Page No

Date

Ketaunng. SttuttuHej

Rtauiuug. Sthututes aa wall _wed to katain Couth

bf iu sfd
ON othumatesial_en ene
utauutaiuing, mat ea wuollytem od
a
hackl
ak wed to Ovid Suppo to tt
Retau nng. wal
fok ghway O TEl0a conhe
hill Clep
CHOSIGN
kuBaiw ng coalL at wed, fo pkovide
Baemuw
colta bdoua thu exiktingpound lwe
Hteuuna
ata subieuted, to Aaguen tandsiide
to tncLal he gFabi L't
wau aHu many. onsuted
Rnd maued2 peuend
2and ide-

wno Suchu he, alo wed t pkovid, femporaly

Kekau
forcpundahdnd
uppokh duku ng excavahdn

Shaur pil dhe wed to Choal a 9 fable pound

mamne dof in cOasta egnbrto uch dh
Suppok
ince
o Imuchen egupmuu f a tiag dol
H
POunda, ons Smuchle ov Such Sei
 G.L
G.L
Retaining wall Basement
retaining wall
Existing G.L.
77
(a) MRAS

Existing G.L.

Formation level -
Highway or railway
Retaining wall
Retaining wall -
Highway or railway
Existing GL
mmm
mTTTTT

(c) (d)

Bridge

Construction area

Abutment ut be Sheet pile wall

T mmmmmmm

(e)
hignwayyor
(a) Retaining wall for plinth rise, (b) basement retaining wall,
(c)
Figure16.1 Types of retaining structures:
abutment of a bridge, (f) temporary Suppu
t to

railway in banking, (d) highway or railway cutting, (e)

in
the construction area, and (g) braced sheeting for excavation.
of backthil
tan36

Page No
Date
The acEumulati 8n atn béhind a HutainvMg
SouohuHe Readi to aw fntcoate n doty o
bauki eakt preuuke
Hene odiquat phovisi&n ghould, be
MOde tOR. dyainage, e batKl

weep hdein th body eHatau

Htauw na oall
actocs t dth
bpeokated dainaaumpe aleng th lnath
sttu way
be plated
Fltek matetial thould
Qkound fa peHLOkaia to pavent walhing c the
hauk iu cel.

type e Ralaiwng Waly

1 Gkavity. walll
malenoau Hatedu ng o ou.
Conckde eutauw ng wo

Sem-Hav ty Huteiung wal

Wau_
3 CanHAeJe. t teiwg
waU
HCoundetAoHE Hutauwg
yeteuung. wal
Budg rzgled Diaph kagm
C ghotr pile wa.

Canhke u e t shau l e
Ancho d Sheer pmle
HLtoiung oalL
SpeiaL type o
Lalbie
Chib wauls
 Page No.
Date

Gkaity ally detfve theh 2alelal tabiuity

by
Huku maK

the ConuHGbuUK r
ney a He conmuuted
TOnL_m@ &naly

Cui fablefot Cmy Small high

hey ate eLOnOnio

Sen-ghkovitkuteiwng. kuallk a type

avity yekaung

Oa pHOUded t h a smal qmoun

eei _
tue
Memo LCOment toHL Heduung tue mals o
CDmuue
ackau

Gqvity.oay gem-qravity
kutaingwau

Cauttkeve lteiuing. wau-

Th a tuintokeed contule wqu owclu whUsee

CAuhi&euu cauitevee aaten Dreteun tu balk
 Page No.
Deste
0,aue e{ t wOu i Cxlinded nto +
en te e0 grde 4is Knouon g neel stab baaKt
OHoude stgnia addihona qoad stebtu
to tue wau

Cautikeve kotaYwng. wall_ak Sui teule -tot

Hatet ng th backL to modecat neu o
4-tm
LooK Ka
On cHosG -Cedh on can hleveid wa
L ot invlted T

COunteHok Puteu nvg. walu!

h hw hught ot a canhileuot yefelung

wa iC moke tha abou fwm t 0nonnca
o ptovda, veth Lal teaung sysum Kno von a
countefotS on th bakK Pu 9da alo0ve t e
heel slalb Use fCountedfokU Kuduute bandna manunt

But rnoued RuHanng wall

oheOhon t u oa tuangula beam q He plaed

On th Honk sidla he ttaiung wau
fwlëàd Gn the backffl Hu kitamna, wal is
l&nOwn a butHued tutcuwng wau

TRiqngulat beam ato known a hutl veued nteadA

SCouniehafokh
 Stem
Backfill
Stem

r Heel slab

Counterforts

Heel slab
Toe slab
Toe slab

Cantilever wall. Figure 16.5 Counterfort retaining wall.

Figure 16.4
orce hebacof Stem

Backfill
Buttresses

- Heel slab
Toe slab-
entofticton
eueeorg evilolk

Figure 16.6 Buttressed retaining wall

taining wall. The structural action of the
 Page No.
Date

9heel pile akPlOxible letaiuw

Sheer pile
t e d t opHo do aiem poka
SuttuMe Cogrud
aktaO COnjmudhbo ef shmuchuHe

untokae d
e 9t s mada up etm,ek Stee or
08ncHue
dpth23m
wed po
Shallow dopth

Advantage, Sheemle Watektign

n be emoved yues
atthth lonhnuehmn

DiHente behocen a lheu pml Htaung

ACOnvenh&na RL tawna wall deve it
Suppoku maunly tom thu wugn o ttu all ad

a wuu o HOm t Wught tL Col uainnd

albove hau slolb Blp
lhu dupth ofoundahm is ually Stoal_
pouhve konstane o S o l wuauL negleled in t

dekg
n o &hur pile RateNo guppokr mau
deived, t o m The_palve yehstante o tu Co
belo h dHudag leve
wou u diptt t foundahey
Cenbedmank) is g ttae compgtid t thak in_
taang, way
 Page No.
Date

CantLwet shuu pile deu ve, Suppok ftom

ho emlbed mon nto h
undekulying Snu belouo +u dkidge ewe

Anchottod Shar pilw- n cae an dhoked ghes

piieaddihmal akekal SuppokU
s pHouided by nean C an chor tods
LPixed to t sheet iluL neg the top Qn ho Had
Su tably 2

ig duived oM bed munt totthe

Latelal SppOH
Sor quppbHE Hm anthor or
be Hod

Diaphkagm waL

wall aku commenly wed, in ongutd

Dauphkaam peimanunfoundohm
akas dO Huenh& cyKUo
woll
in close pHoxuw ty to
Thp COn be inuteled,
Loss uppe k
Cxishng. Suchte mth nuyimal
D xizUgfoundo hon
qound
Diophkam hoall have
QLo beny ued

waleh aAt beloo dam

ruded buRul 1rend

Diaphhagm walg atta Cos
teahnques
 W7TTTTTTTNNTITTTTTI7

Backfill

Sheet pile
Backfill Sheet pile Tieback Anchor

Dredge level
Dredge level
mmmmmmm

Figure 16.12 Anchored sheet pile wall.

Figure 16.11 Cantilever sheet pile wall.
 Corncre S
pile

Stage (1) Stage (2) Stage (3)

Figure 16.33 Construction stages of a diaphragm wall using slurry trench technique.
 Page No..
Date

Gabien wsall
abien ake Stel oik ags
u ed witu qusktty un
O hive kuw Stond aualabes at T ho o cHoko

-Gabien uwall at condhmictad bu Shacking 4 tuing

oiHL cages flled with hep Hock
Cage ak stacKed o co muu Shuhle ef gtuar
dutabi Lity fteubiu
Gabien gttuchu Hel behave as pekokalid ba ts
alloioing wale to praduallr pau thoua n tum.

CHbe wally_ak oU o t oldoltgsavity wal

Sys@sConpogd of a geku o sha tKed
membeHs ckaating hollow celfiled sit oh kock

CHub wall, have beun mada e ok vahOuß matUuaL

ndudi ng w00d mttute euOn playhc Chubs oug mad
& nteHLLOKing headex tatrhet tot q He
`tacKed Ko tu oolly loq log abih

Obs can be ued Pok mOdilala huah o H-6

Figure 16.34 Stack of gabion baskets. Figure 16.35 Gabion box filled with stones.

atcat
Figure 16.36 Gabion wall on a
highway.
 Headers
Stretcheer

HH Face of wall
H
Cells to be
H filled with soil

wall
Figure 16.40 Crib
 Page No. .
Date
Bkaced ghauhiug-- aed cu

excavai m wnicw ake Aaelauy

Suppoued a
bHaced cuuts.
he Vehal Snde the eycovato oko
awppoked by_a Sheeting 4bHAunq SSUm
SEconkisB Huativey eible Sheétina
placed again ERcavaTon walls Tw latelal thrwr on
H Sheetna is ynsCd by thL houigOna{ membes
n compHOLhUm Cg k Knoum a bra ung, susUo

Dekign Hgu emen Pok gavity waus

GHauitt keteuing wauy detuve teut Shbitit by
sel-eighl

h maun degn citeRia, ae a follovOS:

a) 1o_pHavenh ovektu hnang t wal dbou toe

wall at bale
t o pHevent udng oth
top Havenh tenae auyohek n the bae Snl

-(C)Ho pkoven beaking faiu te t h bale s

Luna th a
U 0HLel acua om tha AL_peHuw J

Achve £gkth phuthuk Pa

wegw e th wall W)
te bae
Resuutan soL Heatim Rm
PHeluHe
wveegHh
Patave
 Wale
Sheet Wale
piling Strut
Steel
sheet piling
AV VA Strut

(b) Sectional plan on AA

(a) Vertical sheeting

Fig. 21.15 Bracing in soft soil with vertical sheeting

nlona the line of excavation hefore the soil i
 R
w Av ToeEc /BHL JHeel
PA He
Ry TPAH

Pp Toe -B
2 H e e

(a) (b)
 Page No.
Date

StaiDty ageu uiading

Tend to eid qwa Om he bork

e walll
due to nek houzonlal Qat proju HU ding ontu
oay

utiono fotee behoea

Tuig is Yeistedby t
he alL 4 th undsynng Si
Hw baie o
Patwe adhore
CaAth tOre
f-0 Renstrua Pokee
liaing dore
auh ve preuu

hs_Cgendsl)
P.0taina
biut agau-ovutun

agou oNUtuung
Tu walul mult be aje

Ovutuivng fs caued by the hoHgoual cnome

fh he ulkant qhve dr ulM Pa in th m
a n ONURfurwnO M dman SMn abou D
t h wal

EM dovon d aa oruel+Pulkan
pamve eghuth pkuw
49.92

Page No.
Date

Me
Mo

Stabitity agam Tehon

Th Su) Koauhon pyeuhu at f bale of tu wa
LAdllbe uwmum at the hee &Canbe Cuputed bu

'pausa
b

CUnpnen
u m oi Vuh al

fOH ho enhOm
e

tukd D
Should e witwin tu uddle
Reultan
He bae

Beaking.fai lude
Stabltyagaiuy
nsal
nL_pHulns af the De. T h
Mg
tGe

6
{Um
elulhênhfo HAE,
eccenttuu ty o t Rab
mdtw o thL baie
the centet ofth

b idtw of-bau Kab

 Page No.
Date

beomng. capau t Pnaay

Shoet pilu twial

Ahee pi le wa is an eattu 4 waje Guta wng
Shuehu He oich is mad np o ageie h ghot
pile d ven to her koquud dupth î'n he
q nd

9E con be ca) Cantileyet 3heet pi l

cb) AnchokLd uKhoad weor
mo dial huau

e wall hghn
Lakge SLppo ageun
1oal,pHeLute. Yg pOVIdid b y em bed mèn m
h e qDund a w as by e he tods n e a t he
ng
topepüng- u s type o-egk rekriny heod
Shhuthid icolled anchDHedbu

Shee pm l- oouul ak wed m wan pHenh Shuuhde&

Sine they donot youw ke deoatekung of tue t

Theyak wqu a Locahng8 wheke the P pek Layek

4Subsdl ake weak at inadequali ROt Suppokhnq
havity 7eaywug wal

( t y aHe alO We upoHalq cOmkhuuh 0

 Sheet Anchor
Pile
(deadman)
Deflected
Deflected-
shape shape
Anchor rod
ESheet pile
Dredge line Dredge line

Ib
(a) Cantilever sheet pile driven
(b) Anchored bulkhead driven (C) Anchered bulkhead
to shallow depth to deeper depth
 Page No.
Date
oe pileg nay oe bMle Hunfokued cnuu

Tim ke piling fs wed Shotk spans 4 to twis

foi atetal Loads ey QH o t u e d fot

po A smuohue

Tfbek p Shutpilel ak ointed to eah 0tu

by pgue 2Hoove n k

Tengue

CHoovee

comekufe pileg a-e genel all pHOa

Kein-Pokeed
CmccelF membeH
atutulahvely heo bulky.
here pi |a
ausplaue latae votu mel Reld duing aivig
hey

Ocommon pe e pile wed ao gul shee

pilu

dvantage e wing suuh pi

to hig dhuv ing sh eue a

a k e ate kensta n
matuia
dedeloped in hald Ok, toKy
 Date

cThe ake Liohtehu in (eah on

Cn
( he baa be kaued

Te piles long th can be mtiaied ot by wudina

ot hothna