CLS - ENG 23 24 XII - Mat - Target 1 - Level 1 - Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Relations and Functions
Solutions (Step-1)
SECTION - A
1. Answer (4)
Since the mapping is many-one into.
2. Answer (4)
f : A  B and g : B  C is to be mentioned then f is one-one and g is onto but as it is not mentioned answer
should be (4).
3. Answer (2)
For any x, y  R, we have
x m y m
f (x)  f (y )   xy
xn y n
 f is one-one.
x m m  n
Let   R such that f ( x )       x 
x n 1 
Clearly x  R for   1 . So, f is not onto.

4. Answer (2)
ex  ex e2x  1
y 2 y  2
e x  ex e2x  1
1  1  4log2 f ( x )
 x 2  x  log2 f ( x )  0  x 
2
1/2 1/2
 y 1  x 1
 f 1( y )  loge    f 1( x )  loge  
3y  3x
5. Answer (2)
Let f ( x )  y  x  f 1( y ).
y 5 y 5
Hence f ( x )  y  3 x  5  x   f 1( y )  x 
3 3
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2 Relations and Functions Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)
x5
 f 1( x ) 
3
x 5
Also f is one-one and onto, so f 1 exists and is given by f 1( x )  .
3
6. Answer (1)
1
For finding inverse of any function, function should be bijective. Since f ( x )  is bijective function.
x 1
7. Answer (4)
Let y  x 2  1 x   y  1
 f 1( y )   y  1  f 1( x )   x  1
 f 1(17)   17  1  4
and f 1(10)   10  1   3
 f–1(10) = 3
8. Answer (2)
Let f ( x )  y  x  f 1( y ) .
2x  1
Now, y  ,( x  5)
x5
xy  5 y  2 x  1  5 y  1  2 x  xy
5y  1
 x(2  y )  5y  1  x 
2y
 f 1( y )  5y  1
2y
5x  1
 f 1( x )  ,x2
2 x
9. Answer (1)
 5   5 
Given (gof )    (fog )  
3
   3 
  5     5   5
 g f    f g     g ( 2)  f  3   2  1  1
  3    3   
10. Answer (3)
(gof )( x )  3( x 2  1)  1  3 x 2  2.
SECTION - B
11. Answer (4)
Options (1), (2), (3) are not reflexive.
Only option (4) is equivalence relation on A.
Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Relations and Functions 3
12. Answer (1)
Relations = 26 = 64
13. Answer (2)
R is not reflexive because if a = b then a – b = 0
n
or a – a = 0, in this case is not possible
0
but R is clearly symmetric.
14. Answer (3)
  3 
Function f :  ,   [ 1, 1], f ( x )  sin x
2 2 
Obviously it is One-one onto function.
15. Answer (2)
As, only option (2) is one-one onto function. So this is invertible.
16. Answer (1)
Here, b * a | b  a | 1 |  1 a  b  | 1   1 a  b  1  1 a  b  1 | a  b | 1  a * b
 ‘ * ’ is commutative.
17. Answer (3)
Here, O(A) = 2. Hence, O ( A × A ) = 2 × 2 = 4. Number of binary operations on A is same as the number
of relations that can be defined from A × A to A.
Hence, number of binary operations on A = 24 = 16.
( Any ordered pair of A × A can be associated to any one of the two elements of A)
18. Answer (2)
Statement 1 : Range of f(x) is R.
Statement 2 : f(x) is polynomial function of degree 7 hence it is continuous, but it is not necessary that
continuous function is onto hence
Statement 1 is true statement 2 is true but statement 2 is not correct explanation.
19. Answer (3)
f(x) and g(x) are one-one functions
Thus f[g(x1)] = f[g(x2)]
 g(x1) = g(x2) as f is one-one
 x1 = x2 i.e, g is one-one
 f(g(x) is also one-one
Now g[f(x1)] = g[f(x2)]
 f(x1) = f(x2)
 x1 = x2,  x1, x2,
Hence fog and gof are one-one functions
 Statement 1 is true.
Statement 2 is false as composite function of two one-one function is one-one.
20. Answer (1)

Statement 1 : f(x) = xx
f (x) = xx [1 + n x]
f(x) > 0 hence f(x) is one-one.
Range of f(x) = [1, )
Hence f(x) is onto.
i.e., f(x) is invertible.
Statement 2 is true and statement 2 is a correct explanation of statement 1.
SECTION - C
21. Answer (3)
 x2 
f ( x )    tan ax  sec ax
a
 x2 
f (  x )     tan ax  sec ax
a
For even function f ( x )  f (  x )
 x2 
 2   tan ax  0
a
 x2 
 a 0
 
x2
 0 1
a
 a>9
22. Answer (4)
For odd function f(x) = –f(–x)
 x2    x2  
  tan ax  sec ax =      tan ax  sec ax 
a  a 
 2 sec ax  0
 No real value of a exist
23. Answer (4)
For a = 10
g(x) = cos10x
2 
Fundamental period of g(x) = 
10 5
24. Answer (4)
25. Answer (3)
SECTION - D
26. Range of f = {4, 5, 6}
and Range of g = {7, 8, 9}
2 2
27. Here, f (2)  
2 1 5
2
2
2 5 10
So, f (f (2))  f    2

5
  2 29
 5  1
 
28. Clearly, g(x) = f –1(x)

Let f –1(x) = z
 f(z) = x
 3z – 4 = x
x4
 z
3
x4
 f  1( x ) 
3
 x 2  x  2
29. For all x  R, (fog)(x) = f(g(x)) = f    3 2
 3   3 
 f (g ( x ))  x  IR ( x )
(3 x  2)  2
Again, (gof)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(3x – 2) =
3
 (gof)(x) = IR(x).
 ax  b 
30. Here, f (f ( x ))  f  
 bx  a 
 ax  b 
a   b a 2 x  ab  b 2 x  ab
 bx  a  
=
 ax  b  abx  b 2  abx  a 2
b   a
 bx  a 
a 2

 b2 x
x
= (a  b ) 2 2
 f(f(x)) = x
31. a * b = b and b * a = a
Since a  b in general, therefore a * b  b * a
Also, (a * b) * c = b * c = c
and a * (b * c) = a * c = c
So, given operation is not commutative but is associative.
32. As, solution of the equation f(x) = f–1(x) is equivalent to the solution of f[f(x)] = x
 [(x + 1)2 – 1 + 1]2 –1 = x
(x + 1)4 = 1 + x
 (x + 1) [(x + 1)3 – 1] = 0
x = –1 or x = 0
So, set of values of x is {0, –1}.
33. fog = f(g(x)) = f(1 + x2) = 1 – (1 + x2) = –x2
Also, gof = g(f(x)) = g(1 – x) = 1 + (1 – x)2 = x2 – 2x + 2
34. Let f –1(x) = z
 f(z) = x
z 1
 x
z2
2x  1
 z
1 x
1 2x  1
 f (x) 
1 x
As, in given domain and co-domain, the given function is bijective so, we need not to check it.
35. Given, f(m) = m2 + m + 1 for all mN
Let f(m) = f(n); m, n  N
 m2 + m + 1 = n2 + n + 1
 m2 – n2 = n – m
 (m + n) (m – n) – (m – n) = 0
 (m – n) (m + n – 1) = 0
 m = n {as, m + n  1}
 f is one-one.
Also, f(m) = m2 + m + 1  3 for all mN.
So, f is not onto.
In fact, Rf = {3, 7, 13, 21, 31, ......}
as f(m) = m(m + 1) + 1
36. (i) For all a, b  Q
 a + 2b  Q
 Q is closed under the given operation.
(ii) 1 * 2 = 1 + 2.2 = 5
and 2 * 1 = 2 + 2.1 = 4
 1*22*1
 The given operation is not commutative.
(iii) (1 * 2) * 3 = (1 + 2.2) * 3 = 5 * 3 = 5 + 2.3 = 11 and
1 * (2 * 3) = 1 * (2 + 2.3) = 1 * 8 = 1 + 2.8 = 17
 The given operation is not associative.
  
Chapter 1
Solutions (Step-2)
Relations
1. Answer (2)
Reflexivity : R is not reflexive because for x  A, (x, x)  R ( each element of A is not related)
Symmetric : For (x, y)  R
 (y, x) also  R
Hence, R is symmetric.
Transitive : We observe that (c, a)  R and (a, c)  R, but (c, c)  R.
Hence, R is not transitive.
2. Answer (1)
B = {2, 4, 7}, C = {3, 5, 8}  B C = 
3. Answer (2)
4 4 4
l = 2 = 16, m = 2 = 16, n = 2 = 16,
 2l – m – n = 0
4. Answer (3)
R1 = {(1, 5), (1, 6)}, R2 = {(3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9), (4, 8), (4, 9)}
R21  {(6, 3), (7, 3), (8, 3), (9, 3), (8, 4), (9, 4)}
R2–1 o R1 = {(1, 3)}

5. Answer (4)
n1 = 1, n2 = 1, n3 = 1, n4 = 29-3 = 26 = 64
 n1 + n2 + n3 + n4 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 64 = 67
6. Answer (2)
R1 is reflexive, symmetric as well as transitive
R2 is not reflexive and transitive but it is symmetric
R3 is reflexive, symmetric as well as transitive hence R1 is equivalence
7. Answer (4)
Clearly R is equivalence.
8. Answer (2)
S1 : R is not reflexive due to the absence of (3, 3).
S2 : R is symmetric and transitive.
9. Answer (3)
R = {(1, 2), (2, 3)}
If R is equivalence then R will as
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1)}
Added order pairs = 7
10. Answer (1)
R is reflexive as 1 + a × a = 1 + a2 > 0
R is symmetric because, if 1 + ab > 0  1 + ba > 0
But R is not transitive in all case
For example
 1  1 1  1
  R    as 1 +   > 0
2 3 2  3
 1  1
and    R (–4) as 1 +    (–4) > 0
3 3
 1 1
But   R (–4) is not possible as 1 + (–4) = –1 < 0
2 2
Hence, R is not transitive.
11. Answer (4)
a a
(1) (a, b) R (a, b) :  , hence R is reflexive
b b
a c
(2) (a, b) R (c, d) : 
b d
c a
(c, d) R (a, b) : 
d b
Hence, R is symmetric.
a c
(3) (a, b) R (c, d) :  …(i)
b d
c e
(c, d) R (d, f) :  …(ii)
d f
a e
By (i), (ii)  
b f
 (a, b) R (e, f), hence R is transitive.
Hence R is equivalence.
12. Answer (4)
Reflexivity : Let x be an arbitrary element of R and x  R.
 |x| = |x|
 xR1x
Hence, R1 is reflexive.
Symmetric : Let (x, y)  R1.
If |x| = |y|
 |y| = |x|
 (y, x)  R1
Hence, R1 is symmetric.
Transitive : Let (x, y) and (y, z)  R.
 |x| = |y| and |y| = |z|
 |x| = |z|
 (x, z)  R1
Hence, R1 is transitive.
Thus, R is an equivalence relation.
13. Answer (4)
Clearly, T is an equivalence relation i.e., reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
But for S = {(x, y) : y = x + 1}
 x  x + 1  (x, x)  S  S is not reflexive.
 S is not equivalence relation.
Mapping
14. Answer (2)
The number of Surjections = 2n  2 C1.1n  2n  2

15. Answer (3)
n!
The total number of injective mappings = n Pm =
(n  m )!
16. Answer (4)

Clearly, function is neither one-one nor onto.
17. Answer (1)
f3 ( x )  x  cos x
f3( x )  1  sin x  0

 f3( x )  0 hold for only point x = (2n  1) , n  I i.e. at discrete points not in interval hence function is
2
strictly increasing. Hence function is one-one and onto.
Similarly we can prove for f1, f2.
18. Answer (3)

6 4 2 2 4
(1) y = x + x + x + 1 = (1 + x ) (1 + x )
 y  1 hence it is not onto
2
(2) f(x) = x |x|, range = [0, 1]
Hence not onto.
(3) y = x11 – x8 + x6 + 5
y  R hence it is onto
2006 –2006
(4) y = x +x +5
y  7 hence it is not onto
19. Answer (1)
3 2
f(x) = x + 4x + cx + d is one-one.
 f(x) will be either > 0 or < 0
2
f(x) = 3x + 8x + c
Hence, its discriminant D < 0
82 – 4(3)(c) < 0
16
 c
3
Hence, c can take value 6.
20. Answer (4)
All statements are true by using the standard result.
21. Answer (4)
3 2
f(x) = x + x + 3x + sin x
2
 1 8
f (x) = 3x2 + 2x + 3 + cos x = 3  x     cos x > 0
3 3
 f (x) > 0,  x  R
Hence f(x) is one-one and onto.
2 2
Similarly (2), (3) are true but (4) is false. The maximum value of a + b is 36.
22. Answer (2)
Since many triangles may have same perimeter hence function is not injective but many one.
Since there exist a triangle for every positive value of perimeter hence surjective.
Composition of Functions
23. Answer (4)
Here f  g  x    f  x   x    f   x     x    0 , where {.} represents fractional part function.
24. Answer (2)

1 1 x 1
Here, f ( x )  , g ( x )  f {f ( x )} = 
(1  x ) 1 x
1
1 x
1
and h( x )  f {f {f ( x )} =  x,
 x  1
1 
 x 
So, f ( x ).g ( x ).h( x ) = –1.
Inverse of Functions
25. Answer (4)
   
As, f  g  x    f x  5  2 x  5  3  2 x  7
3 3 3
1/3
 x  7
So, its inverse is given by  .
 2 
26. Answer (3)

We have
y = f(x) = 2x(x  1)
2
 x – x + log2y = 0
1  1  4 log2 y
 x
2
Since the range of inverse function is [1,) hence neglecting negative sign, we get
–1 1  1  4 log2 x
f (x) =
2
Similarly (2), (4) are false but (3) is true.
27. Answer (2)
We have,
2  x 4
x x
 1  2    = 1 or 2.
2 2
 f(x) = x – 1 or f(x) = x – 2
Since f : [2, 4)  [1, 3)
Hence f(x) = x – 1
–1
 f (x) = x + 1.
Odd and Even Functions

28. Answer (3)
For a function to be even,
f(x) = f(–x)
Only option (3) satisfies this condition.
29. Answer (2)
We have,
 2 x
 x sin 2 , 1  x  1

f (x)   x 2 , x 1
 2
 x , x 1

Clearly f(x) is odd.
Periodic Function
30. Answer (4)
Given f(x + 10) + f(x + 4) = 0
Replacing x by x + 2, we get
f(x + 12) + f(x + 6) = 0 ...(i)
again, replacing x by x – 4, we get
f(x + 6) + f(x) = 0 ...(ii)
solving (i) and (ii), we get
f(x + 12) = f(x)
Linear Functional Equations

31. Answer (3)
f(x + y) + f(x – y) = 2f(x) f(y)
x = 0, y= 0
f(0) + f(0) = 2f(0)2
 f(0) = 1 as f(0)  0
Put y = x and x = 0
f(x) + f(–x) = 2f(0) f(x)
 f(x) + f(–x) = 2 f(x)
 f(x) = f(–x)
Hence the given function f is even.
32. Answer (3)
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
Putting x = y = 1, f(2) = 2f(1)
Putting x = 2, y = 1, f(3) = f(2) + f(1) = 3f(1)
In general, f(n) = nf(1)
n
  f (r )  (1  2  3  ......  n )f (1)
r 1
n(n  1)
 f (1)
2
n(n  1)
 .4  2n(n  1)
2
33. Answer (1)
f(1) = 12  12 = a(1 + 3)  a = 3
f(3) = 36  36 = 3(3n + 3)  n = 2
 f(x) = 3(x2 + 3)
and f(2) = 3(4 + 3) = 21
Binary Operations
34. Answer (1)
If e’ is the identity element under ‘ * ’ then
a * e  e * a  a for all a  Z
 a  e  1  e  a  1  a
e+1=0
 e = –1.
35. Answer (4)
If e is the identity element w.r.t. ‘o‘, then aoe  eoa  a for all a  1 .
 a  e  ae  a
 e 1  a   0
 e=0
[Numerical Value Based Questions]
36. Answer (30)
2
n 36 – 6 30
Number of reflexive relations = 2n =2 =2
  = 30
37. Answer (11)
The range = {–1, 1, 3}
 a12  a22  11
38. Answer (240)
5 4 5 4 5 4 5
Number of onto functions = 4 – C13 + C22 – C31
= 1024 – 972 + 192 – 4
= 240
[Previous Years Questions]
[Relations]
39. Answer (3)
Given R = {(x, y) : x, yZ, x2 + 3y2  8}
So R = {(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, –1), (0, 1), (1, 0)}
So DR 1  1, 0, 1
40. Answer (1)

(I) If (a, b) R1 and (b, c) R1
 a2 + b2 Q and b2 + c2 Q
then a2 + 2b2 + c2 Q but we cannot say anything about a2 + c2, that it is rational or not.
So R1 is not transitive
(II) If (a, b) R2 and (b, c) R2
 a2 + b2 Q and b2 + c2 Q
but we can’t say anything about a2 + c2, that it is rational or irrational.
So R2 is not transitive
41. Answer (1)
 R = {(P, Q) | P and Q are at the same distance from the origin}.
Then equivalence class of (1, –1) will contain all such points which lies on circumference of the circle of
centre at origin and passing through point (1, –1).
i.e., radius of circle  12  12  2

 Required equivalence class of (S) = {(x, y) | x2 + y2 = 2}.
42. Answer (1)

Let (4, 3)  (c, d)
c d
4d = 3c    k  say 
4 3
For c, d A, k = 1, 2, 3, ...., 7
43. Answer (3)
x2(x – 3y) – y2(x – 3y) = 0
(x – y) (x + y) (x – 3y) = 0 ...(i)
 (i) holds for all (x, x)  R is reflexive
if (x, y) holds then (y, x) may or may not holds for factors (x + y), (x – 3y)  R is NOT symmetric
Similarly (x – 3y) factor doesn’t hold for transitive
44. Answer (3)
The set A and set B are represented as
(0, 2) (A B)
(–2, 4) (0, 0) (2, 0) (4, 0)
 A  B = {(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (1, 1), (1, –1)}
The set A and set C are represented as
C
(0, 2)
A
(2, 0)
(A C)
 A  C = {(1, 1), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 2)}
 Total number relations from A  B to A  C = 25 × 5
 p = 25
45. Answer (3)
(x, y) R  0 < |x – y|  1.
R is symmetric because |x – y| = |y – x|
But R is not transitive
For example
x = 0.2, y = 0.9, z = 1.5
0  |x – y| = 0.7  1
0  |y – z| = 0.6  1
But |x – z| = 1.3 > 1
46. Answer (4)
R = {(x, y) : yAi, iff xAi, 1  i  k}
(1) Reflexive
(a, a)  aAi iff aAi
(2) Symmetric
(a, b)  aAi iff bAi
(b, a) R as bAi iff aAi
(3) Transitive
(a, b)R & (b, c) R.
 a Ai iff b Ai & b Ai iff c Ai
 a Ai iff c Ai
 (a, c)R.
 Relation is equivalence
47. Answer (4)
a R1 b  ab  0
So, definitely (a, a)  R1 as a2  0
If (a, b)  R1  (b, a)  R1
But if (a, b) R1, (b, c)  R1
 Then (a, c) may or may not belong to R1
{Consider a = –5, b = 0, c = 5 so (a, b) and (b, c) R1 but ac < 0}
So, R1 is not equivalence relation
a R2 b  a  b
(a, a)  R2  so reflexive relation
If (a, b) R2 then (b, a) may or may not belong to R2
 So not symmetric
Hence it is not equivalence relation
48. Answer (4)
R = {(x, y) : 3x + y is multiple of 7}, Now R to be an equivalence relation
(1) R should be reflexive : (a, a)R  a N
 3a + a = 7k
 (3 + ) a = 7k
 3 +  = 7k1   = 7k1 –3
= 7k1 + 4
(2) R should be symmetric : aRb  bRa
aRb : 3a + (7k –3) b = 7 m
 3(a – b) + 7kb = 7 m
 3(b – a) + 7 ka = 7 m
So, aRb  bRa
 R will be symmetric for a = 7k1 –3
(3) Transitive : Let (a, b)R, (b, c)R

 3a + (7k – 3)b = 7k1 and
3b + (7k2 – 3) c = 7k3
Adding 3a + 7kb + (7k2 – 3) c = 7 (k1 + k3)
3a + (7k2 – 3) c = 7 m
 (a, c)R
 R is transitive
  = 7k – 3 = 7k + 4
[Basics and Type of Function]
49. Answer (3)
Let 2x – 1 = t
5 + | t | = (t + 1) (t – 1)
 | t | = t2 – 6
For t > 0, t2 – t – 6 = 0
i.e., t = 3 or – 2 (rejected)
For t < 0, t2 + t – 6 = 0
i.e., t = – 3 or 2 (both rejected)
 2x – 1 = 3
 x=2
50. Answer (3)
 1  2  n  1
As  x    x     x   ....  x    nx 
 n  n  n 
As [x] + [–x] = –1 (x z)
 1   1 1   1 99   100 
Required value  100          ...  3  100    100   3  = –133
3
   3 100     
51. Answer (1)
  3   
f ( x )  log 5  3  2sin   sin   x   2cos    cos  x  
  4  4
  
 log 5 3  2  cos x  sin x  

 Range of cosx – sinx is   2, 2 
Then range of f(x) is [0, 2]

52. Answer (1)
log(x + 1) (x + 1) (2x + 5) + log(2x + 5) (x + 1)2 = 4
 1 + log(x + 1) (2x + 5) + 2 log(2x + 5) (x + 1) = 4
Let log(x + 1) (2x + 5) = t
2
then t  3  t = 1, 2
t
 2x + 5 = x + 1 or 2x + 5 = (x + 1)2
 x = –4, +2, –2 out of which only x = 2 is acceptable.
53. Answer (1440)

A  x  N, 
x 2  10 x  9  0  1, 2, 3, ......,9
B  1, 4, 9, 16, ......
f  x    x  3  1
2
f 1  5, f  2   2, ...........f  9   37
x = 1 has 2 choices
x = 2 has 1 choice
x = 3 has 1 choice
x = 4 has 1 choice
x = 5 has 2 choices
x = 6 has 3 choices
x = 7 has 4 choices
x = 8 has 5 choices
x = 9 has 6 choices
 Total functions = 2 × 1 × 1 × 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 = 1440
[Classifications of Functions]
54. Answer (3)
y=3
Graphically f (x) is not injective but surjective.

55. Answer (1)
As A = {x  R : x is not a positive integer}
2x
f : A  R given by f(x) =
x 1
f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2
So, f is one-one.
As f(x)  2 for any x  A  f is not onto.
 f is injective but not surjective.
56. Answer (2)
n  1
 2 , if n is odd
f (n )  
 n , if n is even
 2
2, n  1
1, n  2

 4, n  3
g (n )  
3, n  4
6, n  5

5, n  6
 g (n )  1
 , if g (n ) is odd
 f g n    2
 g (n ) , if g  n  is even
 2
1, n  1
1, n  2

2, n  3

2, n  4

f (g (n ))  3, n  5  fog is onto but not one - one
3, n  6

: :

 : :
: :
 Option (2) is correct.

57. Answer (2)
n(A) = 3, n(B) = 5
x = 5C3 × 3! = 5 × 4 × 3
n(A × B) = 15
y= 15C × 3! = 15 × 14 × 13
3
y 15  14  13 91
 
x 543 2
2y = 91x
58. Answer (2)
Total number of onto functions = 6
 g(3) = 2g(1) then (g(1), g(3))

= (1, 2) or (2, 4) or (3, 6)
In each case number of onto functions = 4
34 1
Required probability = 
6 10
59. Answer (4)
f :    defined as
x2
f(x) = x – 1 and g :   {1, –1}   , g(x) =
x2  1
x2 1
Now fog(x) 2
–1 2
x 1 x 1
 Domain of fog(x) =  – {–1, 1}

And range of fog(x) = (–  , –1]  (0,  )
d 1 2x
Now, fog  x   · 2x 
 x  1 1  x 2 
dx 2 2 2
2x
d 0

dx
 fog  x    0 for  1  x 1  x  2
x
 0
  x  1 x  1  2
 x   , 0 
d
and
dx
 fog  x    0 for x   0,  
 fog(x) is neither one-one nor onto.
60. Answer (4)
n 1
When n = 1, 5, 9, 13 then will give all odd numbers.
2
When n = 3, 7, 11, 15 …
n – 1 will be even but not divisible by 4
When n = 2, 4, 6, 8, …
Then 2n will give all multiples of 4
So range will be N.
And no two values of n give same y, so function is one-one and onto.
61. Answer (4)
f, g : N – {1}  N defined as
f(a) = , where  is the maximum power of those primes p such that p divides a.
g(a) = a + 1,
Now, f(2) = 1, g(2) = 3  (f + g) (2) = 4
f(3) = 1, g(3) = 4  (f + g) (3) = 5
f(4) = 2, g(4) = 5  (f + g) (4) = 7
f(5) = 1, g(5) = 6  (f + g) (5) = 7
 (f + g) (5) = (f + g) (4)
 f + g is not one-one
Now,  fmin = 1, gmin = 3
So, there does not exist any x  N – {1} such that (f + g)(x) = 1, 2, 3
 f + g is not onto
62. Answer (19)
The desired functions will contain either one element or two elements in its codomain of which ‘2’ always
belongs to f(A).
 The set B can be
{2}, {1, 2}, {2, 3}, {2, 4}
Total number of functions = 1 + (23 – 2)3 = 19
63. Answer (720)

Clearly f(1), f(2) and f(3) are the permutations of 0, 1, 2; and f(0), f(4), f(5), f(6) and f(7) are the permutations of
3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Total number of bijective functions  5 . 3  720
64. Answer (31)
 3ƒ(c) + 2ƒ(a) + ƒ(d) = ƒ(b)
Value of ƒ(c) Value of ƒ(a) Number of functions
0 1 7
2 5
3 3
4 2
1 0 6
2 2
3 1
2 0 3
1 1
3 0 1
Total Number of functions = 31
65. Answer (37)
There are 16 ordered pairs in S × S. We write all these ordered pairs in 4 sets as follows.
A = {(1, 1)}
B = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4) (4, 4), (4, 3), (4, 2), (4, 1)}
C = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3), (3, 2), (3, 1)}
D = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 1)}
All elements of set B have image 4 and only element of A has image 1.
All elements of set C have image 3 or 4 and all elements of set D have image 2 or 3 or 4.
We will solve this question in two cases.
Case I : When no element of set C has image 3.
Number of onto functions = 2 (when elements of set D have images 2 or 3)
Case II : When atleast one element of set C has image 3.
Number of onto functions = (23 – 1)(1 + 2 + 2) = 35
Total number of functions = 37
[Composition of Functions]
66. Answer (4)
1
 f2o Jo f1  x   f3  x  
1– x
1
  f2o J  f1  x  
1– x
1
 1 1
  f2 o J      x
 x  1– 1 1
–1
1 x
x
x
  f2 o J  x  
x –1
x
 f2  J  x   
x –1
x 1 1
 1– J  x    1  1–
x –1 x –1 1– x
1
 J x   f3  x 
1– x
67. Answer (2)
f(x) = x2 x  R
g(A) = {x  R : f(x)  A} S  [0, 4]
g(S) = {x  R : f(x)  I}
= {x  R : 0  x2  4}
= {x  R : –2  x  2}
 g(S)  S
 f(g(S))  f(S)
g(f(S)) = {x  R : f(x)  f(S)}
= {x  R : x2  S2}
= {x  R : 0  x2  16}
= {x  R : –4  x  4}
 g(f(S))  g(S)
 g(f(S)) = g(S) is incorrect
68. Answer (3)
1
     
   hf  g    h f
3    3 
  3   h(3 4)
1 3 1
   (1  3  2 3 )  3  2  (  3  2)
1 3 2
   11
  tan15  tan(180  15)  tan      tan
 12  12
69. Answer (1)
2
  5  5 5 –5
g  f     4   – 10    5 
  4  4 4 4
  5  5 5
Now, g  f     f 2    f   – 1
  4    4  4
5
Let f    t
4
–5
 t2  t – 1 
4
1
t2  t  0
4
2
  1
t  2   0
 
i.e., f  5   –1
4 2
70. Answer (4)
Here f : R  R, f(x) = 2x – 1
1
x
and g : R – {1}  Rg(x)  2
x 1
So, f(g(x)) = 2g(x) – 1
 1
x2
 2  1
 x  1 
 
2x  1  x  1 x  1  1
 
x 1 x 1
1
 1
x 1
So Clearly it is one-one but not onto
(1, 1)
71. Answer (1)

For f(f(x)) = x
f(x) = f–1(x)
finding f–1(x)
3x  3
y
6x  
3  x
 f x 
1
6x  5
 f(x) = f–1(x) gives
3  x 5 x  3

6x  5 6x  
 (30 – 6)x2 + (2 – 25)x + (3 – 15) = 0

 =5
72. Answer (2)
 g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2, g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3 and g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1

 gogog (3n + 1) = g(g(g(3n + 1))) = g(g(3n + 2)) = g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1
Similarly we can see that gogog = x (identity)
For fog = f to hold

‘f’ must be an onto function
73. Answer (2)
x 1
1
x 1 1
ƒ( x )   ƒ  ƒ( x )  x  1 
x 1 x 1 x
1
x 1
x 1
1
x 1

3
ƒ (x)    ƒ (x)   x  1
4
x
x 1 x 1
1
x 1
1 7 1 9 3
So, ƒ 6 (6)  ƒ7 (7)  ƒ 2 (6)  ƒ3 (7)     
6 7 1 6 2
74. Answer (1)
 1 n 
f  g   f  ai   
 n 
  i 1 
a1  a2  a3  .....  an
0
n
 First and last term, second and second last and so on are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
f ( x )  x 5  x 3  x
n
 f  ai     a15  a25  a35  .....  an5     a13  a23  .....  an3     a1  a2  .....  an 
i 1
= 0 + 0 + 0
=0
 1 n  1 n
 f  g   f  ai      f  ai   0
 n  n
  i 1  i 1
75. Answer (2)

1
  2  x 25   50
 
1
f(x) =  2 
  2
 2  x

25



 = 4  x 50  50
1
  1 
50  50



f(f(x)) =  4   4  x
50
 50 



x
   
As f (f (x)) = x we have
g(x) = f(f(f(x))) + f(f(x)) = f(x) + x
 g(x) = (4 – x50)1/50 + x
 g(1) = 31/50 + 1
 [g(1)] = 2
76. Answer (190)
2n , n  1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 f(n) = 
2n  11, n  6, 7, 8, 9, 10
 f(1) = 2, f(2) = 4, … , f(5) = 10
and f(6) = 1, f(7) = 3, f(8) = 5, … , f(10) = 9
n  1, if n is odd
Now, f(g(n)) = 
n  1, if n is even
 f(g(10)) = 9  g(10) = 10
f(g(1)) = 2  g(1) = 1
f(g(2)) = 1  g(2) = 6
f(g(3)) = 4  g(3) = 2
f(g(4)) = 3  g(4) = 7
f(g(5)) = 6  g(5) = 3
 g(10) (g(1) + g(2) + g(3) + g(4) + g(5)) = 190
[Inverse of Function]
77. Answer (2)
8 2 x  8 2 x
Let y 
8 2 x  8 2 x
84 x  1
 y
84 x  1
 84x. y + y = 84x – 1
 1 + y = 84x (1 – y)
4x 1 y
 8 
1 y
 1 y 
 4 x  log8  
 1 y 
1  1 x  1  1 x 
 f 1( x )  log8    log8 e loge  
4  1 x  4  1 x 
78. Answer (3)
y  5log x
 log y  log x  log5
log y
 log x  log5  log5 y
 x  elog5 y
 x  y log5 e
1
 xy log5
79. Answer (2)

Finding inverse of f(x)
x 2
y  xy  3 y  x  2  x ( y  1)  3 y  2
x 3
3x  2
 f 1( x ) 
x 1
Similarly for g–1(x)
y 3 x 3
y = 2x – 3  x   g 1( x ) 
2 2
3 x  2 x  3 13
  
x 1 2 2
 6x – 4 + x2 + 2x – 3 = 13x – 13
 x2 – 5x + 6 = 0
 (x – 2) (x – 3) = 0
 x = 2 or 3
80. Answer (1)
 f : A  B and g : B  C then (gof)–1 = f–1 o g–1
 f–1 : B  A and g–1 : C  B
 (gof)–1 : C  A
 f must be one-one and g will be onto function.
[Odd and Even Functions]
81. Answer (1)
 a x  a x   ax  a x 
f(x) = ax =     
 2   2 
a x  a x
where f1(x) = is even function
2
ax  ax
f2(x) = is odd function
2
 f1(x + y) + f1(x – y)
 a x  y  a x  y   ax y  a x  y 

=     
 2   2 
1 x y
= a (a  a  y )  a  x (a y  a  y )
2
(a x  a  x )(a y  a  y )
=
2
= 2f1(x).f1(y)
82. Answer (2)
Not that f(1) = f(2) = 2
f(3) = f(4) = 4
f(5) = f(6) = 6
f(7) = f(8) = 8
f(9) = f(10) = 10
gof(1) = f(1)  g(2) = f(1) = 2
gof(2) = f(2)  g(2) = f(2) = 2
gof(3) = f(3)  g(4) = f(3) = 4
 In function g(x), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 should be mapped to 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 respectively. Each of remaining
elements can be mapped to any of 10 elements.
Number of possible g(x) is 105
[Linear Functional Equations]
83. Answer (2)
 f(x + y) = f(x) · f(y)
 Let f ( x )  b x
 f(1) = 2
 b = 2
 f ( x )  2x
10
Now,  2a  k  16(210  1)
k 1
10
 2a  2k  16(210  1)
k 1
 2a 
(210 )  1  2  16  (210  1)
(2  1)
 2a = 8
 a3
84. Answer (3)
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), x, y  R, f 1  2
 f(x) = 2x
n –1
Now, g(n) =  f k 
k 1
= f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + .......f(n – 1)

= 2 + 4 + 6 + ...... +2(n – 1)
= 2[1 + 2 + 3 + ..... +(n – 1)]
 n – 1 n 
=2×  n2 – n
2
So, n2 – n = 20 (given)
 n2 – n –20 = 0
(n – 5)(n + 4) = 0
 n5
85. Answer (1)
Given f, g : N  N
and f(n + 1) = f(n) + f(1)
 f (2)  2f (1) 
 f (3)  3f (1) 

f (4)  4f (4)  f is one-one.
................. 

f (n )  nf (1) 
Now if f is onto  f(1) = 1
 f (n )  n
Also it is clear if fog is one-one  g will beone-one.

So only option (1) is not correct.
86. Answer (3)
ƒ(x + y) = 2ƒ(x)ƒ(y) & ƒ(1) = 2
x=y=1
 ƒ(2)  23 

x  2, y  1 ƒ( x )  2(2 x 1)

 ƒ(3)  25 
Now,
10
512 20
 ƒ(  k )  3
(2  1)
k 1
10
512 20
2  ƒ( )ƒ(k )  (2  1)
k 1 3
512 20
2ƒ( )  ƒ(1)  ƒ(2)  .....  ƒ(10)  (2  1)
3
512 20
 2ƒ(  ) 2  23  25  .....upto 10 terms   (2  1)
  3
 220  1  512 20
 2ƒ( )  2   (2  1)
 4 1  3
 
ƒ() = 128 = 22 – 1 = 2 – 1 = 7

 =4
  
Chapter 1
Solutions (Step-3)
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Answer (4)
y = f(x)
y
(, g())
g() – a
y=a
a – f()
(, f())
x
O
y = g(x)
g() – a = a – f()
f() + g() = 2a
In general f(x) + g(x) = 2a
 h(x) = 2a = constant
h(x) is neither one-one and onto.
2. Answer (2)
f ( x )  2 x 3  15 x 2  36 x  1
f(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36
= 6(x2 – 5x + 6)
= 6(x – 2) (x – 3)
Clearly the derivative changes sign in [0, 3] so, f is NOT one-one.
Now, the function is increasing in [0, 2] and decreasing in [2, 3].
Also, f(0) = 1
f(2) = 29
f(3) = 8
Hence the range is [1, 29] and so, the function is onto.
3. Answer (1)
We have,
x
f (x) 
1 x
x
x
 f ( x )  f (f ( x ))  1  x 
2
x 1 2x
1
1 x
x
3 1 x x
Also, f ( x )  
 x  1 3x
1 2 
 1 x 
x
Similarly, f 100 ( x ) 
1  100 x
4. Answer (1)
Obviously f(x) = sin2x, g(x) = x

5. Answer (3)
f (x)  x2 g(x) = 2x
 Domain of f(x) = R Domain of g(x) = R

and range of f(x) = R+  {0} Range of g(x) = R+
 fog is defined for R+ whereas gof is defined R+  {0}
If (fog)(x) = (gof)(x)
2
 22 x  2 x  x2 – 2x = 0 ; x = 0, 2
 Thus the required solution set is {0, 2}
6. Answer (4)
Range of f(x) = R
  
Domain of f(x) =   , 
 2 2
Range of g(x) = [0, 1]

Domain of g(x) = [–1, 1 ]
For g[f(x)] to be defined Range of f(x)  domain of g(x)
But range of f(x)  domain of g(x)
Hence g[f(x)] is not defined.
7. Answer (2)
f ( x )  x 2  1 x  R
0 , x  0
g ( x )  1  x 2  x  R, h( x )  
x , x  0
fog ( x )  1  x 2  1  x 2
h(fog ( x ))  x 2 as x2 > 0
8. Answer (4)
g(x) = x – [x] – 1 = {x} – 1 < 0
f(g(x)) = –1
9. Answer (2)
We have
f(x + 1) + f(x – 1) = 3 f(x),  x  R.
f(x + 1) = 3 f(x) – f (x – 1)
Let x + 1 = r
f(r) = 3 f(r – 1) – f(r– 2)
 f(r) = 3 [ 3 f (r – 2) – f(r – 3)] – f(r – 2)  f(r) = 3f (r – 2) – 3 f(r – 3) – f(r – 2)
 f(r) = 2f (r – 2) – 3 f(r – 3)
 f(r) = 2[ 3 f (r – 3) –f(r – 4)] – 3 f(r – 3)
 f(r) = 3 f (r – 3) –2f(r – 4)]
 f(r) = 3 [ 3 f (r – 4) –f(r – 5)] – 2f(r – 4)
 f(r) = f (r – 4) – 3 f(r – 5)
 f(r) = 3 [ 3 f (r – 5) –f(r – 6)] – 3 f(r – 5)

 f(r) + f(r – 6) = 0
 f(r) = f(r + 6) = f(r + 12)
Period of the given function is = 12
10. Answer (3)
Even extension of f(x) is obtained by changing sign of odd terms present in the function while keeping sign
of even terms same.
Hence, required extension of f(x) = 3sin3 x + 4x – sin |x| + log (1 + |x|) will be
3
= 3 sin x  4 x  sin | x |  log(1  | x |)
11. Answer (4)
 
Period of f(x), g(x), h(x) is , , 2 respectively.
2 2
12. Answer (3)
 x
(1) f ( x )  sin  cos   cos(sin x )
 2
x  x
Period of cos is 4 hence period of sin  cos  is 4 period of sin x is 2 but cos x is even hence
2  2
period of cos (sin x) will be .
Hence period of complete function will be LCM of (4, )  4.
(2) f(x) = cos x cos 2x cos 3x
We have f(x + ) = cos( + x) cos (2 + 2x) cos (3 + 3x) = cos x cos 2x cos 3x
Hence period = 
sin nx  2 
(3) The fundamental period of = L.C.M. of  , 2n   2n
 x  n 
sin  
 n
 2n = 4  n=2
(4) f ( x )  cos (a ) x
2
Period of f ( x ) is 
(a )
 (a )  2  (a) = 4
 a  (3, 4]
13. Answer (2)
If the graph is symmetrical about x = 5 then f(5 – t) = f(5 + t)
 f(5 + x) = f(5 – x)
14. Answer (4)
f(2 + x) = f(2 – x) … (i)
f(4 + x) = f(4 – x) … (ii)
By (i), (ii) we get f(x) = f(x + 4)
Hence period = 4
15. Answer (3)
 f ( x )  ln(1  sin x )
   
 sin   x   sin   x  x  R
2  2 

 Hence graph will be symmetric about line x 
2
16. Answer (2)

Fundamental period of |tanx| + |cotx| is
2

Fundamental period of tanax + cotax is
a
 a=2
17. Answer (3)
1
(1) f(x) =
1 x
y = f{f(f(x))}
 
 1   1   x  1 1
y = f{f   }= f  = f  =
 1 x  1  1   x  x 1
1
 1  x  x
y = x, which represents a straight line.
(2) g(f(x)) = | sin x |
f(g(x)) = (sin x )2
 f(x) = sin2x; g(x) = x

(3) f(x) = (a – xn)1/n
 f{f(x)} = x
 f 2(x) = x
Hence f 2006 (x) = x
(4) Even function is symmetrical about y axis hence it is many one.
18. Answer (2)
2 x
2f ( x ) 
2x
 2  x
f ( x )  log2 
 2  x 
 8x 
 2   8  2x 2  8 x 
Now f  8 x 
  log2  4  x2   log2  
4x 2
 2  8x 
2
 8  2 x  8 x 
 4  x2 
2
 4  x 2  4x   2  x  2  x
= log2   = log2    2.log   2.f ( x )
2 2  x  2  x 
 4  x  4 x 
 8x 
 f  2.f ( x )
 4  x 2 
1
 
2
19. Answer (1)

Given f(x) = 0
 ||x – 1| + a| = 4
Clearly, it has 3 solutions, from the graph

 a = –4
20. Answer (3)
According to question
Function is an even function if a  ( 0.2,0.2)
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (One or more than one option(s) is/are correct)
1. Answer (3)
for ( x, x )  R  ( x, x )  R 1
Let ( x, y )  R 1, ( y , x )  R  ( x, y )  R ]
 ( y , x )  R 1
Let ( x, y ), ( y , z )  R 1( y , x )  R and
( z, y )  R( z, x )  R  ( x, z )  R 1
2. Answer (1, 2, 3)
The relation in (1) is reflexive because ab = ba and a + b = b + a, so that
ab(b + a) = ba(a + b) i.e. (a, b)R(a, b)
It is also symmetric because
ad(b + c) = bc(a + d), i.e. (a, b)R(c, d), implies cb(d + a) = da(c + b),
i.e. (c, d)R(a, b). Simple computations show that relation (A) is Transitive, too, and that the relations in (B) and
(C) are also reflextive, symmetric and transitive,.
3. Answer (2, 4)
x
f ( x )  sin
2
Clearly, it is one-one and onto i.e., bijective.

f(x) = x|x|
Clearly, it is bijective
4. Answer (2, 3, 4)
1
f (x)  Dom (f ( x ))  R0
x
1
g( x )  Dom(g(x)) = R+
x
1
f (g ( x ))   x, x  0
1 
x 
 domain is same.
g (f ( x )  x x  0 
 f (g ( x ))  g (f ( x ) hence range is [0,  ) for both.

5. Answer (2, 3)
x a
f ( x )  sin .x  a  f –1( x )  
sin  sin 
Since, f(x) = f–1(x),  x  R
1 a
  sin  and a 
sin  sin 
3
  and a  R
2
6. Answer (1, 2)
f ( x )  x 2  2x  3  a cos x  0 gives |a| < 2.

7. Answer (1, 3, 4)
Clearly f(x) is even function.
For x  ( ,  1)  (1,  )
1
0 1
x2
Hence f(x) = 0
Also f(1) = 1
8. Answer (1, 2)
 2 2 
f(x) = sin ax + cos bx is periodic with fundamental period = LCM  ,
 | a | | b | 
3
From (1), if a = ,b=x
2
4 
Period = LCM  , 2 = 4
3 
From (2), if a = 3 , b = 5 3
 2 2  2
Period = LCM  ,  
 3 5 3 3
From (3), if a = 3 2 , b = 2 3
 2 2   6   6
Period = LCM  ,  = but f  x    f (x)
3 2 2 3  3  3 

From (4) if a, b  R such period of one of sin ax and cos bx is rational and other is irrational then LCM is
not possible. Hence options (1) and (2) are correct.
9. Answer (1, 2, 4)
(1) e  x  0
 sgn(e  x )  1 for all x  R
Hence, sgn(e–x) is periodic.

(2) f(x) = |sin x| + sin x
f(x) is periodic with fundamental period 2.
10. Answer (1, 2)
Period of f(x) is , period of g(x) is 1
Hence period of f[g(x)] = sin2 { x } will be 1.
Period of g[f(x)] = {sin2 x} will be 
 
 {sin2 x }  sin2 x, x  R  (2n  1) 
 2
But period of f (g ( x ))  g (f ( x )) will not be defined since LCM of rational and irrational is not defined.
11. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
f ( x )  sin[ x ] is non-periodic
For sin (x) = [0] [x]

[x] = 2n   which is not possible.
4
Also, for 0  x  1
sin[ x ]  tan[ x ]  0
12. Answer (1, 2)
(1) f ( x )  1 , x  R hence constant hence periodic.
(2) Periodic with period 2.

(3) Graph of function oscillates but is not periodic.
(4) f ( x  2i )  f ( x ) function is not periodic since time period is imaginary.
13. Answer (1, 2, 4)

(1) f(–x) = –f(x)
(2) A function can be odd only if its value at x = 0 is zero or undefined.
(3) Given function is even, continuous hence range cannot be ‘R’ hence into in R  R.
(4) True, see graph
x
y=
y = –x
14. Answer (1, 3, 4)
A function is called bounded if |f|x||  M (M is finite number)
(1) f ( x )  sin x, | sin x |  1 , hence bounded.

1
(2) At x = 0 x cos is undefined also as x   x cos x   hence unbounded.
x
(3) If x  (0,  ) xe  x  (0, e 1) , hence bound
(4) x  ( ,  ) {x} [0, 1), hence bound

15. Answer (1, 2, 4)
 2 , x Q
f (x)  
 2 , x  Q
Between two rational numbers at least one irrational number exists and between two irrational numbers at
least one rational number exists. So, function is periodic but fundamental period does not exist.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
 1, 2  x  0
f(x) =  2
 x  1, 0  x  2
 x, x  0
g(x) = | x | = 
  x, x  0
–2 0 1 2
(fog)(x) =  | x | 1 0|x| 2
 x  1, 0  x  2
 (fog)(x) = 
  x  1, 2  x  0
 | 1|, 2  x  0
Also (gof)(x) = | x  1|, 0  x  2

 1, 2  x  0

 (gof)(x) =  ( x  1), 0  x  1
 x  1, 1 x  2

  x, 2  x  0

h(x) = fog + gof =  0, 0 x 1
2( x  1), 1  x  2

Graph of h(x)
1. Answer (3)
From graph range [0, 2]
2. Answer (4)
Linear in [1, 2]
3. Answer (4)
From graph f(x) increases in [1, 2]
Comprehension-II
1. Answer (1)
fg ( x )  gf ( x )  x  f (g ( x ))  g ( x )  g f ( x )  f ( x )  1
1 1 1 1
 g ( x )   g (1)   =
f (g ( x )) f (g (1)) f (0) 2
2. Answer (3)
f–1(1) = y
3. Answer (2)
f (f ( x ))  x
2 x
 x
x  x  1
 ( 2  1)x  x 2 (  1)    1
Comprehension-III
min( x 2 , | x |) for  1  x  1
f1( x )   2
max( x ,| x |) for | x | 1  1
Hence f1( x )  x 2
max( x 2 , | x |),  1  x  1 –1 0 +1
f2 ( x )   2
min( x , | x |) if | x |  1
f2 ( x )  | x |
Hence f ( x )  f1( x )  2f2 ( x )
 x2  2 | x |
f(x)
 x  2 x, x  0
2
 2
 x  2x, x  0
–1 1
min. f ( x );  3  t  x,  3  x  0 –2 2
g(x )  
max. f ( x ); 0  t  x, 0  x  3
f ( x ) ; 3  x  1
f ( 1) ; 1 x  0 g(x)

 3
f (0) ; 0 x 2
f ( x ) ; 2 x 3
 x 2  2x ; 3  x  1 –1

1 ; 1 x  0 –3 2 3

0 ; 0 x 2 –1
 x 2  2x ; 2 x 3

1. Answer (1)
If 3  x  1 , then
Range = [–1, 3]
2. Answer (3)
Number of solutions = 3
3. Answer (3)
x  ( 1, 0) , f ( x )  x 2  2| x |  x 2  2x
x  ( 1, 0) , g ( x )  1
f ( x )  g ( x )  x 2  2x  1
Comprehension-IV
Symbols [x], (x), {x} do not have there usual meaning and have been redefined as follow.
[x]  represent least integer function.
(x)  represent greatest integer function
{x}  represent round of function which will convert any number to next integer if decimal part of it is 0.5 or more
otherwise to previous integer.
1. Answer (1)
f (x)  {sin x }  1
 {sin x }  1  0  {sin x }  1
1
 sin x 
2
  5 
 x   2n   , 2n  
 6 6 
2. Answer (3)
 1 1
If x  I  , I    { x }  I
 2 2
x  (I  1, I ]  [ x ]  I
Taking intersection of intervals
 1 
x  I  , I
 2 
3. Answer (1)
{ x }  I , hence {x} = x only for x  I .
SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Answer A(q), B(p), C(r), D(p)
1 x
f ( x)  , x  1
1 x
 1 1 x x 1
(A) f ( x )  f     0
 x  1 x x  1
1 x
1 1 1 1 x 1 1  x  1 x 2x
(B) f (f ( x ))   1  x =  1
x x 1 x 1  x  1  x 2x
1 x
x 1
1
  1   x  1 x 1 1
(C) f (f ( x ))  f  f     x  f   = x  = x

 x    x 1 x  1 x
1
x 1
1 1
x  2 for x > 0 or x   2 for x < 0
x x
1
(D) f (f (f (f ...f ( x ))))....  1
x
1
As f (f ( x ))  1 f
x
2. Answer A(q), B(r, s), C(p), D(q)
x3 x5
(A) y = x  
6 120
x3 x5
f(x) = x  
6 120
x3 x5  x3 x5 
f(–x) =  x   = x   = –f(x)
6 120  6 120 
which is an odd function
x
(B) y =
ax  1
x
f(x) =
a 1
x
x x x
f(–x) = =
x  (a x )
a 1 1
1  ax
a 1 x
which is neither even nor odd

x 1
f(0) = xlim x= n a
0 a 1
ax  1
(C) f(x) = x
ax  1
1
1
a x 1  ax
f(–x) = (–x) = (–x)
1 1 ax
x
1
a
(a x  1)
f(–x) = x = f(x)
ax  1
which is an even function.
ax  1
(D) f(x) =
ax  1
a x  1 1 ax  a x  1
f(–x) = = x =
 x
x
a 1 1 a  a  1
f(–x) =–f(x)  f(x) is an odd function
3. Answer A(q), B(p), C(p), D(q)
(A) 2[ x ]  x  2{ x }
2[ x ]  x  2[ x  [ x ]]
4[x] = 3x
3
[x]  x
4
4 8
Hence three solution x = 0, ,
3 3
y
3
2
1
14 28 3 4 x
3 3
(B)  0  x 2 and 0 < {x} < 1
 e0  e x 2
2
1  ex
2
Hence equation {x} = e x will have zero solution.
(C) See graph

–1
2 sin x
No solution
(D) f ( x )   x   sin 6x

2
3 
2  1 3
Fundamental period of  x   
 3  2 2
3
2 1
Fundamental period of sin 6x  
6 3
 3 1
Fundamental period of f ( x ) = LCM of  ,  = 3
2 3
4. Answer A(p), B(p), C(r), D(s)

f(1 + ) = f(1 - ),    (0, 1)
Domain of f is (0, 2)
 x 
Maxima of ln(2x – x2) as well as that of sin   occurs at x = 1
 2
g(x) = log[x – 1] sgn(x)
Domain (g) = [3, )
Range (g) = {0}
SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Answer (2)
If g(x) is periodic then g(x + T) = g(x)
Also f [g ( x  T )]  f (g ( x )] hence f (g ( x )) is periodic.
f ( x )  [{ x }]  0 is a constant function, hence periodic but its fundamental period cannot be defined.
2. Answer (1)
f ( x )  x 2 log(| x |  1)
f (  x )  (  x )2 log(|  x | 1)  f ( x ) hence even domain of f(x) is ‘R’ and it is continuous function.
Hence statement-2 is true.
 Range of any even continuous function cannot be ‘R’ hence any even continuous function cannot be onto
in co-domain R.
3. Answer (1)
Statement-1: f(x) = 4x3 – 6x + 1, may be positive as well as negative, hence f(x) is many one
Statement-2 is clearly true
4. Answer (4)
Statement-1 is false but Statement-2 is correct.
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Answer (3)
2  x ; 1  x  0
f (g ( x ))   2
 x  2 x  2 ; 0  x  1
2. Answer (7)
g : R  R g(x) = 3 + 4x.
g(x) = 3 + 4 x
g 2 ( x )  g (g ( x ))  3  4g ( x )  3  4(3  4 x ) = 42x + 4.3 + 3

g4(x) = g[g{g{g(x)}}] = 255 + 256x
g4(1) = 511.
3. Answer (3)
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
 f(1) = 2, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 6 . . . , f(50) = 100
50
 f (r ) = f(1) + f(2) + f(3)+ . . . + f(50)

r 1
= 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + . . . + 100
= 25[4 + 98] = 25 × 102 = 2550.
4. Answer (5)
1
ex  ex ex  x e2x  1
f(x) = = e =
2 2 2e x
g{f(x)} = x
 e 2 x  1  e1002  1
 g x 
 x  g  501
 2e   2e 501 
5. Answer (4)
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)
f(1) = 4
 f(2) = f(1) + f(1) = 4 + 4 = 8
 f(3) = 12
. . . .
. . . .
 f(a) = 4a
n n
Now 
k 1
f (a  k )  2n(33  n )   [f (a)  f (k )]  2n(33  n)
k 1
 4an + [f(1) + f(2) + . . . + f(n)] = 2n(33 + n)

 4an + 2n(n + 1) = 2n (33 + n)
 2a + n + 1 = 33 + n  a = 16.
6. Answer (7)
x2
Clearly g(x) = f1(x) = for x > 4
64
(256)2
g(256) = = 1024.
64
7. Answer (7)
1 3
f(x) =  x
2 4
1 3
f(x) =  x =y
2 4
3 1
 x y
4 2
2
3  1
 x– = y  
4  2
1 3
 x = y2 + –y+
4 4
 4x = 4y2 + 1 – 4y + 3
 4x = 4y2 – 4y + 4
 x = y2 – y +1
 f –1(x) = x2 – x + 1
 f –1(3) = 32 – 3 + 1 = 7
8. Answer (7)
Given S = {1, 2, 3, 4}
S S
1 1
f
2 2
3 3
4 4
 f(i)  2i,  i  S
For i = 1, f(1) can be 1 or 2
i = 2, f(2) can be 1, 2, 3 or 4.
i = 3, f(3) can be 1, 2, 3 or 4
i = 4, f(4) can be 1, 2, 3 or 4
 Total number of such functions = 2 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 128
9. Answer (10)
Number of functions = 1 + 4C2 + 3 = 10
10. Answer (9)
A f A
1 1
2 2
3 3
g
Number of function = 33 – 23 = 27 – 8 = 19
11. Answer (8)
A B
f
x1 y1
x2 y2
x3 y3
x4 y4
x5 y5
 f(x1) = y1, f(x2) = y2
Case-I :
When x3, x4, x5 are not related to y1 and y2.
The number of onto functions
3!
=  2! = 6
1! 2!
Case-II :
When x3, x4, x5 are related to any one of y1 and y2.
The number of onto functions
3!
  3!  2!
3!
= 12
Thus, total number of onto functions
= 6 + 12
= 18
12. Answer (2)
y
(–3, 5)
(–3, 4)
(–1, 2)
(–1, 1)
x
O
Area = 2 sq. units
SECTION - G (Previous Years Questions)

1. Answer (B)
 x, if x is rational
(f  g )( x )  f ( x )  g ( x )  
  x, if x is irrational
Distinct elements of R have distinct images in f – g.
 f – g is one-one.
Range of f – g is R.  f is onto.
 f – g is one-one and onto.
2. Answer (A)
We have,
f(x) = x2 and g(x) = sinx, x
 f(g(g(f(x)))) = g(g(f(x)))
 g(f(x)) = g(x2) = sinx2
 g(g(f(x))) = g(sinx2) = sin(sinx2)
 f(g(g(f(x)))) = (sin(sinx2))2
 (sin sinx2)2 = sin(sinx2)
 sin(sinx2) = 0 or sin(sinx2) = 1
But sin(sinx2) = 1 is not possible hence sinx2 = 0
 x2 = n
 x =  n , n  {0, 1, 2, 3......}
3. Answer (B)
f ( x )  2 x 3  15 x 2  36 x  1
f(x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36
= 6(x2 – 5x + 6)
= 6(x – 2) (x – 3)
Clearly the derivative changes sign in [0, 3] so, f is NOT one-one.
Now the function is increasing in [0, 2] and decreasing in [2, 3]
Also, f(0) = 1
f(2) = 29
f(3) = 8
Hence, the range is [1, 29] and so, the function is onto.
4. Answer (C)
f(x) = |x|(x – sinx)
  x ( x  sin x ), x  0
f (x)  
 x ( x  sin x ), x  0
  x 2  x sin x, x  0
f (x)   2
 x  x sin x, x  0
2 x  x cos x  sin x, x  0

f ( x )  
 2 x  x cos x  sin x, x  0
( x  sin x )  x (1  cos x ), x  0

f ( x )  
 ( x  sin x )  x(1  cos x ), x  0
 x – sinx < 0 if x < 0 and 1 – cosx > 0, x  R.

 f(x) > 0 if x < 0
and f(x) > 0 if x > 0
 f(x) is increasing function in xR.
and xlim f ( x )  lim | x | ( x  sin x )

 x 
 lim ( x 2  x sin x )  
x 
and xlim f ( x )  lim | x | ( x  sin x )  

 x 
 Range of f(x) = R.
 f is both one-one and onto.
(C) is correct.
5. Answer (A, B, C)
f(x) = (log(sec x + tan x))3
f(–x) = (log(sec x – tan x))3
3
 1 
= log  
 sec x  tan x 
= –f(x)
 f is odd.
(sec x tan x  sec 2 x )

Also f'(x) = 3(log(sec x + tan x))2 .
sec x  tan x
  
= 3 sec x . (log(sec x + tan x))2 > 0 in   , 
 2 2
  
 f is increasing on   , 
 2 2
 f is one-one
lim  (log(sec x  tan x ))3   and lim  (log(sec x  tan x ))3  

 
x x 
2 2
 Range is  .
6. Answer (A, B, C)
  
f  x   sin  sin  sin x  
6 2 
  
 sin x 
2 2 2
 
1  sin  sin x   1
2 
      
sin 
6   sin  6  sin  2 sin x     sin 6
     
1    1
 sin   sin  sin x    
2 6 2  2
   
f  g  x    sin   sin  sin  sin x    
6    
  2 2
 
1  sin  sin x   1
2 
    
 sin  sin x  
2 2 2  2
  
1  sin   sin  sin x     1
2 2 
     
  sin   sin  sin x    
6 6 2 2  6
1     1
 sin  sin  sin  sin x    
2 6 2 2  2
     
sin  sin  sin x   sin  sin x 
lim 6 2 

6 2 
x 0    
sin x sin  sin x 
2 6 2 
 
sin  sin x 
  2 
 lim
x 0 6  6
sin x
2
f(x) g(x)
x R  1 1
f ( x )   , 
 2 2
  1   1
Range of g(f(x)) is  sin   , sin 
 2  2  2 2 
  1  1
  2 sin 2 , 2 sin 2 
 
Hence 1 does not belong to this range.
7. Answer (119.00)
 = Number of one-one functions from X to Y
 = Number of onto functions from Y to X
= Make 5 groups out of 7 elements of Y and permutate these groups to 5 elements of X
7 7
  5 5
3.  1 . 4  2   13
4 2
2. 3
1 7 7 7
        = 7 [5 + 15 – 3] = 119
5 3. 4  2 3 3 5. 2
  

CLS - ENG 23 24 XII - Mat - Target 1 - Level 1 - Chapter 1

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CLS - ENG 23 24 XII - Mat - Target 1 - Level 1 - Chapter 1

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Chapter 1

Relations and Functions

For any x, y  R, we have

Clearly x  R for   1 . So, f is not onto.

Here, b * a | b  a | 1 |  1 a  b  | 1   1 a  b  1  1 a  b  1 | a  b | 1  a * b

20. Answer (1)

For even function f ( x )  f (  x )

28. Clearly, g(x) = f –1(x)

Relations and Functions

R2–1 o R1 = {(1, 3)}

The number of Surjections = 2n  2 C1.1n  2n  2

16. Answer (4)

17. Answer (1)

18. Answer (3)

Here f  g  x    f  x   x    f   x     x    0 , where {.} represents fractional part function.

24. Answer (2)

26. Answer (3)

Odd and Even Functions

Clearly f(x) is odd.

Linear Functional Equations

40. Answer (1)

i.e., radius of circle  12  12  2

42. Answer (1)

(–2, 4) (0, 0) (2, 0) (4, 0)

46. Answer (4)

R = {(x, y) : yAi, iff xAi, 1  i  k}

(a, a)  aAi iff aAi

(a, b)  aAi iff bAi

(b, a) R as bAi iff aAi

(a, b)R & (b, c) R.

 a Ai iff b Ai & b Ai iff c Ai

 a Ai iff c Ai

(3) Transitive : Let (a, b)R, (b, c)R

 log 5 3  2  cos x  sin x  

Then range of f(x) is [0, 2]

B  1, 4, 9, 16, ......

Graphically f (x) is not injective but surjective.

 Option (2) is correct.

Total number of onto functions = 6

 g(3) = 2g(1) then (g(1), g(3))

In each case number of onto functions = 4

59. Answer (4)

 Domain of fog(x) =  – {–1, 1}

Now, f(2) = 1, g(2) = 3  (f + g) (2) = 4

f(3) = 1, g(3) = 4  (f + g) (3) = 5

f(4) = 2, g(4) = 5  (f + g) (4) = 7

f(5) = 1, g(5) = 6  (f + g) (5) = 7

Now,  fmin = 1, gmin = 3

63. Answer (720)

69. Answer (1)

So, f(g(x)) = 2g(x) – 1

71. Answer (1)

 (30 – 6)x2 + (2 – 25)x + (3 – 15) = 0

72. Answer (2)

 g(3n + 1) = 3n + 2, g(3n + 2) = 3n + 3 and g(3n + 3) = 3n + 1

Similarly we can see that gogog = x (identity)

For fog = f to hold

75. Answer (2)

 log y  log x  log5

79. Answer (2)

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), x, y  R, f 1  2

= f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + .......f(n – 1)