2122-HFC

PHY
PAPER 1B Name: _______________________

Class: __________________( )
HO FUNG COLLEGE (SPONSORED BY SIK SIK YUEN)
MOCK EXAMINATION 2021

PHYSICS PAPER 1 Question

No.
Marks

SECTION B : Question-Answer Book B 1 12

2 5
This paper must be answered in English
3 10
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECTION B
4 5
(1) After the announcement of the start of the
5 8
examination, you should first write your Name, Class
and Class Number in the space provided on Page 1.
6 8
(2) Refer to the general instructions on the cover of the
7 9
Question Paper for Section A.
8 11
(3) Answer ALL questions.
9 9
(4) Write your answers in the spaces provided in this
Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins. 10 7
Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

(5) Graph paper and supplementary answer sheets will

be provided on request. Write your Name, Class and
Class Number on each sheet, and fasten them with
string INSIDE this Question-Answer Book.

(6) No extra time will be given to candidates after the

‘Time is up’ announcement.

2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–1 1
 Section B: Answer ALL questions. Parts marked with * involve knowledge of the extension component. Write your
answers in the spaces provided

*1. Two vessels A and B with volumes 1 m3 and 5 m3 respectively are connected by a tube of negligible volume
as shown in Figure 1.1. The tap T is closed initially. Vessel A contains an ideal gas at a pressure of 1.2 × 106
Pa while there is a vacuum in vessel B. The temperature of the two vessels is maintained at 0 oC by two
separate identical water baths. Each water bath contains 2 kg of water.

Given: The mass of a gas molecule in vessel A is 4.5 × 10−26 kg.

Figure 1.1

(a) Find the number of gas molecules in vessel A. (3 marks)

𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇

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(1.2 × 106 )(1) = 𝑛(8.31)(273) 1M

𝑛 = 529 mol
𝑁 = 𝑛𝑁𝐴 1M
23 ) 26
= (529)(6.02 × 10 = 3.18 × 10 1A

(b) Now tap T is opened and steady state is reached.

(i) Find the number of gas molecules in vessel B. (1 mark)
5
𝑁𝑏 = ( ) (3.18 × 1026 ) = 2.65 × 1026 1M
1+5

(ii) Find the root-mean-square speed of the gas molecules in vessel B. (2 marks)

1 3𝑅𝑇
𝑚𝑐 2 = 1M
2 2𝑁𝐴

3𝑅𝑇
𝑐=√
𝑁𝐴 𝑚

3(8.31)(273)
= √(6.02×1023)(4.5×10−26)

= 501 m s-1 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–2 2
 (c) Now tap T is closed again. The water bath around vessel B is heated to 100 oC.
(i) Given the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg -1 oC-1, find the energy required for the
heating process. Assume the gas in vessel B is always in thermal equilibrium with the water bath.
(Neglect the heat capacity of the vessel.) (3 mark)

𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐Δ𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 + 𝑁𝐵 Δ𝐸𝐾 𝑔𝑎𝑠 1M (for 1st term)

3 𝑁𝑏 𝑅
= 𝑚𝑐Δ𝑇 + Δ𝑇 1M (for 2nd term)
2 𝑁𝐴

3 2.65×1026
= ((2)(4200) + ( )) (100)
2 6.02×1023

= 906 kJ 1A

(ii) By kinetic theory, explain the increase in gas pressure in vessel B during the heating process.
(3 marks)

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

Gas molecules move faster during heating (speed / KE increases). 1A

Gas molecules hit the wall of vessel more frequently and violently. 1A + 1A
Hence pressure in vessel B increases.

[Without: wall of vessel, at most 2]

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–3 3
 2. Two cars, A and B, travel along the same lane of a straight highway at a common initial speed of 30 m s -1.
They are initially separated by a distance d as shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1

Due to traffic condition, the driver of car A applies a brake to slow down his speed to 22 m s-1. The driver of
car B also applies a brake after a reaction time. The velocity-time graphs for cars A and B are shown in Figure
2.2. Both cars have the same deceleration during the braking period.

Extend to zero 1A

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Figure 2.2

(a) Find the magnitude of deceleration of the cars during braking. (2 marks)
𝑣−𝑢
𝑎=
𝑡
22−30
= 1A
1.3
-2
= −6.15 m s
The magnitude is 6.15 m s-2. 1A

(b) (i) State the physical meaning of the shaded area in Figure 2.2. (1 mark)

It represents the decrease in separation of the cars d. 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–4 4
 (ii) Suppose that, instead of only slowing down to 22 m s -1, the cars had to stop.

Add lines to show the velocity-time graphs of the cars in this case. Assume the decelerations of
the cars are fixed.

Hence, or otherwise, find the minimum separation d for avoiding a collision in this case.
(2 marks)

The minimum separation to avoid collision:

𝑑 = 0.9 × 30 = 27 m 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–5 5
 3. A man is playing golf on a slope. When he hits the ball at A on the ground, the ball moves through air and
lands at B as shown in Figure 3.1. Neglect air resistance.

Figure 3.1

The ball is of mass 45 g. It moves with an initial velocity of 70 m s -1 at angle of 16o to the horizontal after
being hit. The ball hits the ground at B after 5.2 s.

(a) Find the work done on the golf ball by the player. (2 marks)

work done = KE of the ball

1
= 𝑚𝑣 2 1M
2
1
= (0.045)(702 )

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2
= 110 J [110.25 J] 1A

*(b) Calculate the horizontal displacement of the golf ball. (2 marks)

𝑠𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 𝑡
= 𝑢 cos 𝜙 𝑡 1M
= 70 cos 16𝑜 (5.2)
= 350 m 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–6 6
 *(c) Calculate the value of 𝜃. (3 marks)

1
𝑠𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 1M
2
1 2
𝑠𝑥 tan 𝜃 = 𝑢 sin 𝜙 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 1M for 𝑠𝑦
2
1
−350 tan 𝜃 = 70 sin 16𝑜 (5.2) − (9.81)(5.22 )
2
𝜃 = 5.27𝑜 1A

(d) Calculate the speed of the ball just before it hist the ground. (2 marks)

1 1
𝑚𝑢2 + 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚𝑣 2 1M
2 2
702 + 2(9.81)(350 tan 5.27𝑜 ) = 𝑣 2
𝑣 = 74.4 m s-1 1A

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*(e) C is the mid-point of AB. State whether the golf ball is ascending, flying horizontally or descending
when it passes vertically above C. (1 mark)

Descending 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–7 7
 4. You are given the following apparatus.
a piece of elastic string
a bench pulley, fixed on edge of table.
a vibrator of fixed frequency 200 Hz
a hanging weight of fixed weight 5 N
a meter rule

With a suitable diagram, describe how to measure the speed of transverse wave along the elastic string under
a tension of 5 N. Describe the measurement and calculation involved. (5 marks)

Attach one end of the elastic string to the vibrator and pass over the pulley.
Hang the weight onto the other end of the string. 1A (any one)
Diagram 1A
Start the vibrator.
Adjust the position of the vibrator such that a stable stationary wave pattern is formed on the string.
1A
Measure the length L of the string under vibration by a meter rule. 1A
The speed v of the wave can be found by

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2𝐿
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𝑣 = 200 ( )
𝑛
where n is the number of loops of the stationary wave. 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–8 8
 5.. Figure 5.1 shows an object AB placed in front of a lens L. The line XY is the principal axis of a lens L. A light
ray from A is refracted by L.

F 1A
image 1A

Figure 5.1
(a) (i) What kind of lens is L? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

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Concave lens. 1A
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The ray is diverged. 1A

(ii) Draw suitable line(s) in Figure 5.1 to locate the focus F of the lens L. Write down the focal length
of L.
1A
Focal length = 20 cm
Also draw the image of AB formed by the lens L. (3 marks)

(b) Now the object AB is removed and three parallel light rays are incident on L, as shown in Figure 5.2.
Draw the refracted rays. (3 marks)

1A

1A

1A

Figure 5.2

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–9 9
 6. (a) A narrow beam of laser light is incident on a single slit as shown in Figure 6.1. A bright fringe is
observed on a screen 1.8 m away from the slit.

Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2

Figure 6.2 shows how the intensity of light on the screen varies with the displacement x from the central
axis.
(i) Name the wave phenomenon demonstrated in the experiment. (1 mark)

Diffraction

(ii) State what would happen to the central bright fringe if the width of the slit is reduced.

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(2 marks)
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The fringe becomes wider 1A

and less bright. 1A

(b) The single slit is now replaced by a double slit. The centers of the slits are 0.65 mm apart. The intensity
of light on the screen near the central axis now varies as shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3
*(i) Find the wavelength of the laser light (2 marks)

𝐷𝜆
Δ𝑦 =
𝑎

2.5×10−3 (1.8)𝜆
= 1M
2 0.65×10−3

𝜆 = 4.51 × 10−7 m 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–10 10
 (ii) The following figures are copies of Figure 6.3. Draw the expected curve if
(1) The slit separation is increased but slit width remains unchanged. (1 mark)

Denser fringe 1A

(2) The slit width is increased but slit separation remains unchanged. (2 marks)

Smaller spread 1A
Same fringe separation 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–11 11
 7. Figure 7.1 shows a domestic showering system designed to work from the mains supply. The system can be
operated with one or two heater coils connected. Each heater coil has a rating “220 V, 3.5 kW”. Water flows
through the heating chamber through the steel inlet and outlet pipes. The water flow rate is set to 4 kg min-1.

Figure 7.1

(a) (i) The water temperature at the inlet is 20 oC. Calculate the temperature of water leaving the heater
chamber when only one heater coil is operating. Given the specific heat capacity of water is 4200
J kg-1 oC-1. (2 marks)

𝑃𝑡 = 𝑚𝑐Δ𝑇 1M

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4
3500 = ( ) (4200)(𝑇 − 20)
60
𝑇 = 32.5 oC 1A

(ii) Find the temperature of water leaving the heater chamber when both heater coils are used.
(1 mark)

𝑇 = 20 + 2 × (32.5 − 20) = 45 oC 1A

(iii) On a hot summer day, Peter finds the water temperature is too high even only one heater coil is
operating. His friend John suggests him to reduce the water flow rate into the heater using the
control valve, and mix the heated water with water at room temperature so that the water flow
rate is still 4 kg min-1 at the shower head. Explain whether John’s suggestion can further lower
the water temperature in the outlet. (2 marks)

The suggestion does not work.

As same amount of energy is delivered to the same mass of water per unit time,
the temperature of the output water is equally hot. 1A+1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–12 12
 (b) Explain why an earth wire is not required for the shower system. (1 mark)

The steel water pipe serves as an earth wire by conducting electricity to the Earth. 1A

(c) A heater coil is made of wire with diameter 0.3 mm and length 2.2 m. Find the resistivity of the coil at
its working temperature. (3 marks)

𝑉2
𝑃=
𝑅

2202
3500 =
𝑅

𝑅 = 13.8 Ω 1A

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Answers written in the margins will not be marked.

𝜌𝑙
𝑅=
𝐴
𝜌(2.2)
13.8 = 𝜋(0.0003)2
1M
( )
4

𝜌 = 4.44 × 10−7 Ωm 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–13 13
 *8. Tom sets up an experiment according to Figure 8.1 to study the action of a transformer. When he connects an
alternating voltage source set at root-mean-square voltage 12 V to the primary coil of the transformer, a
voltage is developed across the secondary coil. He records the readings on the meters at various settings of
the variable resistor.

Figure 8.1

(a) Explain how a voltage is set up across the secondary coil even though the primary and secondary
coils are physically disconnected. (3 marks)

By carrying alternating current, 1A

the primary coil sets up a changing magnetic field in the soft iron core. 1A
The secondary coil experiences a changing magnetic flux and a voltage is induced. 1A

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(b) The readings recorded by Tom at a setting of the variable resistor are shown below.

Reading of 𝐴1 Reading of 𝐴2 Reading of 𝑉1 Reading of 𝑉2

0.8 A 2.1 A 12 V 2V

(i) Find the turn ratio of the transformer. (1 mark)

𝑁1 𝑉1 12
= = = 6 (or 6 : 1) 1A
𝑁2 𝑉2 2

(ii) Find the efficiency of the transformer. (2 marks)

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐼2 𝑉2
= 1M
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝐼1 𝑉1

(2.1)(2)
= (0.8)(12)

= 43.75 % 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–14 14
 (c) Give two possible reasons to explain why the efficiency found in (b) is less than 100 %. (2 marks)

Resistance in coils, hysteresis loss, power loss due to eddy currents. Any 2

(d) Tom then repeats the experiment by connecting another light bulb in series with R. State and explain
the change in reading of 𝐴1 . (3 marks)

Secondary voltage is fixed, 1A

total power output reduced due to larger equivalent resistance. 1A
Less current is drawn from the supply and reading of 𝐴1 becomes smaller. 1A

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–15 15
 *9. In Figure 9.1, an external force (not shown) is applied to move a conducting square coil of length a into a
uniform magnetic field of strength B pointing into the paper. The coil is entering the magnetic field region
with a velocity v towards the right. The total resistance of the coil is 2 Ω.

Anticlockwise 1A
Figure 9.1
(a) Draw the direction of the induced current in the coil in Figure 9.1. (1 mark)

(b) Show that the induced e.m.f. in the coil is 𝜖 = 𝐵𝑎𝑣. (2 marks)

ΔΦ
𝜖=
Δ𝑡
Δ𝐴
=𝐵 1A
Δ𝑡
= 𝐵𝑎𝑣 1FT

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Or
𝐹𝑣 = 𝐼𝜖 1A
(𝐼𝑎𝐵)𝑣 = 𝐼𝜖
𝜖 = 𝐵𝑎𝑣 1FT

(c) If B = 0.6 T and a = 0.1 m, find the force required to bring the coil into the magnetic field at
v = 0.02 m s-1. (3 marks)

𝜖 = 𝐵𝑎𝑣 = (0.6)(0.1)(0.02) = 1.2 mV 1M

𝜖
𝐼= = 0.6 mA 1M
𝑅
𝐹 = 𝐼𝑎𝐵 = 3.6 × 10−5 N 1A

(d) Using Newton’s law(s) of motion, explain why a constant force is needed to bring the coil into the
magnetic field at a constant velocity. (3 marks)

As induced current flows in the coil, 1A

a magnetic force acts on side PS to the left / to oppose the motion. 1A
By Newton’s 1st law of motion, a constant force is required to balance the magnetic force to give uniform
motion. 1A
(or By Newton’s 2nd law of motion, a constant force is required to balance the magnetic force to give zero
acceleration. 1A)
[Must mention which Newton’s law is used and its corresponding deduction.]
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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–16 16
 10. Read the paragraph about radioactivity in bananas and answer the questions that follow.

Radioactivity in Bananas

Bananas contain high potassium concentration. Potassium is vital for the functioning of all living cells. However,
natural potassium also contains a radioactive isotope of potassium 40 9
19K, which has a half-life of 1.25 × 10 years.
40 40
The radioactive isotope 19K is mostly decayed into calcium 20Ca. Therefore, bananas are a radioactive source,
precisely speaking, a mild one.
The radiation exposure from eating an average-sized banana is about 0.1 μSv, which accounts for 1% of the
average daily exposure to radiation. When a person eats a banana, the additional radiation exposure due to the
banana lasts only for a few hours after ingestion. It is because the excess potassium in the person’s body will be
removed by the kidneys. Therefore, it is safe to enjoy bananas.

(a) The radioactive isotope of potassium 40 40

19K inside bananas is decayed into calcium 20Ca through a single
decay process. Which particle is emitted in the process? Write down an equation to represent the decay.
(2 marks)

40 40
19K → 20Ca + −10β 1A
Beta particle / electron is emitted. 1A

(b) The activity of an average-sized banana is about 15 Bq. Estimate the number of undecayed
potassium-40 inside the banana. (Take 1 year = 3.15 × 107 s.) (3 marks)

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𝐴 = 𝑘𝑁

ln 2
𝐴=( )𝑁 1M for k
𝑡1
2

ln 2
15 = 𝑁 1M for unit
(1.25×109 )(3.15×107 )

𝑁 = 8.52 × 1017 1A

(c) The radiation exposure from eating one banana is low compared with the average dose per year due to
natural background radiation. State two sources of natural background radiation. (2 marks)

Cosmic rays, rock and soil / building material, radon gas. Any 2

END OF PAPER

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2122-MOCK-PHY 1B–17 17