North Eastern Mindanao State University

Bislig Campus
Formerly Surigao del Sur State University
College of Engineering
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao del Sur

COURSE REQUIREMENT

Centralized Air Conditioning and Ventilation System of Barangay Hall of San

Vicente, Bislig City

Presented to:

Engr. Alberto E. Lastimado Jr.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Subject
ME 325 (Air-Conditioning and Ventilation Systems)

Presented by:

Suan, Mike E.
Aloz, Katherine F.

March 2024
TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Definition of Key Terms
1.6 Building Description

CHAPTER 2: AIR CONDITIONING LOAD ESTIMATE

Factors Affecting Colling Load Estimate

Design Data

Exterior Roof and Walls

Wall Materials

2.1 Calculation of Coefficient of Heat Transfer

2.2 Heat Gain Calculation

2.2.1 Heat Gain Calculations for Zone 1

2.2.2 Heat Gain Calculations for Zone 2

CHAPTER 3: PSYCHROMETRIC ANALYSIS

3.1 Psychrometric Analysis for Zone 1

3.2 Psychrometric Analysis for Zone 2

CHAPTER IV: DUCT SIZING

4.1 Duct Layout for Zone 1

4.2 Duct Layout for Zone 2

CHAPTER V: PIPE SIZING

5.1 Supply Pipe Sizing for Zone 1

5.2 Return Pipe Sizing for Zone 1

5.3 Supply Pipe Sizing for Zone 2

5.4 Return Pipe Sizing for Zone 2

CHAPTER VI: SCHEDULE OF EQUIPMENTS

CHAPTER VII: RAW MATERIALS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The invention of the 'Air-Conditioning System' has become a crucial component in modern
mechanical engineering, revolutionizing indoor climate control for health, comfort, and productivity. It
involves intricately designed systems that regulate temperature, humidity, and air quality in strategically
placed locations. Despite continuous efforts to improve its usage, the concept of air conditioning remains
open to upgrades and improvements to adapt to the dynamic environment of the present time.

The science of air conditioning involves fields like heat transfer, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics,
and control systems, revealing its complexity. It is crucial to consider the number of people and the
environment when deciding whether to install an air conditioning system, as the quality of air and
temperature outside a building can vary. In Filipino households, household machines like electric fans
create air flow, providing comfort during hot or arid seasons. However, these devices do not reduce air
temperature, unlike the primary function of air-conditioning machinery.

This initiative aims to design a centralized air-conditioning system for the proposed Barangay Hall of
San Vicente, focusing on the fundamental principles of air-conditioning calculations and practical
applications in specific buildings or establishments. The project aims to educate proponents on the
feasibility of such a system.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

 This initiative pitch aims to design an air-conditioning system for a government-funded Barangay
Hall of San Vicente. Hence, this will enable the students to learn and actualize the underlying process in
crafting a realistic design of a centralized air-conditioning system. As such, the following questions shall
serve as the general guidelines in the succeeding parts of the paper.

1. What factors should be taken into account when designing an air conditioning system?
2. What necessary processes are required in the pre-implementation phase, implementation and
post-implementation phase of the design?
3. What possible machineries or equipment will be utilized in the air-conditioning system?
1.3 Objective of the Study

Upon intently fixating on the underlying concepts and factors in designing an air-condition
system, we are set to realize the following;

 Gain a comprehensive understanding on the imperative fundamentals behind air conditioning

technology.
 Learn how to design an efficient and effective air conditioning system tailored to specific
conditions of the environment.
 Assess the environmental impact of such system in the indoor air quality and subsequent
utilization of methods in reducing carbon footprint.
 Explore the procedures or strategies in operation, maintenance and troubleshooting of air
conditioning machineries.
1.4 Significance of the Study

With the primary goal of implementing a centralized air-conditioning system in the specified
Barangay Hall of San Vicente, the design outcomes will revert to the advantages incorporated with the
utilization of the mentioned system in small to large buildings. The implementation of this design would
pave the way for ensuring a standard level of comfort for anyone who visits the location, especially the
barangay officials and staff.

Since we are mainly focusing on the application of the said system, maintaining a comfortable indoor
environment through air conditioning enhances employee productivity, morale, and overall well-being.
Technically, proper ventilation and air conditioning contribute to maintaining good indoor air quality by
circulating and filtering the air. A well-designed centralized air conditioning system in a barangay hall is
crucial for several reasons. It enhances comfort and productivity, maintains health and hygiene, and
reduces the risk of mold growth and dust mites. Centralized systems are more energy-efficient than
individual ones, leading to cost savings. They also encourage community engagement and event
participation, making the barangay hall a hub for gatherings and events. Additionally, they provide a safe
and comfortable space for residents seeking refuge during emergencies, such as natural disasters or health
crises.

1.5 Definition of Key Terms

In accordance with ASHRAE Standard 12-75, Refrigeration Terms and Definitions, listed below are
the commonly used terms relative to heat transmission and load calculations (Bhatia A., 2020).

Space – is either a volume or a site without a partition or a partitioned room or group of rooms.
Room – is an enclosed or partitioned space that is usually treated as single load.
Zone – is a space or group of spaces within a building with heating and/or cooling requirements
sufficiently similar so that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a single controlling
device.
British thermal unit (Btu) - is the approximate heat required to raise 1 lb. of water 1 deg Fahrenheit,
from 590 F to 600 F. Air conditioners are rated by the number of British Thermal Units (Btu) of heat
they can remove per hour. Another common rating term for air conditioning size is the "ton," which is
12,000 Btu per hour and Watts. Some countries utilize one unit, more than the others and therefore it
is good if you can remember the relationship between BTU/hr, Ton, and Watts.
 1 ton is equivalent to 12,000 BTU/hr.
 12,000 BTU/hr. is equivalent to 3,516 Watts - or 3.516 kW (kilo-Watts).
Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) – an equivalent temperature difference used for
calculating the instantaneous external cooling load across a wall or roof.
Sensible Heat Gain – is the energy added to the space by conduction, convection and/or radiation.
Latent Heat Gain – is the energy added to the space when moisture is added to the space by means
of vapor emitted by the occupants, generated by a process or through air infiltration from outside or
adjacent areas.
Radiant Heat Gain – the rate at which heat absorbed is by the surfaces enclosing the space and the
objects within the space.
Space Heat Gain – is the rate at which heat enters into and/or is generated within the conditioned
space during a given time interval.
Space Cooling Load – is the rate at which energy must be removed from a space to maintain a
constant space air temperature.
 Space Heat Extraction Rate - the rate at which heat is removed from the conditioned space and is
equal to the space cooling load if the room temperature remains constant.
Temperature, Dry Bulb – is the temperature of air indicated by a regular thermometer.
Temperature, Wet Bulb – is the temperature measured by a thermometer that has a bulb wrapped in
wet cloth. The evaporation of water from the thermometer has a cooling effect, so the temperature
indicated by the wet bulb thermometer is less than the temperature indicated by a dry-bulb (normal,
unmodified) thermometer. The rate of evaporation from the wet-bulb thermometer depends on the
humidity of the air. Evaporation is slower when the air is already full of water vapor. For this reason,
the difference in the temperatures indicated by ordinary dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers gives a
measure of atmospheric humidity.
Temperature, Dewpoint – is the temperature to which air must be cooled in order to reach saturation
or at which the condensation of water vapor in a space begins for a given state of humidity and
pressure.
Relative humidity - describes how far the air is from saturation. It is a useful term for expressing the
amount of water vapor when discussing the amount and rate of evaporation. One way to approach
saturation, a relative humidity of 100%, is to cool the air. It is therefore useful to know how much the
air needs to be cooled to reach saturation.
Thermal Transmittance or Heat Transfer Coefficient (U-factor) – is the rate of heat flow through
a unit area of building envelope material or assembly, including its boundary films, per unit of
temperature difference between the inside and outside air.
- The U-factor is expressed in Btu/ (hr °F ft 2).

Thermal Resistance (R) – is the reciprocal of a heat transfer coefficient and is expressed (hr °F ft 2
)/Btu. For example, a wall with a U-value of 0.25 would have a resistance value of R = I/U =
1/0.25=4.0. The value of R is also used to represent Thermal Resistivity, the reciprocal of the thermal
conductivity.

Psychrometer – is a device utilized for detecting relative humidity using both wet and dry bulb
temperature.

Ventilation- its purpose is to provide healthy air for breathing by both diluting the pollutants
originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it.

1.6 Building Description

 When installing HVAC in a building, it's crucial to consider the load required, AC capacity, and
the overall structure of the building. The designated engineer must evaluate the building's climate site,
average temperature, and other factors to ensure the necessary information and procedures for
practical application. This includes considering factors like the building's climate site and the average
temperature of the specified location.