn.hn. apl½Zen FUnäp
sNbvX Cu {KÙ¯n hn.F. JmZnÀIp«n, s{]m^kÀ bp. PamÂ
Al½Zv, Sn. apl½Zv, F³.Fw. lpssk³, sI.F. kn±nJv lk³,
F.FÊmÀ F¶n§s\ Ac Uk³ t]cpsS teJ\§fp­v. A
Xn BZys¯ aqs¶®w am{Xta Fsâ ]pkvXIs¯ ]cmaÀ
in¡p¶pÅq.
‘CSadpInsâ hnaÀi\§Ä¡p adp]Sn’ F¶ BZys¯ te
J\w 56 t]PpÅXmWv. hn.F. JmZnÀIp«nbmWv IÀ¯mhv. Ct±
lw sXdn]dbp¶Xnepw No¯hnfn¡p¶Xnepw B\µw Is­
¯p¶ HcmfmWv. Fsâ hmZ§Ä¡v adp]Sn ]dbm³ {ian¡p¶
Xn\p ]Icw Fs¶ `ÀÕn¡m\mWv At±lw {ian¨n«pÅXv.
AXv Rm³ hnkvacn¡p¶p. aäp ]e hnaÀiI·msct]mse Ct±
lhpw F\n¡v Ad_n`mj Adnbnsöp ]dªp XSnX¸m³
{ian¡p¶p­v. B[nImcnI§fmb ]e ]cn`mjIfpw Rm³
H¯p t\m¡nbncp¶p. \ne sXäpt¼mÄ GsX¦nepw hnhÀ¯
Isâtbm hymJymXmhnsâtbm hm¡pIfn ]nSn¨v c£s]
Sm\pw JmZnÀIp«n {ian¡p¶p­v. ap¼p Xs¶ Rm³ hyàam¡nb
Hcp Imcyw H¶pIqSn BhÀ¯n¡s«. JpÀB³ Rm³ hmbn¨Xv
AXnsâ ImhyKpWw a\Ênem¡m\Ã. a\pjy\pth­n AÃm
lp Cd¡ns¡mSp¯XmsW¶p ]dbs¸Sp¶ B {KÙ¯nse
Bib§Ä {Kln¡m\mWv. AXn\v Ad_n `mjmÚm\w Bh
iyamsW¶mWv hmZn¡p¶sX¦n tIcf¯nse F{X apÉo
§Ä¡v JpÀB³ hmbn¨p a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbpw? Ad_n Iq«n
hmbn¡m³ ]Tn¨m AÀ°w a\ÊnemhpIbnÃtÃm. Hcp ae
bmf ]cn`mjbpw sImÅpIbnsömWv JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶Xv.
193
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
IhnXmßIambn XÀÖasNbvX Hcp Cw¥ojv JpÀB\n \n¶v
At±lw D²cn¡p¶p­v. B ]pkvXIt¯¸än¯s¶ AXp
icnbmb XÀÖabsöv NneÀ Bt£]w D¶bn¨ncp¶p. ]n
àmfnsâ XÀÖa \¶mbn F¶p ]dbp¶hcpap­v. auem\m
BkmZnsâ DÀ ZpXÀ Pqasb ÇmLn¡p¶hscbpw hnaÀin¡p¶
htcbpw ImWmw. B XÀÖaIsf¸äntbm AXn D]tbmKn¨n
cn¡p¶ Imhyssiensb¸äntbm ]Tnt¡­ Bhiyw F\n¡p
­mbncp¶nÃ. AXpt]mse Xs¶ ]pkvXI¯nsâ BZy]Xn
¸nsâ hen¸w 175 t]Pmbnt¸msb¶pw AXn Atd_ytb
¸änbpw lZokpItfbpw]än ]dªp F¶psams¡bmWv At±l
¯nsâ ]cmXn. Fsâ ]pkvXIw hmbn¨m BfpIÄ¡v Imcyw
a\ÊnemIWsa¶v F\n¡p \nÀ_Ôap­v . Atd_ybpsS
]Ým¯ew hnhcn¡msX JpÀBs\ ]än ]dªm ]eÀ¡pw
Imcy§Ä hyàamhpIbnÃ. JpÀBs\ XpSÀ¶v apÉow kapZm
b¯nÂs]« NneÀ FgpXnbXmWv lZokpIÄ. JpÀBsâ
XpSÀ¨bmWv AsX¶p thWsa¦n ]dbmw. BfpIÄ AXv
F´msW¶v Adntª H¡pIbpÅq. AXpsIm­mWv Ahtb
¸änbpÅ hnhc§ÄIqSn tNÀ¯Xv. JmZnÀIp«nbpsS a\ÊnÂ
]pkvXIcN\sb¸än ]gb GsX¦nepw aebmfw ap³jn ]Tn¸n
¨psh¨ [mcWIÄ ImWpw. AXpsIm­mhWw At±lw
A§s\ ]dbp¶Xv.
Fsâ ]pkvXIs¯ hnaÀin¡m³ At±l¯nsâ ssIbnÂ
tIms¸m¶pw CÃm¯XpsIm­msW¶p tXm¶p¶p, B ]pkvX
I¯nse Nne A¨Sn ]niIpIsf ]nSn¨psIm­v IkÀ¯p \S
¯p¶Xv. Hcp DZmlcWw t\m¡pI. “{]mIrX\pw at\mtcmKn
bpamb Hcp Ad_n tKm{XhÀKcmPmhnsâ AhnZKv[ lkvX
§Ä cq]w sImSp¯XmWv Cu IrXn” F¶v Rm³ ]dªncp¶p.
‘AhnZKv[³’ F¶ ]Zw A¨Sn¨t¸mÄ BZy ]Xn¸n ‘AXnhn
ZKv[³’ F¶mbnt¸mbn. AXnhnZKv[³ F¶p Rm³ ]dªp
F¶p IcpXn aäpNne hnaÀiIcpw Rm³ ]ckv]c hncp²ambn
kwkmcn¨p F¶p Ipäs¸Sp¯n. at\mtcmKn F§s\ AXnhnZ
Kv[\mIpw F¶mWv AhcpsS tNmZyw. JpÀB³ AXoh at\m
lcamsW¶pw AXp t]msemcp IrXn aämÀ¡pw cNn¡m³
194
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
km[yasöpw aX`à·mÀ F{X BWbn«p ]dªmepw tjIv
knbÀ IrXnIfpsStbm, ImfnZmkIrXnIfpsStbm, \mebe¯p
\n¡m\pÅ tbmKyX Cu IrXn¡nà F¶Xv Hcp bmYmÀ
°yamWv.
`qan ]c¶XmsW¶v \_n ]dªXv Ae¦mcambn«msW¶p
JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶p. Ggv F¶v JpÀB\n ]dªm AXn\v
At\Iw F¶mWs{X AÀ°w. BImiw F¶p ]dªm D]cn
temIw F¶mWÀ°sa¶pw At±lw ]dbp¶p. Ggv BImiw
F¶p ]dªm At\Iw D]cntemI§Ä F¶v \½Ä AÀ°w
[cn¨psImÅWas{X! km[mcW a\pjyÀ¡p a\ÊnemIphm³
th­n Cd¡nbXmWv JpÀBs\¦nÂ, BÀ¡pw a\ÊnemIp¶
`mjbn AsXgpXnIqSmbncpt¶m?
\£{X§sf a\pjyÀ¡v hgnIm«nIfmbn«mWv krjvSn¨ncn
¡p¶Xv F¶pÅ JpÀB³ hN\s¯ JmZnÀIp«n hymJym\n
¡p¶Xv t\m¡pI: “B[p\nI Imes¯ hbÀekv D]IcW§
tfm dUmtdm CÃmXncp¶ Ime¯v hnZqc kap{Z§fnepw IcI
fnepw k©cn¨ncp¶ a\pjyÀ \£{X§sfbmWv hgnIm«nbmbn
I­ncp¶Xv.” B kwKXn icnbmWv. hbÀekpw dUmdpw I­p
]nSn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v a\pjy\v aäp amÀK§Ä CÃmbncp¶p. ssZ
h¯n\pw {]hmNI\pw hbÀeknt\bpw dUmdnt\bpw ]än Adn
bmambncp¶ntÃ? \£{X§sf \nÀ½n¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ F{X
tbm Ffp¸ambncp¶p Ahbn GsX¦nepw \nÀ½n¨p sImSp¯n
cps¶¦nÂ! a\pjyÀ F{XthKw ]ptcmKan¡pambncp¶p!
asämcp henb tNmZyw JmZnÀIp«n tNmZn¡p¶p: “Cu¨¨nd
In Huj[ansöv CSadpIn\p sXfnbn¡phm³ Ignbptam?”
NndInsâ Huj[iànbpsS Imcyw Ccn¡s«. tcmKmWp¡
fn Ccp¯nbn«v Hcp Cu¨sb shůnen«p t\m¡pI. Cu¨
bpsS NndInsâ ‘Huj[iàn’sIm­v B tcmKmWp¡Ä NmIp
¶Xmbn ImWp¶nÃ. Hcp kq£vaZÀin\n D]tbmKn¨p ]cntim
[n¨m BÀ¡pw CXp hyàamIpw. NndIn tcmKmWp\min\n
Ds­¦n B AWp¡Ä \int¡­XtÃ? A§s\ tcmKmWp
¡Ä \in¡p¶Xmbn JmZnÀIp«n¡v ImWn¡mtam?”

195
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
kv{Xo¡v C{µnbkvJe\w D­s{X!
kv{XoIÄ¡v ssewKnI aqÀ¨bp­mIp¶Xv ]pcpjs\t¸mse
C{µnbkvJe\w D­mIp¶XpsIm­söv Rm³ ]dªncp¶p.
AXnt\¸än hfsc ]pOn¨mWv JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶Xv. F¶n«v
alm_p²nam\pw ]ÞnX\pamsW¶ \mSy¯n ‘ssewKnI
hnÚm\tImiw’ F¶ t]cn tIm«b¯p \n¶p {]kn²oIcn¨
Hcp ]pkvXI¯n \n¶v Hcp D²cWn sIm­phcp¶p. B D²
cWn CXmWv:
“km[mcW KXnbn BtcmKyapÅ kv{XobpsS P\t\{µnbw
Nph¸phÀ®hpw \\hpÅXpambncn¡pw. ssewKnImkàn D­m
Ipt¼mÄ Cu \\hp hÀ²n¨v P\t\{µnb¯n \ndsªmgp
IpIbpw kv\nKv[am¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.... B\µaqÀ¨bpsS (or-
gasm) L«amIpt¼mtgbv¡v Cu {ZmhIw tbm\o`n¯nIfnÂ
hgphgp¸p­m¡p¶p.”
]pcpjsâ ip¢kvJe\w t]mse kwt`mKmhkm\ap­m¡p
¶ H¶Ã CXv. ]pcpj ip¢¯n _oP§Ä D­v. B _oP§fpw
tbm\nbnse Cu {ZmhIhpw tNÀ¶m Ip«nIÄ D­mhpIbpanÃ.
ip¢kvJe\¯n\p ap¼v ]pcpjenwK¯nepw CXpt]mse \\hp
Å {ZmhIw {]Xy£s¸Sp¶p­v. AXpw ip¢aÃ. ssewKnI _
Ôw Ffp¸apÅXm¡p¶Xn\p th­nbpÅ Hcp kwhn[m\am
WnXv. kv{Xo ]pcpj icocimkv{Xt¯¸än Hcp hnhchpanÃm¯
JmZnÀIp«nbpsS Cu hnaÀi\w ]pd¯ph¶Xn\ptijw ]ecpw
CtX¸än F\ns¡gpXn. AhcpsSsbÃmw Adnhn\p th­n B
`mKw Aev]w hniZoIcnt¡­nbncp¶p.
‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w’ F¶ Fsâ {KÙ¯nÂ
‘JpÀ B\pw imkv{Xhpw’ F¶ Ggmw A²ymb¯nemWv JmZnÀ
Ip«nbpsS hnaÀi\¯n\pw ]cnlmk¯n\pw CSbm¡nb `mK
apÅXv.
tbm\o`n¯nIfn hgphgp¸p­m¡p¶ {ZmhIs¯¸än Rm³
H¶pw ]dªncp¶nÃ. kwt`mK¯nsâ Ahkm\¯nÂ, cXnaqÀ
ObpsS L«¯n ]pcpj³ ip¢hnkÀÖ\w \S¯p¶p. CXp
t]mse {]tXyIamb Hcp C{µnbkvJe\w kv{Xo¡nsömWv

196
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Rm³ ]dªXv. JmZnÀIp«n ]cntim[n¨ aebmf ssewKnI
hnÚm\tImi¯nepw A§s\ Ds­¶p ]dbp¶nÃ. temI{]
ikvXamb thÄUv_p¡v tlmw saUn¡Â F³sskt¢m]oUn
bbn cXnaqÀOtb¸än ]dªncn¡p¶ `mKw ChnsS hnhÀ
¯\w sNbvXp sImSp¡mw.
“cXnaqÀO (orgasam) B\µIcamb ssewKnI ]cnkam]vXn
bmWv. ]pcpj\n Cu kab¯v ip¢hnkÀÖ\hpw P\t\{µnb
`mK¯v XmfmßIamb t]io kt¦mNhpw \S¡p¶p. kv{Xobv¡m
Is« tbm\o\mf kt¦mNw D­mIp¶p.”
The world Book Illustrated Home Medical Encyclopedia, Chi-
cago, 1980, Vol. II. p. 339.
sImfw_nbm kÀhIemimebnse tUm. PÌokv sP. jnt^
gvkv No^v FUnädmbpw, temI{]ikvXcmb aäp \nch[n tUm
IvSÀamÀ FUntägvkmbpw Xbmdm¡nb Zn ^manen saUn¡Â
F³sskt¢m]nUnb \yqtbmÀ¡nse sska¬ Bâ vkvIäÀ
{]kn²oIcn¨n«p­v. AXn cXnaqÀOsb¸än ]dbp¶ `mKw
C§s\bmWv:
“cXnaqÀOþ]cnkam]vXn. ssewKntImt¯P\¯nsâ Gähpw
DbÀ¶ taJe. ]pcpj³ hnImc¯nsâ ]caImjvTbn ssew
KnImhbh¯n \n¶pw ip¢w ]pd¯p hnSp¶p. kv{XobnemIs«
ssewKnI kwXr]vXnbpsS Hcp A\p`qXnbpw hnImc kwLÀ
j¯nsâ Abhpw BWnXv. Hcp kv{Xo KÀ`nWnbmIp¶Xn\v
AhÄ¡v cXnaqÀO A\p`hs¸SWsa¶nÃ.”
The Family Medical Encyclopedia, 1974, p. 373-374.
cXnaqÀObpsS kab¯v ]pcpjt\t¸mse C{µnb kvJe\w
kv{Xobv¡pw D­mIp¶nsöpw AhÀ¡p hnImcia\w am{Xta
At¸mÄ D­mIp¶pÅq F¶pw CXn \n¶v hyàamWv. KÀ`n
WnbmIm³ kv{Xobv¡v hnImcia\wt]mepw D­mtI­ Imcy
anÃ. AÞmib¯n \n¶pw amk¯n Hcn¡Â ^tem¸nb³
Syq_phgn ]pd¯phcp¶ AÞw KÀ`]m{X¯ntem s^tem¸n
b³ Syq_ntem DÅ kab¯mWv ssewKnI_Ôw \S¡p¶
sX¦n _oPhpw AÞhpw IqSn tbmPn¡m³ km[yXbp­v.

197
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AÞw C§s\ ]pd¯phcp¶ Znhkw a\Ênem¡n B kab
¯v ssewKnI_Ô¯n \ns¶mgnbpI F¶Xv k´m\ \nb{´
W¯n\pÅ Hcp amÀKw IqSnbmWv. C{Xbpw hnhc§Ä a\ÊnÂ
sh¨p sIm­v _pJmcnbnepÅ Xmsg sImSp¡p¶ lZokv `mKw
hmbn¡pI:
“A\kv (d) Â \n¶p \nthZ\w. Xncpta\n (k) aZo\bnte
¡p h¶ hnhcw A_vZpÃm ln_v\pkeman\v hnhcw In«n.
At¸mÄ At±lw Xncpta\nbpsS ASp¡Â sN¶n«p ]dªp....
k´m\¯n\v ]nXmhnt\mSp kmZriyap­mIm³ ImcWsa´m
Wv? A{]Imcw Xs¶ k´m\§Ä¡v AhcpsS A½mh·mcp
ambn cq]kmZriyap­mIm\pw ImcWsa´mWv?” Xncpta\n Acp
fn: CXm Pn_vco C¡mcy§tf¡pdn¨v Ct¸mÄ Fs¶ Adnbn
¨pIgnªnt«bpÅq... k´m\§Ä¡v amXm]nXm¡tfmSp­mIp
¶ cq]kmZriy¯n\p ImcWw CXmWv: Hcp ]pcpj³ Hcp kv{Xo
bpambn klhkn¨p, F¶n«v Ah\mWv BZyw C{µnb kvJe\w
D­mbXv. F¶m B k´m\¯n\v ]pcpjt\mSmWv cq]kmZr
iyap­mhpI. adn¨v AhÄ¡mWv BZyw kvJe\w D­mbsX¦n
tem, AhtfmSmWv B k´m\¯n\v cq]kmZriyap­mhpI.”
(_pJmcn: 1361)
cXnaqÀObpsS Ahkm\L«¯n kv{Xo¡pw ]pcpj\pw
C{µnb kvJe\w D­mIpsa¶p ]dbp¶Xpw AXn BZyw
GXp kvJe\amtWm \S¡p¶Xv AXv ]mc¼cys¯ \nb{´n
¡psa¶pw ]dbp¶Xv XnI¨pw sXämWv. AXv Pn_vco ]dª
XmsW¶mWv apl½Zv ]dbp¶Xv. Bcp ]dªmepw AXp sXäp
Xs¶. ssewKnImhkc¯n \\hpw hgphgp¸pw tbm\o \mf
¯nep­m¡p¶ {ZmhI{kmht¯mSp Xpeyamb {ZmhI{kmhw
]pcpj enwK¯nepw D­mImdp­v. CXn\p c­n\pw KÀ`hpambn
_ÔanÃ. ]pcpjsâ _oPhpw kv{XobpsS AÞhpw IqSntbmPn
¨mWv KÀ`ap­mIp¶Xv. AhbnepÅ Po\pIfmWv ]mc¼cys¯
\nb{´n¡p¶Xv. CsXm¶pw Adnbm¯ JmZnÀIp«n, ssewKnI
hnÚm\tImi¯n tbm\o \mf¯nse {ZmhI{kmht¯¸än
hmbn¨tX ]cnlmkhpambn cwK¯nd§n. Imf s]sä¶p tI«
t¸mÄ IbsdSp¯p sIm­nd§nb hnÍnbpsS kz`mhamWnXv.
198
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
apÉow {KÙImc·mcn ]ecpw B[nImcnIambn D²cn¡p¶
Hcp ]pkvXIamWv tamdnkv _pJmbnbpsS ‘ss__nÄ, JpÀB³,
imkv{Xw.’ lZokpIfn hnhcn¡p¶ NnInÕm k{¼Zmb§
tf¸än At±lw ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
“hnhn[ tcmK§fpambn _Ôs¸« hnjb§fpsS Nne hni
ZoIcW§tfmSv C¶p tbmPn¡m³ {]bmkamWv. Ahbn Nne
Xp Xmsg ]dbmw. ]\nbpsS DZv`hw: ‘\cI¯nse NqSn \n¶p
­mIp¶XmWv ]\n’ F¶ hkvXpXbv¡p km£yw hln¡p¶
\mep {]kvXmh§Ä ImWmw. (AÂ_pJmcn, Book of Medi-
cine. Vol. VII, Chapter 28. p. 416)”
tbmPn¡m³ {]bmkamWv F¶p ]dªv _pJmbv XÅn¡
fª Cu lZokns\t]mepw \ymboIcn¨psIm­v JmZnÀIp«n
]dbp¶p: “]\nbp­mIp¶sX§s\sb¶ ioÀjI¯n Hcp
lZokv D¨cn¨v CSadpIv ]cnlkn¡m³ {ian¨v kzbw ]cnlmk
]m{Xamhp¶Xp ImWmw.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn, t]Pv.
33) CXmWv JmZnÀIp«nbpsS ssÌÂ!
CXpt]mse tIm«phmbnSp¶Xnt\¸än apl½Zp ]dªXv,
AXp ]nimNnsâ {]hr¯nbmsW¶mWv. AXp sXämsW¶pw
AXnsâ icocimkv{X]camb ImcWw F´msW¶pw Rm³
hniZoIcn¨ncp¶p. AXn\p JmZnÀIp«n F¶ hnizmkn ]dbp¶
adp]Sn tI«mepw!
“tIm«phmbv¡v icocimkv{X]camb F´p ImcW§fp­m
bmepw \memÄ IqSnbncn¡p¶ kZkn HcmÄ ‘lm’ F¶p
tIm«phmbn«p hms]mfn¡p¶Xv Ahe£Ww ]nSn¨ Hcp
ss]im NnI {]hr¯nbmsW¶v kmam\y t_m[apÅ Bcpw
AwKoI cn¡pw.” (hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn. t]Pv 34)
F§s\bncn¡p¶p hymJym\n¨v H¸n¡Â? tIm«phmbnSp¶Xv
A]acymZbmbn IW¡m¡p¶ k{¼Zmbw temI¯n FÃm
bnS¯pansöpw ]mhw JmZnÀIp«n¡v AdnbnÃ. tIm«phm
ss]imNnI {]hr¯nbmsW¦n icocimkv{X]cambn AXn
\pÅ Bhiyw krjvSn¨ (FÃmänt\bpw krjvSn¨Xv ssZham
sW¶mWtÃm JmZnÀIp«nbpsS hnizmkw) ssZhamWv B

199
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
ss]imNnI {]hr¯nbpsSbpw ImcW¡mc³ F¶p ]dtb­n
hcpsa¶p t]mepw At±lw HmÀ¯nÃ!
hnhcanÃm¯ ]e Imcy§fnepw IS¶pIbdn A`n{]mbw
]dbm³ aSn¡m¯ HcmfmWv JmZnÀIp«nsb¶v At±l¯nsâ
]e {]kvXmh\Ifpw sXfnhmWv. kz]v\w ImWp¶sX§s\
bmsW¶pÅXn\p apl½Zp ]dª Hc`n{]mbw lZoknep­v.
AXn§s\bmWv: “]cnip² kz]v\§Ä AÃmlphn¦Â \n¶p
ÅXmWv. t]¡n\mhpIÄ ]nimNn¦Â \n¶pÅXpw. \n§fnÂ
hÃh\pw `bm\Iamb hà kz]v\hpw I­p Ignªm Ah³
Xsâ CSXp`mKt¯¡v H¶p Xp¸pIbpw AXnsâ \mi¯nÂ
\n¶pw AÃmlphn¦Â A`b¯n\pth­n {]mÀ°n¡pIbpw
sNbvXpsImÅs«. F¦n AXv Ahs\ D]{Zhn¡pIbnÃ.”
(_pJmcn: 1351)
kz]v\s¯¸än F{X _meniamb A`n{]mbamWv apl½Zn
\p­mbncp¶sX¶p sXfnbn¡p¶ Hcp {]kvXmh\bmWnXv.
kz]v\w ImWpIsb¶Xv a\pjy a\Ênsâ kz`mhamsW¶v
a\ximkv{Xw sXfnbn¨n«p­v. CXn\pw hnizmknbmb JmZnÀIp
«n¡p adp]Snbp­v: “kz]v\§sf kw_Ôn¨v C{X efnXambn
]dªp hnSm³ B[p\nI imkv{Xw ]Tn¨ BÀs¡¦nepw Ignbp
tam? a\pjy a\kpIÄ hnZqc§fn \n¶p bmsXmcp am²yahpw
D]tbmKn¡msX _Ôs¸Sp¶ ‘sSen¸Xn’ Hcp imkv{XtcJbm
bn AwKoIcn¨v KthjWw \S¯ns¡m­ncn¡p¶ Hcp ImeL«
amWnXv.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn. t]Pv 36). sSen¸Xnsb
kw_Ôn¨v KthjWw \S¡p¶ps­¦nepw AXv C¶pw im
kv{Xob kXyambn AwKoIcn¨n«nà F¶ hnhcw ]mhw JmZnÀ
Ip«n AdnªnÃ. sSen¸Xnbpw kz]v\hpw X½n F´mWv _Ô
sa¶pw JmZnÀIp«n¡p ]dbm\nÃ. kz]v\ap­mIp¶Xv ssZh¯n
sâtbm ]nimNnsâtbm {]hÀ¯\^eamsW¶v hnthIapÅ
apÉo§Ät]mepw hnizkn¡psa¶p tXm¶p¶nÃ.
]m¼nsâ ZÀi\¯m KÀ`On{Zw D­mIpsa¶pw I®nsâ
ImgvN \in¡psa¶pw Hs¡ apl½Zv ]dªn«p­v. tbmPn¡m³
{]bmkamb Imcysa¶p ]dªv tamdnkv _pJmbv XÅn¡f
ªXmWXv. (ss__nÄ, JpÀ B³, imkv{Xw, t]Pv 241) ]t£,
200
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
JmZnÀIp«n F¶ ISp¯ hnizmkn¡v AXp km[n¡p¶nÃ. ]m¼p
ISntbäm th­ NnInÕ e`n¡msX acWSbpI am{Xw sN
bv Xncp¶ ImeL«¯n ]m¼pIsf I­m sIm¶pIfb
Wsa¶p \_n ]dªXn Hcp Akm[mcWXzhpanà F¶mWv
At±lw ]dbp¶Xv. AXn Akm[mcWXzaps­¶v Rm³
]dªnÃ. AÃmlp Ab¨ {]hmNI\mWp apl½sZ¦n ]m¼n
s\ I­m KÀ`w Aeknt¸mIpsa¶p ]dbpambncp¶nà F¶m
Wv Fsâ hmZw. C§s\ km[n¡pambncps¶¦n ImgvN _w¥m
hn ]m¼ns\ kq£n¡p¶ IqSn\p shfnbn KÀ`nWnIÄ
Iyq \n¡pambncp¶p. Fw.än.]n. (saUn¡Â sSÀant\j³ Hm^v
s{]á³kn) FSp¡m³ Bip]{Xnbn t]mImsX Ign¡matÃm.
JmZnÀIp«n apÉow Xs¶tbm?
JpÀB³ F¶ aX{KÙs¯¸än JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶Xpw ckI
camWv:
“JpÀB³ FÃm Imet¯¡papÅ a\pjyÀ¡pth­n BImi
¯p \n¶p \qen sI«n Cd¡nb {KÙaÃ. apl½Zp \_n (k)
bptSbpw kJm¡fptSbpw PohnX¯neqsS {]tbmKh¡cn¨
Hcp amXrIm kaqlw {InbmßIambn krjvSn¨v temI¯nsâ
ap¼n ImgvNshbv¡m³ Bhiyhpw kµÀ`hpw A\pkcn¨v
Cd§nb kqà§fpsS kamlmcamWv JpÀB³. Pohn¡p¶
Hcp kaql¯nsâ ]cnanXnIfpw km²yXIfpw IW¡nseSp¯p
sIm­pam{Xta A§s\ cwK¯p hcp¶ {KÙ¯n\v \nba§Ä
kwhn[m\n¡m³ Ignbq.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn. t]Pv
45)
ChnsSsb¯nbt¸mÄ hnizmknbmb JmZnÀIp«n JpÀB³
hN\§sf Xs¶ kwibn¡p¶p. BImi¯p \n¶p \qenÂ
sI«n Cd¡nb {KÙaà CsX¶mWtÃm JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶Xv.
Rm³ AXnt\mSp ]qÀWambn tbmPn¡p¶p. ]t£, JpÀB\nÂ
]dbp¶Xv A§s\bÃ.
“CXv (JpÀB³) {]]©]cn]meIsâ ASp¡Â \n¶p Ah
Xcn¸n¡s¸«XmWv.” (JpÀB³ 69:43)
“\nÝbambpw Cu JpÀB³ Dd¸mb kXyw Xs¶.” (JpÀ
B³ 69:51)
201
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“XnIª X{´Ú\pw FÃmw Adnbp¶h\pamb AÃmlp
hn¦Â \n¶mWv \n\¡v JpÀB³ \ÂIs¸Sp¶Xv. ” (JpÀB³
27:6)
“BImi§fnepw `qanbnepapÅ FÃm clky§fpadnbp¶
h\mWv Cu JpÀB³ AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.” (JpÀB³ 25:6)
AXpXs¶ ssZh¯nsâ ASp¡epÅ aqe{KÙ¯n \n¶p
D½p (InXm_v) ]IÀ¯nbXmsW¶pw IqSn ]dbp¶p­v. (JpÀ
B³ 43:4)
Hcp apÉow CsXÃmw hnizkn¡phm³ \nÀ_ÔnX\mWv. ]
t£, JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶Xv JpÀB³ BImi¯p \n¶p \q
en sI«nb {KÙasömWv. B \nebn At±lw CÉmw
aX¯nsâ ASnØm\ hnizmk§fn \n¶p hyXnNen¨ Bfm
sW¶p hcp¶p.
“ASna¯w HäbSn¡v Ahkm\n¸n¡m³ apl½Zv (k) am{Xw
Dt±in¨m km²yaÃmbncp¶p F¶v \mw I­p Ignªp”þ Jm
ZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶p. a\pjyÀ apgph³ AÃmlphnsâ ASnaIfm
sW¶p ]Tn¸n¡p¶ aX¯n\v ASna¯w Ahkm\n¸n¡m³
km[yaÃtÃm.
hnhmlhpw hy`nNmchpw
“hnhmlw hfsc efnXamWv CÉmanÂ. Hcp `mcyaXnbmIm¯
hÀ¡v \mep `mcyhsc CÉmw A\phZn¨ncn¡p¶p”þ F¶v JmZnÀ
Ip«n ]dbp¶p (t]Pv 48). ]t£, Hcp `À¯mhp t]msc¶p tXm
¶p¶ kv{Xobv¡v \mep `À¯m¡·mÀ BImtam? kv{XoIÄ¡v
]pcpjt\mfw ssewKnI hnImcansÃt¶m, kv{Xo AhfpsS hnIm
cw AS¡ns¡mÅWsat¶m F´mWmthm JmZnÀIp«nbpsS
\ymbw!
CÉmanI kzÀKt¯¸än JpÀB\nepw lZokpIfnepw [mcm
fw {]kvXmh\Ifp­v. AXnsâ Hcp Npcp§nb hnhcw ‘JpÀB³
Hcp hnaÀi\]T\’¯n sImSp¯ncn¡p¶p. AXns\¸än JmZnÀ
Ip«nbpsS hniZoIcWhpw GXm­v Fsâ hmZKXnItfmSp
tbmPn¡p¶XmWv. At±lw ]dbp¶p:
“hne¡pIfpw \n_Ô\IfpanÃm¯ B PohnX¯n a\p

202
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
jy³ B{Kln¡p¶ kpJ§sfÃmw e`yambncn¡pw.... acp`q
anbn Pohn¡p¶ Ad_nIsf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Xmgv`mK
¯p IqSn AcphnIÄ HgpIp¶ Hcp DZym\w apKv[amb Hcp k¦ev]
amWv. kzÀKob PohnXkmlNcys¯ hÀWn¡m³ Cu ssien
JpÀB³ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xnsâ a\ximkv{Xw AXmWv. ssewKn
I PohnX¯n Ht«sd \n_Ô\IÄ GÀs¸Sp¯p¶ CÉmw,
kzÀK¯n B{Klm`nemj§sf ]qÀ¯oIcn¡p¶ kpµchpw
B\µIchpamb kÀÆkpJ§tfmSpsam¸w Hcp ssewKnI Pohn
X¯nsâ `mh\bpw AhXcn¸n¡p¶p.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p
adp]Sn t]Pv. 49,50)
Cu kzÀK k¦ev]w shdpw `mh\bmsW¶pw B `mh\bnÂ
Xs¶ ssewKnIXbpsS AXn{]kcaps­¶pamWv Rm³ ]d
ªXv. JmZnÀIp«nbpsS kzÀKs¯¸änbpÅ `mh\ F§s\
]ptcmKan¡p¶p F¶pwIqSn Adntb­XmWv:
Cu temIt¯t¸mse kmaqly \nba§fpw sI«p]mSpIfpan
Ãm¯ Hcp kaql¯n ‘hy`nNmcw’, ‘hnhmlw XpS§nbhbv
s¡m¶pw {]kànbnÃ’ (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p ad]pSn. t]Pv
50). I¶pImenItft¸mse bmsXmcp \nb{´WhpanÃm¯
ssewKnI PohnXamWv kzÀK¯n F¶mWv JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp
¶Xv. AXns\ Rm³ ‘hy`nNmcw’ F¶p hnfn¨Xn am{Xsa
JmZnÀIp«n¡p hnjaapÅq.
“CÉman\p ap¼v kv{XoIÄ¡v ]n´pSÀ¨mhImi¯n ]¦n
Ãmbncp¶p” F¶v JmZnÀIp«n ]dbp¶p (t]Pv 55). A§s\bm
sW¦n apl½Znsâ BZy`mcy JZoP [\mVybmbsX§s\?
AhcpsS kz¯v ]n´pSÀ¨mhImiwhgn In«nbXsæn F§
s\ D­mbn?
JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn F¶ ]pkvXI¯nse Ah
km\s¯ \mev A[ymb§Ä Fsâ ]pkvXIs¯ ]cmaÀin
¡p¶XÃ. AXpsIm­v Rm³ adp]Sn ]dtb­ BhiyhpanÃ.
Hcp DW¡ hm²ymcpsS D]tZiw
‘JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯n ‘CSadpIv
imkv{Xw ]Tn¡s«’ F¶ t]cn Hcp A²ymbw D­v. AsXgpXn

203
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
bncn¡p¶Xv Hcp s{]m^kÀ bp. Pam apl½ZmWv. henb
]ÞnX\msW¶pÅ `mh¯n At±lsagpXnb Cu teJ\
¯nepÅnSt¯mfw D]cn¹hXbpw hnhc¡pdhpw asämcp teJ\
¯nepw ImWpIbp­mbnÃ. JpÀB\n imkv{X¯n\p \nc¡m
¯ ]e Imcy§fpaps­¶v Rm³ DZmlcWklnXw sXfnbn
¨ncp¶p. AXns\m¶pw adp]Sn]dbm³ Cu hm²ymÀ¡v Ignbpam
bncp¶nÃ. AXpsIm­v At±l¯nsâ hmZKXn t]mIp¶Xv
asämcp hgn¡mWv. AXv Cu DW¡hm²ymcpsS ‘]mÞnXyw’
sXfnbn¡p¶p. At±lw Ft¶¸än ]dbp¶Xv C§s\bmWv:
“{KÙImc³ (CSadpIv) _n.F.FÂ {]nenan\dn ]co£ ]mkm
bn«ps­¶v {]kvX mhn¨ncn¡p¶p. _n.F.FÂ kne_knÂ
imkv{Xhnjb§Ä DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ
¡p adp]Sn, t]Pv. 69)
Nne ]gb hm²ym·mcpsS kz`mhw AXmWv. AhÀ ¢mknÂ
]Tn¨Xv Ip«nIsf ]Tn¸n¡pw. AXn\p tijap­mIp¶ Hcp
I­p]nSn¯s¯¸änbpw ]pkvXI§tf¸änbpw AhÀ¡v hnhcap
­mhpIbnÃ. Fw.F.bv¡v Ncn{Xw sFNvOnIambn FSp¯p ]Tn
¨ HcmÄ, cmjv{Sobw ]Tn¨n«nsöpw AXpsIm­v cmjv{Sob
{]hÀ¯\w \S¯cpsX¶pw Cu IW¡n \½psS Pam hm
²ymÀ hmZnt¨¡pw. ImcWw ]Ån¡qS¯n ]Tn¨ Ime¯n\p
tijw Fs´¦nepw a\pjyÀ hmbnt¨m, aäp hn[¯ntem ]Tn¡p
sa¶v At±l¯n\v Nn´n¡phm³ km[yaÃtÃm. kv¡qfpIfnÂ
\n¶pw tImtfPpIfn \n¶pw \ap¡p In«p¶ Adnhv F{Xtbm
]cnanXamWv. XIgn inhi¦c¸nÅ h¡o ]co£bmWv ]mkm
bn«pÅsX¶pw AXnsâ kne_kn t\mhÂ, sNdpIY, XpS
§nbh DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«nsöpw AXpsIm­v At±lw Ahsbm
¶pw FgpXm³ ]mSnsöpw Ct±lw hmZnt¨¡pw. “Fsâ B
im³ ]Tn¸n¨XÃmsX asäm¶pw F\n¡dnbm³ ]mSnÔ F¶
hnizmk{]amWhpambn Ignbp¶ BfmWt±lw.
`qan Hcp hncn¸pt]mse ]c¶XmsW¶pw BImiw AXnsâ
apIfn Hcp taÂX«pt]mse \n¡p¶p F¶pw hyàambn
{]Xn]mZn¡p¶ At\Iw hmIy§Ä JpÀB\nep­v. AXnÂ
Nne hmIy§Ä Rm³ Fsâ ]pkvXI¯n D²cn¨ncp¶p.
204
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
AXn\p hm²ymÀ ]dbp¶ hnNn{Xamb adp]Sn C§s\bmWv:
“F¶m Xm³ D²cn¨ncn¡p¶ JpÀB³ hN\§Ä B[p\nI
imkv{Xw icnsh¨p Ignªncn¡p¶p F¶pÅ hkvXpX CSadpIv
Adnªn«nÔ (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn þ t]Pv 65). CXp
tI«m tXm¶pw, `qan ]c¶XmsW¶pw BImiw ta¯«m
sW¶psams¡ imkv{Xw k½Xn¨p Ignªp F¶v.
`qan ]c¶XmsW¶p hyàambn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶ \nch[n
hmIy§Ä JpÀB\nepÅXn 11 hmIy§Ä Rm³ D²cn¨ncp
¶p. AXn Hcp hmIysaSp¯v kz´w hymJym\w \ÂIn hm
²ymÀ c£s]Sm³ {ian¡p¶p. B hmIyw CXmWv:
“`qansb \mw ]c¯nbnSpIbpw I\¯ ]ÀÆX§Ä AXnÂ
Øm]n¡pIbpw FÃm hkvXp¡sfbpw hyhØnXamb tXmXnÂ
AXn \mw apf¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.” (JpÀB³ 15:19)
CXv kn.F³. Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖabmWv. Sn.sI.
A_vZpÃmauehnbpsS XÀÖa C§s\bmWv:
“`qansb \mw hncn¡pIbpw Dd¨Xmb ]ÀÆX§sf \mw A
Xn \nt£]n¡pIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.”
CXn\p hm²ymÀ \ÂIp¶ hymJym\w ckIcamWv:
“Cu hmIyw Aimkv{XobamsW¶v At±lw sXän²cn¡p
hm³ ImcWw Cu hmNI¯n `qanbpsS BIrXntb¸änbmWv
]dbp¶Xv F¶t±lw IcpXnbXpsIm­mbncn¡mw. F¶mÂ
Cu hmIy¯n `qanbpsS {]IrXnsb¡pdn¨mWv {]Xn]mZn¡p
¶Xv. `qanbpsS DÆmhNs¯, D]cnXe {]IrXn (Relief)sb¸än
bmWv ChnsS {]Xn]mZn¨ncn¡p¶sX¶v H¶pIqSn BtemNn
¨m a\Ênem¡mhp¶sXbpÅp. BIrXntb¸änbmbncps¶
¦n `qan ]c¶ncn¡p¶ Imcyhpw D]cnXe¯n ImWp¶
]ÀÆX¯nsâ Imcyhpw kky§sf apf¸n¡p¶ Imcyhpw ]dtb
­ BhiyanÃ.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn. t]Pv. 65þ66)
CsX{X _meniamb Ipcp«phmZamsW¶v Aev]w ]cntim[n
¨m hyàamIpw. Cu kqdbnse 16 apX 25þhscbpÅ hmIy
§sf kn.F³. Al½Zv auehn ‘AÃmlphnsâ I¿nemWv \nb
{´Wm[nImc§Ä’ F¶ k_vslUnwKn\p XmsgbmWv sImSp
¯ncn¡p¶Xv . ssZhamWv FÃmw \nb{´n¡p¶Xv F¶p
205
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Øm]n¡p¶XmWv B hmIy§Ä. FÃmsa¶pÅXpsIm­v
Al½Zv auehn sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ k_vslUnwKv icnbmWv.
\½psS hm²ymtc¡mÄ Al½Zv auehn¡v JpÀB³ Adnbm
sa¶v CXp sXfnbn¡p¶p. `qanbpsS {]IrXntbtbm, BIrXn
tbtbm hnhcn¡p¶Xn\pth­nbà apl½Zv Cu `mKw FgpXn
bXv. AÃmlp sNbvX ]e Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v kmµÀ`nIambn
At±lw ]dbp¶p Ft¶bpÅq. 16 apXepÅ hmIy§fpsS Npcp
¡anXmWv.
“BImi¯p ]e \£{X§tfbpw Øm]n¡pIbpw ImWn
IÄ¡v AewIrXam¡nshbv¡pIbpw sNbvXp. FÃm ]nimNp
¡fn \n¶pw BImis¯ kpc£nXam¡n sh¨p. `qansb ]c
¯nbnSpIbpw I\¯ ]ÀhX§fn AXn Øm]n¡pIbpw
FÃm hkvXp¡sfbpw AXn apf¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. PohPme
§fpsS Blmcw Hcp¡nsh¨p. ImäpIsf Abbv¡pIbpw BIm
i¯p \n¶p ag s]¿n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.”
C§s\ t]mIp¶p, B hmIy§Ä. ChnsS `qanbpsS {]IrXn
hÀWn¡pIbmWp sN¿p¶sX¶v Pam ]dbp¶Xv ASnØm\
clnXamWv. AÃmlp sN¿p¶ Imcy§fmWv hnhcn¡p¶Xv.
‘`qansb ]c¯nbn«Xv’ At±lw sNbvX Hcp Imcyambn«mWv
ChnsS ]dbp¶Xv. km[mcW¡mÀ¡v a\ÊnemImXncn¡m\pw
]mÞnXyw {]ISn¸n¡m\pw th­n hm²ymÀ ChnsS Hcp X{´w
{]tbmKn¨n«p­v. ‘`qanbpsS DÆmhNw’, D]cnXe {]IrXn (Re-
lief) F¶n §s\ H¶p c­p hm¡pIÄ A\mhiyambn AhnsS
Ip¯n¯ncpIn ]mÞnXy {]IS\w \S¯m\mWv {iaw. hm²ymÀ
B{iaw XpScp¶Xp t\m¡pI:
“]ÀÆX§fpsS LS\tb¸änbpw k´penXmhØ (Isoslatic
balance) sb¸änbpw 1889 apXÂt¡ `qKÀ`imkv{Xw (Geology),
`qanbpsS Afhpambn _Ôs¸« PntbmUkn (Geodesy), `qhn
hcW imkv{Xw (Geography) F¶o imkv{X hn`mK§Ä \S
¯nb I­p]nSn¯§tf¸änbpw CSadpIv ]Tn¡mXncp¶XpsIm
­mWv JpÀB\n ]ÀÆX§sf¸än ]dbp¶ `mK§Ä Aimkv
{XobamsW¶v At±l¯n\p tXm¶nbXv. (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ
¡p adp]Sn, t]Pv 66þ67)
206
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Cu hI hnjb§tf¸än Rm³ ]Tn¨n«nsöv Cu hm²ymÀ
F§s\ Adntªm Bthm? ]Ån¡qS¯n ]Tn¨Xp am{Xta
]Tn¡q F¶ hmin¡mc\mbXpsIm­mhmw C§s\ IcpXm³
At±ls¯ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. XpSÀ¶v At±lw ]dbp¶Xv hnNn{X
amb Hcp hnhcamWv AXv. At±l¯nsâ hm¡pIfn Xs¶
D²cn¡mw.
“aebpsS apIfn ImWp¶ `mK§sf¡mÄ henb Hmtcm
`mKw `qanbpsS apIÄ ]c¸n\p Xmsgbp­v. aeIÄ¡v thcpIÄ
Ds­¶mWv taÂ]dª imkv{X¯nsâ hàm¡Ä I­p]nSn
¨ncn¡p¶Xv. imkv{XImc·mÀ ]dbp¶ thcpIÄ F¶ hm¡nt\
¡mÄ IqSpX A\ptbmPyambXv JpÀB\n ]dªncn¡p¶
BWn F¶ hm¡mWv.” (JpÀB³ hnaÀiIÀ¡p adp]Sn t]Pv,7)
CXp tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ ]ÀhX§Ä D­mIp¶sX§ns\bm
sW¶dnbm¯ km[mcW¡mÀ¡v kwibw tXm¶mw. hm²ymÀ
¡v CXn Ihnª B{Klaps­¶p tXm¶p¶nÃ. AsænÂ
BWnt]mse `qanbn Xd¨p\ndp¯nbncn¡p¶XmWv ]ÀÆX
§Ä F¶p ]dbpambncp¶nÃ. DZv`h¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ
]ÀÆX§sf \membn Xncn¡mdp­v. Aán ]ÀÆX§fpsS ^e
ambn D­mbhbmWv AXn Hcp hn`mKw. `qanbpsS A´À`mK
¯p \n¶pÅ XÅ aqew {ItaW DbÀ¶phcp¶ aeIfmWnh.
CXn NneXv s]m«ns¯dn¡psa¦nepw emh hoWv aeIÄ Db
cpw. aS¡p ]ÀÆX§Ä (Fold Mountains) BWv asämcn\w.
`qanbpsS ]pdt´mSnep­mb amä§fpsS ^eambn«v A©ptImSn
sImçġp ap¼mWv C¯cw ]ÀÆX§fn ]eXpw DZv`hn¨
sX¶v temI{]ikvX `qanimkv{XÚ\mb s{]m^kÀ F¨v.sP.
s¹bqsd ]dbp¶p. tdm¡okv, B³sUkv, lnamebw, BÂ]vkv
XpS§nb ]ÀÆX§sfÃmw A§s\ D­mbXmWv. Pqdm ]ÀÆXw
aS¡p ]ÀÆX§fpsS Hcp \Ã DZmlcWambn IcpXs¸Sp¶p.
t»m¡v au­³kv (Block Mountains) BWv aq¶mas¯ C\w.
`qanbpsS ]pdwtXmSnep­mIp¶ s]m«ensâ ^eambn Nne
`mK§Ä XmgpIbpw aäp Nne `mK§Ä DbcpIbpw sN¿pw. G
Xm­v 500 ssa \ofapÅ knsbdm s\hmUm ]ÀÆXw Cu
hn`mK¯nÂs¸Spw. AhinjvS]ÀÆX§Ä (Residual Mountains)
207
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
BWv \memas¯ C\w. \Zn Ip¯nsbmen¨p aäp Ipsd `mKw
t]mbXn\p tijw \n¡p¶ DbÀ¶ {]tZi§fmWv C¯cw
]ÀÆX§Ä. \yqtbmÀ¡nse ImSvkvIn aeIÄ C¯c¯nÂ
s]« ]ÀÆX§fpsS H¶m´cw DZmlcW§fmWv. kvtImSve
ânse DbÀ¶ {]tZi§fpw Cu hn`mK¯n s]Spw.
C§s\bpÅ \mepXcw ]ÀÆX§Ä¡pw BWnIfpw thcpI
fpsam¶pw DÅXmbn `qanimkv{XImc·mÀ ]dbp¶nÃ. Nne ]ÀÆ
X§Ä ISen\Snbn t]mepap­v. Ac \qäm­n\p aps¼ gpXnb
hà ]g©³ ]pkvXI§Ä B[mcam¡nbmbncn¡Ww PamÂ
C¯cw hnUvVn¯w FgpXnbXv. ^m_À, F¨v.F. IymbÂ
tPmÀPv UmÀhn³, HmÌn³ anÃÀ, FÌn³ Chm³kv, sIm¶¯v
lmsc, dpUvtamkv {_u¬ XpS§n \nch[n `qanimkv{XImc·mÀ
C¯cw hnjb§sf¸än FgpXnbn«p­v. A¯cw {KÙ§Ä
hmbn¨Xn\ptijw th­nbncp¶p Pam `qanimkv{Xs¯¸än
B[nImcnIambn FgpXm³. Cu hnZzm³ Hcp s{]m^kdmsW¶p
ImWp¶p. AÃmlp `qanbn ASn¨nd¡nbncn¡p¶ BWnI
fmWv ]ÀÆX§sf¶p ]dbp¶ Cu a\pjy³ GXp tImtfPnse
s{]m^kÀ BsW¶v F\n¡dnbnÃ. At±l¯nsâ hnZymÀ°n
IfpsS ImcytamÀ¡pt¼mÄ F\n¡v ZpxJw tXm¶p¶p

208
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

CSadpIn\v Hcp adp]Sn

‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ F¶ IrXn¡v Gähpw HSphnÂ
adp]Sn FgpXnbXv Fkv.Fw. X§Ä, \mZ]pcw BWv. aäpÅ
Nnesct¸mse ]mÞnXy {]IS\sam¶pw At±lw \S¯p¶nÃ.
Hcp ip² \m«p¼pd¯pImc³ hnizmknbmWv X§Ä F¶p tXm
¶p¶p. “CsXgpXphm³ D]tbmKn¨ B[nImcnI {KÙw {][m\
ambpw CSadpInsâ ‘JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w’ Xs¶bmWv.
_m¡nbpÅ `mKw Fsâ sNdnb HmÀ½bn \n¶pw FSps¯
gpXnbXmWv. AXpsIm­v {KÙ¡pdn¸pIÄ H¶pw CXn Fgp
XmXncp¶XmWv” F¶v At±lw BapJ¯n ]dbp¶p­v.
Imcyamb {KÙ]cnNbtam hnZym`ymktam DÅ BfmWv X§Ä
F¶v ]pkvXIw hmbn¨m tXm¶pIbnÃ. F¦nepw Hcp acymZ
At±lw ImWn¨p. {]kn²oIcn¨ DSs\ Hcp tIm¸n F\n¡b¨p
X¶p. Fkv.Fw. X§Ä Ignªm C. XmlnÀ am{XamWv B
acymZ ImWn¨Xv. aäpÅhcpsS ]pkvXI§Ä Rm³ Xs¶ tXSn
¸nSnt¡­n h¶p.
Fkv.Fw. X§fpsS IrXnbn adp]Sn ]dtb­ Hcp t]mbn
âpw CÃ. Nne Btcm]W§Ä, sXän²mcWIÄ F¶nhbmWv
At±l¯n\pÅXv. ip² {KmaoW`mjbn AXp ]dbp¶p:
“CbmÄ Atd_ybn k©cn¨n«nÃ, s]mSn I­Xmbn ]pkv
XI¯n ]dªn«panÃ. ]ns¶tbm CÉmanI Ncn{XImc·mÀ
FgpXnb bm{XmIpdn¸pIsfbpw aäp Nne hnhc§sfbpw am{Xta
tPmk^v AhÀIÄ hnebncp¯nbn«pÅq F¶p ]dbmw.”(t]Pv.1)
Atd_ysb¸än s]mXphmbn a\Ênem¡msX CÉmwaX
t¯bpw apl½Znt\bpw ]än ]Tn¡m³ km[yaÃ. AXpsIm
­mWv Fsâ ]pkvXI¯nsâ Bcw`¯n AXp hnhcn¡p¶Xv.
A{Xbpw hnhc§Ä FgpXm³ Atd_ybn t]mIWsa¶nÃ.
209
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
]t£, X§Ä IcpXp¶Xpt]mse Atd_y kµÀin¡m¯ Hcm
fà Rm³. a[y]uckvXy tZi§fnse ]e cmPy§fnepsa¶
Xpt]mse Xs¶ Atd_ybnepw t]mIm³ F\n¡v kuIcyw
In«nbn«p­v.
X§fpsS asämcp A`n{]mbw tIÄ¡pI:
“{]hmNI ]Zhn AÃmlp \ÂInbXmWv. AXp apl½Zp
\_n (k:A)bv¡p Xs¶ \ÂInbXmWv. AXnsâ HchØbpw
asämcmÄ¡pw A\p`hkm[yaÃ. C¯cw Imcy§fn apÉoaÃm
¯ Xm¦Ä¡v H¶pw A\p`hn¸n¡m³ IgnbpIbnÃ.”(t]Pv 6)
AÃmlp, {]hmNI ]Zhn XpS§nbhsbms¡ shdpw AÔhn
izmk§fmWv. C¯cw AÔhnizmk§fmIp¶ I©mthm Idp
t¸m Ign¨hÀ¡v ]eXpw tXm¶pw. AXp Ign¡m¯hÀ¡v Ch
cpsS {]hr¯nIfn ]eXpw hnUvVn¯ambn tXm¶psat¶
bpÅq. aäp apÉow hnaÀiI·msct¸mse lZokpIfn Aimkv
{Xobambn ImWp¶Xn\m NneXns\sb¦nepw XÅn¡fbm
\pw X§Ä XbmdnÃ. At±l¯nsâ Nne A`n{]mb§Ä Xmsg
sImSp¡p¶p.
“aq¶p Ip«nIÄ acn¨m kzÀKw B Ip«nIfpsS c£nXm
¡Ä¡ps­¶v \_n (k:A) AcpÄ sNbvXXpw icnXs¶.
]s£, c£nXm¡Ä apÉow Bbncn¡Ww.” (t]Pv. 21)
“]nimNns\¸än \_n ]Tn¸n¨Xv ]nimNv a\pjysâ cà[an
\nbn¡qSn k©cn¡pw F¶mWv. ]nimNv k©cn¡pt¼mÄ
icoc¯n amä§Ä D­mIpw.” (t]Pv 32)
“tkmZc, tPmkt^ AhnsS (kzÀK¯nÂ)bpÅ lqdnIÄ
ChnSs¯ kv{XoIsf¡mÄ (acWm\´c PohnX¯nÂ) anI¨h
cmsW¶p [cn¡cpXv. ChnsS \n¶p acWs¸Sp¶ kv{XoIÄ
Gähpw AgImÀ¶ kzÀKhmknIfmWv.... ]pcpj·mÀ¡v AhcpsS
kv{XoIsfbpw lqdnIsfbpw AÃmlp \ÂIpw. Ip«nIfpsS ssI
bn ]m{X§Ä D­v. AgIpÅ ]m{X§Ä. AXn aZyhpap­v.
CjvSs¸Spt¼mÄ hm§n¡pSn¡mw.” (t]Pv 41)
“kzÀK¯nse hnbÀ¸v CSadpIp hmZn¡pwt]mse hnkÀP\
s]mcpfÃ. B hnbÀ¸nsâ hmk\ IkvXqcntb¡mfpw AXnib
apÅ hmk\bmWv.” (t]Pv 42)
210
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“kzÀK¯nse hnbÀ¸n\v IkvXqcntb¡mfpw aäpw AXnib
apÅ hmk\bmWv.” (t]Pv 42)
hnbÀ¸n\v IvkvXqcntb¡mÄ aWap­s{X! At¸mÄ kzÀK
¯nse Xo«¯n\pw aq{X¯n\pw AXn IqSpX aWw ImWpa
tÃm. Fkv.Fw. X§tft¸mepÅhÀ kzÀK¯n sN¶m Cu
‘Znhy’ hkvX p¡Ä tiJcn¡p¶ sXmgn GsäSp¡pambncn
¡mw!
C\n {ioam³ X§fpsS kzÀK¯nse Gähpw henb kpJ
sa´msW¶p IqSn Adntb­XmWv. At±lw ]dbp¶Xv ]ctam
¶XkpJw {kjvSmhns\ ZÀin¡emWv. kzÀKw A\´ambn
\ne\n¡psa¶mWtÃm hnizmkw. Hcmsf t\m¡ns¡m­v A\
´ambn Ccn¡pI F¶p ]dªm AsX{X henb kpJambn
BZyw tXm¶nbmepw ]ns¶ Gähpw henb \cIambn¯ocpI
bntÃ?
CsXms¡ X§fpsS hnizmk§fmWv. Fs´Ãmw aSb¯c
§Ä hnizkn¡phm\pw BfpIÄ¡v kzmX{´yap­v. inhenw
KamsW¶p hnizkn¨v Icn¦Ãns\ ]qPn¡p¶hcpw CXnt\mSp
kmayapÅ kzÀKcmPys¯¸än ]dbmdp­v. AXhcpsS hnizm
kw. sXfnhnÃmsX AÔambn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ A§s\ B
izmkw sImÅs«.
X§fpsS thymtamlw
CÉmw aXw B[n]Xyw t\Snb Hcp cmPy¯pw kzX{´Nn´
A\phZn¡mdnÃ. CÉmwaX¯ns\Xncmtbm JpÀB\v FXncm
tbm Bsc¦nepw Fs´¦nepw ]dªm apÉow `cWm[nIm
cnIÄ \nÀ±bw Ahsc sIm¶pIfbpIbmWv ]Xnhv. B k{¼
Zmbw C³Uybnepw sIm­phcWsa¶mWv X§fpsS A`n
{]mbw. At±lw ]dbp¶p:
“GXmbmepw kÀhmZchp t\Snb hyàntbtbm AXpt]m
epÅ Imcy§fntem þ Ahtlf\w \S¯nbmepw Pev]\§Ä
krjvSn¨p hn«mepw icn¡pw hnNmcW \S¯n icnbmb cq]
¯n sXfnshSp¯v P\hn[n \S¸mt¡­XmWv. A¯cw Imcy
§fn \nbaw ssIbnensænepw \nba§Ä sIm­phtc­

211
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
XpamWv. AXp P\lnXambncn¡pw. (t]Pv 32)
C³Uy aX\nct]£X AwKoIcn¨n«pÅ cmPyamWv. ChnS
s¯ P\§fn shdpw 20 iXam\amWv apÉo§fpsS kwJy.
F¶n«pt]mepw kzX{´ Nn´Isc in£n¡Wsa¶mWv X§
fpsS B{Klw. ‘P\hn[n’ \S¸m¡Wsa¶p X§Ä ]dbp¶p.
`qcn]£¯nsâ A`n{]mba\pkcn¨mWv Imcy§Ä Xocpam\n¡
s¸Sp¶sX¦n X§fpw At±l¯nsâ aX¡mcpw C³UybnÂ
tijn¡pambncp¶nÃ. _lp`qcn]£¡mcmb lnµp¡fpsS
hnimea\kv¡XsIm­mWv \yq\]£¡mcmb apÉo§Ä Chn
sS kÀÆkzmX{´yt¯mSpw IqSn Ignbp¶Xv. Hscmä CÉmanI
cmjv{S¯nse¦nepw a\pjy\v A`n{]mb kzmX{´yapt­m? Chn
sS lnµpaXs¯ hnaÀin¨psIm­v Fs´Ãmw ]pkvXI§Ä
apÉo§Ä FgpXnbn«p­v. X§fpsS aXamb CÉmw `cWw \S
¯p¶ GsX¦nepw cmjv{S¯nÂ, B aXs¯ hnaÀin¡p¶
Hcp ]pkvXIw {]kn²oIcn¡m³ kzmX{´yapt­m? kDZn Atd
_ybntem atäsX¦nepw apÉow cmPyt¯m lnµpaXtam {InkvXp
aXtam {]Ncn¸n¡m³ kzmX{´yapt­m? A`n{]mbkzm{´yw
A\phZn¡m¯ {]mIrX·mcpsS aXwt]mepw ChnsS {]Ncn¸n
¡p¶Xn\v XSÊansöpw IqSn HmÀ¡Ww.
Hcp \yq\]£ aX¯nsâ A\pbmbn BsW¦nepw kzX{´
Nn´sb in£n¡m³ Ignbp¶nÃtÃm F¶p X§Ä tJZn¡p¶p.
ChcmWs{X a\pjykmtlmZcy¯nsâbpw ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw
hàm¡Ä!

212
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

bpànhmZnIfpw CÉmapw
CÉmanIv ]»njowKv lukv, tImgnt¡mSp {]kn²oIcn¨ ‘bpàn
hmZnIfpw CÉmapw’ 316 t]PpÅ Hcp _rlZv {KÙamWv. tNµaw
Kew CÉmanb tImtfPnsâ {]n³kn¸emWv CXnsâ {KÙImc
\mb Hm. A_vZpÀ dlvam³. Fsâ JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\ ]T\w,
tUm. C.hn. Dkvam³ tImbbpsS ‘apÉow hÀKobX C³Uy³
cmjv{Sob¯nÂ’, k\Â CSadpInsâ ‘bpànNn´’ F¶o ]pkvX
I§fnse hnaÀi\§Ä¡mWv adp]Sn ]dbm³ {ian¨n«pÅXv.
bpànhmZn¡p adp]Sn ]dbm³ ap¼p {ian¨ ]e am\y·mcpw
D]tbmKn¨ AtX hmZKXnIfpw sXfnhpIfpsams¡bmWv At±
lhpw CXn FSp¯p \nc¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. AXn ]eXn\pw
Rm³ ap³ ]pkvXI§Ä¡pÅ adp]SnIfn D¯cw ]dªn«p
­v. Ah ChnsS BhÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ.
A_vZpÀ dlvam³ Hcp tImtfPv {]n³kn¸emsW¶v {KÙmcw`
¯n sImSp¯ncp¶XpsIm­v Kuch]qÀWamb Hcp adp]Snbm
bncn¡pw CsX¶p IcpXnbmWv Rm³ hmbn¡m³ Bcw`n¨Xv.
]t£, F\n¡v XnIª \ncmibmWv A\p`hs¸«Xv. ]pkvXI
¯n h¶ A¨Sn¸niIns\t¸mepw Ibdn¸nSn¨v Bt£]n¡p
hm\mWv At±lw {ian¨Xv. apl½Znsâ sh¸m«nbmb amcnb
¯p In_v¯n¿bpsS t]cv A¨Sn¨t¸mÄ Hcp Øe¯v B
t]cn\nSbv¡v Hcp tIma h¶p t]mbn. B ]pkvXI¯nsâ asäm
cp `mK¯v tImam CÃmsX Xs¶ B t]cv A¨Sn¡pIbpw sNbv
Xncp¶p. AXv At±lw I­nsöp \Sn¨p. hnaÀi\§Ä¡v
adp]Sn ]dbp¶ Iq«¯nÂ, bpànhmZnIsfÃmw IayqWnÌpIm
tcm AhcpsS klbm{XnItcm BsW¶v k¦ev]n¨psIm­v
djybnepw ssN\bnepw \S¡p¶ Imcy§Ä D²cn¨v \ymboI
cWw \ÂIm³ {ian¡p¶p. bpànhmZn{]Øm\¯nsâ {]hÀ
213
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¯\w temI¯n F§s\bmWv \S¡p¶sX¶v Hcp tImtfPv
A[ym]I\mb At±lw Adntb­Xmbncp¶p. _À{Sâ v dkÂ,
F.sP. AbÀ, slIväÀ tlm«³. amUen³ apsd H lbÀ XpS§n
b temI{]ikvX bpànhmZnIfn Bcpw IayqWnÌpImcÃ.
P\m[n]Xy¯nepw am\hnIXbnepw hnizkn¡p¶hcmWv
bpànhmZnIÄ. bYmÀ° bpànhmZw F´msW¶v Adnbm¯
NneÀ tIcf¯nÂ, amÀIvknkhpw bpànhmZhpw H¶msW¶p
]dªp \S¡p¶Xv am{Xta A_v ZpÀ dlva m³ tI«n«pÅq.
C³Uybnse Xs¶ {]apJ bpànhmZnIfmbncp¶ Fw.F³.
tdmbn, tUm. ]dm©v ss], C.hn. cmakzman, Fkv. cma\mY³
XpS§nbhcpw amÀIvknÌpImcmbncp¶nÃ. GIm[n]Xyw, kÀhm
[n]Xyw XpS§nbhsb FXnÀ¡p¶hcmWv bpànhmZnIÄ.
apl½ZmWv Ahkm\s¯ {]hmNI³ F¶v apÉo§Ä ]dbp
¶Xpt]mse, ImÄ amÀIvkmWv XXzimkv{X¯n Ahkm\
s¯ hm¡p ]dªXv F¶v amÀIvknÌpImcpw ]dbp¶p. CXp
c­pw Hcpt]msebmWv. apÉow {]Øm\§fpw amÀIvknÌpIm
cpw X½n cmjv{Sob kJyw t]mepap­v. C³Uybn bpànhm
Zn {]Øm\s¯ FXnÀ¡p¶Xn AhÀ c­pt]cpw kJy¯n
emWpXm\pw. CXv A_vZpÀ dlvam\pw Adnbmsa¶v C.Fw.Fkv
F\ns¡Xncmbn FgpXnb teJ\¯n \n¶pw D²cn¡p¶XnÂ
\n¶v a\Ênem¡mw. F¦nepw bpànhmZ{]Øm\s¯ Hcp
IayqWnÌp {]Øm\am¡n Nn{XoIcn¡m³ At±lw an\s¡Sp
¶p. AXp icnbsöpw, bpànhmZ{]Øm\w P\m[n]Xy¯n
epw am\hnIXbnepw ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nb Hcp \thm°m\
{]Øm\amsW¶pw BZyta Xs¶ hyàam¡s«.
R§sf A_vZpÀ dlvam\v a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbmsX t]mb
Xnsâ Hcp ImcWw AXmsW¶v F\n¡p tXm¶p¶p. hn{Klmcm
[\sb¸än ]dbpt¼mÄ AXp IqSpX shfnhmIp¶p­v. At±
lw ]dbp¶p:
“hnNn{Xsa¶p ]dbs«, bpànhmZ¯nsâ AXn{]kcw aqew
GIssZhs¯t]mepw AwKoIcn¡m³ IgnbmsX t]mb hnaÀ
iI³ (CSadpIv) Ad_nIÄ ]qPn¨ncp¶ \nch[n hn{Kl§sf

214
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
{]hmNI³ XIÀ¯p IfªXn [À½tcmjw sImÅp¶p.”
(t]Pv 4)
hn{Kl§Ä¡v Hcp iànbpansöpw Ahsb ]qPn¡p¶hÀ
hnÍnIfmsW¶papÅ A`n{]mbamWv F\n¡pÅXv. ]t£,
Bsc¦nepw AdnhnÃmbvasIm­v hn{Kl]qP \S¯p¶ps­
¦n B hn{Kl§sf XIÀ¡p¶Xv sXämsW¶v Rm³ IcpXp
¶p. hn{Kl]qP sXämsW¶p \ap¡p ]dbmw. AÃmsX Abmfp
sS hyànkzmX{´y¯n ssI IS¯p¶Xv icnbÃ. ssZh
hnizmk¯nsâ Imcy¯nepw bpànhmZnIfpsS \ne]mSv AXm
Wv. GI ssZh hnizmkhpw _lpssZh hnizkhpw Htc \mWb
¯nsâ c­p hi§Ä Xs¶bmWv. XnIª AÔhnizmkhpw.
]t£, GIssZhs¯tbm _lpssZh§sftbm Bcm[n¡W
sa¶v BÀs¡¦nepw tXm¶nbm AhÀ AXp sN¿s«. AXp
\ntcm[n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. C³Uybn GsX¦nepw lnµp hÀKob
]mÀ«n A[nImc¯n h¶n«v CÉmw aXs¯ \ntcm[n¨mÂ,
apÉo§fpsS hnizmk kzmX{´y¯n\pth­n bpànhmZnIÄ
]S s]mcpXpw. AXpt]mseXs¶ GsX¦nepw hn[¯n ChnsS
Hcp apÉow `cWw D­mhpIbpw lnµp¡fpsS hn{Kl§sfÃmw
XIÀ¡Wsa¶p Xocpam\n¡pIbpw sNbvXmepw R§Ä AXn
s\Xncmbn kacw sN¿pw. Cu hnime ho£Ww temI¯nÂ
D­mIWsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶hcmWv bpànhmZnIÄ.
tkmhyäp djy, ssN\ XpS§nb IayqWnÌv cmPy§fnÂ
]uc³amÀ¡v Kh¬saâns\ hnaÀin¡m³ A[nImctam AhIm
itam CÃ. A§s\ sN¿p¶hsc AhÀ in£n¡p¶p. apÉow
cmPy§fnepw ]uc·mÀ¡v Kh¬saâns\ hnaÀin¡phm³
]mSnÃ. AhnS§fn HcmÄ CÉmw aX{KÙamb ‘JpÀB³’
hnaÀi \hnt[bam¡nbm in£n¡s¸Spw. IayqWnÌv cmPy
§fn amÀIvknks¯ FXnÀ¯mepw AXmbncn¡pw A\p`hw.
bpànhmZnIÄ CXns\ c­nt\bpw Hcpt]msebmWv ImWp
¶Xv. imkv{Xt_m[w, hyànkzmX{´yw, P\m[n]Xyw, am\hn
IX. klnjvWpX F¶nhbmWv bpànhmZ¯nsâ ASnØm\
{]amW§Ä. ASnaXz¯n\pw kv{XoIsf Xcw Xmgv¯p¶Xn\pw,
{Iqcamb in£mk{¼Zmb§Ä¡pw NqjW§Ä¡pw FXncmbn
215
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
{]hÀ¯n¡phm³ R§sf t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xv Cu Bib§fmWv.
Ncn{Xt¯mSpÅ kao]\coXn
A_vZpÀ dlvamsâ Ncn{X ho£W¯n\pw Nne Ipg¸§fps­
¶p ]dbmsX XcanÃ. At±lw ]dbp¶p:
“temI¯p P\n¨ H¶mas¯ a\pjy\mb BZw Xs¶ GI
ssZh hnizmknbmbncp¶p F¶pw, GIssZh hnizmkambncp¶p
\qlv (t\ml), C{Zokv (Ct\mIv), C{_mlnw (A{_lmw), bm
¡q_v, bqk^v (tPmk^v), aqk (tamsi), Cukm (tbip) XpS
§nb FÃm {]hmNIcptSbpw auenI {]t_m[\sa¶pw DZvtLm
jn¡p¶ aXamWv CÉmw.” (bpànhmZnIfpw CÉmapw, t]Pv 2)
“temI¯p P\n¨ H¶mas¯ a\pjy\mWv BZ.”sa¶v Hcp
tImtfPv A[ym]I³ ]dbp¶Xp tI¡pt¼mÄ F\n¡v AZv`p
Xw tXm¶p¶p. skanänIv ]pcmW§Ä AwKoIcn¡p¶ bqZ·mÀ,
{InkvXym\nIÄ, apÉo§Ä F¶nhcpsS aX{KÙ§fneÃmsX
BZs¯ BZna a\pjy\mbn GsX¦nepw Ncn{X¯n hnhcn
¡p¶pt­m? lnµp¡fpsS ]pcmWIYm]m{X§fmb sshhkz
Xa\p, hnjvWp, inh³, `oa³, AÀÖp\³ XpS§nbhtct¸mepÅ
shdpw sI«pIYbnse \mbI·mcmWv tamsi, A{_lmw, bm
¡q_v, tbip XpS§nbhcpw. Chscm¶pw Pohn¨ncp¶ hyànI
fmsW¶v Øm]n¡phm³ Hcp Ncn{XImc\pw IgnbpIbnÃ. AÔ
amb aXhnizmkwsIm­v ]pcmW IYIsf Ncn{Xambn ImWpI
bmWv At±lw. Ncn{X]pcpj\mb apl½Zns\ IqSn B sI«pI
Ybnse \mbI·mcpsS Iq«¯n At±lw tNÀ¡p¶p. AXv
icnbmbnÃ.
apl½Zv {]hmNIt\m?
apl½Zv Hcp {]hmNI\mbncp¶p F¶pw AÃmlphnsâ \nÀt±
i{]ImcamWv At±lw {]hÀ¯n¨sX¶pw Pn_vcn F¶ ae¡v
At±l¯n\v ‘JpÀB³’ HmXns¡mSp¯p F¶psams¡ apÉo
§Ä hnizkn¡p¶p. ssZhw, amemJ, (ae¡v), ]nimNv, Pn¶v,
`qXw, t{]Xw, Nm¯³ XpS§nbhsbms¡ a\pjysâ `mh\bnÂ
cq]wsIm­XmWv. A¯c¯n s]« GsX¦nepsam¶v DÅ
Xmbn IcpXphm³ \ap¡v Hcp sXfnhpIfpanÃ. ZnhyZÀi\§Ä
216
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
hgn ssZhw, ae¡v, ]nimNv XpS§nbhsb I­Xmbn NneÀ
AhImis¸Sp¶p. C¯cw sXämb A\p`h§sf at\m{`aw,
ambnI{`aw, k¦ev]m\p`hw F¶n§s\ aq¶mbn a\ximkv{XIm
c·mÀ Xncn¡p¶p. imcocnItcmK§ÄsIm­pw XpSÀ¨bmb
[ym\w, tbmKm`ymkw, elcn XpS§nbhsIm­pw ]eÀ¡pw
C¯cw {`a§Ä D­mImdp­v. tUmIvSÀ BÂ_ÀSvkv tlm^v
am³ Hcn¡Â AdnbmsX Aev]w FÂ.Fkv.Un hmXIw hen¨p.
DSs\ Xs¶ tlm^vam\v XeNpä A\p`hs¸«p. Hcp kz]v\¯n
se¶t]mse At±lw ho«ntebv¡p \S¶p. Cu A\p`hs¯
¸än tlm^vam³ ]n¶oSv C§s\ FgpXn:
“Fsâ Bßmhv icoc¯n \n¶p ]pd¯p hcp¶Xp Rm³
I­p. AXv Bew_anÃmsX BImi¯p \n¶p. tkm^bnÂ
InS¶ Fsâ arXicoct¯bpw Rm³ I­p.”
FÂ.Fkv.Un, sltdmbn³, amcnPqhm\ XpS§nbh Ign¡p¶
hÀ¡v CXpt]mse ]e ‘Znhym\p`qXn’Ifpw D­mImdp­v. Ch
sbm¶pw Ign¡msX Xs¶ NnecpsS icoc¯n tlmÀtamWp
IfptSbpw F³sskapIfptSbpw {]hÀ¯w sIm­v A¯cw
AhØ D­mImw. CXv at\mtcmK§Ä¡v hgnsXfn¡pw.
k¦ev] IYm]m{X§fmb tZhotZh·msctbm ssZh§tftbm
`mh\bn I­psIm­v hfsct\cw HcmÄ [ym\\ncX\mbn
Ccp¶m a\Ênsâ ka\ne sXäpw. Xs¶¯ms\ ln]vt\m
ss«kp sNbvX BÄ Xsâ k¦ev]m\p`h§sfÃmw bYmÀ°am
sW¶p sXän²cn¡pw. A¯cw L«§fnep­mIp¶ A\p`
h§fmWv ZnhyZÀi\§fmbn Nn{XoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. {]hmNI
Xzhpw ZnhyZÀi\hpw AhImis¸« FÃmhcptSbpw ØnXn
AXmWv. Cu AhØbnse¯nb ]e at\mtcmKnItfbpw Rm³
I­n«p­v. tIm«bw saUn¡Â tImtfPn a\:imkv{X hn`mKw
ssI Imcyw sNbvXncp¶ tUmIvSÀ. Sn.H. A{_lmw A¯cw
Hcp tcmKnsb F\n¡v Hcn¡Â ]cnNbs¸Sp¯n¯¶p. Adp]Xp
Ignª Hcp hr²\mWv tcmKn. Hcp Znhkw cmhnse AbmÄ
InS¡bn \ns¶gpt¶Â¡pt¼mÄ I\yIadnbw (tbiphnsâ
A½) At±l¯n\p {]Xy£s¸«v, Hcp aqÀJ³ ]m¼ns\ ]nSn¨p
sIm­v N§\mticn ]Ånbn sNÃm³ Bhiys¸«p. AbmÄ
217
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
DSs\ ]m¼ns\ ]nSn¡m³ ImWp¶ s]m¯nseÃmw ssIbnSm³
XpS§n. aqÀJ³ ]m¼ns\ ]nSn¨psIm­v, ]m¼pISntbämepw
hnjw _m[n¡msX, ]Ånbn sN¶m BfpIÄ¡v I\ym
adnb ¯nepÅ hnizmkw hÀ²n¡psa¶mbncp¶p B a\pjysâ
hnizmkw. GXmbmepw ho«pImÀ DSs\ Bsf a\ximkv{XÚ
sâ ASps¯¯n¨p. Bip]{Xnbn sN¶n«pw I\ymadnbw At±
l¯n\p {]Xy£s¸«ncp¶p F¶mWv ]dbp¶Xv. GXm\pw Znh
ks¯ NnInÕ Ignªt¸mÄ B ZnhyZÀi\w kne¨p. sImÃ
¯pImc³ Hcp AgtIi³ Iptd¡me§Ä¡p ap¼v Hcp Ip«nsb
sh«n Imfn¡p _ensImSp¯p. AXn\v Abmsf AdÌp sNbvXv
Xncph\´]pcw Pbnen C«ncn¡pt¼mgmWv ASnb´ncmhØ
Ime¯v ankm XShpImc\mbn Rm³ AhnsS sNÃp¶Xv. tZhn
bpsS \nÀt±ia\pkcn¨mWv Cu _en \S¯nbsX¶pw CSbv
¡nsS tZhnZÀi\w AbmÄ D­mImdps­¶pw AgtIi³ ]d
ªp. inh³, Imfn, KW]Xn, kp{_ÒWy³ XpS§nbhÀ {]Xy
£s¸«p F¶v AhImis¸« tcmKnIsfbpw Rm³ I­n«p­v.
CsXm¶pw AhcpsS IpäamsW¶v Rm³ ]dbp¶nÃ. {]hmN
IXzhpw shfn]mSpw AhImis¸«n«pÅhcpw, AhImis¸Sp¶
hcpw C¯c¯n s]« at\mtcmKnIÄ Xs¶bmsW¶mWv
a\ximkv{Xw hyàam¡p¶Xv.
temIw s]mXpth AwKoIcn¡p¶ Imcy§sf \ntj[n¡p¶p
F¶mWv hnizmknbmb teJI³ Fsâ ta Btcm]n¡p¶
Ipäw. tIm¸À\n¡kv, kqcy\mWv Cu {KlaÞe¯nsâ tI{µ
sa¶v FgpXpt¼mÄ, temI¯p­mbncp¶hcn At±lsamgn
sI aäpÅhscÃmw Xs¶ `qanbmWv kucbqY¯nsâ tI{µsa
¶tà AwKoIcn¨ncp¶Xv? AXpsIm­v tIm¸À\n¡knsâ
A`n{]mbw sXämsW¶p ]dbmtam? temI¯nepÅ 480 tImSn
P\§fn Fgp]XptImSn BWv apÉo§fpsS P\kwJy F¶p
IW¡m¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. _m¡n 410 tImSnbmfpIÄ CÉmwaX
¯n hnizkn¡p¶nà F¶XpsIm­v CÉmwaXw sXämsW¶v
A_vZpÀ dlvam³ ]dbptam? `qcn]£¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ
sXäpw icnbpw \nÀWbn¡phm³ km[yaà F¶pÅ A`n{]mb
amWv F\n¡pÅXv.
218
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“]t©{µnb§fneqsS e`n¡p¶ ]cnanXamb Adnhn\¸pdw
asäm¶nt\bpw AwKoIcn¡m¯hcmWhÀ” F¶v bpànhmZn
Isf A_vZpÀ dlvam³ Nn{XoIcn¡p¶p. AXp hfsc icnbmWv.
FÃm a\pjyÀ¡pw Ct¶mfw e`n¨n«pÅ AdnhpIsfÃmw A§
s\ e`n¨XmWv. A§s\bÃmsX At±l¯n\v Fs´¦nepw
Adnhp In«nbn«pt­m? Ds­¦n AsX¶XmsW¶v Adn
ªm sImÅmw. imkv{Xw FÃm Imcy§fpw Adnªn«nsöv
At±lw ]dbp¶p. bpànhmZnIfpw AXpXs¶bmWv ]dbp¶Xv.
{]]©s¯¸än hfsc¡pdt¨ \ap¡v C¶dnbm³ Ignªn«pÅq.
Zn\w{]Xn Adnhnsâ N{Ihmf§Ä hnIkn¨psIm­ncn¡pI
bmWv. kÀhtemI clky§fpw X\n¡dnbmsa¶ I]S\mSy
hpambn hcp¶ aX]ptcmlnX·mcpw {]hmNI·mcpw ]dbp¶Xv
hnizkn¡phm³ F§s\ km[n¡pw? sXfnhps­¦n Bcp
]dbp¶Xpw kzoIcn¡mw. sXfnhnÃm¯ Imcyw, AhÀ F{X
D¶X·mtcm s]mXpP\§sfÃmw AwKoIcn¡p¶htcm BsW
¦nepw icnbmsW¶p IcpXphm³ bpànhmZnIÄ XbmdmhpI
bnÃ.
JpÀB³ BscgpXn?
“Ccp]¯naq¶p kwhÕc¡me¯n\nSbn hnhn[ ]Ým¯e
§fnepw kµÀ`§fnepambn AÃmlp \_n (k) ¡v \ÂInb
Znhyktµi§fpsS kamlmcamWv CÉmansâ aqe {]amWamb
hnip² JpÀB³” F¶v A_vZpÀ dlvam³ ]dbp¶p (t]Pv 68).
AÃmlp, btlmh, {_Òmhv, inh³, Pq¸näÀ, ho\kv, HmUn³,
tXmÀ, Imfn, Nm¯³, {ioIrjvW³ XpS§nb ssZh§sfms¡
Hmtcmcp¯cpsS k¦ev]§fmWv. alm`mcXbp²¯nsâ \Sp
hn sh¨v ssZhamb {ioIrjvW³ D]tZin¨ Znhy {KÙamWv
`KhZvKoXsb¶v lnµp¡Ä hnizkn¡p¶p. ssZhmßmhn\mÂ
FgpXs¸«XmWv ss__nÄ F¶p {InkvXym\nIÄ hnizkn
¡p¶p. Xriqsc Nm¯³ tkh¡mc³ XpÅnbn«v, Nm¯sâ Znhy
ktµi§Ä ]dbp¶p. I¼À¡v kckzXnbmWv cmambWw Fgp
Xns¡mSp¯sX¶v I¼cmambW¯n ImWp¶p. CXpt]mse
temI¯nse sNdpXpw hepXpamb FÃm aX{KÙ§sf¸änbpw

219
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Hmtcmcp¯cpw AhImihmZw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶p. CXn GXm
Wv icnsb¶dnbm³ F´mWp amÀKw? \njv]£ambn B aX{K
Ù§sf ]Tn¡pIbpw hkvXpXIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpatÃ?
aäp ]e aX{KÙ§tfbpw ]än Ahbn hnizkn¡p¶hÀ
]dbp¶Xv AhsbÃmw Aam\pjnIamsW¶mWv. ]t£, JpÀ
B³ DĸsS Hcp aX{KÙhpw Aam\pjnIambn \nÀ½n¡s¸«
XmsW¶pÅXn\v \ap¡v sXfnhpIÄ In«nbn«nÃ. ]cntim[n
¡pt¼mÄ AwKoIrX Ncn{X hkvXpXIÄ¡pw, imkv{X¯n\pw,
a\pjyXz¯n\pw \nc¡m¯Xv ]eXpw Ahbn ImWp¶p.
ss__nÄ, `KhZvKoX, `mKhXw, cmambWw, alm`mcXw, XpS
§nb ]e aX{KÙ§fpw \njv]£_p²ntbmsS Rm³ ]Tn¨p.
AXnsem¶pw Aam\pjnIX Ds­¶p ImWm³ F\n¡p Ign
ªnÃ. AXpIgnªmWv Rm³ JpÀB³ ]Tn¡m³ XpS§nbXv.
Rm³ AXv Ad_nbneà hmbn¨Xv. Cw¥ojv, aebmfw, lnµn,
DÀZp XpS§nb `mjIfn JpÀB\v \nch[n XÀÖaIÄ h¶n
«p­v. Ahbn ]eXpw B[nImcnIamsW¶v hnizmknIÄ X
s¶ ]dbp¶XpamWv. ]pXnb \nba ss__nÄ {Ko¡p `mjbn
emWv FgpXs¸«Xv. {Ko¡v ]Tn¡m¯ HcmÄ ss__nÄ ]Tn¨v
AtX¸än Fs´¦nepw ]dbcpsX¶p ]dbp¶Xn hà AÀ°
hpapt­m? lnµpaX{KÙ§fn A[nIhpw kwkvIrX¯nem
Wv; _p²aX{KÙ§Ä ]men `mjbnepw. ]men ]Tn¡msX _p²
aXs¯¸än ]dªpIqsS¶p ]dªm BfpIÄ hnjan¨p
t]mIpw. temIaX§sf¸än ]Tn¡m³ AhbpsSsbms¡ aqeIr
XnIÄ cNn¨ `mj ]Tn¡Wsa¶p ]dªm icnbmsW¶p
k½Xn¡mw. Ft¶t¸mepÅ kXymt\zjnIÄ¡v Ahbnse
Bib§fmWv Adntb­Xv. ‘JpÀB³’ Rm³ hmbn¨Xpw B
ASnØm\¯nemWv.
AÃmlphmWv JpÀBsâ IÀ¯msh¶mWtÃm hnizmknIÄ
]dbp¶Xv. AXp icnbsöv JpÀ B³ HcmhÀ¯n hmbn¨mÂ
BÀ¡pw a\ÊnemIpw. JpÀBsâ H¶mas¯ A²ymbw (kqd)
AÂ ^m¯a BWv. AXn§s\bmWv:
“IcpWm\n[nbpw ]caImcpWnI\pamb AÃmlphnsâ \ma

220
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
¯n kÀhtemI ]cn]meI\mb AÃmlphn\s{X kvtXm
{Xw.”
IcpWm\n[n; ]caImcpWnI³; {]Xn^ew \ÂIs¸Sp¶ Znh
k¯nsâ \mY³. \nsâ Iev]\IÄt¡ R§Ä hnt[bcmbn
Pohn¡pIbpÅp; \nt¶mSv am{Xta R§Ä klmb¯n\v At]
£n¡bpÅq. \o R§Ä¡v t\ÀamÀKw ImWn¨p XtcWta,
AXmbXp \nsâ A\p{Kl§Ä¡p ]m{XambhcpsS amÀKw,
tIm]¯n\p ]m{XambhcptSbpw hgn]ng¨hcptSbpw amÀKaÃ.
(Al½Zv auehnbpsS XÀÖa)
a¡bn sh¨v apl½Zn\v AhXcn¸n¨p In«nbXmWv Cu
kqdsb¶v ]dbs¸Sp¶p.” IcpWm\n[nbpw ]caImcpWnI\p
amb AÃmlphnsâ \ma¯n F¶mWv CXp XpS§p¶Xv. ‘A
Ãmlphn\v kvtXm{Xw’ F¶pw AXn ImWp¶p. AÃmlp BWv
CsXgpXnbsX¦n X\n¡p Xs¶ At±lw kvtXm{Xw ]dbp
tam? \o R§Ä¡p t\ÀamÀKw ImWn¨p XtcWta F¶pw
aäpw AÃmlp Xs¶ At±lt¯mSp {]mÀ°n¡ptam? AtXm
AÃmlphnt\mSp C§s\ {]mÀ°n¡Wsa¶v At±lw ]dªp
sImSp¯tXm? A§s\ AÃmlp sNbvsX¦n AXnsâ Bh
iysa´v? a\pjysâ a\Êdnbm³ AÃmlphn\p IgnhntÃ? t\sc
adn¨v, ssZhhnizmknbmb apl½Zv C§s\ Hcp {]mÀ°\ A\p
bmbnIsf ]Tn¸n¨p F¶p ]dªm AXn\À°ap­v. C\nbpw
aäp Nne hmIy§Ä t\m¡pI:
“AÃmlp al¯mb A\p{Kl¯nsâ \mY\s{X” (2:105)
“AÃmlp kÀhià\msW¶p \o {Kln¨n«ntÔ (2:106)
“AÃmlp AP¿\mb iànbpÅh\pw anI¨ X{´Ú\pam
sW¶v Adnªncn¡pI.” (2:209)
“Xm\pt±in¡p¶hÀ¡v t\ÀamÀK¯ntebv¡p AÃmlp hgn
ImWn¡pw.” (2:213)
“AÃmlp kÀhscbpw hnPbn¡p¶h\mWv, anI¨ X{´Ú
\pamWv.” (2:220)
“AÃmlp FÃmw tIÄ¡p¶h\pw Adnbp¶h\pamIp¶p.”
(2: 224)

221
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
“AÃmlp hfsctbsd s]mdp¡p¶h\mWv, henb kl\io
e\pamWv.” (2:225)
“AÃmlp FÃmhscbpw hnPbn¡p¶h\pw anI¨ X{´Ú
\pamIp¶p.” (2: 228)
“AÃmlp B{IanIsf¡pdn¨p \Ãt]mse AdnhpÅh\m
Ip¶p.” (2:246)
C§s\ AÃmlphns\ s]m¡p¶ kqà§Ä FÃm `mK
¯pw ImWmw. CsXms¡ AÃmlp ]dªXmsW¦nÂ, At±lw
kzÀK¯n FgpXnsh¨ncn¡p¶ ]pkvXI¯n Xs¶¯s¶
]pIgv¯m\mWv A[nIw Øew D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶sX¶p ]d
tb­nhcpw. t\sc adn¨v apl½ZmWv C§s\sbms¡ ]dª
sX¦n AXv At±l¯nsâ hnizmkamsW¶p IcpXmw.
JpÀBsâ t{ImUoIcWt¯¸än {KÙImc³ ]dbp¶ ]e
Imcy§Ä¡pw apÉow ]mc¼cyaÃmsX asäs´¦nepw sXfnhp
Nq­n¡mWn¡m\pt­m? Jen^m Dkvamsâ Ime¯mWtÃm
JpÀBsâ tIm¸nsbSp¯v ]e Øet¯¡pw Abbv¡p¶Xv.
AtX¸än ]dbp¶ Iq«¯n A_vZpÀ dlvam³ C§s\ ]d
bp¶p:
“l^vk (d) bpsS ]¡Â \n¶pw ankvl^v hm§n tIm¸nIsf
Sp¯p. B[nImcnIamb Cu tIm¸nIÄ Jeo^, _Ôs¸« \mSp
Ifnte¡v Ab¨p sImSp¯tijw hyànIÄ kq£n¨ncp¶
asäÃm GSpIfpw I¯n¨pIfbm³ Iev]n¡pIbmWv D­mbXv.”
(bpànhmZnIfpw CÉmapw, t]Pv. 85)
hyànIfpsS ssIbn kq£n¨ncp¶ asäÃm GSpIfpw I¯n
¨pIfsªsX´n\v? hnhn[ ]mTt`Z§Ä A¶p \nehnencp¶p
F¶pw AhsbÃmw I¯n¨pIfªp F¶patÃ, CXn\À°w?
A_vZpÀ dlvam³ XpScp¶p:
“A¶p apX C¶phsc temIapÉo§Ä GIIWvTambn
Ahew_n¡p¶ apkvl^v CXp am{XamIp¶p. A¨Sn¨ GXp
JpÀB³ {]XnbpsSbpw ]pd¯v ‘apkvl^pDkvam\n’ (Dkvam³
tIm¸nsbSp¸n¨ apkvl^v) F¶p tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xpw ]Xnhm
Wv.”

222
 JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w
Dkvam³ ]IÀ¯nsbgpXn¡p¶Xphsc ]e JpÀB\pIÄ
D­mbncp¶p F¶pw A¶p apXÂ Dkvamsâ tIm¸n am{XamWv
AwKoIcn¡p¶Xv F¶pw At±lw k½Xn¡p¶p. JpÀB³
kzÀK¯n \n¶v AhXcn¨XmsW¶pw AXn Hcp amähpw
hcp¯nbn«nsöpw ]dbp¶Xv icnbsöv ChsbÃmw sXfnbn
¡p¶p.
JpÀB³ FgpXs¸Sm\nSbmb kmlNcys¯¸än ]dbpt¼m
gpw A_vZpÀdlvam³ AXnsâ ssZhmkvXnIys¯ \ntj[n¡p
¶p­v:
“Hcp hnIkzc kaql¯nsâ ]cnXØnXnIfpw {]iv\§fpw
Bhiy§fpw IW¡nseSp¯v AhXcn¸n¨XmWv JpÀB\nse
kmaqlyhpw [mÀ½nIhpamb Ht«sd kqà§Ä. AXn NneXv
kaql¯nsâtbm AXnse Imcyt_m[apÅ Nne hyànIfpsS
tbm \oXnbpàamb A`nemj§tfmSp s]mcp¯s¸Sp¶hbnÂ
AkmwKXysa´ncn¡p¶p?”(bpànhmZnIfpw CÉmapw, t]Pv 88)
“F{X t]cp­v, CÉmansâ A´cmÀ°w a\Ênem¡nbhÀ?
F{X t]cp­v, \akvImcw, t\m¼v, lÖv, k¡m¯v, apXemb
IÀ½§f\pjvTn¡p¶hÀ? F{X t]cp­v, \akvImcw, t\m¼v,
lÖv k¡m¯v apXemb IÀ½§f\pjvTn¡p¶hÀ? F{X
t]cp­v, aXImcy§tf¡mÄ {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶hÀ? F´p,
apÉow temI¯p aZym]m\w, hy`nNmcw, NqXm«w, ]eni, Ip¯n
¡hÀ¨, sIme, Ifhv, NXnhv, \pW, \njn²t`mP\w apXemb
ZpjvIrXy§Ä XIrXnbmbn \S¡p¶nÃtbm? auehnamcpsS
PohnXw bYmÀ°amb CÉmanI PohnX¯nsâ amXrIbmtWm?
Ahcn A[nIwt]cpw At§ Aäw Zpxkz`mhnIfpw Zpjn¨hcpw
aX¯ns\cmbn \S¡p¶hcpamsW¶Xp kXyaÃtbm? kXy
ambn AhÀ aX¯nsâ cq]w hnIrXam¡nbn«nÃtbm?”
(k·mÀK ZÀin\n, tImgnt¡mSv, 1974, t]Pv 12)
CXv bpànhmZnbpsS tNmZy§fà apÉoantâXpXs¶bmWv.
CÉmwaXhpw JpÀB\pw P\§fn sNep¯nb [mÀ½nI t{]c
W F´msW¶v CXp sXfnbn¡p¶p.

223
JpÀB³ Hcp hnaÀi\]T\w

224