Cerne wensShaping Maths Tan Cheow Seng Marshall Cavendish ULSI cciication "Maths Builder 6A is designed to complement the Primary 6 Shaping Maths 6A (2% Edition) textbook. Written in line with the requirements of the latest Primary Maths Syllabus set by the Mi of Education, this book provides pupils with a firm foundation of mathematical concepts by allowing pupils to revisit and reinforce specific concepts, skills and strategies. Through ample practice questions, pupils are tested on their understanding of concepts. The questions cre careully sequenced to build grecter confidence in pupils and to make learning of Mathematics 0 positive ond rewarding experience. Features in these books: «© What You Have Learnt walks pupils through the concepts mastered in the unit and provides an overview of the concepts to be revised in the practices. * Question Classification Questions are classified according to the following skill levels: Recall Practice Reinforcement Practice Higher-order Thinking Skils This will help pupils progress from one level of mastery to the next, thus gradually building their confidence. Higher-order Thinking Skils questions are included at the end of every chapter to enhance pupils thinking ond problem-solving sil Use of calculator {ff inculcates the appropriate use of calculators without compromising basic computational skills Links to the Shaping Maths Coursebook EEE) are indiected atthe start of ech section to enable pupils to revise the concepts learnt before attempting the questions. + Topical Review helps pupils consolidate their learning, The grading system serves to enable pupils to check whether they have thoroughly grasped the concepts learnt. Semestral Review allows pupils to practise answering questions in the examination format to better prepare them for their Semestral Assessments. Moths Builder 6 will be tremendously beneficial to pupils who aim to consolidate their understanding of concepts learnt through structured and progressive revision exercises. Get started on your exciting ‘Maths journey with Maths Builder now!Chapter 1 Algebra * Recall Practice © Reinforcement Practice > Algebraic Expressions > Simplification and Evaluation > Solving Word Problems > Higher-order Thinking Skills * Topical Review Chapter 2 Fractions * Recall Practice * Reinforcement Practice > Dividing a Whole Number by a Proper Fraction > Dividing a Proper Fraction by a Proper Fraction > Solving Word Problems > Higher-order Thinking Skills * Topical Review Chapter 3 Percentage * Recall Practice © Reinforcement Practice > Finding the Whole when a Percentage is Known > Higher-order Thinking Skills > Change in Percentage > Higher-order Thinking Skills \ > Solving Word Problems > Higher-order Thinking Skills * Topical Review VW 12 14Chapter 4 Ratio # Recall Practice © Reinforcement Practice > Ratio and Fraction > Equivalent Fractions and Ratios > Higher-order Thinking Skills > Changing Ratios > Higher-order Thinking Skills © Topical Review Chapter 5 Speed # Recall Practice * Reinforcement Practice > Speed and Average Speed > Solving Word Problems > Higher-order Thinking Skills * Topical Review Chapter 6 Solid Figures © Recall Practice © Reinforcement Practice > Drawings of Solid Figures > Nets © Topical Review Semestral Review 1 Answers 62 64 68 73 75 79 81 87 90 93 97 98 103 105 108 114 120 133What you have learnt * Algebraic Expressions © Simplification and Evaluation * Solving Word Problems és , & ‘Write an expression to represent each of the following. Do.not work out the answers. Example a) has Bean clone for you. a) 2 more than 15 1542 b) 3 less than 27 c) 5 multiplied by 18 d) Divide 42 by 6. e) Add 2 to (3 multiplied by 14). f) Subtract 6 from (7 multiplied by 11). g) Add 3 to 42. Then divide the result by 4. «© 2009 Marshall avendshInteratonal singapore) Private Limited Exgfaghtatis Maths Builder 6AFind the vole of each ofthe following when __ represents the number 12. Example a) has been done for you. a) 8 less than C.) 12-8=4 b) 13 more than (le) c) Multiply C) bys d) Divide O led e} Add 10 to thrice of (e)} f) Subtract from (6 multiplied |) 4) Add 6to[__}, then divide the result by 3 Exguytistts Maths Builder 6A (© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private LimitedAlgebraic Expressions 1 The letter n represents a number. Write expressions in terms of n for each of the following. Example a) has been done for you. a) Add 5 ton. 54n b) Add n to 16. cc) Subtract 12 from n. ) Subtract n from 20. e) Find the sum of n and 18. f) Find the difference between n and 17 when nis less than 17. .© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited Gietightatis Maths Builder 6A 31B) The letter m represents a number. Fill in the blanks with expressions in terms of m for each of the following. Example a) has been done for you. a) 6+6=2x6 m+m=2xm menj=__22m 2x m=__2m__ b) 6+64+6=3x6 | m+m+m=3xm m+m+m= 3xm= c) 64+64+64+6=4x6 m+m+m+m=4xm d) m+m+m+m+m=5xm 5xm= m+m+m+m= Axm= e) 3+4=3 f) 748-2 m+4= m+8= © Fill in the bo: ith th t S SY lin the xes WI le correct answers. 3 Da Ming spent $5 on a meal. Xiao Ming spent $y less than Da Ming. Express the amount of money that Xiao Ming spent in terms of y. age in terms of x. 4 Gkefightstts Maths Builder 6A () Tammy is 10 years old. Her sister is x years younger than her. Express the sister's Cc © 2008 Marshall Cavendish International Singapore) Private Limited5) Jolin’s mass is 42 kg this month. She was z kg heavier last month. Express her mass last month in terms of z. J 6) Cathy is m years old now. a) Express her age 3 years ago in terms of m b) Express her age 4 years from now in terms of m. a) b) UU 7) Selva is 4 times as old as his nephew. His nephew is n years old now. a) What is Selva’s age in terms of n? b) How old will Selva be in 5 years’ time? Express your answer in terms of n. a) b) UU 8) Danny bought 4 boxes of doughnuts. There were p doughnuts in each box. a) Express the total number of doughnuts Danny Fourke in terms of p. b) How many doughnuts had Danny left after he gave 3 away? Express your answer in terms of p. ql b) _) zee {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited GXqeaGAMID Moths Builder 6A kg 5Tie, 9) There were y pupils in a class. They were arranged equally into groups of 6. How many groups were there? Express your answer in terms of y. os 10 Alfred had $10 at first. After getting $w from his mother, he was able to pay for 4 similar tubs of margarine. What was the price of each tub of margarine in terms of w? ooo 11. Dillion had k pieces of counters. He gave his team leader 5 pieces and shared the rest equally among 4 team-mates and himself. How many counters did each of the 4 team-mates get? Express your answer in terms of k. aa 12 A tube of glue cost $3 and a correction tape cost $g. Weiloon paid for 4 tubes of glue and 5 correction tapes. How much did he spend in all? Express your answer in terms of y. Co 6 Rteigtets Moths Builder 6A £© 2009 Masa Cavendih international Singapore) avat itedSimplification and Evaluation 1) Simplify each expression. Maths CB 6A a)d+d+d b) e+ 2e ¢) o ay pen f jaeusk h) aoe i) —y i = jipvipaze )) a Bl) Simplify each expression. a) Sr + 2r+2 b) 7s-3s+3 ¢) a Tarr e) a f) ara ee ao i) 6z+344z-2 j) Na+6-6a-3 {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore Private Limited Gigtigfiiatis Maths Builder 6A 7eet em ()B)) Find the value of each expression when r= 10. a) r+8 b) r-7 d 25+ d) 4r e) 3r+5 f) 27-2r 9) 4r-9 We iy er y 8 |4 Simplify, then find the value of each expression when t= 8. a) 3t+t+5 b) 7t- 24 - 2t : c) 5t+17-3t-9 d) 16+6t-10-t 8 © GkgtigXtstis Moths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited\ << Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. aS 7 i CO a I choose a number represented by y. I multiply my number by 4. Next, I subtract 11 from my product. Then I divide the result by 2. a) What is my final expression in terms of y? b] What is the value of the final expression when y = 6? es 8! I choose a number represented by x. I multiply my number by 3. Next, I divide my product by 4. Then I add 13 to the result. a) What is my final expression in terms of x? b) What is the value of the final expression when x = 7? b) co 7 |© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited GiagNtatis Maths Builder 6A 9r (F Sally uses toothpicks to build the following pattern of squares. Study the pattern. | Then complete the table. Ist Figure 2nd Figure 3rd Figure Ist 1 4=3x1+1 2nd 2 7 =3x2+1 3rd 3 10 =3x3+1 4th 4 X a) How many toothpicks does she need for the 4th figure? 7) b) How many toothpicks does she need for the éth figure? i c}] How many toothpicks does she need for the nth figure? a) 10 Gkefightetts Moths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private LimitedSolving Word Problems [The mass of Hassan’s pet kitten is t kilograms. It is 13 kg heavier than Ahmad's pet kitten. a a) What is the total mass of the two kittens in terms of t? b) What is the total mass of the two kittens when t = 5? 1B) Yoti is x years older than Ramin. Lia is 12 years old now and she is 2 years younger than Ramin. a) How old is Yati in terms of x? b) How many years older is Yati than Lia when x = 6? 19) Each relay team in a sports event consists of 6 boys and m girls. a) Express the number of children in 6 such teams in terms of m. b) How many children are there in the 6 teams if m= 4? {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited Giggs Moths Builder 6A 11Kok Thio has a piece of yellow ribbon which is 38 cm long. He has a piece of red ribbon which is nem long and a piece of blue ribbon which is twice as long as the red ribbon. a) Express the average length of the three pieces of ribbons in terms of n. b) What is the average length of the three pieces of ribbons when n = 32? A carpet is p metres long and 3 metres wide. a) What is the area of the carpet in terms of p? b) When p= 5, what is the cost of the carpet if the cost per m? is $45? Higher-order Thinking Skills 6) The perimeter of a rectangle is 46 cm. Its length is d cm. a) What is the breadth ofthe rectangle in terms of d? b) If d= 12, what is the area of the rectangle? 12, GiagigMtstis Maths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited7) ABCD is a parallelogram formed by a length of wire. A B (2a+ 4) cm a) What is the perimeter of ABCD in terms of a? b) The wire is reshaped into a rhombus. What is the length of each side of the rhombus in terms of a? ¢) Given that a = 6 cm, what is the length of each side of the rhombus? 8) MrLi’s monthly income is $n. Mr Teo’s monthly income is four times as much as Mr Li’, a) What is the difference between Mr Li's and Mr Teo's income over a period of 6 months? Express your answer in terms of n. b) What is their total annual income in terms of n? c) If Mr Li’s monthly income is $800, what is their total annual income? © 2009 Marshal Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited Gkgghtatis Maths Builder 6A 13Calculators are not allowed in this review. Part A [7 Write an algebraic expression for each of the following. [5 x 1 mark] (___tnstrons nebricoxpretion @) Add 5 to m. b) Subtract 4 from n. ¢) Subtract p from 14. d) Multiply 12 by q. e) Divide s by 20. is Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. 1B) The moss of a passion fruit is 41.5 g, The mass of a stor fruit is m grams more than the passion fruit. ' a) What is the mass of the star fruit in terms of n? [1 mark] J b) What is the total mass of the two fruits in terms of n? [1 mark] [37 Morthy is (p+ 3) yeas old now. a) Express his age 2 years ago in terms of p. [1 mark] b) Express his age 3 years from now in terms of p. [1 mark] UU U 14 GEgGgMEtD Moths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limiteda) The cost of Write an algebraic expression in terms of z for each of the following. « regular pizza is $2. The cost of a loaf of garlic bread is $2. What is the total cost of 3 regular pizzas and 4 loaves of garlic bread? [7 mark] $ | b) Mrs Wong bought 4 boxes of honey baked chicken wings. There were 6 pieces of wings in each box. After she gave 5z pieces to her children, how many pieces did she have left? [1 mark] | c] Mahmud had three baskets of mangosteens. There were 50 mangosteens in each of two of the boskets and 3z mangosteens in the third basket. He repocked all the mangosteens equally into bags of 20. How mony bogs did he get? [7 mark] i bags d) Given the three numbers 41, z and 22 + z, find the average of the three numbers. [1 mark] Simplify each expression. [6 x 1 mark] | a) e+ 2e b) 4f-F <) 5g 3g d) 3h+ 2h- 4h e) 6j- 2+j f) 7k- 4k 3k {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private LimitedBee EEE Eee EE Eee Eee ee eee eee ac 16) Simplify each expression. [6 x 1 mark] o) Am+ 2m+5 b) 6n-5n-2 c) 7p+3+p-2 d) 3q+4-2q-1 e) 7+ 4r+6-r f) 5s+6-3s-3 17) Find the value of each expression when k= 9. [4x 1 mark] a) k+9 b) 12-k ¢) 7k d) 5k-32 16 Gigaghtstis Maths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited8 Find the value of each expression when k = 3. [6 x ] mark] k -k a) b) 2k-4 5k 3k ay d)5+> 9 — Simplify, Then find the value of each expression when m = 7. [6 x ] mark] a) 4m-m+ 2m b) 3m-6+m c) 5m+4-2m d) 4+3m+17-m e) 18-2n+9-n f) 6m+7-5m-4 © 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited teats Maths Builder 6A 7ee oo. Part B For questions 10 to 16, show your working clearly in the space below each question. _ Aconsecutive number is a number which follows immediately after a given "number. The smallest of three consecutive whole numbers is m. a) What is the next larger number in terms of m? [1 mark] b) What is the sum of the three numbers in terms of m? [2 marks] id Diana wanted to buy n cinema tickets ot $7 exch but realised that she wos shor of $3 a) Express the amount of money Diana had in terms of n. [2 marks] b) If n= 5, how much money did Diana have? [7 mark] A school basketball team took part in three matches and scored a total of 11v points. The team scored 64 points in the Ist match and had the same score in the 2nd and 3rd match. a) Express the total score for both the 2nd and 3rd match in terms of v. [1 mark] b) Express the score for the 3rd match in terms of v. [1 mark] c) If v= 20, what was the score for the 3rd match? [7 mark] 18 — Ghytightatis Maths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited13 Nora, Mariam and Osman collect postcards of places of interest in Singapore. “Nora has 23 postcards. Mariam has 3m postcards more than Nora and Osman has m postcards less than Mariam. f a) Express the number of postcards Osman has in terms of m. [1 mark] b) Express the total number of postcards the three people have in terms of m. [1 mark] c) If m= 6, how many more postcards has Osman than Nora? [2 marks] 4 A rectangle is formed by bending a length of wire. Its dimensions are in centimetres. (a+ 24) a) What is the perimeter of the rectangle in terms of a? [7 mark] b) The wire is then bent to form a square. Express the length of each side of the square in terms of a. [7 mark] c) If a= 5, what is the length of the square? [1 mark] ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Ghefigtiatis Moths Builder 6A 19(15) The figure shows a cuboid. 12cm a) What is the area of the shaded face in terms of a? [1 mark] b) Find the perimeter of the shaded face in terms of a. [1 mark] ¢) Given that a = 5, what is the volume of the cuboid? [1 mark] 18) An orange cost d cents and an apple cost 5 cents more than the orange. 20 a) Express the cost of an apple in terms of d. [7 mark] b) Siti bought 3 oranges and an apple. Express the amount Siti had to pay in terms of d. [2 marks] ¢) Devi paid $11.10 for 6 apples and some oranges. If d= 60, how many more ‘oranges than apples did she buy? [2 marks] Ekgtaghtatis Moths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private imitedWhat you have learnt * Dividing a Whole Number by a Proper Fraction * Dividing a Proper Fraction by a Proper Fraction * Solving Word Problems a) tx2= |b 3 © 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (singapore) Private Limited@® Divide. Express each answer in its simplest form. a) 7+2=1o0f7 b) 11435 o) $4125 as aa e) 5+ 6= f) 2225 4 aie Zeiss g)5+12= h) p15 22 Giasgfatis Maths Builder 6A © 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited2 econ aie Dividing a Whole Number by a Proper Fraction [1 Divide. pie eke a) 2+55 b) 3+5 a al <) 4e he d) 5+5= pele f 8s555 ea g) 10+ h7+b= 15 2 ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Ghgightstis Moths Builder 6A 23.|B) Divide. Express each answer in its simplest form, a) 3+3= bj 424 d) 9+3= e) 3225 f) 6+0= | 7 9) 6+2= h) 1o+4= 24 Gieghiatis Maths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private LimitedDividing a Proper Fraction bya Proper Fraction =" [11 Divide. Express each answer in its simplest form. at ‘© 2008 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Gitighiatis Maths Builder 6A 257 [B) divide. Express each answer in its simplest form, s dF = o} Shode 36% ofthis figure. b) Shade 75% of this figure. «J Find the value of each of the following. {a} 30% of 200 kg b) 7% of $150 ere Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. WS From Olive's monthly solary of $3200, $960 is spent on her children’s education. What percentage of her salary is spent on the children’s education? a 49 Ata sole, « discount of 35% is given for al items. A large curtain costs $400 before the discount. What is the price of the curtain after the discount? i 40> The enrolment of « certain primary school is 820. OF this enrolment, 5% are members of the Red Cross Society. How many members are there in the Red Cross Society? Co ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited Gea Moths Builder 6A 39°1 con Mae Finding the Whole when a Percentage is Known ee @ ) S Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. Work out the following: a) 50% of a number is 21. What is the number? b) 15% of the number of marbles in a box is 30 marbles. How many marbles are there in the box? €) 40% of a sum of money is $720. How much is the sum of money? ad Work out the following: a) 16% of a number is 80. What is the number? b) 35% of the mass of flour in a packet is 280 g. What is the mass of the flour in the packet? ¢}_ 13% of the volume of sauce in the bottle is 19.5 ml. What is the volume of sauce in a bottle? ml 40 GhetigXtstis Maths Builder 64 ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limitedqa 65% of the seats in a cinema hall are occupied. If 105 seats are unoccupied, how many seats are there in the hall? ‘ a qa When Indrani bought a necklace, she paid $28.70 for the 7% GST. How much did the necklace cost before GST? i ds The price of a computer table is $112.35, inclusive of 7% GST. How much does it cost before GST? aes ai Ramasamy had many potted plants in his nursery. After selling off 15% of the potted plants, he had 425 potted plants left. How many potted plants had he at first? 0% 15% 100% (© 2008 Marshal Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited GigtigMistis Moths Builder 6A 41Chelvam scored 12 more points in the 1st game than in the 2nd game of a Word Puzzle Game. This was 24% of his score in the Ist game. How many points did he score in the 2nd game? 0% 100% 124% i Se ? 12 points ae The 7% GST for a ceiling fan is $14.70. What is the price of the ceiling fan inclusive of GST? 0% 100% 107% (I $14.70 lan ? 42 _ Gkfagtatis Maths Builder 6A © 2009 Marshal Cavendish intemationa Singapore) Private Limitedqo Of the people present at an outdoor concert, 55% were adults and + were children. The rest were performers. If there were 153 performers, how many people were present at the concert? 0% 55% 100% At Adults Children _| Performers} = 153 awe (.2.) Higher-order Thinking Skills sho Katijah donated 35% of her prize money to charity, gave $ of the prize money to her parents and saved the rest. The difference between the amount donated to charity and the amount given to her parents was $375. How much was her prize money? 0% 35% 100% Neen ee EET EEE 1 = 50% Charity [Savings Parents Se ee {© 2009 marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Chatightetis Moths Builder 6A 43.Paula, Stella and Tina shared a box of safety pins. Stella and Tina received 60% of the safety pins. Tina received 3 times as many safety pins as Stella. If Stella received 54 safety pins, how many safety pins were there in the box? 0% 60% 100% Stella Tina Paula 54 Go Geraldine, Hilda and Joko shared a box of chocolate beans. Geraldine’s share was 2 of Joko's share. Geraldine and Joko had 40% of the chocolate beans and Joko had 36 chocolate beans. How many chocolate beans were there in the x? Desi, Ena and Li Ling shared the bill for a meal. Desi and Ena paid 60% of the bill. For every $5 that Desi paid, Ena paid $4. Desi’s share of the bill was $30. How much did the meal cost? 44 Gkeggttstis Maths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshal Cavendish international (Singapore) Private LimitedChange in Percentage au Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. es “1 The price of a pair of jeans was increased by $12. Its original price was $80. What wos the percentage increase in the price of the poir of jeans? ox 100% ooo $12 Original price $80 % Increase? Cs 12) The original price of a cup of coffee wos $1. The price of the same cup of coffee was increased by 20 cents. What was the percentage increase in the price of the cup of coffee? Cs 13) The original price of a leather belt was $48. The price of the same belt after discount was $36. Express the discount as a percentage of the original price. 0% 100% Wh?) Original price $48 $36 % Discount? ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited ‘Geeta Moths Builder 6A 45{@) Zorc’s height this year is 130 cm. She was 5 cm shorter last year. What is the percentage increase in her height? ane, Last week, 180 people took part in a civil defence drill. This week, 207 people took part in the same drill. What is the percentage increase in the number of ole who took part in the drill this week? oo. The usual price of a blouse was $42. Elaine paid $8.40 less for the blouse after discount. What percentage discount did Elaine receive? 0% 100% Usual price $42 a cee $8.40 % Discount? . qr Alter some rice was removed from a sack, the mass of the sack of rice decreased from 10 kg to 6.25 kg, What percentage ofthe mass of rice wos removed from the sack? =) 46 Gisgigfitetts Moths Builder 6A (© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limitedqe The height of the water level in a rectangular tank was originally at 28 cm. "Some water was drained away and the height of the water level went down to 19.6 cm. What percentage of the water in the tank was drained away? i Mr Liew had a 15% increase in his salary. The increase amounted to $195. What was his salary after the increase? * 0% 100% 115% _——————— | $195 Salary after increase? ) Higher-order Thinking Skills Alter following a fitness programme for a month, Leo's mass was reduced by 5% to 57 kg. a) What was Leo's mass before the fitness programme? b) Leo continued the programme for another month, reducing his mass by 5%. What was Leo’s mass at the end of the second month? (© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited (GieagLat Maths Builder 6A 47aq Sue scored 320 marks out of 400 in her first semester tests. She scored 10% more marks in the second semester tests. a) How many more marks did she score in the second semester tests if the total possible mark remained at 400? b) Express the total marks Sue scored in the second semester tests as a percentage of the total possible mark. Go Mr Phang bought 2 similar handphones during a sale. He paid $105 less than what he would have paid for each phone originally, During the sale, all items were sold at a discount of 15%. GST was not included. a) How much did each handphone cost before the discount? b) How much did Mr Phang pay for his two handphones? 48 EhetagMtatis Maths Builder 6A, {© 2009 Marshall avendish Intemational Singapore) Private LimitedSolving Word Problems Grou may use a calculator to solve these problems. {FT} Ken sold 104 less comic books this week than last week. The decrease was 25% of the sale of comic books last week. How many comic books did he sell this week? o% 25% 100% Last week This week | ? 104 The area of a lawn was increased by 20% to 960 m?. What was the area of the lawn before the increase? 0% 100% 120% © 2009 Marshall Cavendish International Singapore) Private Limited Ekeighistis Maths Builder 6A 49(13) The price of a refrigerator was decreased by 15% to $935. What was the price of the refrigerator before the decrease? o% 85% 100% =? $935 (B11 reduce my original number by 15%, I get the number 170. What number will I get if I increase my original number by 35%? 0% 85% 100% 135% a erat 50 Gkafaghtetts Maths Builder 6A © 2009 Marshal Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited{B) I think of o number. If | increase the number by 35% and subtract 15, I get 390. What is the number that I am thinking of? 0% 100% 135% Nd 390 15 16) Agnes received $220 from her uncle. She saved $77 and spent 75% of the remaining amount on gifts for an orphanage. a) What percentage of her money did she sove? b} How much did she spend on the gifts? 0% 100% $77 75% of the remainder (© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited Gieyligttatis Maths Builder 6A 5117) There are 360 buttons in a box. 30% of the buttons are black. 25% of the buttons are white and the rest are brown. a) What percentage of the buttons are brown? b) How many more brown buttons than black buttons are there in the box? |B) 600 students took a fitness test. 60% of them received the bronze standard, 1 ofthe remainder received the silver standard and the rest received the gold standard. a) What percentage of the students received the gold standard? b) How many received the silver standard? 0% 60% 100% EEE" 600, fi [ Bronze siver | Gold 2 ™% 52 Giettaghtatis Moths Builder 6A (© 2009 marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private LimitedHigher-order Thinking Skills At a hawker centre, 40% of the stalls serve Chinese food. 32% ofthe stalls serve Malay food and the remaining 7 stalls serve Indian food. a) How many stalls serve Chinese food? b) How many more Malay food stalls than Indian food stalls are there? (10) Gillian spent 53% of her pocket money in the first week and the rest of her money in the second week. If she had spent $3.90 less in the first week, she swoald ae spent the same amount each week. a) How much pocket money did she have? b) How much did she spend in the second week? © 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Gigtighttis Maths Builder 6A 53GD Aliand Rafi share o bundle of ice-cream sticks. Ali receives 52 sticks. If Ali receives 8 fewer ice-cream sticks, Rafi will increase his share by 20%. How many ice-cream sticks are there in the bundle? (92 Pei Chun checked with two shops on the price of a particular model of DVD recorders. Alpha Shop offered a 1.5% discount on their usual price of $1080. Beta Shop offered a 20% discount on their usual price of $1150. Both shops charged GST at 7% after the discount. Which shop sold the DVD recorder at a cheaper price? How much cheaper was it? 54 Giagiigtstis Maths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited(13) 60% of the 1500 beads in a box are white and the rest are blue. The beads are of two sizes, medium and large. Zot the white beads are large and 25% of the blue beads are medium. How many large beads are there in the box? (14 Ara schools prize presentation ceremony, 600 seats were arranged at first. 30% of the seats were for parents and the rest were for students. As more parents wanted to attend the ceremony, the number of seats for parents was increased to 40%. How many additional seats were needed for the parents? {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Frivate Limited GLENS Moths Builder 6A 55Part A 1) Fill in the equivalent values, [10 x 1 mark] a) 25 2 » £ ¢) 0.18 doy el 2 \ se Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. Bala is thinking of a number. 20% of his number is 60. What is his number? 1 mark] Tam thinking of a number. 15% of my number is 90. What is my number? 1 mark] i |4) 27% of the number of matchsticks inc box is 81. How many matchsticks are there in the box? [1 mark] 56 Gkapgttatts Maths Builder 6A (© 2008 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private LimitedGru may use a calculator to solve these problems. | The usual price of a battery charger was $45. It was sold at $27 during a sale. The cost of a bicycle is $140, not inclusive of the 7% GST. What amount is the GST? [1 mark] eee After a discount of 35%, the price of a telephone stand is $162.50. What is the price of the telephone stand before the discount? [7 mark] $ Last year, a community library registered 225 new members. This year, it registered 243 new members. What was the percentage increase in the number of new members this year? [1 mark] What was the percentage decrease in the price of the battery charger during the sale? [7 mark] Nae (On Sunday, Mr Leong increased his sale of durians by 32%. The increase was 192 durians. How many durians did he sell on Sunday? [7 mark] Mrs Heng was given a 35% discount when she bought a ring from her jeweller. The discount was $210. How much did she pay for her ring? [1 mark] © 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited Exefaglistis Moths Builder 6A 57Fron B — You may use a calculator to solve these problems. Solving Word Problems For questions 11 to 20, show your working clearly in the space below each question. FT) Lost year, 120 needy students received help from a charitable organisation. This year, the number of needy students who received help increased by 10%. How many students did the organisation help this year? [2 marks] [1 The Lim Family increased their monthly expenses by 15% to $1380. How much was the monthly expenses before the increase? [2 marks] 73) During a sale, the usual price of a printer was reduced by 30% to $147. What was the usual price of the printer? [2 marks] y 58 Gtefagfiatis Maths Builder 68 {© 2009 Marshal Cavendish international Singapore) Private Limited14) Last month, Roland increased his collection of Singapore stamps by 14%. He “~~ collects another 24 stamps this month. The total number of stamps he has now is 822. What was the number of stamps he had before his collection increased last month? [2 marks] | Ganesh and Santha shared a bottle of soft drink. Ganesh’s share was 250 ml. ~ IfGanesh had 60 ml more, the volume that Santha would get would be reduced by 15%. What was the volume of soft drink in the bottle? [2 marks] 18) At a basketball match, 24% of the spectators were children and the rest were adults. of the adults were ladies and there were 432 children. How many men were at the match? [3 marks] (© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (singapore) Private Limited Gigfightatis Maths Builder 6A 59(1% In November, Mr Menon spent 14% of his monthly income on transport. In December, he spent 17% of the same monthly income on transport. He spent $69 more on transport in December than in November. a) How much did he spend on transport in December? [2 marks] b) How much was his monthly income? [2 marks} (18) Emily earned the same wages in May and June. In May she saved 75% of her "wages and in June she saved $75 less. She saved 10% less in June than in May. a) How much did she save in the two months? [2 marks] b) How much did she earn in the two months? [2 marks} 60 Geeagtiatis Maths Builder 6A (© 2009 marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited(19) 10% of the upper primary pupils competed during the school’s sports competition. 20% of those who competed were girls and there were 78 more boys than girls. a) How many pupils competed in the sports competition? [2 marks] b) How many upper primary pupils were there? [2 marks] (20) Lin Lin has $1-coins, 50-cent coins and 20-cent coins in her piggy bank. 75% of the coins are $1-coins, 8% of the coins are 50-cent coins and the rest are 20-cent coins. The total value of the 20-cent coins is $13.60. a) How many 50-cent coins does she have? [3 marks] b) What is the total value of her $1-coins? [3 marks] ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited GREETS Maths Builder 6A 61What you have learnt * Ratio and Fraction © Equivalent Fractions and Ratios * Changing Ratios ® Complete each sentence by filling in the correct ratio in its simplest form. a) 090% VRVUNY The ratio of the number of diamonds to the number of hearts is 1 PPRVOVIVVVYN 640000 | The ratio of the number of hearts to the number of diamonds to the total number of hearts and diamonds is Draw the correct number of squares and circles in each box to show the given ratio. @) The ratio of the number of circles to the number of squares is 3 : 4. O00 b) The ratio of the number of triangles to i number of squares to the number of circles is 2:3: 1. An | VyV 62 GhagtigMtstis Maths Builder 6A © 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapoce) Private Limited> Write each ratio in its simplest form. a) 4:12= b) 16: 24= ¢) 60:45: 30= d) 75:25:50= 4» Fill in the missing numbers. a) 2:3=8: b) 6:1 4 ¢ 245:25=4:9:5 d) 16: :8=4:8:2 g “<= Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. SH QN Cl (5) The PE. teacher used 12 blue beanbags, 8 red beanbags and 10 yellow beanbags during a lesson. a) Express the ratio of the number of red beanbags to the number of yellow beanbags to the number of blue beanbags in its simplest form. C b) Express the ratio of the total number of blue and red beanbags to the total number of beanbags in its simplest form. = > Mary and Nora donated some money to the Children’s Cancer Fund in the ratio ( Giefighttetts Moths Builder 6A 63 2: 3. Nora donated $450. How much did Mary donate? {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private LimitedD> A rope, 50 m long, is cut into three pieces in the ratio 2: 3: 5. What is the length of the shortest piece? (ce). Each pupil responded only once in a class survey on the stall each student patronised, The ratio of the number of pupils who patronised the drinks stall to the number of pupils who patronised the noodles stall to the number of pupils who patronized the fried rice stall was 7 : 2 : 5. IF 6 pupils patronised the noodles stall, how many pupils were surveyed? pe teers “1 There are some pupils in a school bus. The ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys in the bus is 4: 3. Ratio and Fraction Girls Boys Fill in each blank with the correct fraction. ¢), The mumber of boys is __of the wurnber 6 gis. b) The number of boys is of the total number of children. ¢} The number of girls is of the total number of children d) The number of girls is _____of the number of boys. 64 — Gkeagatis Maths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited12) Atan egg sellers stall, the ratio of the number of hen eggs to the number of duck ‘eggs to the number of quail eggs is 4: 2: 3. Hen eggs Duck eggs Quail eggs Fill in each blank with the correct fraction in its simplest form. «@) The number of duck eggs is of the number of hen eggs. b) The number of hen eggs is of the total number of all the eggs. ¢) The number of quail eggs is of the number of duck eggs. d) The number of quail eggs is _____of the total number of all the eggs. (3) The ratio of the number of apples to the number of oranges to the number of pears sold at a fruit stall is 6: 2: 1 Apples Oranges Pears Fill in each blank with the correct number. 0) The number of apples is times the number of oranges. b) The number of apples is times the number of pears. ¢) The number of oranges is times the number of pears. | d) The total number of all the fruits is times the number of pears. © 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Eketighttis Maths Builder 6A 65Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. as |) The number of female patients is + of the number of male patients in a hospital ward a) What is the ratio of the number of female patients to the number of male patients? l b) What is the ratio of the number of male patients to the number of female patients to the total number of patients in the ward? J cc) What fraction of the total number of patients in the ward are male patients? J d) Express the number of male patients as a fraction of the number of female patients in the ward. | 66 © Giaagfttatis Maths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private Limited|B) Ata meeting of boy scouts, girl guides and adult leaders, the number of girl guides was of the number of boy scouts. The total number of boy scouts and girl guides was 3 times the number of adult leaders. «a) What is the ratio of the number of adult leaders to the total number of boy scouts ond girl guides? ican b) What is the ratio of the number of boy scouts to the number of girl guides to the number of adult leaders? Gaze) c) Express the number of adult leaders as a fraction of the total number of people at the meeting. ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (singapore) Private Limited Giegtightatis Maths Builder 6A 67Equivalent Fractions and Ratios {1 Fillin the missing number for each of the following equivalent ratios. a) 4:5 =8: b) 3:2= 4 = 210 =18: =27: 12) Fill in the missing number for each of the following equivalent fractions. 2 13) The ratio 2: 3 can be written os the fraction &. Write the equivalent value for each of the following. a) 3:4 b) 7:6 2 d 2 5 d) s 68 Gitgttetis Moths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited|) Mrs Phua needs to prepare the ingredients to make cupcakes. Find the amount of ingredients that she will need for 5 and 16 such cakes. Then complete the table. ) flour 50g 250g b) sugar 30g 480g <) margarine 20g d) almond 10g 160g < Fill in the boxes with the correct answers. ‘ OS "5 MrQing mixes 3 / of white paint with 1 / of black paint to get grey paint. a) What is the ratio of the volume of black paint to the volume of white paint? b) Using the same ratio in part a), fill in the missing values in the table. ¢) If 4/ of black paint are used, how many litres of white paint does he need to obtain the same mix of grey? ae) d) If 18 / of white paint are used, how many litres of black paint does he need to obtain the same mix of grey? ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (singapore) Private Limited Gigtagitatis Maths Builder 6A 69.1) Lisa mixed 2 glasses of apple juice with a glass of carrot juice to make a drink for her guests. «) What is the ratio of the number of glasses of apple juice used to the number of glasses of carrot juice used? i b) To make the same drink, how many glasses of apple juice did Lisa need for mixing with 8 glasses of carrot juice? J Abbaker used 2 cups of raisins with 5 cups of flour to bake a loaf of bread. {a} What is the ratio of the number of cups of flour used to the number of cups of raisins used? i b) i) cups of raisins and C) cups of flour were needed to bake 3 such loaves of bread. | 1B) Anita and Rita gave their friends a treat and shared the cost of the meal. For every $4 that Rita paid, Anita paid $3. a) If Rita’s share amounted to $20, how much was Anita's share of the bill? b) What was the total amount of the bill? $20 Rita Y 2 Anita a) $ b)$ il 70 — GkafiagMtetis Maths Builder 6A {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited9 — During recess, the canteen vendor sold cold drinks and hot drinks in the ratio ~ 8:5. 130 drinks were sold altogether. How many more cold,drinks than hot drinks did the vendor sell? Cold drinks Hot drinks 130 om 10 Some teachers and 300 students went on an excursion. There were 2 teachers to every 20 students for this excursion. How many teachers were there? CL} 11 The sides of a triangle are in the ratio 3 : 4: 5. If the difference between the longest side and the shortest side is 4 cm, what is the perimeter of the triangle? 4cm ta) 12 Anelectrician ordered reels of green, red and blue wires in the ratio 3: 2: 4, He ordered 36 reels of blue wires. How many reels of wires did he order altogether? =) ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international (Singapore) Private Limited Cietightatis Moths Builder 6A 71[TB The ages of Andre, Benson and Chris are in the ratio 5: 3: 1. The total age of Benson and Chris is 24 years. What is the difference between Andre's age and Benson's age? CL} 114 At a mobile phone shop, the ratio of the number of sets of Model A to the number of sets of Model B is 4 : 3. The ratio of the number of sets of Model B to the number of sets of Model C is 6 : 5. What is the ratio of the number of sets of Model A to the number of sets of Model B to the number of sets of Model C? Model A. Model B on oo Model A Model B Model B Model C [ B:C=6:5 Ratio of the number of sets of Model A to the number of sets of Model B to the number of sets of model C is : 72 — Gtefagfitatts Maths Builder 6A ‘© 2009 Marshall Cavendish Intemational (Singapore) Private LimitedHigher-order Thinking Skills (15) To make a pudding, Jarena mixes the masses of flour, butter and sugar in the ratio 3: 2:1. a) If she uses 50 g of butter, how much sugar does she use? b) If the mass of the mixture is 600 g, how much flour does she use? 16) Sheba, Katijch and Yoko donated a sum of money to an old folks’ home. Sheba contributed 4 of the sum of money while Katijah and Yoko contributed the rest of the money in the ratio 2 : 3. If Yoko gave $15, how much did Sheba and Katijah contribute altogether? 2 $15 Sheba Katijah Yoko 7 J ofe box of coloured chalk pieces are red. The rest are yellow and blue. The ratio of the number of yellow chalk beat to the number of blue chalk pieces is 2: 1. There are 10 more pieces of yellow chalk than blue chalk. How many pieces of coloured chalk are there in the box? © 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited Gxgaghtatis Maths Builder 6A = 7313) Mohan had some 28 and 3B pencils. The ratio of the number of 2B pencils to the 76 number of 3B pencils was 3 : 4 at first. After his friend returned him 4 2B pencils, the ratio of the number of 2B ncils to the number of 3B pencils became 5 : 4. What was the total number of 2B and 3B pencils that Mohan had now? Before: 2B 3B After: 2B 3B Pauline and Pat collect photographs of local celebrities. The ratio of the number of photographs that Pauline has to the number of photographs that Pot has is 7:3. If Pauline gives Pat 16 photographs, they will have the same number of photographs. How many photographs has Pauline at first? aula Mui Song and Kwok Kee have some money to spend. Mui Song has $45 and the ratio of Mui Song’s amount to Kwok Kee’s amount is 3 : 2. Kwok Kee then receives another $5 from his father. What is the new ratio of Mui Song’s amount to Kwok Kee’s amount? Geegptetis Moths Builder 6A ) {© 2009 Marshall Cavendish international Singapore) Private Limited