RAILWAY ENGINEERING..

Types of Transportation

1.Road Transport.
2. Rail Transport.
3. Water Transport.
4. Air Transport.
5. Pipeline Transport.
6. Ropeway Transport.
 Road Transport:
* Advantages;
1. Door to Door Service.
2. Economical over short distances.
3. Flexibility.
4.Limited Capital Expenditure.

* Disadvantages;
1. Irregular and Unreliable.
2. Unsuitable for Long Distances
3. No Uniformity in Rates.
4. Limited Speed.
5. Affected by Weather.
 Rail Transport:
* Advantages;
1. High Speed.
2. Suitable for Long Distances.
3. Bulky Goods.
4. Protection.
5. Large Carrying Capacity.

* Disadvantages;
1. Huge Capital Expenditure.
2. High Overheads.
3. No Door to Door Service.
4. No Competition.
5. Inflexible Mode.
Air Transport:
* Advantages;
1. Flexible.
2. Quick service.
3. Natural Highways.
4. Protection.
5. High Speed.

* Disadvantages;
1. High Cost of Construction and Maintenance.
2. Costliest.
3. Limited Carrying Capacity.
4. International Restrictions.
5. Unsuitable for Bulky Goods.
Water Transport:

* Advantages;
1. Cheapest Mode of Transport.
2. Large Carrying Capacity.
3. Safety.
4. Protection to Goods.
5. Flexibility.

* Disadvantages;
1. Slow.
2. Huge Capital Expenditure.
3. High Cost of Maintenance.
4. No Door to Door Service.
5. Special Packing.
Pipeline Transport:

 Generally liquids like oils,

crude, petroleum products are
transported.

 More than 6350 KM of Pipeline

exits in India.

 Currently 27% of petroleum

products are moved by
pipelines in India.
* Advantages of Pipeline;
1. Suitable for All Weather.
2. Low energy Consumption.
3. Space Utilization.
4. Continuous.

* Disadvantages of Pipeline;
1. State of Commodity to be transported is limited.
2. Leakages.
3. High fix Costs.
Ropeway Transport:

 Ropeway Transport is used for

transporting materials in hilly areas.

 In India 16% of total area is hilly,

Currently in India nearly 178 Km rope
ways are used for transportation.
* Advantages of Ropeway;
1. Transports Bulk Material over Short
Distance.
2. Lower Capital Costs.
3. Less environmental damage.

* Disadvantages of Ropeway;
1. Limited Scope.
 COST STRUCTURE FOR EACH
MODULE:
Mode Fixed Costs Variable Costs

Rail High- Equipments, Terminals , Low

Tracks ,etc

Road Low-Highway provided by Medium-Fuel , Maintenance, etc

government

Water Medium-Ships and Equipment Low-As capacity is huge

Pipeline Highest-Right of the way , Lowest-Insignificant labour costs

construction, Equipment for
control station and Pumping
capacity

Air Low-Aircraft and cargo handling High- Fuel, labour, Maintenance

systems
 INTRODUCTION
Railway Engineering : The branch of Civil Engineering
which deals with the design, construction and maintenance
of the railway tracks for safe and efficient movements of
trains.

Railway:-A track formed of rails of iron or steel along which

trains are driven.
 PERMANENT WAY

1. BALLAST
2. RAILS
3. SLEEPERS
4. POINTS OF CROSSINGS
5. POINTS OF SWITCH
Formation or Subgrade

Ballast Rails
Sleepers
 BALLAST

Ballast is the granular material usually

broken stone or bricks single and
kanker, gravel and sand placed and
packed and around the sleeper to
transmit Load from sleeper to
formation Layer.
Size = 20mm – 65mm
 The rolled steel sections laid
end to end in two parallel lines
over sleepers to form a railway
track are known as RAILS.
 TYPES OF RAILS :-

The rails used in the construction of railway track

can be divided into the following three types :

(1) Double Headed Rails (D.H. Rail)

(2) Flat Footed Rails (F.F. Rail)

(3) Bull Headed Rails (B.H. Rail)

 1. DOUBLE HEADED RAIL :-

The rails having their head and foot of

same dimensions are known as double

headed rail (D.H.).

2. FLAT FOOTED RAILS :-

The rail section having their foot

rolled to a flat are known as

flat footed rails.

 3. BULL HEADED RAIL :

The rails sections having their head of

more dimension then that of their foot

are known as bull headed rails (B.H.).

Standard rail sections & Rail length
 RAIL JOINTS

1.FISH PLATE JOINT

2.FASTENERS JOINT
3.SLIDE CHAIARS JOINT
4. JUNCTION PLATE JOINT
5.BEARING PLATE JOINT
6.CHAIRS
FISH PLATE JOINT
FASTENERS JOINT
SLIDE CHAIARS JOINT
JUNCTION PLATE
 Sleepers

Sleepers are members generally laid transverse

to the rails, on which the rails are fixed to

transfer the loads from the rails to the ballast

and the subgrade.

 TYPES OF SLEEPERS

Wooden Sleepers

Metal Sleepers

Concrete Sleepers
WWW.USTUDY.IN
CONCRETE SLEEPERS
METAL SLEEPER
 POINT OF CROSSING

Point , crossing , turnout , cross-overs and

such related terms are arrangement by
which different routes either parallel are
connected and offered the means for terms
to move from one route to another route is
called POINT OF CROSSING .
• Points and crossings get distorted, its too
difficult to set them to correct gauge and
alignment. Movement of switches is made
difficult and interlocking is thrown out of gear.
 COMPONENTS OF SWITCH

1. A pair of stock rail.

2. A Pair of tongue rail.
3. Heel Block.
4. Stretcher bar.
5. Slide Chair.
A PAIR OF STOCK RAIL
A PAIR OF TONGUE RAIL
HEEL BLOCK
STRETCHER BAR
 POINT OF SWITCH

A SWITCH Consist of stock

rail and tongue rail.
A point is consist of left hand And right
hand switch
SLIDE CHAIR
QUERY
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