Alvaro Morales

docente, instituto de fisica

clase 14: Capacitancia. Calculo de la capacitancia con

dieléctricos

C = Q/V………...carga/voltios

consideremos un conductor esferico de radio R y carga Q

el potencial en la superficie es V = kQ/R

Q/V = R/k = 4Πε0R = C

esta propiedad se extiende a sistemas de conductores

C = Q/(V1 – V2)………….C/V = F = faradios

(V1 – V2) = Ed = σd/ε0………sin dielectrico

(V1 – V2) = Ed = σd/ε……...con dielectrico

(V1 – V2) = Ed = Qd/Sε……...con dielectrico

C = Q/(V1 – V2) = Sε/d

CONDENSADORES EN SERIE

The total voltage across each capacitor must be equal to the voltage of the battery.

If three capacitors in series are considered to form an equivalent single capacitor

Cs shown in Figure 1.60(b), then we have V=Q/Cs. Substituting this expression into
equation (1.104), we get
Thus, the inverse of the equivalent capacitance CS of three capacitors connected in series
is equal to the sum of the inverses of each capacitance. This equivalent capacitance CS is
always less than the smallest individual capacitance in the series.
CONDENSADORES EN PARALELOS

Since corresponding sides of the capacitors are connected to the same positive and
negative terminals of the battery, the voltage across each capacitor is equal to the
battery’s voltage. Since capacitance of the capacitors is different, the charge stored in
each capacitor is not the same. Let the charge stored in the three capacitors be Q1,
Q2, and Q3 respectively. According to the law of conservation of total charge, the sum of
these three charges is equal to the charge Q transferred by the battery,

If these three capacitors are considered to form a single capacitance CP which stores the
total charge Q as shown in the Figure 1.61(b), then we can write Q = CPV. Substituting
this in equation (1.107), we get
Thus, the equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel is equal to the sum
of the individual capacitances.
HALLAR LA CAPACITANCIA DE UN CONDENSADOR
DE PLACAS PARALELAS CON DOS DIELECTRICOS

uL

PASOS:

1. DEFINIR UNA SUPERFICIE GAUSSIANA

Usar la ley de Gauss para el desplazamiento electrico

cilindro: una tapa1, area dS, dentro del conductor de carga

positiva, una tapa2 dentro del dielectrico ε1, y el area lateral

2. calcular el flujo a traves de la superficie Gaussiana: region1

E = 0 en la tapa1, dentro de un conductor…..flujo cero

flujo en el area lateral = 0, E es perpendicular a la superficie
uL

El flujo en la tapa2 es Ɗ1 dS = σdS…..ε1 E1 = σ…

3. calcular el flujo a traves de la superficie Gaussiana: region2

se crea una superficie Gaussiana que se extienda a la region 2

E = 0 en la tapa1, dentro de un conductor…..flujo cero

flujo en el area lateral = 0, E es perpendicular a la superficie

uL

El flujo en la tapa2 es Ɗ2 dS = σdS…..ε2 E2 = σ…

4. calcular la diferencia de potencial entre las placas

V+ - V- = V = ∫E.dl…………...E = - ∇V

V = ∫E1 .dl + ∫E2 .dl = E1 l1 + E2 l2 = σ/ε1 l1 + σ/ε2 l2

…………………….= Q/(Sε1) l1 + Q/(Sε2) l2

C = Q/V = S(ε1 ε2)/(ε2 l1 + ε1 l2) …...

HALLAR EL DESPLAZAMIENTO ELECTRICO, LA
POLARIZACION Y LA DENSIDAD DE CARGA DE
POLARIZACION

usar Ɗ = ε0E + χε0 E = ε E

Ɗ1 = ε1 E1(- uy)

Ɗ2 = ε2 E2(- uy)

usar Ƥ = χε0 E

Ƥ1 = χ1 ε0 E1 = χ1 ε0 σ/ε1(- uy)

Ƥ2 = χ2 ε0 E2 = χ2 ε0 σ/ε2(- uy) …

carga de polarizacion

usar σP = Ƥ.uN……...uN…normal a la superficie

σP1 = Ƥ1 .uN = χ1 ε0 σ/ε1

σP2 = Ƥ2 .uN = χ2 ε0 σ/ε2

HALLAR LA CAPACITANCIA DE UN SISTEMA CON
DOS DIELECTRICOS DISPUESTOS VERTICALMENTE

usar la ley de Gauss para el desplazamiento electrico

q = ∫σ dS = ∫Ɗ.uN dS

q1 = ∫Ɗ.uN dS = ∫Ɗ dS = Ɗ ∫dS = Ɗ1 S1…...Ɗ1 = σ1

Ɗ2 = σ2 = q2/S2

Campo electrico

Ɗ1 = σ1 = ε1 E1…………….

Ɗ2 = σ2 = ε2 E2…….
Capacitancia:

diferencia de potencial

V+ - V- = V = ∫E1 .dl = ∫E2 .dl…E1 = E2

q = q1 + q2

V = E1 l = l σ1/ε1 = lq1/(S1ε1)

V = E2 l = l σ2/ε1 = lq2/(S2ε2)

q = V(S1ε1)/l + V(S2ε2)/l

C = q/V = (S1ε1)/l + (S2ε2)/l

……..NOTA: en algunos textos esto lo interpretan como dos

condensadores en paralelo…..ERROR