BAUP 1222 - GEOMATICS

GNSS Surveying
NIZATULADZAWIYAH UDIN
2210548

INTRODUCTION
The GNSS is the abbreviation of Global Navigation Satellite System which
orbits the earth at a medium orbit altitude once every 11 hours, 58 minutes,
and 2 seconds. Each satellite sends out coded signals with information
about its precise orbit and an extremely reliable time stamp from an atomic
clock.

ABOUT GNSS SURVEYING

Each navigation system comprised three different segment:

SPACE CONTROL USER

SEGMENT SEGMENT SEGMENT
It consists of satellite Refers to the equipment
that fly in accurate Comprise a network of
that processes the
orbits around the earth. monitor, control, and
received GNSS signals
For example, a upload stations to
to derive the location
constellation of 31 ensure health satellites.
and time information
satellites that fly at The primer components
altitudes of roughly of the user segment are
2000km above the antennas and receiver
earth's surface. (processing units).

HOW DOES gnss WORKs?

The main process in GNSS is Trilateration that combine three satellites
which are in orbital position with calculated range of radius.

Firstly, to obtain the accurate user's position (X, Y, Z) and time, the length of
the direct path from the satellite to the user equipment (range) need to be
determined. To obtain the range, the signal's travel time or propagation time
need to be determined.

Propagation Time = Time Signal Reached Receiver - Time Signal Left Satellite
Distance to the satellite (the range) = Propagation Time x Speed of Light

a
The range to The distance of
satellite A and its satellite B is
positions are determined, the
determined, the position of the
position of the user b user located at the
are within a sphere intersection of the
with its center at two spheres. With
the satellite location the distance of
and a radius equals satellite C, the
the range. c user's location is
determined

To obtain the exact position or at least a highly accurate position, it is

required to reduce the error sources. The measurement errors include:

SOURCES
"Tutorial on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS): Positioning, Navigation and more!" TRYAT YOUTUBE CHANNEL
"How does GPS system work?" Techi Tube YOUTUBE CHANNEL
"What is GNSS and how does it work?" Geospatial World YOUTUBE CHANNEL