UNIT 1

Introduction to Soft Computing: Soft Computing versus Hard Computing, Soft-Computing

Techniques: Artificial Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, Evolutionary Algorithm.

Expert Systems: Expert System Design. Types of Problems: Classification, Functional

Approximations, Optimizations.

Neural Networks: Mc-Culloch Pitt’s neuron model, Activation functions, Basic gates, Neural
learning. Training algorithms- Hebbian learning rule, perceptron learning rule, Delta learning
rule, Widrow-Hoff learning rule related problems. Error back propagation algorithm or
generalized delta rule. Setting of parameter values and design considerations (Initialization
of weights, Frequency of weight updates, Choice of learning rate, Momentum,
Generalizability, Network size, Sample size, Non-numeric inputs).

UNIT -2

Fuzzy Logic: Introduction, Classical Set Theory (Crisp Set): Operations & Properties, Fuzzy Set
Theory: Operations & Properties, Membership Functions and types, Fuzzy v/s Crisp Sets,
Classical relations (Cartesian product) and Fuzzy relations: Cardinality, Operations,
Properties and Composition, Tolerance and Equivalence Relations.

Crisp Logic vs Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy logic operations: AND, OR, NOT, Implication,Aggregation
and Deffuzification, Lambda-cuts or Alpha-cuts for fuzzy, Types of defuzzification. Fuzzy
Inference Systems and its design, Fuzzy Process, Type-2 fuzzy sets, Sugeno Fuzzy System.

UNIT -3

Genetic Algorithms: Concept, Solution, Initial Population, Genetic Operators, Fitness

Function, Stopping Condition. Fitness Scaling, Selection, Mutation, Crossover, Other Genetic
Operators, Algorithm Working, Diversity.

Other Evolutionary Algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimizations,

Traveling Salesman Problem.

UNIT -4

Deep Neural Networks: Introduction & Necessity of deep neural networks (DNN),Example:
Auto encoder DNN, Convolutional neural networks: Convolution operation,Motivation and
Pooling.

Hybrid Systems: Sequential, Auxiliary and Embedded Hybrid Systems, Neuro-FuzzyHybrid

System: Comparison, Characteristics & Classification, Neuro-Genetic Hybrid:Properties, GA
based Back Propagation Network and its advantages, Genetic- Fuzzy andFuzzy-Genetic
Hybrid systems: Tuning, Learning, Advantages.
TEXTBOOKS

1. Rajasekaran, G. A. Vijayalakshmi Pai; Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and

GenericAlgorithm, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
2. Anupam Shukla, Ritu Tiwari, Rahul Kala; Real Life Applications of Soft Computing;
CRC Press
3. S. N. Sivanandan and S. N. Deepa, Principles of Soft Computing, 2 nd Edition,
WileyIndia.
4. Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri Mohan, Sanjay Ranka; Elements of Artificial Neural
Network;Penram Publications.
REFERENCES

1. J. Zurada; Introduction to Artificial neural network; Jaico Publications.

2. Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, Aaron Courville, Deep Learning, MIT Press.
3. Charu C. Aggarwal, Neural Networks and Deep learning, Springer Publications.
4. Timothy J. Ross; Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, 3 rd Ed.; Wiley-India