Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 25 views

    Suspension and Steering

    Uploaded by

    coronacoraline

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content

    You might also like

    Suspension and Steering

    Uploaded by

    coronacoraline
    25 views41 pages

    Original Title

    Suspension+and+Steering

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    25 views41 pages

    Suspension and Steering

    Uploaded by

    coronacoraline

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 41
    SUSPENSION Section 10 AND STEERING Contents Introduction 4. General Description Front Suspension Fear Suspension ring Maintenance 34 |. Troubleshooting Basic Troubleshooting Principles Diagnostic Inspection and Testing Tire Weer 'solating Pulirg Syenptoms Viera Wheels, Tires, and Alignmont ne Wheels and Tires, Wheels Ties Winter Tires Alignment Four-wheel! Alignment Camber Adjustment Toe Agjusiment Canterine Adjustment (four-wheo! alignment only) Alignment Spectications Suspension Front Suspension Stuts Checking Shack Absocbers 10 10 10 Removing and instaling Front Suspension Sts Disassembing and Assembling F? Suspension Strut Drive Axles and Constant Velocity Joints Removing and Instaling Drive Axles Removing and instating Constant Velocty Joints, Disassembling and Inspecting Constant Velocity Joints Control Arms. Removing and Instaling Control Arms, Control Arm Bushings Ball Joints Inspecting and Replacing Control Aern Ball Joints, Bearings Removing and Installing Whee! Bearing Housings and Wheel Bearings Rear Suspension 61 63 Fear Shock Absorbers and Springs Removing and Installing Rear Shock Absorbers and Springs Rear Wheel Bearings. Removing and Installing Rear Whee! Bearings Adjusting Rear Whee! Bearings. ear Axle Beam Femoving and Installing Rear Suspension as a Unit Replacing Axle Beam Bushings Removing and Installing Rear Stabilizer Bar (Checking Rear Stub Axle 1" 12 13 19 16 is 19 19 20 ot 2 28 28 10-2 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 7. Steering 7A Steering Colurnn i Installing Steering Wheel smoving and Installing 1g Columa Switch Replacing ignitionStecring Lock Cylinder Steering Gear and Tie Rods ingpecting Tie Fad Ende Replacing Inner Tie Red Boots Replacing and Adjusting Tie Rods. Centering Manual Steering Rack ‘Adjusting Steering Gearbox. Removing and installing Steering Gearbox Powar-Assisted Steering Draining and Filing Power Steering Fluid Pressure Testing Power Steering System Purp Powar Steerir 8, Airbag Airbag System Warnings Aithag Component Warnings When to Replace Airbag Components Steering Column 9. Technical Data 1. Tightening Torquas. TABLES ‘a. Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting b. Alignment Specttications 38 39 3a 39 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-3 Suspension and Steering Introduction Both Cabriolet and Scirocco are equipped with a strut-type independent front suspension and a torsion-beam rear axle and traling arm assembly. The front suspension struts are inte {grated spring and shock absorber units, The rear suspension has separate shock absorbers ‘mounted inside coi springs. This type of suspension systems one of the most commonly used systems in contemporary automotive design for the spacific reason that it provides ex- cellent steering and handling in a compact size with comparatively ight weight The front suspension struts have been designed to provide a negative steering roll radius ‘That is, the stesring axis of each strut intersects the road surface at a point outboard of the wheal’ vertical centerline. This suspension geometry tends to steer the car automatically in the direction of a skid caused by unequal front whee! traction. Conventional front suspension geometry, which places the staaring axes inboard ofthe tre centerlines, tends to steer the car inthe opposite direction, thereby increasing the severty ofthe skid. ‘The rear suspension has been dasigned for low unsprung weight, easy replacement of “springs and shock absorbers, and good ride and handing qualities, The main axle beam is, somewhat flexisle. Uneven rear suspension loads cause tha axla beam o twist slightly thus acting as a stabilizer bar. This suspension design yields many desired performance benefits \which ate otherwise only available fram mere complicated and expensive kinds of indepen. dent suspension The steering utilizes a rack and pinion steaning gear to minimize weight and space requite- ments, with tie rods connecting the rack to the front suspansion, The steering colurnn is con: nectecito the steering gear by a universal joint shaft, The universal joint shaft is angled in order to prevent colision impacts from forcing the steering wheel toward the driver. Beginning with +1980 models, the steering column assembly also houses an aibagto protectthe drverin afron: talcollision. Spocial procedures anc Warnings apply to any repairs on airbag-equipped cars, The infotmation in this section of the manuals intanded as.a resource for professional auto- ative technicians as well as a guide to Cabriolet and Scirocco owners, Some of the repairs or procedures may require special equipment and priar knowledge of typical suspension and steoring repair practices. 'you lack the skills, tools, ora suitable workplace for a particular re pair, we suggest that you leave the job to an authorized Volkswagen dealer or other qualified shop. We aspecially urge you to chack with yout authorized Volkswagen dealer Service de- partment before baginning any repairs on acar which may be covered wholly orin part by any of the extensive warranties issued by Volkswagen United States, Inc. 10-4 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Cabrioiat and Scitoceo suspension and steering systems are designed to provide excellant handling and comfort white ‘minimizing weight and space requirernents. Athough the front ‘and rear suspension systems are independent sub-systems, and are of completely diferent designs, they work together to achieve Volkswagen's outstanding combination of pracice handing and ride comfort. Troubleshooting, maintenance, land repair should always consider the condition of both front ‘and ear suspension systems, as wellas the steering system 4.1 Front Suspension Fig. 1-1 shows the components ofthe front suspension sys tem. The lawer conteal arms, sometimes called wishbonas or Acaims, connect to mounting points on the unitized body. Each frant suspension strut is a shock absorber and coll spring in one unit. The hydraulic shock absorber is inside the tubular strut housing. The front whee! bearing housing wth its integral tearing arm is a sepatate component that is boltedto the ‘ower end of the strut and mounted to the control arr with bail joint. Suspension travel s linited by rubber bump stops that are part of each strut assembly, ei acusimert eccandris bot ont busing for 690 Fig. 1-1, Fon suspension assert ‘The two ¥-shaped control arms position the lower ends of the suspension struts. The ball joints are rivetedito the control arms during manufactute—replacements are installed with bolts. There ars nc adjustments for front whee! alignment on the contrat arms. Tae 1s acjusted by altering the lenath of the right-hand steering tis rod. Camber is adjusted by means of an ‘eccentric bolt at the lower strut-mounting point. There is no provision for caster adjustment. A stabilizer bar mounted in rubber bushings is connected to both control arms and red ‘es body toll during comering, Scirocco 16V models feature an ‘additional fower front suspension support to help stifen the suspension mounting points. 1.2 Rear Suspension ‘he rear suspension system is shown in Fig. 1-2. The beartype rear axle ig a one-pioce walded assembly of axio beam and tring arms which yields constant toe and camber ‘Whroughout the range of suspension travel, The axle beam t- sof acts as a stabilizer bar, ts torsional stifiness helping to re- ‘duce body roll during cornering. Rear whee! stub axles are bolted tothe traling arms, The rear suspension “strus” are ac- ‘wally separate coll springs mounted concentrically with shock absorbers. They ate easily removed and installed and, unlike the front struts, do not require a special spring compressor for assembly and disassembly. ack ancl pnton storing get Ltt Fig. 1-2, Rear suspen ssserby showing} one pene a ang arm esa 1.3 Steoring Tnerack andpinion steering gear is mounted behind he en- gine andthe transaxle. This location protectsthe steering gear from weather and from damage in all but the mast severe col- ‘sions, The steering gear andthettie rod ands are permanently lubricated and da not roquire any routine maintenance in ror mal sevice. An adjusting screw on the steering gear provides mean of adustment, but no routing adjustment is required, Baginning with 1980 models, the Cabriolet is equipped with 2 dver-side airbag, Special procedures and Warnings apply to-any repair work an aitbag-equipped cars, WARNING — + Tho arhag is operated by an explosive device, Hanaled improperly or without adequate sate: guard, 1 ean bo accidanty activated and cause Serious personal ingiy + Toroughy road al Cautions and Warnings at tho font of ths manual and in 8. Airbag botore bogiining any work on an airbag equipped car SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-5. 2. MAINTENANCE Volkswagen specifies the maintenance steps listed below, to be carried out at particular time or mileage intervals for proper maintenance of the suspension and steering. A num- borin bold type refers to information inthis section, under that ‘oumbered heading. See LUBRICATION AND MAINTE- NANCE for information about the other listed items, and for the praseribed maintenance intervals, 1, Checking power steating fluid level 2, Inspecting constant velocity (CV) joints and boots. 5:2 3, Inspecting ball joints. 5.4 4. Inspecting tie rods and tie rod bocts. 7.2 3. TROUBLESHOOTING ‘This troubleshooting section applies to problems affecting fide comion, steering, stability and handling. Such problems are likely to be caused by worn or damagad suspension or steering parts, but a problem such as a consistent pul tothe left or ight may also be causedby tauly brakes. Forbrake sys: temiroubleshooting, see BRAKES. 10-6 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 3.1 Basle Troubleshooting Principles Fide comfort and stabiity both depend on the suspension and steering systems controling the positions and movements ‘ofthe wheels, These systerns must allow controled movement 0 thatthe wheels can steer and react to bumps, but they also ‘imit and precisely position the wheels so that the car is stable. contiolable, and predictable. Any symptom of instabity oF imprecise road feel may be caused by worn or damaged suspension and steering components side from inspection for worn parts, troubleshooting must also consider tires, whee's, and their alignment. Tie wear and inflation prossures can dramaticaly affect handling. Subte inegulatties in wheel alignment angles aso affect stabilty Tires of mixed brands or sizes affect alignment and may un- balance a car's haneting. ‘Table a lists symptoms of suspension and steering prob- toms and their probable causes, and suggests correctve ac tions. The boldlace numbers in the Corrective acton column reler to headings in this section where the repairs are de- sorbed ‘Table a. Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting ‘Symptom | Probable cause 1.Pubto one side, | a Incorect tre pressure ‘wandering | |B. Defectveineveniy worn tre | & incorrect whe! alignment | Worn rar axe boar pio bushings | e-Fauty bakes | | | i 2. Stecsing nea 9001 Sehoestenng ‘a. Income! tre esse », Worn front sna bearings Fey rivers jon sha 1 Binding steering gear ©. Low power steering fd | | | | | | f. Loose o” broken power sleing pump voet 9. Fauty power stoenng pump Air in power steoring Fuld tre pressure | | | 3 '. Loose whee! hig bots ©. Bent whee! sin | 4. Unbalanced wheslatras 8. Shura oF vraton when acceerating '. Fauty ner constant velocty (OV) yom) a Incorect ie pressure 5. Stecting loose, ovpreciee '. Worn ti roc! end) {Wor conirl ann bal sts) 4. Fauity ror whee bearings Worn slong gear 4. Worn universal joint shalt Corrective action {Check and comet te pressures. See LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE | Inspect res and replace as needed. 4.1 | 6: Check ana adst whee alignment 42 | 4 Replace ave heam bushings 63 | 0. See BRAKES. | a Check and conect ee pressures See LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE Remove and esassemble rot sts Replace st bearings. 8.1 «Replace shat ascembsy. 7.4 4. Adjust steering gear. 72 «©. Check power slerng ie and ad as required, See LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE {Inspect Vine. Tighten or place as necessary. Ses LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE. ‘9. Test and, f necessary, replace pump. 7.3 Rapa air lank a, necessary, 300 hh 7.3 2. Check and cowrec: ie presses, See LUBRICATION AND |S uninrenance | baton iug bats to propor forquc. | ¢ Inspect wheets and replace as necessary. 4. 4. Baianoe tyes. Check for uneven wear pars. 44 ‘a. Replace inner CV joints). $2 {8 Check apd correc tre pressures. See LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE 1. Replace ie rx and align. 7.2 «Replace ball joints) and align. 5.4 «Replace whee! bearings). 5.5 8. Check and adjust steering gear. 7.2 {Laplace shat assemoly. 7.1 ‘continued on next page SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-7 Table a. Suspension and Steering Troubleshooting (continued) Symptom 2, Front woe! noe, continuous growling, | ‘may be more noviowabe won [sea Probable cause Yorn Wonk wheel bearings) Faulty wansasio 9. Font who nase, ratcheting. cicking. | | mostsevec wren | turning ane sealer 10. Rese whee! nase, sereping.eragging 2. Falec outer constant velosty @V) joints) {8 Worniimpronerly adjusted rear whee! bearings Faulty oar brakes 11, Steering surges oF ‘umn 3.2 Diagnostic inspection and Testing €8, Low power steering ua evel Ue azag__| D HORSE Powe temng pum Vet Sms | «rany pone sera puve Lt 4. Air in power steering fluid Suspension and steering problems can usually be isolated ang at least partially diagnosed by careful consideration of the symptoms and inspection of the components which are most, Tkoly fo cause such a symptom, Tire Wear Tie tiead wear, while nota source of immediate feedback, ‘can be an indicator of suspension andi steering problems. Proper tie tread wear is dificult o notice, sotres are made with, ‘wear indicator bars which visually indicate when the te is nearly wom-out, These wear indicator bars show up as evenly ‘spaced bald “strpos” running across the tread surface, as shown in Fig. 3+ Fig. 3-1. Tins sear powey en wor He Uneven tre wear usually indicates improper tire inflation pressures or a misalignment condition. Fig. 3-2ilustrates how Iie infition pressures influence tire woar, Tie woar that is Uneven across the treac-one side worn more than the other I Corrective action | a. Repiace tant whoe! bearings). 6.5 | Sue MANUAL TRANSMISSION AND CLUTCH or AUTOMATIC “TRANSMISSION ‘a, Replace outer CV joins). 5.2 ‘a. Adjust or replace bearings. 62 Soe BRAKES ‘Chock power sleerng fluid and add as requred. See LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE blnspact oat. Tgtten or raplace as necessary See LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE . Test and, H necessary, replace pump 7.3 |. Repair air ieak and, necessary, add Maid. 7.3 | ‘oF unusual wear of individual tread blocks — probably indicates fan alignment problem. Cupping or scalloping —wear that is. Uneven around the circumference of the tre —is « teltale sign of a tre balance problem or a worn-out shock absorber. 16 efor pressure on wear patton, sin A is normal Cerxicn Bs averiaon which increases wearin certer offre tad. Con Cor © is undertow incetses wom on ‘or ges re toed On Isolating Pulling Symptoms Consistent pulling to one side ina car driven straight ahead ‘ona level aad may be caused by either suspension misaligr- ‘ment oF a faulty tre. in more unusual cases, a brake problem may be the cause. ‘To help decide whether algnment or tres are at faut, ter porary swap the front tires and then road test the cay. Ia tite problem is the cause of the pulling symptom, the problem ‘should switch to the other side of the car when the tires are ‘switched, and it should now pull to the other sido. # the symptom is unchanged, then the problem is probably align: ‘ment, which is unatlected by swapping tes 10-8 SUSPENSION AND STEERING caurion — Tre manufacturers gonenaly recommend eaving ria roe, ones mounted, om one ike ofthe ar 0 that thay always tum i the aame dracton, Temporary sideovsico swaps are acceptable for agnosie: purposes, Voksnagen 99 Bearing —— Nt 20 Ne (15 1 Lower spring seat —— oo A — Fear aale beam 60 Nim (49) as b as nim 32) Fig. 6-1. Exploded view of rear suspension, showng 2 vd are of assembhy WARNING Removing and Installing Rear ot. Fatonore that aro wom or dsfomedt Shock Absorbers and Springs ny fasloners are designed fo be hanging unsupported and damaging the brake To remove and instal: 1 Inside the car, snap off the plastic cap that covers the upper shock absorber mount. Loosen and remove the ‘aul and the washer beneath the nut 2. Raise the car slowly unt the coil spring is unloaded and the top of the shook absorber and spring assembly begins to pull away from the body. pension for @ iting port Inning arms must not be suriparting the car The axle beam and 8. Position jack stands to support the car securely. Remove the nut and bott that mount the bottom of the shock absocber to the trang arm, and remove the assembly from the ca 4 On installation, torque the bolt ane nut atthe bottom of the shock absorber to 45 Nm (33 ft. lb). Torque the top mauinting nut to 31.8 Nm (23 ff). 8.2 Rear Wheel Bearings The rear wheel bearings are dual tapered roller bearings. The inner beaving 1aces fk on the stub axles. The replaceable outer caces are pressed into the brake drum or rotor. Fig. 6-2 is an exploded view of the rear wheel bearings and drum, Drakes, Cars with rear dise brakes are simi. ner cet ew treet bearing outer race acing pl Fig. 6-2. Goa vow of rear ade ard whee! beatings One brake model chown, Care ih tear dec brakes ae sim SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-25 ear wheel bearing service consists of romoving the bear- ings, cleaning and inspecting the bearings and outer races, repaicking with Fresh grease, and adjusting. Removing and Installing Rear Whee! Bearings ‘The rear whee! bearings can be removed, installed, and adjusted using ordinary hand tools. the bearings are to be replaced, the bearing outer races (which are provided wth the new bearings) should be replaced also. The races are most easily and propery insialed using a press. The axe nut harc- ware is lockad in place with a cotter pin which should always be replaced rather than reused To remove: 1. Raise the rear of the car, support it securely on jack stands which are designed forthe purpose, and remove the wheel 2. On cars with drum brakes, fuly back off the brake ac |sler (adjust the brake shoes away from the drum) as escribor in BRAKES. (On cars with roar disc brakes, remove the rear brake caliper, as descsbed in BRAKES, and hang it out of tre way wethout disconnecting the brake fine, using sti wire oF equivalent, 4. Pry off the grease cap in the center ofthe brake drum or disc, remove the cotter pin ane! nut lock, and then re: move the axle nut, the thrust washer, and the outer bearing hearng outer race WARNING — Do not rouse fastaners tat are wom or deformed Innomal uso, Many are designed (obo used only ‘ence and may fal when used @socond fimo, Ths nolo sodooking nut, ashore andl otto pins ‘Amays replace these fastoners wi new pats. 10-26 SUSPENSION AND STEERING NoTE— 1 the trust washer and outer bearing ar uclant to move, head the axle nid Back on, ‘eavng 8 sight gap between it and the trust washer. A sight jee on the brake drum, puling ‘way trom the ca. wil loosen the bearing and fhust washer. The nit will rovent seatering the parts on the ground. Remove the brake drurn or rotor. Pll straight off the Stub avie to prevent darnage tothe bearing races and the threads of the stub axle, 16. Working on the back side of the brake drum oF rotor, pry the grease seal out ofthe recess in the hub. Lif out the inser bearing. replaced, use a brass oii or punch to drive the outer bearing races out ofthe hub. A brass rif is used to avoid damaging the machined surfaces of the hu Yo insta 1. Clean the hub and the bearings in solvent and fet cry thoroughly. Dry with comprossed air if available, CAUTION Bo not use gasoline as a sovent, as it wit Femove al ubviomion, Also, do rat it blasts of commpressod ai in the uniubricated bearings 2. Inspect the beating rofers and races, Replace any tt pitted, burred, rough, or heat-biued. stall the outer bearing races in the hub, using a hy draulic press a8 shown in Fig. 63 and Fig. 6-4 4. Pack the inner bearing with multipurpose grease. Coat the bearing outer races in the hub with grease. and lightly coat the interior of the hub to prevent corrosion, caurion— iy mastiaurpose (ithiam) grease to lube ale the rear wheel Dearngs. Other greases w rot maintain adil lubrication and may foad to bearing faire NOTE When packing bearings, cup the grease inthe pal o! your hand an fee into the bearing all possible ways, especialy atounc tho rors 19 the ands, un the Besing is completly ‘ea wits grease and oozes out the other side, Tin doubt pack in some more. Fig. 03.1 shel beating outs race beng presse rio hub Brake urn shown. insaaton in coc Fig. 64. Now inner wheat boar outer rio thi Brake. um Sh Pace the inner beating in its outer race on the back side of the hub, and press in anew grease seal Lightly coat the surface of the stub axe with grease, and siide the brake drum oF rotor anto the stub axe. Move carefully to avoid damaging the grease seal or the bear- ing races on the threads cf the stub axle, Pack the outer bearing with multipurpose grease, and Slide it over the stub axle andinio ts outer race. Install the thrust washer and the axe nut. Tighten the nut until the bearings ust contact their outer aces and the assembly lust starts to become snug. 8, Adjust wheal bearing end thrust as described below in Adjusting Rear Wheel Bearings 2, Flltho grease cap with approximately 10 grams (about oz} of rmutipurpose grease. Install the grease cap 3 2 sotl-faced mall. the disc brake caliper or adjust the drum brakes scribed in BRAKES, all the wheat and tite, Tightening torque fer the ug bolts is 110. Nm (81 Fb) Adjusting Rear Wheel Bearings his adjustment must be made any time the rearbrake drumor ise brake rotor has baen removed, Other periodic bearing ad iustments to compansate for wear may help to increase beat ing life or give early waming of excessive wear and the need for replacement. The only materials needed ate a litle extra multipurpose grease tor the grease cap, and new cotter pins, WARNING — Do not muse fasteners t or doormed norm use, Many fastonore are deetgned lo bo ny once aid becom unvaliela nd may I when usod.a second te This includes, biti boll, washers, soflockng nats ine and coer pins. Alves rapace ners wth new pans, freae fast To adjust: oe the rear ofthe ear and support it sacurely on jack Flamova the wheal the grease cap in the center of the brake drum © brake rator, remove the cotter pin and nut lock, then loosen the axle nut ame wheel bearings, especially naw ones. have just en installed, tompararily torque the axle nutto 10 Nev ib.), while slowly turning the brake drum or rotor hand, Then foosen the nut slighty, caunion — Avoid overtorquing the amde mut, as this may ‘damage the bosnngs and the bearing races. axie nut again, slowly and in small ine unt the tvust washer can just be moved back and forth wih light prassure on from a screwdriver, a5 shown in Fig. 6. Nore — ot twist pry wih the SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-27 5. Alter the whee! bearings are correctly adjusted, instabthe nut lock So that its projections do not cover the cotter pin le. necassary, tighten the axle nut sightly so that the rut Teck wil align with the hola in the stub axle. Then installa new cotter pi, 6.3 Rear Axle Beam The rear suspension can be removed and installed as a unit for replacement or for facilitating rear body repairs, The axlo beam is mounted to the body by brackets at the front af the axle, cushioned and supported by replaceable rubber bush ings. The axle bear bushings can be replaced with the axle installed, Removing and Installing Rear Suspension as a Unit 1e car must be raised high enough to remove the axle assembly, so a litt or a jack and suitable jack stands are required. Removal of the axle assembly also requires discon necting brake Ines tothe rear wheels, and bleeding the brakes ‘shen reinstallation is complete, To remove: 1. Disconnect the parking brake cables at the parking brake lever between the front seats. See BRAKES, NOTE — be raised and safely supported the shook absorber and spring ints can stay attached tothe axle bean notlom and be remaved with the axle bear Remove the rear shock absorbers and springs as de- cried above in Removing and Installing Rear Shock. Absorbers and Springs 10-28 SUSPENSION AND STEERING Disconnect the flexible rear brake hoses trom the rigid bbrake ines near the forward edge of the axle beam, Cap ‘both ends of the open connaction to prevent contami ration 4. While supporting the front of the ale beam so that it cannot fall, loosen and remove the nuts which hold the axle beam mounting brackets to the car body. 5. Remove the rear suspension assembly by puiling t out to To install: Ifthe axle bear inounting brackets Rave been removed from the axle beam, or i the pivot bolls have been loosened. align the mounting brackels as shown in Fig 186, ther torque the pivot bolts and their nuts 10 60 Nm (48 Rb), t ‘30 Neva I 2. Position the rear suspension assembly under the car ial the mounting nuts, Torque them to 45 Nav ( Clean the brake line unions and reconnect the fexibie brake hoses tothe rigid brake lines. Torque the unions 10 18 to 20 Nm (11 to 15 Ib) 4. Remount the rear shock absorbers and springs. Gare {uly lower the car while guiding the top shock absorber mounts into their mounting holes. 5. Reconnect the top shock absorber mounts as described in Removing and Installing Rear Shock Absorbers ‘and Springs. Torque the nuls to 31.5 Nm (23 ib) 6. Reconnect the parking brake cables. the brakes and adjust the parking brake as de- scribed in BRAKES, Replacing Axle Beam Bushings Axle beam bushings are replaces by pressing the old bush: ings out ofthe axie beam mounting bracket, and pressing the ‘new bushings in, To replace the axle beam bushings without removing the axle beam, support the asle beam and the car ‘equally 50 that the pivot bolts are not under load. Work on one side at a time. Remove the nuts that hold the axle mounting to the body, and remove the axle pivat balt. Then remove the ‘mounting ane! replace the bushing, Installations the reverse of removal, Align the axle mounting vith the axle as shown above in Fig, 6-6. Torque the pivot bolts and their nuts 10 80 Nm (aa ft, b), and torque the bracket mounting nuts to 45 Nm (33 fb) Removing and Installing Rear Stabilizer Bar The rear stabiizer bar is held in place by two steel straps {ang two mounting brackets. See Fig. 6-1 above. To remove the bar, drive ofthe securing clips tthe bottoms of the straps using ‘a hammer, and remove the nuts thal secure the mounting brackets, Replace any rubber bushings that are cracked or ‘wor. install the straps by frst holding the ends closed with locking piers, and then slipping cn the lps. Torque the nuts fon the mounting brackets 10 30 Nm (22.4. In) Checking Rear Stub Axle ‘To check the rear stub aide for bending or distortion, frst Femove the wheel bearings as described in 6.2 Rear Wheel Bearings. Check the stub axle as shown in Fig. 6-7. measuring atleast three different places on the axle, Replace the axe the difference between any two measurements exceeds 0.25 mm (010 in). To replace a stub axe, remove the remainder of the brake assombly as described in BRAKES, then remove the ‘bots holding the stub axle tothe axle beam. Make sure that the axle mounting surfaces are free af all ditt, corrosion, or grease before instaling the new stub axle. Torque the stub axe bots to 60 Nm (44 1D), Fig. 6-7. Re fo ano being checked for dsterten ush 7. STEERING The sivering wheel and steering colurnn are connected to the rack and pinion steering gear by a flexible universal joint shalt. Whar the steering wheal turns, the rack and tha tis ads eels, Power-assisted steering is simiar, The power SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-29 assist comes trom hydraulic pressure, used to boost steering response and teduce steering effort. Fig. 7-1 is an exploded View ofthebasic steering system without powerassist, The top ‘endof the unwversai int shaft meets the bottom of the steering column. Special procedures and Warnings apply to any repair ‘Work on airbag-2quipped ears (Cabriolet from 1990), wanna — += The arbag is operated by an explosive device. Handiod improperly of without adequate safe guards, ican bo accident activated and causo serous personal iu. + Thoroughly read ail Cautions and Wamings at the font of his manual andin & Alrbag before beginning any work on an arag equipped car NN Lott tot Younting bushing 10-¢ 30 SUSPENSION AND STEERING Lonse, sloppy or imprecise steering may be caused by wear and excessive play or clearance anywhere inthe steering sys- tem, The steering gearbox canbe adjusted te compensate for internal wear. Otherwise, faults inthe steeringsystammustbe corrected by replacing warn parts effort or imprecise feel may not be used by faults in the stesring system, Faulty front suspen- strut bearings or other worn front suspension parts may oF contribute to the problem. Before daing anything else, check the tres and ie inflation pressures, 7-4 Steering Column This information applies to 1985-1989 ears with manual or powerassisted steering, The steering column for airbag: equipped: le from 1930) is coveredin 8. Airbag. wannina += The airbag is eporatod by an explosive device Hancled improperly or without adequate safe lard, itcan be accidently acbvated and cause Senous personal inary + Thoroughly mad all Cautions and Wamings a front ofthis manual and in & Airbag before beginning any wark onan alae equiped car Fig. 7-2 is an exploded view of the steering column, The steering column connects the steering wheel to the staering iches are also mounted on the tube which Houses the steering column. The steering column ‘ube is bolted fo the body with shear bolts whieh are designed to breakin the event of acollision Removing and Installing Steering Wheel The steering whee! must be removed for access to the ‘tering column switches and the ignition switch. The splines Joining the steering whee! and the steering column also allow the steering wheel position to be adjusted as the final step in the wheel alignment process, caution — * The sieering wheel should only be repasitned ‘on the spines after tho sloorng rack and ts rods ara contared and achustod as daeeritod in 7.2 ‘Steering Gear and Tie Reds. “Tiss especialy important for cars with power. assisted steering because the stom is sensitive { deviation ftom the cantored, stright ahosd steering whee! positon To remove the steering wheel, frst disconnect the battery negative (-) terminal. Then pry off the center caver of the stesring wheel, On models with four horn pads, use a serew- driver under the center cover topry it up. Disconnect the wiring from the horn pad or pads. Hold the steering wheel, remove the nut and washer that hold ito the steoring column, and pull it straight off the column, Bearing sippert rn w stoviing wheel, mark the ‘ha, unless its beng gjusiod, tho stesing wheo! can be reinstalled Instaflation is the reverse of removal. When aligning the steering wheel, be sure the wheels are pointed straight ahead, que the nut on the steering colurmn to 80 Nm (37 ft) Removing and installing Steering Column ‘Switches Fig. 7-9 fs an exploded view of the steering wheel and ‘steering coluinn svaichas. The turn signal smitch and the wind: shiele w)per and washer switch are fastened to the top of the Steering column housing by twee screws. They can be re: placed individually necessary, bul individual pats for repair: switches are not availabe, Fig. 73, Srp » * Cars equippod with bags are cteront. Speci SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-311 ‘The ignition switch and lock cylinder also mount to the steering column housing, which in turn clamps to the steering Column tube. There is no provision for adjusting the height of the steering whee! or the switches on the steering column To remove: 1. Remove the steering wheel as described in Removing and Installing Steering Whee! Remove the Phiips-nead serews that hold the two halves Of the steering column switch cover together, ant re- move the lower cover 3. Remove the three screws that hold the turn signal and windshield wiper swich assemblies to the steering c umn housing. Disconnect the harness connectors from the switches and cemove the switches from the steering column, WARNING — procedures and Wamings apes. Sonaus personal ( ‘jury can reuttif bag components are hanced improper or wrhout adequate saleguants Thoroughly road all Cautions and Wamings at the font ofthis manual and in 8. Airbag bofors beginning any work onan aitbaxg-equipped ea 10-32 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 4. Remove the spacer sloove by twisting it off ofthe steer. ing column using channelock pliers. '5. Remove the lock washer, the spring, and the hom con: fact ing. Remove the socket head bolt that clamps the steering column housing tc the steering column tube 6 Disconnect the wiring from the ignition switch, Insert the ‘gration key and unlock the steering. Remove the steer- ing column housing and the ignton/steering lock, 10- gether with the upper half ofthe steering column switch cover. 7. Remove the ignition switch by removing the sorew that holds ito the steering column housing, Installation the reverse of removal, Drive the spacer sleeve ‘onto the stagring column so thatthe steering wheel clearance 's as shown in Fig. 7-4, Use a new lock washer on the steering column. Torque the sockethead steering column housing ‘Clamping bolt fo 10 Nm (87 in. Nb). Avoid averightening the twee switch mounting screws, Fig. 7-8, Spacer siaoue (A) iia lor core (1 63in} With slowing wheel asta, dn Shull 210-4 (1/1600 178 Replacing Ignition/Steeting Lock Cylinder ‘The steering column housing does not need to be removed ‘ror the steering column in order to replace or repair the tock cylinder, but removal ofthe entre assembly may make t easier. To replace the sgnition/steering lock cylinder, dil @ 3 mm (1:8 1m) hole inthe fock cylinder housing atthe point indicated, inFig, 7-6. Insortapin through the hole and press down on the sping that holds the lack eyindar in the housing, Using the 'gniticn key may help by inserting itinto the cylinder to pull the cylinder out. To install the cylinder, simply press itin without the oy unt it snaps into place. Fig. 7-5. Location of 9mm (ii in) hale to be did 0 hhousng for aooss to igitensteering tock cycler ‘staning spring, Cemonsion ais 12 erm (in) cura Bis 10 me (in. 7.2 Steering Gear and Tle Rods In the rack and pinion steering gear, the steering pinion translates ratary motion of the steering wheel into lataral mation of the steering rack. Tie rads connect the ends of the steering rack to the steering arms near the wheels. ‘The inner and outer tie rod ends are ball ointed to carbine precise steering with flexibility for suspension movernent. Rub- ber boots protect the joints and retain lubricant. Other than periodic inspections for wear or damage, no maintenance or additional lubrication is required for the life of the joints, Adjustments to the steering rack, and adjustment or re- placement of te rods wil vitually aways affect wheel align: ‘ment. Pian to include a wheel alignment as the final step in any such work. Inspecting Tie Rod Ends There are two concerns when inspecting tis rod ends and protective boots. First, wear and excess play n the tle rodball joints and, second, damage to the protective boot whieh will accelerate that wea. Check the condition of the inner and outer tie rod boots. Cracked or ripped inner tie rod boots can be replaced sepa ately, perhaps prolonging the life of the tie rod end. See Replacing Inner Tie Rod Boots. Outer tie rod boots are ot separately available, Replacement of damaged outer tie rod boots is accarplished only by replacing the tie rod, Toinspect tha tie rod ends, look for unwanted play between the steenng rack and the te rods or between tha te rods and the steering arms. At the outer tie rod ends, there should be litle or no vertical replay. Atall four tie rod ends, inner and puter, there should be ite or no lateral play. Any turning mo- tion of the whoel should be directly translated to the steering rack with ne freepiay in between, Try forcing mating parts in ‘apposite directions and looking fer treeplay. Replace any te rod that falls these tests, as described in Replacing and Ad- justing Tie Rods. Replacing Inner Tie Rod Boots ‘The inner tie rod boots can be replaced without removing the te fad from the steering rack, and alignment Jang as tie rod length i unchanged Disconnect the Outer te rad end from the steering arm, Use a puller as shown in Fig, 7-6 to avoid damage to the threads. Romave the boot clamps and slice the bact off over the outer te rod end. installation 's the ceverse at removal. Torque the te 1d end stud nut to 30 Nm (22 #. fa), and installa new cotter pin ‘are not necessary at being sconnactox om sire Replacing and Adjusting Tie Rods Only complete tie rods are supplied as replacement parts. ‘Al replacement tie rods are adjustable. When replacing a ron austabie left side tic rod, the new adjustable tie rod must fist be adjusted to a standard length. Use a puller to discon: rect outer te od ends from the steering arms, as showe in Fig 7-6 above. Use a thread locking compound such as Volkswa ‘ger's DE wnen instaling te rads, On cars with powerassisted steering, tie rod ends are torqued direct to the steering rack. Locknutsare not used. For this reason, the rack (self must be securely held when loos- ‘ening oF tightening the tie rod ends, to avoid damaging the ‘steering gear. The steering gear assembly shouls be removed fom the car and secured in a softjawed vise to remove and install te te rod ends To replace and adjust (manual steering only} the outer ie rod end in the steering farm, and press the stud out using a puller, as shown in 7-6 above, SUSPENSIONAND STEERING 10-33 Remove the clamps that hold the tie rod boots to the steering gear housing and slide the boots back over the tie rod to expose the inner tie rod end. Loosen the lacknut on the inner te rod end and unscrew the tie rod from the steering rack enter ine steering gear housing, as described in Gon- tering Manual Steering Rack 5. Adjustthe length ofthe tie rods by loosening the outer tie ‘od end lacknut and serewing the tie rod in or out, Agjust the length to 379 mm (14.921 in.) as shown in Fig 7-7 ———16 Fig. 7-7, Satinaerat 1 vce fo 6. With a new inner boot in place on the tie rod, thread the ew left (ver) side tie rod onto the steering rack, adjusting the postion ofthe tie rod as shown in Fig, 7-8. Tighten the lockring to 50 Nm (37 ft, ib) to hold this esition 1g a Wn ack eee Fig. 7-8 oc, Seren B 7. With a new inner boot in place on the tie rod, thread the now right (passenger) side tie od onto the steering rack, ‘dusting the position ofthe te rad as shown in Fig. 7-9. Tighten the lockring to 0 Nm (37 ft. ib) to hold this postion Fig. 7-9. Postoniny new sight (passer bis 67 Ban (6389), 10-34 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 8. Reposition the inner boot on the te rod and the steering year housing and install the clamps. Make sure that the oot is not twisted, 9 Reconnect the tiv rod and to the steering arm. Install the hut, forquingit fe 30 Nm (22 ft lp), and a new cote pin, 10. Adjust the toe 10 the specifications in 4, Wheels, Tires, and Alignment ‘To replace and adjust (power-assisted steering only): |. Remove the nut from the outer tie ros end in the steering farm, and press the stud out using a puller, as shown in Fig. 7-6 above, Flemove the steering gearbox as described! below in Removing and installing Steering Gearbox. 3, Remove the clamps that hold the tle rod boots to the steering gear housing and slide the boots back over the ‘ie rod to expose the inner tie rod ene. 4. Holding the steering rack securely to prevent steering, ‘gear damage, as shown in Fig. 7-10, unscrew the inner tip fod end from the steering rack. Fig. 7410. Siostig race ound i sat race se for womoval le lean the teads ofthe rack, then coat he threads ofthe ‘ow tie red with locking carmpouind, Thread the tie rod onto the rack and torque fo 70 Nm (52 ft... Make sure ‘Mat the boot is correctly installed and nt twisted 8. Adjust the tangth of the adjustable tie rods by loosening the outer tie rod end locknut and screwing the te rod enc in OF out, Adjust the length fo 362.0 mm (14.252 in.) as shown in Fig. 7-11 Fig. 7-11. Sting ni powor length of agpustate te on) 7. Reposition the boot on the tie rod and the steering rack housing and install the clamps. Make sure that tne boot isnot twisted. 83, Reconnect the to rod and to the steering arm, install a fnew setbiocking nut and forque it to 30 Nm (22 fb.) 9. Adjust the toe to the specifications in 4. Wheels, Tires, and Alignment Centering Manual Steering Rack ‘Centering the steering rack on a manual steering car should be the first step in any mechanical adjustments to the steering systorn. The rack should be centered whenever the steering ‘gear has beon installed and prior to instaling tie rods, Before centering the rack, make sure tht the steering gear is firly mounted and that the universal joint shatt is correctly instaled on the pinion shatt of the gearbox. ‘The steering rack is properly centered when the rack pra trudes an equal length from each end of the steering gear housing. as shown in Fig. 7-12. When the steering rack is centered, the steering wheel spokes should be approximately honzontal. not, see Removing and installing Steering Wheel Adjusting Steering Gearbox The rack and pinion housing of the manual steering gear. bbox has an adjustment to correct steering play. # the steering raltles oF there is play in the steering wheel with the front wheels pointed straight ahead, an adjustment of the steering ‘gearbox may help. ifthe steering seems too stiff or tends not {o canter itsell after turning, the steering adjustment may be too tight. The power-assisted steering gearbox has a simiar adjustment, butitis made usinga special tool withthe steering gearbox removed fromthe car, ‘Toadjust the manual steering gearbox, tum the front wheels to the straight ahead position. Loosen the focknut shown above in Fig. 7-1, then tutn the adjusting screw clockwise to tighten the steering and counterclockwise to loasan the steor- ing. When finished, hoid the screw stationary while tightening the locknut. Make a small change and road tast the ear. Tuth theadjustingscrewne marethan 20° (approximately 16turn) at any one time. Ifthe stoering becomes too stif, back aff the adjusting screw in small steps unt the steering effort feals comfortable, To agjust he power-assisted steering gearbox, remove i ‘rom the car, as described in Removing and Installing Steer- ing Gearbox. (.008en the locknut and, using Vokswagen spe 4 (order no, TVO 524 000 40 ZEL) as shown in m the hex socket head adjusting bolt unti the rack can be moved in the housing by hand without bineting, Tighten the lockrut and reinstall the steexing gearbox inthe ca Fig. 7-19. fone assisted slonnng qosboe Removing and installing Steering Gearbox No spaciat tools are required for removing and instating the steering gearbox, although for cars with power-assisted steer ing the procedure does require removing ane of the tansaxie Ir fs not necessary to remove the ste place the m Ing gearbox to re ounting bushings. The bushings are spit at the ne clamps oan be renioved trom the front. To remove: 1. Disconnect the tie vod ends from the steering arms, as deserted in Replacing and Adjusting Tie Rods 2. On cars with power-assisted steering, drain the power steering uid as described in 7.9 Power-assisted Steer- ing SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-35 3, On cars with manual transmission, remove the gearshitt relay shaft brackot from the steering gear housing, See MANUAL TRANSMISSION. 4, Oncarswith power assisted steering, clean the pressure hhose and return hose unions atthe steering gearbox and remove them, Do not bend the rigid tubing, 5. On cars with powerassisted steering, romove the rear transaxle mount and its bracket. Also remove the ex: haust _manifold. if necossary, consult ENGINE and EXHAUST AND EMISSION CONTROLS. 6. Remove the boot from the steering pinion housing to ‘expose the universal joint shaft. Remove the clamp bolt and nul from the lower end of the shaft and remove the universal joint, 7. Remove te U-shaped steering gear housing mounting clamps. Free the steering gear housing trom the mount ing studs on tha body, push the housing to the right (passenger) side, then pivot the left tie rod down and {draw out the housing trom the left side. Installation is the reverse of removal. H the rubber mounting bbushings are hard and cracked or ollsoaked, they shauld be replaced before instalation ofthe steering gear. Make sure that the universal joint shaft fines up with the splined shat on the stooring gearbox as itis being installed, On cars with manual steering, center the steering rack as described in Centering Manual Steering Rack. Tocque the mounting nits fo 30 Nm (22 ft I) Torque the universal joint clamping Dott 10 30 Nm (22 fb). Torque the power steering line unions to 20 Nm (19 ft. 1). Install the relay shaft bracket and check the gearshift linkage as described in MANUAL TRANSMISSION. Fil the power stoer ig system with new fluid as described in 7.3 Power-assisted Steering, Torque the outer tie rod end nuts to 30 Nm (22 f Ib) {and instal new cotter pins. When the installation is complete, a check of font whee! ioe as described in 4. Wheels, Tires, and ‘Alignment is highly recommended, particulary if the steering (gear and tie rods have beon disassembled, 10-36 SUSPENSION AND STEERING 7.3 Power-Assisted Steering This section covers the hydraulic portion of the power steer ing system, including the pump, the fluid reservoir and con: necting hoses, and draining and filing the system. The me: ‘chanical part ofthe steering system is cavered in 7.2 Steering Gear and Tle Rods. Information on tightening or replacing the \-bal is found in LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE, ‘he power-assisted steering goar ‘6 available only as a ‘complete assombly. Service of the steering gear, including repair of housing seal leaks, Is by replacement only ‘The pump is enginedeven by a V-belt, and provides the hhycraulc pressure which is used to assist the movernent of the steering rack, Fluid is drawn from the reservoir and pressurized) bay the pump. Then, depending on the position of the spoo! valve in the steering gearbox, fuid is drectect to ether side of the work piston fo help move the rack, Flu wrich fs not doing work flows back to the fluid reservoir through the return line. Fig. 7-14 is @ schematic representation of the power-assisted steering system. The system components are shown in ex: ploded view in Fig. 7-1. Draining and Filling Power Steering Fluid The fluid should be drained any time the sysiom is to be opened or fluic-bearing components removed. Refiing with new fluid is recommenced. The system is essentaly set ‘bleeding, although a simple bleading step when refiing the system wall help remove air from the fluid. Alr in the system ‘causes noisy and inconsistent operation, To drain te Nuid from the system, disconnect the suction | hose from the pump, as shown in Fig, 7-16, Drain the fluid and, dispose of it Steeing goat pee Wx ston Fig. 7-14. Power tocar so Sng veka — Refi the system with new power steering fluid, Volkswagen part no. ZVWY 239 902 or equivalent, until the fluid in the resorvoir's at the MAX mark. See LUBRICATION AND MAIN- ‘TENANCE for more information on Volkswagen approved fe Ios. Yo bleed the system, make sure the fui level in the reser- voi is atthe MAX mark and start the engine. With the help of an assistant, turn the steering whee! back and forth fram fl lft to {ull nght, adding fluid to the reservoir as the level drops. When the fluid tevel remains constant, continue turning the steering ‘wheo! until no more air bubbles appear in the reservoir. Add {uid until the fluid level is at the MAX mark. Replace the cap. ‘gasket i itis damage. Pressure Testing Power Steering System ‘Tho pump is tested by measuring its output pressure, as shown in Fig. 7-17. This test requires a pressure gauge with & minimum range of 0-100 bar (0-1500 psi) and a valve between the gauge and the pressure line to the steering gear. Connect the gauge, with the valve open, between the pump and the pressure hose. Canter the steering. Start the engine and lot ite. ‘To test the pump, close the valve on the gauge and quickly read the pressure. Then, open the valve. The pressure should be 70 to 80 bar (1019 to 1 160 psi). not, replace the pump. ‘cauTion— The vatve should be closed for no more than 5 seconds. A longer test risks damaging the pump anetior the Vibert To test system pressure, leave the gauge valve open and have a helper turn the steering whee! full right and ful left. At teach position. the pressure with the valve open should be 70 10 £80 bar (1015 to 1160 psi). fn, the steering gear should be repiaced, SUSPENSION AND STEERING 10-37 Power Steering Pump ing purp is mounted on a bracket at 10-38 SUSPENSION AND STEERING Pann eh By Tensinng backs tL (158 ae Fig. 7618. Fspioced vow of paver steesna 8. AiRBAG farting with 1990 models, a driver side al stancard equipment on the Cabrik plemental r with the 5 frontal coli aq is installed The airbag is = sup- faint system (SAS), designed to work together bolts and shoulder bets. it will be activated in a nif the force of impact exceeds a predetermined level. itis not designed to work in all impact situations WARNING — * The aithag can be inated only ance. tt cannot be re-used Aor it boon inflated, the airbag unt sd all system componente mist bo replaced. prevent personal injury ar airbag system 6, only trained Volkswagen Service technicians should test, isassombia or sarvice the aibag system Airbag System Warnings WARNING 'eairbag system, or when doing repairs hat saving airbag systorn components ct tha bation negative (-)orminal ancl no battery. Ale eaconnect he od angio marked “ita beh the metnument panel. * The airbag anit shuld not bo removed, nor should any other work be performed an the sir ‘bag systom, un at laael 20 minutes afer the batoryis cisconnacted i WARNING — * Do not use a computor memory saver to! fo in batlory power 19 an antithett radio Uso of such a to! vl Koop tho aba 2ystem charged and may cause accidental acivaton of the tag © Always disconnect the battery before doing any olvet welding on the car. Nover apply stickers orany other coverings on the stoorng whee. * Do pot let chemical cleaners, of or grease come ino contact with the vinyl covering of the airbag unit * Never use a test Haht on the airbag sysiem Tho airbag system must only be tested using the Volkswagen specal tool VAG 1551 diagnostic (estunitor its Vokswagen-approved equivalent * The arbag unit must neverbe olectncaly fasted vile itis not nsalled inthe car * Never open or etherwise attempt to ropa bag system parts. Always use now parts. for loave airbag parts or the paral sas Somblod aitbag syslem unatended * Do not expase the aitag unt to temperatare above 194°F (90°O), evan or bref periods, Keop — Rear bracket 20 Ben (19 ft Airbag Component Warnings WARNING — © The hag unit must always be stored with the any cover fxg up ane the metal housing facing Sinn whan isnot natafioc + Aibag components tat have fallen er boon stepped from a height greater than 18 inches shookl not be used * The atbag convo! unit and the airbag eystom wing names area single ascomby. it neces: ‘sy, these lems must be rpiiced together = The aibag must be deployed faibag inked) before disposing ofthe arbag une. This can only bro sbne eafoly and propory who the unis in- ‘stalladin tho car. For moze information, s2e an au tnoriz0d Volkswagen desior Soree department Inpropor actuation may cause sa9eus MEY. ‘CAUTION— * Do nottum or roease the stoorng column 3: ‘al spring assemely when the sleering wes! Tre tuming range forthe spiral spring assembly lined itis to be raplaced, maka suo hal ho teheals are pointing straight afead shen the ‘steering whee! is removed, and tat they romain that way throughout the racecar, When to Replace Airbag Components The airbag system must bs replaced ft has been actuated in an accident, or otherwise impaired ot damaged, In adsition, Volkswagen specifies that the airbag system mustbe replaced 10 yaars after the date of manufacture, The date when 12- placement of the original system is due (year and month) ap. pears on asticker on the driver-side sun visor. See Fig 8-1 warnine — +The aay ca be inflated only ance. I cannot be re-used Afr as boon nla, the aitbag unit La i system components must be replaced. + Roplace parts of the

    You might also like