Access Class - 4 Mathematics Chapter - 7 Jugs and Mugs

Revision Notes
What is Measurement?
 Measurement is a method by which the properties of an object
can be determined by only comparing them to a standard
quantity.
 The most basic metric for expressing any quantity of objects,
things, or events is measurement.



Measurement Units
For different types of measurements, we have different units of
measurement. Different units of measurement are given below.
 Length: Units of measuring length are metres, centimetres,
millimetres, kilometres etc.
 Time: Seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years etc
are the units used to measure length.
 Weight: Units such as grams, kilograms, and tons are used to
measure or express the weights of different objects.
 Volume: To measure the volume of certain quantities units such
as litres, millilitres etc are used.
 Temperature: Major units used to measure the temperature of
certain objects are centigrade and Fahrenheit.
 It should be noted that it is possible to convert one unit from
another.
Metric System
 The standard unit of length is the metre in the metric system.
Similarly, the standard unit of mass is a kilogram and the
standard unit of volume or capacity is a litre.
 100 equal parts of the centimetre successfully make a metre.
  When one centimetre is divided into 10 equal parts it is called
millimetres.
 1 cm = 1/100 m = 0.01 m
 1 m = 100 cm
 1cm = 10mm
 1mm = 1/10 cm = 0.1 cm


Changing the Metric Unit of Length

Image: Metric unit of length chart

 Observe the above-mentioned metric chart. It is clearly evident

that when we move from one metric unit to another to the right,
the value of the metric unit becomes ten times smaller, which
is one-tenth.
  When we move from one metric unit to another to the left in the
metric chart, the value of the metric unit becomes ten times
bigger.

 Considering the above two statements these are the conversion

for metres as the basic unit of length.

 1 Decameter (dam) = 10 times metre

 1 Hectometer (hm) = 100 times metre

 1 Kilometre (km) = 1000 times metre

 1 Decimeter (dm) = 1/10 of metre

 1 centimetre (cm) = 1/100 of metre

 1 millimetre (mm) = 1/1000 of metre



Solved Question
1. Sara purchased 40 m 200 cm long rope and Jain purchased 16 m
370 cm long rope. The total length of the ropes which is purchased
by both of them is?
Ans: Given,
The length of rope purchased by Sara = 40 m 200 cm
The length of rope purchased by Jain = 16 m 370 cm
We know that 1 m = 100 cm or 1 cm = 0.01 m
In this problem, we just have to add both lengths.
Now the total length of the rope purchased by both = 40 m 200 cm +
16 m 370 cm = 56 m 570 cm
2. Ronny wants brand new clothes for Christmas so he visits a
tailor. He agrees to stitch clothes and says to Rony that it would
take 1 m 235 cm of cloth to make the shirt and 2 m 105 cm to
make trousers. What is the total length of cloth that is used by the
tailor to make a shirt and trousers?
Ans: The total length of cloth required to make a shirt = 1 m 235 cm
The total length of cloth required to make trousers = 2 m 105 cm
We know that 1 m = 100 cm or 1 cm = 0.01 m
In this problem, we just have to add both lengths.
Total length = 1 m 235 cm + 2 m 105 cm = 3 m 340cm

The Capacity of a Liquid

 The quantity or the volume of a liquid is measured in the units of
capacity.

 A litre is a unit used to measure bigger quantities

 Millilitres are used to measure smaller quantities.

 1litre = 1000 millilitre and 1 millilitre = 0.001 litre.

Conversion of Litres Into Millilitres

 To convert litres into millilitres we just have to multiply the
number of litres by 1000.

 For example, to convert 9 L 650 mL into mL we have to multiply 9

L by 1000 mL Hence,
= (9 x 1000) mL + 650 mL = 9650 mL.

Solved Example
1. What are the different ways to add up I litre?
Ans: We know that 1L = 1000 mL. Thus keeping this in mind we have to
add all the millilitres to make sure it gives the sum as 1000. Here are a
few of the additions possible.
 500 mL + 500 mL = 1 L
 450 mL + 550 mL = 1 L
 400 mL + 350 mL + 250 mL = 1 L
 800 mL + 200 mL = 1 L
  100 mL+ 200 mL + 300 mL + 400 mL = 1 L
 750 mL + 150 mL + 100 mL = 1 L
Students can add and make any changes but please make sure that the
sum should add up and must be equal to 1000 mL
2. Adithya is using a small bottle to fill a large 2-litre bottle. He
poured 4 small bottles to completely fill the 2-litre bottle. How
much water does his small bottle hold?
Ans: It is mentioned that Adithya poured 4 small bottles of water to
fill a 2-litre bottle
We know that 1 L = 1000 mL
2 L = 2000 mL
4 small bottles = 2000/ 4 = 500 mL
So it is clear that his small bottles can hold upto 500 mL of water.
3. Leela has to pour 5 times through her small water bottle to fill a
large 1-litre bottle. How much water does a small water bottle of
Leela hold?
Ans: It is given that Leela has to pour 5 times to fill the 1-litre bottle.
We know that 1 L = 1000 mL
Hence big bottle capacity is 1000 mL.
As Leela used 5 bottles to fill 1 litre bottle ,
Small bottle capacity = 1000/ 5 = 200 mL
Therefore the capacity of each smaller bottle is 200 mL and Leela’s
every small bottle can hold up to 200 mL.

4. Neetu has to take 3 injections a day for 5 days. One injection

gives 5 mL of the medicine to your body.
(a) How much medicine will she need for one day?
(b) How much medicine in all for 5 days?
Ans: From the given information,
(a) One injection contains = 5 mL of medicine
The doctor advised her to take 3 injections a day
Therefore , 5 mL x 3 = 15 mL of medicine
Hence for one day, Neetu needs 15 mL of medicine.

(b) The amount of medicine Neetu is getting in a day = 15 mL

Quantity of medicine for 5 days = 15 mL x 5 = 75 mL
Therefore she would need 75 mL of medicine for 5 days.
5. Amina’s water bottle holds one litre of water. She drank 250 mL
of water and her friend Govind drank 150 mL. How much water is
left in her bottle?
Ans: It is given that the total water Amina’s bottle holds = 1 litre = 100
mL
To find the total water left in the bottle we first have to know the
amount of water drank.
Total water drank = Water consumed by Amina + Water consumed by
Govind
Total water drank = 230 mL + 150 mL = 400 mL
Therefore , water left in Amina’s bottle = 1000 mL - 400 mL = 600 mL.

6. Yusuf runs a tea shop. For making a glass of tea he uses 20 mL

of milk. Yesterday he made 100 glasses of tea. How much milk did
he use?
Ans: It is given that Yusuf has a tea stall
To make one glass of tea the amount of milk Yusuf uses is 20 mL.
Therefore to make 100 glasses of tea, the amount of milk used will be
= 20 mL x 100 = 2000 mL
Practice Questions.
1. Radha’s grandma was not well. The doctor gave her a bottle
with 200 mL of medicine. She has to take the medicine every
morning for 10 days.
How many millilitres of medicine does she have to take every
morning? ________
Ans: Radha’s grandma has to take 20 mL of medicine every morning.
Hint: To solve this problem, students have to know the capacity of the
liquid concept.

2. Anand bought 7 L 650 mL milk from one dairy and 9L 250 mL

from another diary. How much milk did he buy in total?
Ans: A total of 17L 900 mL was bought by Anand from both the
diaries.
Hint: To solve this problem, students should know the concept of
how to add litres and millilitres.
Revision Notes Class 4 Mathematics Chapter 2 - Long and
Short in 30 Minutes
Long and Short :
 The long and short are the adjectives or parameters to measure
something.

 The two most important terms used while calculating or

measuring something are “long and short”.

 These are the scales of measurement to measure distance ,

time , height etc.

 Long is the word used when something measures very big. Long
refers to a large value whenever something is measured.

 Short can be said as opposite to long. It refers to something that

measures less or not so big.
 Length of Pencils Comparison

The above figure shows the length of two pencils.

 Yellow pencil is 11 units long.

  Green pencil is 9 units long.

As we know that 9 is smaller than 11. If we compare the lengths of

these two pencils, then we can say that, yellow pencil is long and green
pencil is short.

Length and Distance:

 Distance is nothing but measurement of a length of some object,
say, how long the road is, gives its distance. Distance is how far
apart objects are, such as two cities or two points.

Units of Length and Distance : There are several units of distance

and most commonly used ones are Millimetres , centimetres,
metres ,Kilometres etc.

 Millimetres: Millimetres is a unit of length in the metric system.

A millimetre is one thousandth of a metre. It is represented by
‘mm’.

1000 mm = 1 m
 Representation of cm and mm on a Scale

 Centimetres: Centimetres a unit of length in the metric system,

equal to one hundredth of a metre. It is denoted by ‘cm’

100 cm = 1 m
 Representation of cm on a Scale

 Metres: Metres basic or fundamental unit of length in the metric

system. It is denoted by ‘m’.

 Kilometres: Kilometres is a unit of length in the metric system, it

is equal to one thousand metres. It is denoted by Km.

1 km = 1000 m

Solved Example 1: Look for things in your surroundings

that are
(i) About 10 centimetres long

(ii) Between 10 and 20 centimetres long

(iii) Less than 1 cm long.

Ans:
i. The things that are about 10 cm long are:

Tea Mug , Cell phones , Hair comb etc

ii. The things that are about 10 cm and 20 cm long are:

Soft Drinks bottles , Dinner forks , Carrots etc.

iii. The things that are less than 1 cm long are:

Watermelon seed , a single piece of rice , a piece of daal etc.

Solved Example 2: Convert the following into Metres

i. 700 cm

ii. 3000 mm

iii. 2 km

Ans: To convert the following into metres we need to scale between

the following and metres.

i. 700 cm
We know that 100 cm = 1 m , therefore 700 cm can be obtained by
multiplying 7 to both sides. i.e

Rightarrow7(100cm)=7(1m)���ℎ������7(100��)=7(1�)
Rightarrow700cm=7m.���ℎ������700��=7�.

ii. 3000 mm
We know that 1000 mm = 1 m , therefore 3000 mm can be obtained by
multiplying 3 to both sides. i.e

Rightarrow3(1000mm)=3(1m)���ℎ������3(1000��)=3(1�
)
Rightarrow3000mm=3m.���ℎ������3000��=3�.
iii. 2 km
We know that 1000 m = 1 km , therefore 2000 m can be obtained by
multiplying 2 to both sides. i.e

Rightarrow2(1000m)=2(1km)���ℎ������2(1000�)=2(1��)
Rightarrow2km=2000m.���ℎ������2��=2000�.

How Many ?( The Art of Finding Total)

 How many simply means “what number of”.

 It is usually used to find a multiple of one thing with respect to

another.

 For example, how many times Chennai Super Kings have won the
IPL? Here winning IPL is the event and we are supposed to find
the multiple of it.

 If we say Chennai have won the IPL 4 times , the event winning
IPL is multiplied by 4.

Solved Examples 1: What is the length of rope , if the rope is 6

arms of Roopa and Roopa’s arm is 25 cm long?
Ans: Given , Length of Roopa’s arm = 25 cm.

The rope is 6 arms , which means 6 times the length of the arm.

Therefore , the length of rope = 6×25=150cm6×25=150��.

Length of the rope is 150 cm.
Long and Short used for Comparison:
 In order to compare the length of two quantities , we need to
find the length of each of them ( that is how long or short they
are).

 For example, to say which is longer, thumb or middle finger? First

we need to measure them and we can conclude which one is
longer.

 So this goes without saying that the length of the middle finger is
longer than the thumb.

 Interesting fact: For most people, their arm span is about equal
to their height. Mathematicians say the arm span to height ratio
is one to one: your arm span goes once into your height.


 Arm Span of a Human Being

Solved Examples 1: Who has a longer hand , a new born baby or an

adult ?
Ans: It is quite evident and clear that an adult definitely has longer
hands compared to a new born baby.

Practice Questions:
1. The distance between two cities is measured in ?

2. Name any four objects that are 1 m long ?

Answers:
1. Kilometres

2. Guitars, yard sticks , Baseball bats , Doorknob Height etc.,

Access Class - 4 Mathematics Chapter - 6 The Junk Seller
Revision Notes
Junk Seller:
 A person who buys and sells used or discarded items is known as
a junk seller.
 Junk is debris, waste, or garbage that has been left behind or
discarded because it is unwanted.

Solved Example 1. How does a Junk seller make money by selling

junk?
Ans: Junk seller begins by purchasing some stuff from rubbish
collectors. They has thier own price list for which they purchases the
junk. Then they later sells thier stuff to a large store. They compares
prices on their phone and only sells when they finds a good deal.

Business:
 Business is the act of earning a livelihood or generating money
by creating, purchasing, or selling goods.
 Businesses can either be for-profit or non-profit organisations.
 Limited liability firms, sole proprietorships, corporations, and
partnerships are all examples of business types.

Credit:
 Credit is the money that a bank or corporation will let a customer
borrow and then repay later.
 The amount of money available to spend in a bank charge
account, or the cash credited to a checking account, are both
examples of credit.

Buying and Selling:

 To obtain something in return for money or the equivalent is
called Buying.
 To offer something to someone who pays for it and then owns it
is called Selling.

Profit and Loss:

 A profit is the amount of money gained when you get paid more
for something than it costs you to produce.
 Profit= Selling price-Cost price

 When a product is sold for less than its cost price, the seller
bears a loss.
 Loss= Cost price-Selling price
Currency in India
 Banknotes in India are now printed in denominations of 10, 20,
50, 100, 200, 500, and 2000 rupees.
 As they are issued by the RBI, these notes are known as
banknotes.

Loan
 A loan is money borrowed with the promise of repayment for a
specific purpose.
 When you borrow money, you create debt and must repay the
person/association over time, plus a little amount of additional
money known as interest.
 For example, if Alex takes a loan of Rs 100 from the bank and has
to return Rs 115 within five months, then Rs 15 is the interest
that Alex has to pay the bank.

Debt
 It is the amount of money owed to another person.
 Debt usually takes the form of money, but it can be goods,
services, favours, or other items. You now owe a debt to
someone else if you agree to pay or do something for them.
 For example, money owed to the bank after using credit cards,
car loans, etc.

Unitary method
 The unitary approach is a methodology for solving problems that
involves first determining the value of a single unit and then
multiplying that value by the required value.
 For example, If 1 balloon is for Rs 5, then 10 balloons will be
5×10=Rs 50.

Solved Example for Unitary Method

1. If 1 kg of newspaper costs Rs 4, what should be the price of 32Kg
of a newspaper?
Ans: Cost of 1Kg Newspaper= Rs 4
Cost of 32Kg Newspaper= Rs 4 × 32 = Rs 128

2. Find the total cost of 10 chocolates, 2 muffins and 4 cookies; if 1

chocolate costs Rs 5, 1 muffin costs Rs 7 and 1 cookie costs Rs 3.
Ans: Cost of 1 chocolate= Rs 5
Total Cost of 10 chocolates= 5×10=Rs 50
Cost of 1 muffin= Rs 7
Total Cost of 2 chocolates= 2×7=Rs 14
Cost of 1 cookie= Rs 3
Total Cost of 4 cookies= 3×4=Rs 12
Total cost of chocolates, muffin and cookies= Rs 50 + Rs 14 + Rs 12 =Rs
76

3. If 100 roses cost Rs 2000, what is the cost of 25 roses?

Ans: Cost of 100 roses= Rs 2000
Cost of 1 rose= Rs 2000/100 =Rs 20
Cost of 25 roses= Rs 20×25 =Rs 500

Practice Problems
1. Select the correct option:
i) If a person sells 10 chips packets in a day, how many packets will
he be able to sell in 15 days?
A. 15
B. 150
C. 100
D. 10
ii) If Lucy buys 10 muffins for Rs 100 and sells all of them at Rs 120,
how much did she earn?
A. Rs 2
B. Rs 20
C. Rs 10
D. Rs 100

2. Find the value of the following:

i) 3 notes of Rs 20
ii) 4 notes of Rs 10
iii) 6 notes of Rs 50
iv) 10 notes of Rs 100
v) 15 notes of Rs 200

Answer:
1. i) B) 150
ii) B) Rs 20
2. i) Rs 60
ii) Rs 40
iii) Rs 300
iv) Rs 1000
v) Rs 3000
Access Class - 4 Mathematics Chapter - 9 Halves and
Quarters Revision Notes
Half-Half:
 Half-Half means dividing a whole thing into two equal parts each
part is known as half.

 Examples: We can divide an apple into two equal parts where

each part is known as half and both halves can be counted.
  Halves of Various shapes: In the below image all three things
are divided into two equal halves. Note that two equal halves
make one whole object.

Image: Half shapes

 Representation of half in fraction form: Half is written as 1212

in fraction form. It generally means 1 part out of 2.

Image: Representation of half in fraction form

Properties of Half
 Adding two halves makes one.
  By dividing the number by 2 we can get half of any number.

 In decimal numbers, half is denoted by 0.5.

 We can find half of a number by multiplying it by 1212. For

example, if we 6 chips packets then half of it can be obtained by
6×12=36×12=3

Solved Examples
1: There are 88 students in a classroom, and half of them are boys.
Find the number of girls in the classroom?
Ans: Total number of students in a class = 88
It is mentioned that half of the students are boys. So that means two
get the half value. We have to divide the whole number by 2 to get the
other half value as given

⇒882=44⇒882=44
Therefore the result is 44. It means that there are 44 boys and 44 girls
present in the classroom.

Many Ways to Cut into Half:

 We can cut an object into two equal halves in different ways.

 Example: In the given image below we can see that a square has
been divided into two equal parts in different ways.
 Image: Many ways to cut into Half

Half of Many Pieces:

 After dividing one thing/object into two equal parts. Again each
half can be divided into many pieces.

2: Krithi has two parts of diary milk chocolate. But she wants to
share the chocolate with her 8 friends equally. What can Krithi do?
Ans: If we observe the given chocolate it has been divided into 2 parts
where each part contains 4 pieces. So now Krithi can divide the 2 parts
of the chocolate into 8 equal parts by which she can share all 8 equal
pieces with her friends.

Image: Chocolate

Quarter:
 Dividing one object into four equal parts where each part is
known as Quater.
 We can also get the quarter by dividing the two halves of one
whole object into two more equal parts. Here each part is known
as one-quarter of the given object.

Image: Quarter

 Given below images shows how images are divided to get the
quarter part.

Image: Quarter part

 f quarter in fraction form: A quarter is written as 1414in
fraction form. It generally means 1 part out of 4.
 Image: ¼ part of circle

3: Shruthi is in the market and has only Rs 70 with her. Shruthi

wants to buy 1414 kg mangoes and 1414 kg apples. Can she buy all
the things on her shopping list? Kindly help her in calculating the
total amount?
Ans: Total money Keerthi has = Rs 70

Her shopping list includes = 1414 kg mango and 1414 kg apples.

Cost of 1 kg mango = Rs 100

Cost of 1414 kg of grapes = Rs. 14−2514−25

Cost of 1 kg apple = Rs 80

Cost of 1414 kg apple = Rs 1480−201480−20

Total cost of all the fruits = 25 + 20

Therefore total cost of fruits = Rs 45

Hence, Keerthi can buy all the fruits in her shopping list.

Many Ways to Make a Quarter:

 We can cut the object in many ways to make a quarter. The
below image gives an idea of different ways of cutting to get
equal quarters.
  Example: When you have a sandwich to share with your friends
equally try out the different ways mentioned below.

Image: Many ways to Make a quarter

Half and Quarter in Metres:

 Metre is the basic unit of length (or distance) in the Metric
System. It is used to measure the length. Here 1 metre is
represented as 1m.

Remember:1m=100cm
 Half of a metre is nothing but dividing the metre into two equal
parts. So Half of the metre is represented by 12m12�.
 A quarter of a metre is nothing but dividing the metre into four
equal parts. So a quarter of a metre is represented by 14m14�.
 We know that 1m = 100cm

Now,

12m=5012�=50cm
14m=2514�=25cm

Half and Quarter in Litres:

  A litre is one of the metric units of volume. Mostly we use litres
to measure the liquid form. Here 1 metre is represented as 1l.

Remember: 1 litre =1000 millilitres

 Half of a litre is nothing but dividing the litre into two equal
parts. So the half of the litre is represented by 12l12�.
 A quarter of a litre is nothing but dividing the litre into four equal
parts. So a quarter of a litre is represented by 14l14�.
 We know that 1 litre = 1000 millilitres
Now,

12liter=500millilitres12liter=500millilitres
14liter=250millilitres14liter=250millilitres

Practise Questions
1. If the cost of half of the jackfruits is 50 rupees then what will be
the cost of full jackfruit?
Ans: 100 rupees

2. Oliva has 100 chocolates. But she wants to know what is the
quarter of them?
Ans: 25 Chocolates

Revision Notes Class 3 Maths Chapter 14 - Smart Charts

Smart Charts
 A smart chart is a collection of information. This information is
collected by observations and measurements.
  Smart charts can involve tables, bar graphs (both horizontal and
vertical) etc.

 Smart charts are used to make data more presentable, visually

appealing and easy and quick to understand.

 Example: The following table shows the number of students who

want to go to a picnic and those who don’t want to go to a picnic

Number of Students Who Like Number of Students Who Don’t

To Go To The Picnic Like To Go To The Picnic

24 5

Tables
 Tables are made up of cells that are arranged in rows and
columns.

 There are no restrictions on the number of rows and columns a

table can have.

 Columns involve vertical grouping whereas rows involve

horizontal grouping.
 A smart chart showing columns, rows and cells

 They can be used to create lists, compare data, align and group
data, and so on.

 They are used to organise data that is too complicated to be

adequately described in the text, allowing the reader to see the
results quickly.

 Example: The following table shows the number of kids and their
respective no of hours of TV.
 The Number of Hours Kids Watch
Number of Kids
TV

More than 4 hours 2

Four hours 3

Three hours 6

Two hours 3

One hour 4

Zero hours (do not watch) 1

 Table helps us in easily analysing information and getting results

from it.

 Example: We can easily tell from the above table that four kids
watch TV for one hour.

Solved Example 1. From the above table can you tell the number of
kids who watch TV for more than four hours?
Ans: Clearly, from row one we can see that two kids watch TV for more
than four hours.

Extracting Data From the Table

Sometimes we are not given exact numbers directly in the table and we
need to extract information from it.

Let's understand this through an example.

Solved Example 1. Nikki made a list of her close friends and the video
games they like and don’t like.

My Friends Video Games they Video Games they Don’t

Name Like Like

Papi Moon Mario Minecraft

Ajju Super Mario Temple run

Franco Pubg Subway surfers

Chandler Temple run Pubg

Joey Super Mario Temple run

Observe the above data and answer the following questions.

Q. Which video game is liked by most of Nikki’s friends?

Ans. Observe that Super Mario appears two times in the second
column. Rest all games appear only once. Hence, Super Mario is the
most liked game by Nikki’s friends.

Q. Which video game is not liked by most of Nikki's friends?

Ans. Observe that Temple Run appears two times in the third column.
Rest all games appear only once. Hence, Temple Run is not liked by
most of Nikki’s friends.

Practical Applications of Table

  Daily attendance record is maintained in a table.

 School mark sheets are in form of a table.

 Your school exam timetable/ daily class timetable also uses a

table.

How to Make a Table?

Step 1: Collect data for the table.

Step 2: Select the method of grouping.

Step 3: Draw the table.

Let’s understand this with the help of an example.

Solved Example 1. In a class, 25 kids love to drink milk, 10 kids love

to drink coffee and 5 kids love to drink tea. Represent data in a
table.
Hint: Make two columns, one for the number of kids and another for
the drink they like.
Ans:
Step 1: Data is already collected and given in the question.

Step 2: We will make two columns one for the number of kids and
another for the drink they like.

Step 3: Let’s draw the table:

Type of Drink Number of Kids

Milk 25

Coffee 10

Tea 5

What is a Chart?
 A chart is a graphical representation of data.

 Data can be represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart.

 The length of bars in a bar chart is proportional to their values.

 Bar charts can be horizontal or vertical. (if bars are vertical we

call it a vertical bar chart and if bars are horizontal then we call it
a horizontal bar chart)

Drawing a Chart
Step 1: Collect the data.

Step 2: Choose the type of chart.

Step 3: Choose an axis.

Step 4: Draw the chart.

Let’s understand this through an example:

 Given that 5 kids like Oranges, 2 kids like Apples, 6 kids like
Bananas, and 3 kids like Kiwi.

 Let’s make a vertical bar chart for this.

 Let the horizontal axis represent the type of fruit and the vertical
axis represent the number of kids.

 We get the following graph.

A Smart chart with a horizontal axis representing the type of fruit
and a vertical axis representing the number of kids

Horizontal Bar Chart

 Sometimes instead of making vertical bars we make horizontal
bars also. Such a graph we call a Horizontal bar graph.

 Example following bar graph shows the number of frog homes

present in trees, gardens and ponds.



A smart chart showing the number of frog homes present in trees,
gardens and ponds

Reading the Chart

We can read data by observing the length of bars.

In the above graph, seven frogs live in the garden as seven green boxes
are present.
Similarly, we can find the number of frogs living in the tree and pond as
four and five respectively.

Practice Questions:
Q1. The following bar chart shows the number of children who like
a particular fruit. Can you tell which fruit is liked most by children
and which is liked least by children?
 A bar chart with particular fruit liked by the number of children

Answers.
Ans: Most liked fruit: Banana

Least liked fruit: Pineapple

Q 2. The following table shows the number of children who liked a

particular sport. Can you tell how many children like Football?
Also, tell whether it is the most liked sport or not.

Type of Sports Number of kids

Cricket 25

Football 10

Table Tennis 5
Ans: 10 children play football. No, it’s not the most liked sport.
Importance of CBSE Class 4 Maths The Way of The World
Air Journey
 Air travel is thrilling for kids and they are very excited to look
below from the above. And they want to see how many things
look like from the sky.

 Example: Fan looks from below.

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 Image: View of fan

Object view from different distance

 Rail Track

Example: At the start, the point track looks big and when it goes
away it looks narrow.

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Image: View of railway track

 Rail track view from the sky

View of the rail track from the sky looks like parallel lines

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Image: View of railway track from the sky

 Parallel lines: Parallel lines are the lines that do not cross or
meet each other at any point.
Different Angles of The Same Object.
 Two different views of the same object.

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Image: View of the object

 Upside View: View of upper part of the objects

 Downside View: View of lower part or down part of the objects

 In photo 1 objects are in the upside view and in photo 2 objects

are in the downside view.

 Two different views of a pipe.

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Image: View of the pipe

 Two different views of a letter and their different meaning.

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 Image: Two different view of same Alphabet

 Two different views of a number and their different meanings.

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Image: Two different view of same number

2D Shapes
 2D Shapes are flat, like drawings on a piece of paper.

 They only have two measurements - length and width.

 This is why they are called two-dimensional, or 2D!

 Examples: Square, rectangle, circle, triangle etc.

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 (image will be uploaded soon)

Image: 2D Shapes

3D shapes
 3D objects take up space

 They have three measurements - length, width and height

 This is why they are called three-dimensional, or 3D.

 Examples: cube, cuboid, sphere, cone, cylinder etc.

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Image: 3D Shapes

Views of 3D shapes
 Any three-dimensional figure or shape has a top view, side view,
and front view.

 Top View: Shape of the object when you see the object from the
top or from directly above called the Top view of an object.

 Side View: Shape of the object when you see the object from one
side as mentioned in the below figure.
  Front View: Shape of the object when you see the object from the
front direction as mentioned in the below figure.

Sr. View of 3D
Top View Side View Front View
No Object

Cube Square Square Square

(image will be (image will be (image will be (image will be
1
uploaded uploaded uploaded uploaded
soon) soon) soon) soon)

Cylinder Circle Rectangle Rectangle

(image will be (image will be (image will be (image will be
2
uploaded uploaded uploaded uploaded
soon) soon) soon) soon)

Cone
Circle Triangle Triangle
(image will be
(image will be (image will be (image will be
3 uploaded
uploaded uploaded uploaded
soon)
soon) soon) soon)

Square
pyramid Square Triangle Triangle
(image will be (image will be (image will be (image will be
4
uploaded uploaded uploaded uploaded
soon) soon) soon) soon)

Solved Example 1: Fill in the blanks in the following table

 3D shape Top View Front View Side View

Cube ………….. ………….. …………..

Cylinder ………….. ………….. …………..

Cone ………….. ………….. …………..

Square Pyramid ………….. ………….. …………..

Sphere ………….. ………….. …………..

Ans:

3D shape Top View Front View Side View

Cube Square Square Square

Cylinder Circle Rectangle Rectangle

Cone Circle Triangle Triangle

Square Pyramid Square Triangle Triangle

Sphere Circle Circle Circle

Solved Example 2: There is a cubical box and each face has a

number on it as shown in the following figure

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 Image: Dice

If numbers on the opposite faces of this box add up to 7. Find

1. Which number is on the opposite side of 2?

2. Which number will be at the bottom?

3. If you open it up, draw an image to show the pattern.

Ans:

1. Here, the sum of the numbers on the opposite faces is 7.

Therefore, 5 is on the opposite side of 2. Because 2 + 5 = 7

2. Again, the sum of the number on the opposite face is 7,

Therefore, 6 will be at the bottom because 1 + 6 = 7

3. We can say, 4 is on the opposite side of 3 because 4 + 3 = 7

 5 is on the opposite side of 2.

 6 is on the opposite side of 1.

The required pattern will be

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Image: Net pattern of dice

Solved Example 3: Choose the image corresponding to the correct
view.

Sr. no Images view

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1 (image will be uploaded soon)
soon)

(image will be uploaded

2 (image will be uploaded soon)
soon)

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3 (image will be uploaded soon)
soon)

(image will be uploaded

4 (image will be uploaded soon)
soon)

(image will be uploaded

5 (image will be uploaded soon)
soon)

Ans:
1. (c) On the top view, there are only 2 boxes. Therefore, option (c)
is the correct option.

2. (c) On the front view, there are 6 boxes. Therefore, option (c) is
the correct option.

3. (a) On the side view, there are two columns, each of the 4 boxes.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

4. (c) On the top view, there are two columns, each of the 6 boxes.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
 5. (b) On the front view, there are two columns, each of the 3 boxes.
Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

https://www.vedantu.com/revision-notes/cbse-class-4-maths-notes-
chapter-5-the-way-the-world-looks

https://www.vedantu.com/revision-notes/cbse-class-4-maths-notes-
chapter-8-carts-and-wheels

https://www.vedantu.com/revision-notes/cbse-class-4-maths-notes-
chapter-13-fields-and-fences

Practice Question
Q1. Identify the front view, side view and top view.

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Ans:
a. Front view

b. Side View

c. Top View

Q2. Identify the front view, side view and top view.

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Ans:
a. Side View
 b. Top View

c. Front View

Q3. Draw the left side view of the following shape and write the
name of the shape of this view.

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Image: Cone

Ans: The left side view will be a circle.

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