Synthesis of Sentences

Synthesis of Sentences means the combination of a number of Simple

Sentences into one new sentence.

COMBINATION OF SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO ONE SIMPLE SENTENCE

Two or more Simple Sentences can be combined into one Simple Sentence
using:

• A Participle

1. He was tired. He went to sleep.

Being tired, he went to sleep.

2. He had his rest. He began to work.

Having had his rest, he began to work.

An Infinitive

1. He is going to Kolkata. He will establish his business there.

 He is going to Kolkata to establish his business there.

2. She is very fat. She cannot run.

She is too fat to run.

A Preposition with a Noun or a Gerund

1. She heard the news of her husband's death. She fainted.

On hearing the news of her husband's death, she fainted.

2. He gave them his valuable advice. He helped them with money.

Besides giving them his valuable advice, he helped them with money.

•An Absolute Phrase

 1. The weather was fine. We played cricket.

The weather being fine, we played cricket.

2. The police arrived. The mob dispersed.

The police having arrived, the mob dispersed.

• An Adverb or an Adverbial Phrase

1. He forgot to bring the keys. That was unfortunate.

He unfortunately forgot to bring the keys.

2. The sun had set. He had not returned home.

He had not returned home by sunset.

A Noun or a Phrase in Apposition

 1. Suresh is a good batsman. He made a hundred runs yesterday.

Suresh, a good batsman, made a hundred runs yesterday.

2. The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan. It is the finest mausoleum in the
world.

The Taj Mahal, the finest mausoleum in the world, was built by Shah Jahan.

COMBINATION OF SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO ONE COMPOUND SENTENCE

Simple Sentences may be combined into a Compound Sentence using

Coordinating Conjunctions as follows:

Using Cumulative Conjunctions (both and, not only but also, as well as, and)

He is hardworking. He is sincere. He is hardworking and sincere,

OR: He is both hardworking and sincere.

OR: He is not only hardworking but also sincere.

OR: He is hardworking as well as sincere.

• Using Adversive Conjunctions (but, still, however, yet, nevertheless)

1. She failed. She persevered.

She failed, nevertheless she persevered.

2. Ravi is dishonest. People love him

Ravi is dishonest, still (yet) people love him.

3. He will not oppose my plan. He cannot approve of it.

He will not oppose my plan; he cannot, however, approve of it.

4. The train was damaged. No one was hurt.

The train was damaged but no one was hurt.

• Using Alternative Conjunctions (or, either...or, neither...nor)

1. We must run. The robbers will overtake us.

We must run or the robbers will overtake us.

2 Come in. Go out.

Either come in or go out.

3. Do not borrow. Do not lend.

Neither borrow nor lend.

Using Illative Conjunctions (therefore, for, so)

1. Raman was stubborn. He was punished.

Raman was stubborn; so he was punished.

2. At the sight of the teacher, there was silence in the class. The students
were afraid of him.

At the sight of the teacher, there was silence in the class; for the students
were afraid of him.

3. He was found guilty. He was hanged.

He was found guilty, therefore he was hanged.

COMBINATION OF SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO ONE COMPLEX SENTENCE

A Complex Sentence is made up of a Principal Clause and one or more

Subordinate Clauses.

There are three kinds of Subordinate Clauses:

The Noun Clause: It does the work of a Noun in a Complex Sentence; as:
He thought that he was clever. (He thought what? He thought that he was
clever.)

The Adjective Clause: It does the work of an Adjective in a Complex

Sentence; as:

Servants who are honest are trusted. (What type of servants? Servants
toho are honest.)

The Adverb Clause: It does the work of an Adverb in a Complex Sentence;

as:

Using a Noun Clause

1. Ali is innocent. This is our belief.

Our belief is that Ali is innocent.

2. Ravi will not come back soon. He told this to his friends.

Ravi told his friends that he would not come back soon.

3. Charlie may be guilty. We do not know

We do not know whether Charlie is guilty.

4. Alka is absent today. Do you know the reason?

Do you know why Alka is absent today?

Using an Adjective Clause

1. I met Rajiv's father. He is now a Police Inspector.

I met Rajiv's father who is now a Police Inspector.

2. My sister will always be grateful to you. You helped her.

My sister, whom you helped, will always be grateful to you.

• Using an Adverb Clause

1. He cannot pass. He must work hard.

He cannot pass unless he works hard. (CONDITION)

2. Gafur is content. He is poor.

Gafur is content though he is poor. (CONTRAST)

3. Amit is clever. Rohit is equally clever.

Amit is as clever as Rohit. (COMPARISON)

 4. My sister is going to Japan. She wishes to become a doctor.

My sister is going to Japan because she wishes to become a doctor.

(REASON)

5. Anil is working hard. He wants to pass the examination.

Anil is working hard that he may pass the examination. (PURPOSE)

6. Fools rush in some places. Angels fear to tread there.

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. (PLACE)

7. You may sow in some way. You reap in the same way.

As you sow, so you reap. (MANNER)

8. The bell rang. All the boys went home.

As soon as the bell rang, all the boys went home. (TIME)