Science Reviewer

[ac] Uniform Circular Motion (Vector; m/s^2)

 A constant force that always acts perpendicularly to the direction of motion. In this, the body
moves in a circular path at a constant speed.
Problem Solving
Formula

v = velocity; r = radius
Sample Problem
A horse moving at a speed of 7.8m/s rounds a corner with a radius of 25m. What is the centripetal
acceleration of the runner?
[W] Work (Scalar; J)

 Back in 1829, the term “work” was introduced by French mathematician Gaspard Coriolis as the
product of force and displacement of objects that move under the influence of that force.
o This is only done when a force succeeds in moving the object that is acted upon, in the
direction in which the said force acts.
Joule/Newton meter (N x m) - The SI unit of work. Named in honor of James Prescott Joule.
Erg: A smaller unit of work. It is named after ergon, the Greek word for work.
Problem Solving
Formula

F = Force; d = displacement
Sample Problem
How much work is done by a shopper in pushing her grocery cart of 32N to a distance of 4.5m?
If theta is the angle between the directions of F and d, the magnitude of the component of F parallel to d
is Fcostheta.
Formula

Sample Problem
To transport his coconuts to the market 15.0m away, the vendor pushes his cart by a force of 14.0N
applied at 30° with the horizontal. How much work did the vendor do?

Positive Work
 Work is positive if the force doing the work on an object is in the same direction as the
displacement. It aids motion, thereby increasing an object’s speed.
Negative Work
 Work is negative if the force doing the work is opposite the direction of motion. The applied
force impeded motion and decreases the speed of an object.
Energy
 The ability to do work. Is able to change from one form to another, and cannot be created nor
destroyed.
Gravitational Potential Energy
 Energy that is stored because of an object’s position or height about Earth’s surface.
 A raised body has gravitational potential energy and as it falls back to its original level, it does
work.
Formula

Sample Problem (….is below the written solution — nakalimutan ko isulat kanina)

A 75kg child climbs a 6.00m long slide that is inclined 30° with the horizontal, what is the potential
energy of the child with respect to the ground?

Elastic Potential Energy

 The energy possessed by a spring or rubber band when stretched or compressed. Upon
stretching, the molecules move apart and gain elastic potential energy.
Formula

X is the elongation of the spring while k is its force constant. The force constant of a string is the measure
of the stiffness of the spring — a bigger force constant means that the spring cannot be manipulated
easily. It has the unit of N/m.

Kinetic Energy
 The energy possessed by a moving body due to its motion.
Formula

m = mass; v = speed
Sample Problem
You serve a volleyball with a mass of 1.5 kg. The ball leaves your hand with a speed of 30m/s. What is the
kinetic energy of the ball?

The Difference of Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy

 The main difference between the two is that one is the energy of what can be and one is the
energy of what is.
 Potential energy is stationary — purely based on the position and condition of the object, with
stored energy to be released. While kinetic energy is energy in motion, actively using energy for
movement.