ELECTRICAL MACHINES

AC MOTOR (INDUCTION MOTOR)

LABORATORY TEST
LECTURE 10
Prepared by: Engr. Franklin C. Almonte
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
PARAMETERS FROM TEST DATA
➢Sometimes the equivalent circuit of the induction motor is approximated by
the one shown in Fig. The parameters of the approximate circuit can be
obtained from the following tests.

Where:
r1 = stator resistance per phase (ohm)
r2 = rotor resistance per phase (ohm)
Rm = resistance corresponding to the iron losses and friction and
windage losses (ohm)
x1 = stator leakage reactance (ohm)
X2 = rotor leakage reactance (ohm)
Xm = magnetizing reactance (ohm)
No Load Test
➢When an induction motor runs at no load, the slip (s) is exceedingly small, thus making
R2/s very large and I1, becomes negligible compared to Io. Thus at no- load the circuit
consist essentially of the magnetizing branch Xm and Rm only.

where:
PNL = wattmeter reading during the test
(power drawn by the motor)
ENL = voltmeter reading during the test
(line to line voltage of the supply)
INL= ammeter reading during the test
(line current drawn by the motor)
No-Load Test

Wiring diagram for performing no-load tout on a three-phase induction motor.

Blocked Rotor Test
➢Under rated line voltage, when the rotor is locked stator current Ip is almost 6 times its
rated value. Furthermore, the slip (s) equals one which means that R2/s becomes R2,
where R2 is the resistance Of the rotor reflected into the stator and since Ip is much
greater compared to Io, thus the magnetizing branch can be neglected.
Where:
PLR = wattmeter reading during the test
(power drawn by the motor)
ELR = voltmeter reading during the test
(line-to-line voltage of the supply)
lLR = ammeter reading during the test
(line current drawn by the motor)
Re = equivalent resistance per phase of the motor
referred to the stator side
Xe = equivalent reactance per phase of the motor
referred to the stator side
Blocked Rotor Test
Blocked Rotor Test
DC Stator Resistance Test
➢For Wye-connected stator windings,

➢For Delta-connected stator windings,

➢To get the equivalent effective or ac resistance of the winding, use a factor of 1.25
to 1.75. Say,
Example 1
A 5-hp 60-cycle 115-volt eight-pole three-phase induction motor was tested, and the
following data were obtained:
No-load test: VNL = 115; P1 = 725; P2 = -425; INL= 10
Load test: VL = 115; P1 = 3,140; P2 = 1,570; IL = 27.3; RPMrotor = 810
D-c stator resistance between terminals = 0.128 ohm
Calculate; (a) the horsepower output; (b) the torque; (c) the percent efficiency; (d) the
power factor of the motor for the given load values.
Solution
Example 2
A blocked-rotor test was performed on the motor of Example 1, and the following data
were obtained: VBR = 26; IBR = 32; P1 = 1,430; P2 = -860. Calculate: (a) the equivalent
resistance of the motor Re; (b) The equivalent reactance of the motor Xe; (c) the rotor
resistance and reactance RR and XBR; (d) the speed at which maximum torque will occur.
Solution
Example 3
A three-phase. 7 5 hp. 220-V. 6-pole, 60-Hz. Y-connected induction motors was tested and
give the following results:
No-load test: I = 6.5 A P = 610 W Nr =1190 rpm
Load test. I = 18.4 A P = 6700 W Nr = 1164 rpm
Resistance test: 0.54 ohm between any two stator terminals
Determine the efficiency of the motor during the load test
Solution
Example 4
A three-phase, six-pole. 60 Hz, Y-connected squirrel-cage induction motor operates with a
slip of 2% and draws 10 A and 3,500 W at full load When running light, the motor draws 4.2
A and 300 W. When the rotor of this motor is blocked. The motor draws 450 W, 15 A at 50
V. Calculate the torque exerted when driving its full load.
Solution
Effects of Change in Voltage on
Current, Torque and Slip of an Induction Motor
➢ Starting current (I) drawn is directly proportional to the voltage (Vp) applied to the stator
windings

➢ Starting torque (T) developed is directly proportional to the square of the voltage (Vp) applied to
the stator windings.

➢ Torque (T) developed is directly proportional to the both the slip (s) and the square of the voltage
(V) applied to the stator windings.
Starting Methods Employed to Start a
Three-phase Induction Motor
Example 5
The following information is given in connection with a 50-hp 440-volt 1160-rpm induction
motor: full-load torque and current at 440 volts are 227 lb-ft and 63 amp, respectively;
starting torque and current at 440 volts are 306 Ib-ft and 362 amp, respectively. (a)
Calculate the starting current and torque at 254 volts. (b) What percentages of the rated
values are the values calculated in (a)?
Solution
Example 6
The 65 percent taps on a compensator are used in connection with a 10-hp 220-volt three-
phase motor. The rated motor current is 26.4 amp, and the blocked-rotor current at 220
volts is 150 amp. Calculate: (a) the starting current delivered to the motor; (b) the current
on the line side of the compensator, neglecting the magnetizing currents in the
autotransformers; (c) the percent motor and line currents, in terms of rated amperes.
Solution
Problem Set
1. A 5-hp 220-volt four-pole 60-cycle three-phase induction motor was tested and the
following data were obtained:
No-load test: Vnl = 220; Pt = 310; I = 16.2
Load test: Vnl = 220; Pt = 3,650; I = 11.3; rpm = 1710
Effective a-c resistance of stator per phase 0.3 ohm
Calculate (a) friction, windage, and iron losses; (b) stator copper loss under load; (c)
rotor power input; (d) rotor copper loss under load; (e) rotor output in watts; (f)
horsepower output; (g) torque (N-m); (h) percent efficiency under load; (i) load power
factor.
2. A blocked-rotor test was performed upon the motor of Problem 1, and the following
data were obtained: VBR = 48; I = 18; PT = 610. Calculate (a) the equivalent resistance of
the motor per phase Re; (b) the equivalent resistance of the rotor per phase RR; (c) the
equivalent blocked-rotor reactance per phase XBR.