Modern Electrical Systems

‫ مصعب الشبيب‬.‫د‬

2020
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 Range-Extended Electric Vehicles ‫العربة الكھربائية ذات المجال الموسع‬
   BEVs            
( )     & *+  .! "  #  $%   " &
 6 (26) 1  . , ,-! (    . $/ (  "  0* BEEVs
8 Pure Electric Mode -! /   + 7  .( )  * 
<  (% ;) SOC &   :&   , SOC 1  9/
 " >*  $ ( ?1 0* Range-Extended Mode ( )  =
 = <  0*  Hysteresis Regulaor ,-   $ @1 $*   " SOC
. ; = SOC  / $   >* Charge Mode 1

BEEV    :(26) 

( )*) $% ) +#$% &' () ! " " BEEV   :(27) 

,  +   ( ,&#   0  $ Range Extender ) ( A  6 
 1 -! /  % ,&#  < 0  #  , (27, a) 1
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 #<  C  ;*+ D ,  %  .-! /  *?  <
The engine-based ,&#  < 0 =&  ) ( A %. 6 E) .& ,
 .(C  @  & F ( "C# C& $ ( GC# ) range extender
,&#  < 0  <  , ,-! )& ( (27, b) 1 / &# #. 6
.I 7  (  +)  , $   I?< / &#  # H 8
:#$  12.) +BEEV   , . "!)  /)' , '0  (28)  , 
J , / > ,  = $1 ) ( % (a)  ,  :3) 0 
DC-DC Boost Converter !)&         )   =  
;) ) (   Eload & $ E.  ;*+ , .DC-AC Inverter CK 
:  
E load = E RE (αη BAT + β) ηDC .η AC (17)
.) (
A ! , $ + ERE :  8
. ) ;) ) (  $   -  : α
.Boost Converter !)&    ;) ) (  $   -  : β
.Boost Converter !)&    )6  $   : ηDC
. ) )6  $   : ηBAT
.CK )6  $   : ηAC

DC-Link $/) "  /)' -b +5  "  /)' -a :BEEV   #4 . "!)  /)' '0  :(28) 

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/   $   b  DC-Link &% ) ( %  :   0 
:, 1 
E load = E RE [α (η DC ) 2η BAT + β]. ηAC (18)
1 I 1 =7   =&6   D  6 ) (18)  (17)  
: ,
β > α .η DC .η BAT (19)
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle )*) $% 5 6  
 / P# () . " ) / P#  $ I! =& FCEVs  
Q 6    D 
 1 D6 / P#  .;  I!  @  >* )!  )7
P# D S  0* =& $P .  ,&#  <  D R#7 / %
  .R#6 D  ) 6 ,D  )
 $?%   "  $  I ,+ /
0+ 0* ( .R#7 / % (  S)" R GC# / P# > >* $
 , ! / T =& % 6 / !& E&? E) FCEVs &     D
I # U    ,&#  <  (  C& D6 / P# .,-!
# " =  "   " W #J &/ % V% $) $  = 
.V% 1 !  E) ! "/ !& )!
Fuel Cell Introduction ‫نبذة عن خلية الوقود‬
/ UK )7  )! E  $  -! $ 6  $ / &# 
* -!   )6  
 D7 Q 7 +6  .>D S
. I&  "K -!
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)   I1X  * / &#
.P#   *+  (29) 1 .Alkaline Fuel Cell & / &#
& / ,P I1X  $ K  8 PEMFC &#  J (29.a) 1 
   V 8 I1? %  .P  AC =? 0.1mm ,  
C
. $ ! ;) K  % Y , )! $* =&# .@" )!
& ;*+ , K  .I 1 K  )K  )!   ! 
.,)#    ! = % 
, . !  ! K V 8 & / &#  J (29.b) 1 
I ( )7  !  K  I S ! ( )!  % Y
.! 1 K 

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 )$0 )*) $% 9 b +#)')  ' : 5 6 )*) $% 9 a : )*)  8% ) :(29) 

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Powertrain ‫مسار الطاقة في العربة الكھربائية ذات خلية الوقود‬
#  $ (30) 1 ,  +  FCEV  , /  , -  
 ) /& ,6 % / &# Fuel Processor / S. Fuel Tank /
.,-! 0

FCEV )*) $% 5 6   #4 * ! :(30) 

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V   Accelerator Pedal Q    1K Vehicle Controller  . =&
 $1 ٕ / &#  / $1  $1  $ ,+ 1K ;*+ .Brake Pedal
) $ ()  .Fuel Cell System / &#   =   6   0*   
.-! & & $ 1   / &#   
(    /  Y! C&# $/ #  6 ( / &# E U* $ (31) 1 
- ,-! 0& & / 1 / &# (   #  (a)  #4 . ,
.Range Extender )& (
A D / &# . 1 *+ " &
CD 6 /& #  $ / &#  + SCs -C CD  #  (b)  #4
-C CD 6   !/ R    < F , / &#  ,! -C
. $ ( V & ID6 /& $ C 9%  +
( !  D <
 6 -! / =  E< , #  /   (c)  #4
/ = / &#  ) /  <6  (d)  #4 6 / &#  ) /
. E<  ) / ( !  D 
.(d) 1 , 0   (c) 1 ,   M -! ] : 8

FCEV   #4  0 , 2%' 5 )  " )*) $% > ' ?$'% @6 :(31) 

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 SOLAR ELECTRIC VEHICLE ! * 5 6  
/  -!  6 % Allan Freeman  <J >&K  / 1979  ,
1 6 -! & $1 !*? 1 ^ 7 P#  1 /   8 .1
.
Solar Electric Vehicle Powertrains ! * 5 6   #4 * *
:(32) 1 , " 1 /  ,  ,   6   0+

! * 3$ $   #4 * !  :(32) 

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  8 1 / =& &  , /  >&  (32.a) 1 V"
 >* ) 0 ?1 =& $1  ,  -! / !& ^ 7  1 /
)  ,  ?1  *C !  1 /  , >& 1 *+  .
Y  DF P
 " GC#   $ Q  ،Short Drive Range % 
.)
 P  #.  ) = 1 ^ 7 %  < (32.b) 1 ,
^ 7  < /  Y! Maximum Power Point Tracking (MMPT) =  /
U#  * DC-DC  $ MMPT     * .Q1_ C&#   1
>* ,&D7 !) I   @& I  !) ( @ 1 ^ 7 U# P. >*  ?
.& =  <  "
  * -!  *?   ,  /  I?<  (32.c) 1 ,
$IC (     /  (   1 / 1 1 In-Wheel Motors &)
.V & ID6 "6  /  $C< P#    ) )K

CD ?$'% 5 )'!  ! A ) 4)?/ #4 + '!B ) . ) + ' ) . 52  :(33) 

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